Factors that Affect the Senior High School Strand

Preference of Select Grade 10 Students

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
Background of the StudyPhilippines, Djibouti and Angola and other countries in Asia are the
remaining countries who remain with a 10-year pre-university program. The Philippine
Educational System is one of the most abrupt formal educations in the world covering a span of
14 years. This system involves 6-year primary education, 4 years for secondary education and
another 4 years for tertiary education.
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Fortunately, the government offers free and compulsory education for the first 6-year class of a
pupil. For secondary education, mandated order for curriculum is extended. As for the tertiary
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education, it does not negotiates compulsory education, but offers scholarship programs. For
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this reason, the country formulates an idea that adapts the educational system of the majority.In
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order to maneuver this evident problem on education, the Department of Education has started
to implement the new K-12 Curriculum, which serves as the major redeem in the existing
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curriculum. This reform includes boosting of basic education for mastery and extending of basic
education curriculum to incorporate 12 years. By prolonging the basic education, that is, adding
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kindergarten and two years in high school. The recent program ensures that graduates earn the
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necessary skills and reach the legal age for employment to qualify entrance into the world of
work, if they desire or need to do so. On the other hand, graduates who opt to go to tertiary
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education are deemed better prepared for college study (Seameo Innotech, 2012).

A major change brought about by K-12 curriculum is the addition of two years in secondary
education, known as Senior High School (SHS). The old 4-year secondary curriculum will be
now renamed as Junior High School (JHS) which starts from Grades 7 to Grade 10, and Senior
High School will follow through from Grades 11 to 12. The newly implemented curriculum offers
the highlights on opportunity specialization in Academic, Technical-Vocational-Livelihood,
Sports and Arts fields. The chosen tracks depend on the students’ preference, interest and
capacities. Also, it will determine the subjects to be taken by the student during his/her Senior
High School.

The tracks mentioned are as follows:

1. Academic Track
a) Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)
b) General Academic Strand (GAS)c. Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)
c) Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
2. 2. Technical-vocational Track
a) Agriculture-Fisheries
b) Home Economics
c) Industrial Arts

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 d) Information and Communications Technology (ICT)
3. Sports Track
4. Arts and Design Track

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the different factors that affect the Senior High School strand
preference of selected 10 students; specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

- Lading factors that affects the students’ preference in choosing Senior High School
strand in terms of:Personality Family/RelativesInterestsJob Opportunities
- How do these factors do affect the student’s decision making in choosing Senior High
School strand?

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Gottfredson’s theory, occupational aspirations are a

reflection of one’s self-concept. People seek occupations that (a) arc congruent with their self-
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image and (b) reflect their knowledge of different occupations. This theory describes that
students become attracted to certain specialization.
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According to this theory, self-concept is the key to specialization selection. Students tend to
choose jobs that are compatible with their personality. The key determinants according to the
theory are one’s social class, level of intelligence and experiences with sex typing. In the study
of Siguan Jr., (1994) as cited in Sonsona (2012) self-concept was also found significant on the
choice of specialization of students. Another is Holland’s theory of career choice suggested that
people can function and develop best and find jobs satisfaction in work environments that are
compatible with their personalities. People tend to choose a career that is reflective of their
personality.

Holland (1994), suggest that the closer the match of personality to job, the greater the
satisfaction. Holland’s theory places emphasis on the accuracy of self-knowledge and career
information necessary for career decision making (Zunker, 1994 p. 49) as cited in Abernathy
(2003).The focus of this study was undertaken by the following conceptual framework.Input –
This includes their track preference and the factors that affect their preference.Process – In the
research process, this includes determining their track preferences and determining the leading
factors that affect their preference.Output – This study would identify the track preferences of
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 Grade 10 students of Valencia National High School and the factors that affect them which can
be used as basis for a career guidance program of the said school and for certain institutions
that would like to design and implement a Senior High School program.Significance of the
StudyLearning is the aspect of development that connotes modification of behavior, skills and
knowledge that results from practice and experience which sought for quality education.

The generalization of this present study would be a great contribution to the vast knowledge in
relation to student’s achievements. Vital results of this investigation could be highly significant
and beneficial specifically to the following:Researchers – This study will inspire them to be
creative to carry out programs that are beneficial to both teachers and students, especially in
Senior High School. Students – As the prospective Senior High School learners in the future,
the findings of this study would benefit and inspire them to formulate and act upon on their
career plans in the future.Future Researchers – This study would serve as reference that would
help in conducting their own research studiesScope and DelimitationsThe study is to be
administered at Valencia National High School. The said school is selected based mainly on the
proximity of its location to the researchers and on the kind of the education that they offer to its
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clientele. Valencia National High School, commonly known as VNHS is situated at Lapu-lapu
St., Poblacion, Valencia City, Bukidnon. The school stimulates the students’ rights to quality,
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equitable, culture-based and complete basic education. For this reason, the student hones skills
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and attitude while maintaining sense of self-discipline. This study focuses on the senior high
school track preferences of their Grade 10 students of the Academic Year 2017-2018.
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Definitions of TermsEducation - the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction,

especially at a school or university. K-12 Curriculum – in general educational term, it typically
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refers to the content being taught and the learning experiences students have in the school
setting in grades kindergarten through twelve. K-12 program – is the newly implemented
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educational system in the PhilippinesSenior High School – is the second part of secondary
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education under the K-12 program, wherein the students would take up the subjects under their
career pathway specializationCareer Pathways – optional courses that offers the student for
specialization in academic, technical-vocational, sports and arts, and entrepreneurship.

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