Shear Force & Bending

Moment
Part-I
 Shear force
• Shear force at any section of a beam is define
as the “Net vertical force or unbalanced
vertical force on either side of the section”. It
is the algebric sum of all vertical components
on either left side or right side of the section.
The effect of shear force is to cut the member
at a section, e.g. similar effect like scissor
cutting the page.
Shear force
 Sign convention
• the sum of vertical forces on right side acting
downward and on left side acting upward is
considered as positive shear force. In other
words clockwise shear is considered as
positive. And opposite to these if sum of
vertical forces on right side of the section
acting upward and left side of section acting
downward or anticlockwise shear is
considered as negative shear force.
Sign convention
 Sign convention
• Sign Convention for Shear Force:
• The usual sign conventions to be followed for
the shear forces have been illustrated in
figures 2 and 3.
Fig 2: Positive Shear Force
Fig 3: Negative Shear Force
 Bending Moment
• The moment which tends to bend the beam in
plane of load is known as bending moment. In
other word bending moment at any section of
a beam is the “Net or unbalanced moment
due to all forces on either side of the section”.
It is the algebric sum of moment due to all
forces on either right or left side of the
section. The effect of bending moment is to
bend the element.
 Sign Convention
• If the sum of moment on right side is
anticlockwise and on left side clockwise, it is
considered as positive bending moment. It is also
called as sagging bending moment. It will cause
compression at top and tension at the bottom
surface. The opposite of this, i.e.. the sum of
moment on right side is clockwise and on left side
anticlockwise, it is considered as negative
bending moment. It is also known as hogging
bending moment. It will cause tension on top
surface and compression on the bottom surface.
Sign convention
 Sign Conventions for the Bending
Moment
• For the bending moment, following sign
conventions may be adopted as indicated in
fig.
Positive Bending Moment
Negative Bending Moment
 Cantilever Beam
Case –I
Point load
P
Ma

R aH
A B
Lm

R aV
 Case –I
Point load
• Consider a cantilever beam AB of length L with
fixed support at A and B is free end and
subjected to vertical downward point load ‘P’
at point B. At fixed end ‘A’ there are three
reaction , one vertical, one horizontal, and one
moment. These reactions can be calculated by
using conditions of equilibrium.
 Applying conditions of equilibrium
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R aH =0
• As there is no other horizontal force therefore
• R aH = 0
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R av = P --------------------I
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• Ma= P x L
• Thus for a Cantilever beam carrying point
load at the end , the reactions are
• R aH= 0
• R aV = P
• Ma= PL
Shear Force Diagram/ Bending Moment Diagram

• To calculate internal forces, take section at

distance x from B, now as per definition of shear
force, shear force at X is unbalanced vertical force
on right or left of the section.
• Therefore SF x= + P -----------------------I
• Similarly as per definition of bending moment,
bending moment at section X is the algebric sum
of moments to the left or right of the section.
• BM x= -P x --------------------------II
Shear force diagram/ Bending moment
diagram
• From the equation of shear force at x, it is
observed that the shear force is constant. i.e..
independent of x and so, value of shear force
at any point between A & B remains P.
Similarly from the equation of bending
moment at ‘x’ it is observed that bending
moment is directly proportional to distance
and so at point B where x is zero, bending
moment is zero and at point A where x= L,
bending moment is – PL.
 P
Ma

R aH
A B
Lm

X
P
PL
R aV X

0
A B
Lm

X
P
 P
PL R aV X

A B
Lm

X
P P

A B
S.F.D
A B

PL
B.M.D
 Cantilever Beam
Case –II
Uniformly Distributed Load
• Consider a cantilever beam AB of length L with
fixed support at A and B is free end and
subjected to uniformly distributed load. At
fixed end ‘A’ there are three reaction , one
vertical, one horizontal, and one moment.
These reactions can be calculated by using
conditions of equilibrium.
 Uniformly Distributed Load
Ma

W KN/m
R aH
A B
Lm

R aV X
WL2/2
W KN/m
0
A B
Lm

X
WL
 Applying conditions of equilibrium
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R aH =0
• As there is no other horizontal force therefore
• R aH = 0
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R av = WL --------------------I
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• Ma= W x L x L/2
• Thus for a Cantilever beam carrying
uniformly distributed load, the reactions are
• R aH= 0
• R aV = WL
• Ma= WL2/2
 Shear Force Diagram/ Bending
Moment Diagram
• To calculate internal forces, take section at
distance x from B, now as per definition of shear
force, shear force at X is unbalanced vertical force
on right or left of the section.
• Therefore SF x= + W x -----------------------I
• Similarly as per definition of bending moment,
bending moment at section X is the algebraic sum
of moments to the left or right of the section.
• BM x= -W x2/2 --------------------------II
Shear force diagram/ Bending moment
diagram
Ma

W KN/m
R aH
A B
Lm

R aV X
WL2/2
W KN/m
0
A B
Lm

X
WL
 X
WL2/2
W KN/m
0
A B
Lm
WL

X
WL
+

A B
S.F.D

-
WL2/2
Parabolic
Curve

B.M.D
 Case-III
Moment
• Consider a cantilever beam AB of length L with
end A as fixed and B as free and subjected to
couple M in clockwise direction at end B.
• Reaction at support can be found using
equilibrium conditions
 Applying conditions of equilibrium
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R aH =0
• As there is no other horizontal force therefore
• R aH = 0
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R av = 0
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• Ma= M
Shear force/ Bending moment diagram
• Shear force at section X, at a distance x from B,
SFx = 0 as there is no vertical load on either side
of the section.
• Bending moment at section X,
• BM x= -M----------------------------I
• As shear force is zero at all the point of beam,
shear force diagram is only a line indicating zero
shear force at all points.
• As the equation of bending moment shows the
value of bending moment constant at all points,
so bending moment diagram will be a rectangle.
 Moment
M

A B
Lm

Ma
X M

A B
Lm

X
Ma X
M

A B
Lm

X
P

A B
S.F.D
A B

M - M

B.M.D
 Case-IV
Uniformly varying load
• Consider a cantilever beam AB of length L with
A end as fixed and B end as free and subjected
to vertically downward uniformly varying load
with zero intensity at free end and w/ unit
length at fixed .
Cantilever beam carrying Uniformly
varying load

Ma W KN /m

R aH
Lm

R aV
Applying conditions of equilibrium
• Reaction at support can be found using equilibrium
conditions
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R aH =0
• As there is no other horizontal force therefore
• R aH = 0
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R av = ½ W x L
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• Ma= ½ W x L x L/3
• Ma= WL2/6
Shear force/ Bending moment diagram
• Total load of triangle acts in the centre of the
triangle and is at L/3 from A and 2/3L from B,
so moment due to triangular load at A is total
load of triangle multiplied by distance of
centre from A.
• WL/2 x L/3= W L2/6--------------------I
• For calculation of SF and BM, consider only triangular
load, while on left side of the section there are
reactions, and trapezoidal load. So calculation from
right side is comparatively easy.
• Now at distance L height of triangle is W so at distance
x i.e.. at section x height of triangle or intensity of load
is Wx/L,
• Now shear force at a section will be
• SFx= ½ WX /L x X
• SFx= WX2/2L-------------------I
• Substituting the value of X= 0, we get
• SF x= 0 at Free end
• Substituting the value of X= L, we get
• SF X=WL/2 at Fixed End
 Shear force and bending moment
diagram
X
M a= WL2/6 W KN /m X

R aH= 0
Lm

X
Wx/L
R aV= WL/2
X Parabolic
W L/2 Curve
+

A B
S.F.D
 Bending Moment
• Bending moment at x is BMx= - (WX/L x X/2) x
(X/3)
• BMx= Wx3/6L--------------------------II
• Substituting value of x i.e.. for point B, x= 0
and for point A, x=L in equation of shear force
and bending moment and shear force value
can be calculated.
• BM x at free end= 0
• BM x at fixed end= WL2/6
 M a= WL2/6 W KN /m X

R aH= 0
Lm

R aV= WL/2
X Parabolic
W L/2 Curve
+

A B
S.F.D

-
WL2/6
Cubic
B.M.D Curve
 Example
• A cantilever beam ABC with end A fixed and
subjected to point loads at B & C. Calculate
the values of shear force and bending
moment at all important points and draw
shear force and bending moment diagrams.
 Example

20 KN 15 KN

A B C
3m 2m
 Reactions
• Reaction at support can be found using equilibrium conditions
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R aH =0
• As there is no other horizontal force therefore
• R aH = 0
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R av = 20 + 15
• Rav= 35 KN
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• Ma= 20 x 3 + 15 x 5
• Ma= 135 KN.m
 M a= 135 kN.m 20 KN 15 KN

R aH= 0
A B C
3m Lm 2m

R aV= 35 KN

35 KN 35 KN

+
15 KN 15 KN

A B C 0 KN
SFD
Shear force/ Bending moment diagram
• SF calculation
• SF Rc= 0 KN
• SF Lc= 15 KN
• SF Rb= 15 KN
• SF Lb= 15 + 20
• SF Lb= 35 KN
• SF Ra= 35 KN
• SF La= 35 -35= 0
 M a= 135 kN.m 20 KN 15 KN

R aH= 0
A B C
3m Lm 2m

R aV= 35 KN

A 3m B 2m C

30 KNm

BMD

135 KNm
 Bending Moment Calculation
• For Point load, calculate bending moment at
the point where it acts,
• B M c= 0
• BM b = -15 x 2 = - 30 KNm
• BM Ra= -15 x 5- 20 x 3= -135 KNm
• BM La= -15 x 5 – 20 x 3+135= 0
 Example
• A cantilever beam ABCD with fixed support at
A and subjected to UDL on BC section.
Calculate the values of shear force and
bending moment at all important points and
draw shear force and bending moment
diagrams.
 Example

10 KN

5 KN/m

A B C C
1m 4m 2m
 Reactions
• Applying conditions of equilibrium
• Reaction at support can be found using equilibrium conditions
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R aH =0
• As there is no other horizontal force therefore
• R aH = 0
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R av = 5 x 4 + 10
• Rav= 30 KN
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• Ma= 10 x 7 + 5 x 4 x 3
• Ma= 130 KN.m
 Reactions

M a= 130 kN.m 10 KN

5 KN/m

R aH= 0 A B C D
1m 4m 2m

R aV= 30 KN
 Shear force diagram
M a= 130 kN.m 10 KN

5 KN/m

R aH= 0 A B C D
1m 4m 2m

R aV= 30 KN

30 KN 30 KN

10 KN 10 KN

+
0 KN
A B C D
SFD
 Shear force diagram
• Calculate shear force on both sides of
concentrated force i.e.. at DR, DL, AR and AL
• And at beginning and at end of uniformly
distributed load i.e.. B & C.
• SF DR= 0
• SF DL= 10 KN
• SF C= 10 KN
• SF B= 10 + 5 x 4= 30 KN
• SF AR= 10 + 20= 30 KN
• SF AL= 30 – 30= 0 KN
 Bending Moment Diagram
M a= 130 kN.m 10 KN

5 KN/m

R aH= 0 A B C D
1m 4m 2m

R aV= 30 KN
D
B C
0 KN.m

20 KN.m Straight
line
B 100 KN.m
Parabolic
130 KN.m Straight BMD Curve
line
 Bending Moment Diagram
• Calculate bending moment at the points where
concentrated load acts, i.e.. at beginning and at
end of udl i. e. at C and B and at AR and AL
• BMD= 0
• B M C= -10 x 2= -20 KNm
• BM B=-10 x 6 – (5 x 4 x 3)= -100 KNm
• BM AR= -10 x 7- ( 5 x 4 x 3)= -130 KNm
• BM AL= -130 + 130= 0
 Example
• Draw shear force and bending moment
diagram for beam shown in fig (GTU 2009)

20 KN 30 KN

10 KN/m

A B C D E
3m 4m 2m

2m
 Reactions
• Applying conditions of equilibrium
• Reaction at support can be found using equilibrium conditions
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R aH =0
• As there is no other horizontal force therefore
• R aH = 0
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R av = 30 + 20 + 10 x 4
• Rav= 90 KN
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• Ma= 10 x 4 x 5 + 20 x 5 + 30 x 9
• Ma= 570 KN.m
 Reactions

M a= 570 kN.m 20 KN 30 KN

10 KN/m

R aH= 0 A B C D E
3m 4m 2m

2m

R aV=90 KN
 Shear force diagram

• SF Calculations:
• SF ER= 0
• SF EL= + 30 KN
• SF D= 30 KN
• SF CR= 30 + 10 x 2= 50 KN
• SF CL= 30 + 10 x 2 + 20 = 70 KN
• SF B= 30 + 10 x 4 + 20 = 90 KN
• SF AR= 90 KN
• SF AL= 0 KN
M a= 570 kN.m 20 KN 30 KN

10 KN/m

A B C D E
3m 4m 2m

2m

R aV=90 KN
90 KN 90 KN

70 KN

50 KN 30 KN
30 KN
+
0 KN
A B C D E

SFD
 Bending Moment Diagram
20 KN 30 KN

10 KN/m

A B C D E
3m 4m 2m

2m
E

-
D
60 KN.m
C
B 140 KN.m
300 KN.m
BMD

Parabolic
Straight Curve
570 KN.m line
A
 Bending moment diagram
• BM Calculation:
• BM E= 0
• BM D= -30 x 2= -60 KN m
• BM C= -30 x 4 – 10 x 42 x 1= -140 KN m
• BM B= -30 x 6 – 10 x 4 x 2 – 20 x 2= -300 KN m
• BM AR= -30 x 9 -10 x 4 x 5 -20 x 5= - 570 KN m
• BM AL= -30 x 9 -10 x 4 x 5 -20 x 5+570= 0KN m
 Example
• A Cantilever beam ABCD with fixed support at
A and subjected to uniformly varying load and
concentrated load as shown in fig. Calculate
shear force, bending moment at all important
points and draw SFD and BMD.
 Example

15 KN
Ma 10 KNm

R aH A B C D
2m 3m 1m

R aV
 Reactions
• Applying conditions of equilibrium
• Reaction at support can be found using equilibrium conditions
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R aH =0
• As there is no other horizontal force therefore
• R aH = 0
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R av = ½ 10 x 3 + 15
• Rav= 30 KN
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• Ma= ½ x 10 x 3 x ( 2/3 x 3+2) + 15 x 6
• Ma= 150 KN.m
 Reactions

15 KN
M a= 150 KNm 10 KNm

R aH= 0
A 2m B 3m C 1m D

R aV= 30 KN
 Shear force diagram
• SF Calculation:
• SF DR= 0
• SF DL= + 15 KN
• SF C= 15 KN
• SF B= 15 + ( ½ 10 x 3) = + 30 KN
• SF AR= + 15 + ( ½ 10 x 3) = + 30 KN
• SF AL= + 30 – 30= 0
 Shear Force Diagram
10 KNm 15 KN
M a= 150 KNm

R aH= 0 A B C D
2m 3m 1m

Parabolic
30 KN 30 KN Curve

15 KN 15 KN

0 KN
A B C D

SFD
 Bending Moment
• Bending moment calculation:
• BM D= 0
• BM C= -15 x 1= -15 KN m
• BM B = - 15 x 4 – [ ½ 10 x 3 x ( 2/3 x 3)]= -90 KN m
• BM AR= - 15 x 6 – [ ½ 10 x 3 x ( 2 + 2/3 x 3)]=
-150 KN m
• BM AL= - 15 x 6 – [ ½ 10 x 3 x ( 2 + 2/3 x 3)]+ 150=
0 KN m
 10 KNm 15 KN
M a= 150 KNm

R aH= 0
A B C D
2m 3m 1m

A B C D

15 KN.m

90 KN.m

Cubic Curve
Straight BMD
150 KN.m
line
 Example
• A Cantilever beam ABCD is having fixed end at
A. A horizontal load is acting on beam through
rigid bracket at B, and uniformly distributed
load on CD as shown in fig. Calculate value of
shear force & bending moment at all
important points
 Example

20 KN
20 KN/m
0.5 m
A B
2m 1m C 3m D

M a= 280 KN m
10 KN m
20 KN/m
20 KN 0.5 m 20 KN
R aH= -20 KN A B
2m 1m C 3m D

FBD
R aV= 60 KN
 FBD

M a= 280 KN m
10 KN m
20 KN/m
20 KN
R aH= -20 KN A B
2m 1m C 3m D

FBD
R aV= 60 KN
 Reactions
• As on the beam load is acting through bracket at B, first the effect of load on
beam ar B is to be calculated. The horizontal load acting at some distance
from axis of beam at pt B, horizontal load of 20 KN at B will accompany a
couple of 20 x 0.5 = 10 KNm.
• Applying conditions of equilibrium
• Reaction at support can be found using equilibrium conditions
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R aH =-20 KN
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R av = 20 x 3
• Rav= 60 KN
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• Ma= 20 x 3 x 4.5 + 10
• Ma= 280 KN.m
 Shear Force Diagram
• Shear force Calculation:
• SF D= 0
• SF C= 20 x 3 = 60 KN
• SF B= 60 KN
• SF AR= 60 KN
• SF AL= 0
 Shear Force Diagram
M a= 280 KN m
10 KN m
20 KN/m
20 KN
R aH= -20 KN A B
2m 1m C 3m D

FBD
R aV= 60 KN

60 KN 60 KN

0 KN
A B C D
SFD
 Bending Moment Diagram
• Bending Moment Calculation:
• BM D=0
• BM C= - ( 20 x 3 x 3/2)= -90 KN m
• BM BR= - ( 20 x 3 x ( 1 + 3/2))= -150 KN m
• BM BL= - 150 -10= -160 KN m
• BM AR= - ( 20 x 3 x ( 3 + 3/2)- 10)= -280 KN m
• BM AL= -280 + 280= 0
 Bending Moment Diagram
M a= 280 KN m
10 KN m
20 KN/m
20 KN
R aH= -20 KN A B
2m 1m C 3m D

FBD
R aV= 60 KN

A B C D
0 KN m

-
90 KN m
150 KN m

160 KN m

Parabolic
280 KN m Straight BMD
Curve
 Axial load diagram
A B C D
20 KN Tension

AFD
 Simply supported Beam
• A beam with hinge support at one end and
roller support at the other end and subjected
to transverse load is known as simply
supported beam
 Case-I Point Load
• Consider a simply supported beam ABC with
hinge support at A, roller support at C and
subjected to vertical download concentrated
load of ‘P’ at point B which is at ‘a’ distance
from support A and at ‘b’ distance from
support C. Distance between support A and C
is ‘L’ which is known as span of the beam.
 Case-I Point Load
P

a b

L
P

RAH c
a b

RAV RB
a b

L
 Reactions
• Applying conditions of equilibrium
• Reaction at support can be found using equilibrium conditions
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R AH =0 KN
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R AV + RB= P---------------------------I
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• = P x a- RB x L
• RB= Pa/L , substituting the value in eq-I
• RAV= P- Pa/L
• RAV= P b/L
• Therefore,
• RAV= Pa/L
• RB= Pb/L
 Shear force Diagram
• Shear force Calculation:
• SF CR= 0
• SF CL= -Pa/L
• SF BR= -Pa/L
• SF BL= -Pa/L+ P= Pb/L
• SF AR= Pb/L
• SF AL= Pb/L- Pb/L= 0
 P

RAH c
a b

Pb/L Pa/L
a b

Pb/L
+
b c
a
- Pa/L

SFD
 Bending Moment Diagram
• Depending on type of force select where BM
is to be calculated. For concentrated forces,
BM should be calculated at the point of
application of forces.
• BM c= 0
• BM b= Pa/L x b= P ab/L
• BM a= Pa/L x L- P x a = 0
 P

RAH c
a b

Pb/L Pa/L
a b

P ab/L

a b c

BMD
 Case-II Uniformly Distributed load
• Consider a simply supported beam AB of span
‘L’ and subjected to uniformly distributed load
w per unit length as shown in fig.

W / unit length

a
b

L
 Reactions
W / unit length

a
b

W / unit length
RAH
a
b
RAV RB
L
 Reactions
• Applying conditions of equilibrium
• Reaction at support can be found using equilibrium conditions
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R AH =0 KN
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R AV + RB=WL---------------------------I
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• = W x L x L/2- RB x L
• RB= WL/2 , substituting the value in eq-I
• RAV= WL- WL/2
• RAV= WL/2
• Therefore,
• RAV= WL/2
• RB= WL/2
 Shear force Diagram
• Calculation of SF on both the sides of the
concentrated force.
• SF BR= 0
• SF BL= - WL/2
• SFAR= -WL/2 + WL= WL/2
• SF AL= + WL/2= - WL/2
• At a Point between A & B, SF diagram changes
sign. At this point BM will be maximum, so its
distance should be calculated.
 Shear force Diagram
• Take a section X at distance x from B as shown in fig
and equation of shear force is.
• SF x= WL/2 + Wx
• To get the point where Shear force is Zero,
• SFx= -WL/2 + Wx= 0
x
• Therefore x= L/2
W / unit length
RAH a
x b

RAV L RB= WL/2

x
 Shear force Diagram
W / unit length
RAH= 0
a
b
RAV = WL/2 RB =
L WL/2

RA = WL/2
+

- RB = WL/2

SFD
 Bending Moment Diagram
• BM B= 0
• BM A= 0
• BM at point where SF changes sign i.e. at
point D= WL/2 x X- W X x X/2, eq n of BM
between A and B.
• BM C= WL/2 x L / 2- W L/ 2 x L / 4= W L2/ 8
 Bending Moment Diagram
W / unit length
RAH
a
b
RAV RB
L

2
WL /8

a b
0 c 0
 Case- III Couple or Moment
• Consider a simply supported beam ABC
subjected to Couple or concentrated moment
‘M’

A B
Lm

a b
 Reactions
• Apply equilibrium conditions for reactions,
• Reaction at support can be found using equilibrium conditions
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R AH =0 KN
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R AV + RB=0---------------------------I
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• = RB x L - M= 0
• RB= M/L , substituting the value in eq-I
• RAV= -M/L
• RAV= -M/L
• Therefore,
• RAV= -M/L (- ve sign indicates reaction will act in opposite direction
to that assumed i.e.. in downward direction)
• RB= M/L
 Shear force diagram
• SFCR= 0
• SF CL= - M/L
• SF B= - M/L
• SF AR= - M/L
• SF AL= - M/L + M/L= 0
 Shear force diagram
M

A B
Lm
RAV= - M/ L RB= M/ L
a b

RAV= - M/ L - RB= M/ L
 BM Calculation
• As at B there is a concentrated moment, on
both the sides i.e.. just eight and just left of B,
calculating bending moment,
• BM c= 0
• BM BR= + M/L x b= + Mb/L
• BM BL= Mb/L- M = M( b/L- 1) = M (b- L)/L
• BM BL= -Ma/ L
• BM A= M/L x L – M = 0
Bending Moment Diagram
M

A B
L= a + b m

a b

+ Mb/L
+
A B
- - Ma/L

BMD
 Case- IV
Uniformly Varying Load
• Consider a simply supported beam AB of span
L, subjected to uniformly varying load with
zero intensity at B and maximum w per unit
length at A as shown
W / unit length

a
b

L
 Reactions
• Apply equilibrium conditions for reactions,
• Reaction at support can be found using equilibrium conditions
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R AH =0 KN
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R AV + RB= WL/2---------------------------I
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• = RB x L - W L /2 x L/3= WL/6
• RB= WL/6 , substituting the value in eq-I
• RAV= WL/2- WL/6
• RAV= WL/3
• Therefore,
• RAV= WL/3
• RB= WL/6
 Shear Force Calculation
• SF BR= 0
• SF BL= -WL/6
• SF AR= - WL/6 + WL/2= w L/ 3
• SF AL= WL/3 – W L/3 = 0
• At point c between A & B, SF changes sign. At this point
BM will be maximum and its location should be
calculated
• To find location of ‘C’, take section between B and C as
shown, and eq of SF at this section is,
• SF x= - W L/ 6 + ( W X/ L x X/2)
• SF x= 0 therefore, WL/ 6- W X 2/ 2L= 0
• Therefore X= L/ √3
 Shear Force Diagram
W / unit length

a
b

L/ √3
WL/3
+
WL/6
-

SFD
 Bending Moment Calculation
• BMB= 0
• BMA= 0
• BM at any section between A and B is,
• BMx= w L x/ 6 – ( ½ x W X/2 x X) x ( X/3 )
• BMx = W L X / 6 - W X 3/ 6 L
• To find maximum BM at C substitute X= L/ √3 in
eq of BM.
• BMc= w L/ 6 x L/ √3 – W L 3/ 18 √3 L= W L 2 / 9 √3
• BMc= W L 2 / 9 √3
 Bending Moment Diagram

a b
WL/3 WL/6
L

W L 2 / 9 √3

a c b

BMD
 Examples
• For the beam as shown, Calculate shear force
and bending moments at salient points and
draw shear force and bending moment
diagrams ( GTU DEC 2008)

80 KN
50 KN
30 KN/m

RAH a d
b 2m C 2m
40 KN-m
RAV 8m Rd
 Reactions
• Apply equilibrium conditions for reactions,
• Reaction at support can be found using equilibrium conditions
• ΣF x = 0
• i.e.. R aH =0 KN
• Applying second condition of equilibrium,
• ΣF y = 0, we get
• R aV + Rd= 30 x 4 + 50 + 80= 250 KN---------------------------I
• Applying third condition of equilibrium,
• ΣM a = 0, we get,
• = 30 x 4 x 2 + 50 x 4 + 40 + 80 x 6- Rd x 8= 0
• Rd= 120 KN, substituting the value in eq-I
• RaV= 250- 120 KN
• RaV= 130 KN
• Therefore,
• RaV= 130 KN
• Rd= 120 KN
 Shear Force Calculation
• SF DR= 0
• SFDL= -120 KN
• SF CR= -120 KN
• SF CL= -120 + 80 = -40 KN
• SF BR= -120 + 80 = -40 KN
• SF BL= -120 + 80 + 50= 10 KN
• SF AR= -120 + 80 + 50 + 30 x 4= 130 KN
• SF AL = 0
 Shear Force Diagram
130 KN

+ 10 KN

B C D
A
-
40 KN

120 KN 120 KN

SFD
 Bending moment calculation
• BM D= 0
• BM C= 120 x 2= 240 KNm
• BM BR= 120 x 4 – 80 x 2= 320 KNm
• BM BL= 120 x 4- 80 x 2 – 40= 280 KNm
• BM A= 0
Bending Moment Diagram
Parabolic 320 KN m
Curve
240 KN m
+ 280 KN m
A D
B C

BMD