Separate Mixtures Through

Handpicking and Decantation

1. Gelatin - Colloid
2. Salt and Water - Solution
3. Sand and Water - Suspension
4. Milk - Colloid
5. Oil and Sedements - Suspension

 There are various methods of separating mixtures that are commonly found in the surroundings.
 Handpicking is a convenient method of separating substances when the quantity of impurities is
usually not very large this method of handpicking can be use for mixtures whose components
differ in size.
 Decantation - is a process of separating mixtures by removing a layer of liquid generally one form
which a participation has settled.
 A mixture of an insoluble solid in liquid is allowed to stand. If the solid in liquid, it will settle at
the bottom if kept undistribled in one time.

1. Production of milk - Evaporation

2. Removing the sediments from red wine to achieve a better taste - Decantation

3. Removing oil spill in the bodies of water - Decantation

4. Production of concentrated juice drinks - Decantation

5. Washing rice grains before cooking it - Decantation

 Filtration is the process of separating suspend solid matter from a liquid by causing the latter to
pass through the pores some substances, called a filter. The liquid which has passed though the
filty is called filliate. The filter may be paper, cloth, cotton wood, asbestos slag or glass-wool,
unglazed earthware sand or other porous.

Benefits of Separating Mixtures

Through Filtration

 Clean safe water is vital for everyday life. Water is essential for health hygiene and the
productivity of our community.
 Water purification is the process of removing underisable chemical biological contaminants
suspended solids and gases from water.
 The goal is to produce water for a specific purpose. Most water is disinfect.
  Filtration - sendiments and distillation biological process such as slow sand fitters or biologically
active carbon filtration.
 Water flows through a filter designed to removed particles in the water the filters are made of
layers of sand and gravel.

Matter

Matter - is anything that occupies space and has mass.

 Four States of matter

1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
4. Plasma
 States of matter
1. Based upon particle arrangement.
2. Based upon energy of particles.
3. Based upon distance between particles.

Kinetic Theory of Matter

Matter is made up of particles which are in conditual random motion.

1. Solids
 Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
 Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.

2. Liquid

 Particles of liquid are tightly packed , but are far enough apart of to slide over one another
 Liquids have an indefinite shape and definite volume.

3. Gas

 Particles of gases are very far apart and mobe forcely.

 Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

4. Plasma
  A plasma is an ionized gas.
 A plasma is a very good conduction of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
 A plasma like gases shape and an indefinite volume.

Assignment

1. Anything that occupies space and has mas is ( energy, matter, force.)

2. Matter which has a definite shape is a ( solid, liquid, gas).

3. Matter which often cannot be seen but occupies space and has mass is a (solid, liquid, gas)

4. Matter which flows and takes shape of it's container is a ( solid, liquid, gas)

5. Matter consists of tiny particles called (molecules, elements, properties)

Remember the Following

1. Homogeneous mixtures
 a solid, liquid or gaseous mixture.
 is a mixture which has uniform composition. The properties are blended together and
every part of the mixture is the same.
Examples: vinegar and soysauce, sugar and water, salt and water.

2. Heterogeneous mixture

 are mixtures which has noun uniform composition. The particles of materials can still be
identified.
Examples: halo-halo, sand and pebbles, oil and water, pizza air and dust particles.

3. Matter

 is anything that occupies space and mass.

Examples: pencil, notebook, chalk

 Solutions are homogeneous mixtures having two or more components uniformly distributed.
 Solutions are formed when are substance dissolve it breaks down into molecules. These
molecules mix with another substance.
  A mixture in which the particles of a solute separate from a liquid or gas slowly is called
SUSPENSION.
 You can readily see that a suspension is a mixture of two different substance.
 A suspension has a special characteristic when a beam light is shown through it, the path is
called the Tyndall Effect. It occurs because the suspended particles reflect and scatter the light.

COLLOID

 is a mixture that exhibits both properties of liquid. Colloidal particles do not settle but remain
disfered throughout the medium. Colliod comes from the Greek world "Kolla" which means give.
Familiar colloidal are rubber plastics, synthetic fiber gelatin and foam.
Examples of Colloid:
Aerosols
 fog, insecticides spray, clouds, smoke, dust foam
 whipped cream, shaving cream, solid foams
 marshmallows, styrofoam, emulsions
 milk, mayonnaise, lotion

Factors Affecting Solubility

 Manner of stirring
 Nature of solute and solvent
 Temperature of the solvent
 Amount of the solute
 Size of the solute particles
 Miscibility of the substance

Solubility - is the abily of an solute to dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature. Usually the higher the
temperature, the faster a solute can be dissolve in a solvent. The nature of solute and the amount of
solvent also determine how fast the solute dissolve in a solvent. The size of the particles affects the
dissolving process. The finer the particles are the faster the solute dissolves. The manner of stirring is
also a factor to dissolve a solute in a solvent.

Valuting:

 Patrick eats his meal regularly and drink water after eating. But he feels pain every time he
removed his bowel because of constipation. How much water will he take everyday? Why?
Miscibility - is another factor that affects.

MIXTURE - is a combination of 2 or more substances.

 Things to Bring:
1. 1 bottle of Acetone
2. Milk powder ( 5tbsp)
3. Black pepper (3packs)
4. Alcohol (1 bottle)
5. Water
6. Oil (5tbsp)
7. Plastic cups (5pcs)
8. Plastic spoons ( 4pcs)
9. Shoe box
10. Yellow Cartolina
11. Plastic cover
12. Pentel pen
13. Rugs

Heterogeneous Mixtures

 is a mixture which has non-uniform composition.

 the particles can be separated by filtration
 the particles are visible by the naked eye.
 the mixture is unstable (particles settle down)

Homogeneous Mixtures

 is a mixture which has uniform composition.

 the particles cannot be separated by filtration.
 the particles of the mixtures are not visible by naked eye.
 the mixture is stable ( particles do not settle down)

MIXTURE:

 A mixture is a combination of two or more substance without any chemical changes or reaction
 Mixtures are formed by mixing substance physically.
 The components of mixture can combine in any amount or proportion.
 Some liquids when mixed with water cannot be distinguished anymore.
 Other liquid when mixed with water make the water cloudly.
 Some solids when mixed with other solid can still be distinguished.

Draw a happy face (�) if the statement is true and sad face (�) if the statement is false.

1. All liquid when mixed with water dissolve completely.

 2. Mixtures are formed by combining two or more substances physically.
3. Not all solid when mixed with liquid
4. Some solid
5. All solid dissolve mixed with solid

Solutions, Colliloid and Suspension are kinds of mixtures.

1. Solutions

 are homogeneous mixtures having two or more components uniformly distributed.

 are formed when one substance is dissolved, it breaks down into molecules mix with other
molecules of another substances.

2. Suspension

 a mixture in which the particles of a solute separate from a liquid or gas slowly.
 has a special light that is shown through it, the path of light becomes clearly visible. This
phenomenon is called by Tyndall Effect. It occurs because the suspended particles reflect and
scatter the light.

3. Colloid

 is a mixture that exhibits both properties of liquid and solid.

 comes from the Greek word Kolla which means give. Familiar colloid are rubber, plastics,
synthetic fibers, gelatin and foam.

Bring the following:

 Dingdong (5pcs)
 Plastic cup (1)
 Paper plate (1)
 Sand (1/2 cup)
 Nail (10pcs)
 Cooking oil (3tbsp)
 Plastic spoon (1)
  Plastic Strainer

WINNOWING - is used to separate heavier and lighter component of a mixture by blowing the air.

SIEVING - is a simple technique for separating particles of different sizes.

o A sieve such as used for shifting flour has very small holes. Coarse particles are separated or
brocken up by grinding against another and screen openings. Depending upon the types of
particles to be separated sieves with different types of holes are used.
o are also used to separate stones from sand.

 Decantation can also be used for liquid mixtures.

 It is used when separating twocor more immiscible liquids
 Once the mixture components have separated by forming layer between them in a container,
the lighter liquid is poured off leaving the heavier liquid behind.

EVAPORATION

 Is the process of which water changes to liquid to gas.

 The homogeneous liquid mixed is heated to let the water evaporate.
 The solid has been dissolved becomes solid against and it's left on the evaporating dish.

FILTRATION

 is the process of separating suspended solid matter from the liquid by causing the latter to pass
through the pores of some substances called filter. The liquid which has passed through the filter
is called filtrate. The filter may be paper, cloth, cotton, wool asbestos or glass wool.
 Clean safe water is vital for everyday life. Water is essential for health hygiene and the
productivity of our community.
 Water purification is the process of removing underisable chemical biological contaminants
suspended solids and gases from water.
 The goal is to produce water for a specific purpose. Most water is disinfect for human
consumption (drinking water)

10 Reasons to Filter Your Own Water

 1. Drinking water is essential to your health.
2. Filtrated water is more affordable than bottled water.
3. Filtrated water is healthier than disttled water alkaline water and vitamin waters.
4. Filtrated water tasted better than the tap water.
5. Filtrated water protects the body from ciesses and leads to overall better to health.
6. Filtered water removes cyrptosporidum and guardia from drinking water helping to reduce
the risk of gastroindustrial disease by more than 33%.
7. Filtered water is important for children's developing immune system.
8. Water filters are at the last line of defense between the body and over 2000 know.

 The food and beverage industry utilize filtration to remove unwanted elements while
maintaining the taste integrity of products such as fruit and vegetables, juice and milk, non-
alcoholic beers and water.

MAGNETIC SEPARATION

 Is the process wherein magnetically susceptible materials are extracted from mixture.
 Objects that have magnetic properties depending on its composition. There is a common
misconception that magnet attract all metals largely due to the iniquity of steel in metal
products.
1. It is a convenient method of separating substances when the components of the mixture
differ in size.
a) Handpicking
b) Decantation