A STUDY ON ATTITUDE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE

TO PERUMBAVOOR AREA

PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to Mahatma Gandhi University

In partial fulfilment for the Award of Degree of

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE

By

IRINE SHIBU

( Reg No: 140021005289)

MANJUSHA MOHANAN

( Reg. No : 140021005291 )

RADHIKA M.P

( Reg. No : 140021005292 )

Final Year B.com

Under the supervision of

SUCHITHRA . A

Department of Commerce

SREE SANKARA VIDYAPEETOM COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

VALAYANCHIRANGARA

2014-2017
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

SREE SANKARA VIDYAPEETOM COLLEGE

Sreesankarapurum, Valayanchirangara P.O

Perumbavoor, Kerala, PIN: 683556

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “ A STUDY ON ATTITUDE
OF COLLEGE STUDENTS TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH
REFERENCE TO PERUMBAVOOR AREA” is a record of original work done
jointly by Ms. IRINE SHIBU, (Reg.No:140021005289), Ms. MANJUSHA MOHANAN,
( Reg. No: 140021005291), Ms. RADHIKA M.P, (Reg.No:140021005292), in the partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of BACHELOR OF COMMERCE under the
guidance of Mrs. SUCHITHRA. A , Asst. Professor, Department of Commerce. It is
further certified that this project report or any part thereof has not been submitted elsewhere
for any other Degree.

Signature of the H.O.D Signature of the Principal Signature of the Guide

Prof. Dr. P.J. Sebastian Prof. R. Krishnakumar Mrs. Suchithra.A

Place: Valayanchirangara

Date:
 DECLARATION

We, IRINE SHIBU, MANJUSHA MOHANAN , RADHIKA M.P declare that this

project entitled “ A STUDY ON ATTITUDE OF COLLEGE STUDENTS TOWARDS

ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH REFERENCE TO PERUMBAVOOR AREA” is

prepared by us under the supervision of SUCHITRA , Department of Commerce,

Sree Sankara Vidyapeetom College, Valayanchirangara . We further declare that this

project work has not been submitted by us for the award of any Degree, Diploma or other

similar title or recognition.

Place: Valayanchirangara

Date: IRINE SHIBU

MANJUSHA MOHANAN

RADHIKA M.P
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

On the successful completion of our project we feel deeply interpreted to

many. First of all we thank the Lord Almighty, for being with us throughout the period of

the project work.

We proudly utilize this opportunity to express our deep sense of

gratitude to Mrs. Suchitra.A , Asst. Professor , Department of Commerce, and

DR. P.J.Sebastian , Head of the Department of Commerce, for the kind assistance and

guidance given to us for the preparation of this project.

We express our sincere thanks to our principal Prof. R. Krishnakumar

for all the encouragement and help extended to us during this course of our project.

Finally, we express our heartful thanks to our parents and friends for their

kind help and support. We thank all those people who directly or indirectly helped us to

complete the study.

IRINE SHIBU

MANJUSHA MOHANAN

RADHIKA M.P
 LIST OF CONTENTS
PAGE NO.

CHAPTER - 1 INTRODUTION

CHAPTER -2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER -3 ANALYSIS AND

INTREPRETATION

CHAPTER -4 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS

AND CONCLUSIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANNEXURE
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO: TITLE PAGE NO:

3.1 Gender Distribution

3.2 Age Distribution

3.3 Residing Area

Distribution

3.4 Area of Study

3.5 Career Distribution

3.6 Experience wise

Distribution

3.7 Attitude Dimensions

3.8 Awareness Norms

3.9 Difference in Attitude

3.10 Quality of an
Entrepreneur
3.11 Entrepreneurial
Environment

3.12 Mean Score

 LIST OF CHARTS

CHART NO: TITLE PAGE NO:

3.5 Career Distribution

3.6 Experience wise

Distribution

3.7 Attitude Dimensions

3.8 Awareness Norms

3.9 Difference in Attitude

3.10 Quality of an
Entrepreneur

3.11 Entrepreneurial
Environment
 CHAPTERISATON

CHAPTER 1: Introduction: This chapter gives introduction to topic under

this study.

CHAPTER 2: Review of literature and Theoretical framework

CHAPTER 3: Data analysis and interpretation: This chapter consists of

Analysis and interpretation of data with available tools.

CHAPTER 4: Findings, conclusion and suggestions: This chapter covers

the summary of findings, suggestions and conclusions

 CHAPTER- 1
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

An entrepreneur is a person who organises and operates a business concern for the

purpose of making profit . He is a specially talented person having the qualities of skill,

initiative and an insight of innovation to achieve high goals. He looks for opportunities,

identities and seizes them for making economic gains. Entrepreneurs play a vital role in the

economic development of a country. The economic progress of a country depends primarily

on the success or failure of the entrepreneurial development in that country.

Entrepreneurs play a vital role in the economic development of a country.

The economic resources alone will not produce development. There should be

dynamic entrepreneurs with vision, initiative and drive to make changes in the economic

field. It is very often said that “India is a rich country inhabited by the poor”. India is

endowed with plenty of natural resources and good climate . Inspire of these blessings, our

country is only a developing one . The main reason for this under development is the lack of

sufficient number of dynamic entrepreneurs . A country can achieve economic development

only when it is able to utilize its natural resources effectively .

Economic development essentially means a process of upward change by which

the real per capita income of a country increases over a long period of time. Entrepreneurship

is a very significant factor which brings about this change .

 The word ‘entrepreneur’ is derived from the French word ‘entreprendre’ which

means ‘to undertake’. Originally it was meant to designate an organizer of musical or other

entertainments. In the early sixteenth century it was applied to those who were engaged in

military expedictions. It was extended to cover civil engineering activities such as

construction and fortification in the seventeenth century. It was only in the beginning of the

eighteenth century that the word was used to refer to economic activities. Thus, the concept

of entrepreneur is considered to be evolved about more than four centuries . Since then , the

term ‘entrepreneur’ is used in various ways expressing various views.

 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Entrepreneurship is as old as civilisation. In India, a large number of people, particularly

youth, are seeking entrepreneurship as a career option. Increasing number of

unemployed youths are getting attracted to entrepreneurship and are planning to set

up their own business venture. Moreover, students are less interested in becoming an

entrepreneur this is because of lack of security. The burning problems like chronic

unemployment , poverty, backwardness, etc. can be solved by development of

entrepreneurship in the country. As a matter of fact, entrepreneurship development is

considered as a vital factor for the economic development of our country.

In short, the development of entrepreneurship will optimise the use of

unused and available resources, generate self-employment, self- sufficiency of economy

and will bring all round economic prosperity in the country. Here the researcher aims at

studying the Attitude of college students towards Entrepreneurship in the Perumbavoor

area.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study is based on the following objectives :

 To study the attitude of the college students towards entrepreneurship.

 To understand the awareness of college students about entrepreneurship.

 To study the difference in attitude of college students towards entrepreneurship with

reference to their gender.

 Attitude of college students towards course of study.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

An entrepreneur is an inevitable ingredient of economic development. He acts as a

driving force for the performance of economic activities. It involves:

 Generating Employment Opportunities.

 To achieve a Balanced Regional Development for the nation.

 Encourages the effective utilisation of Capital and Natural resources.

 Promotes Export trade.

The study reflects on Attitude of college students towards

Entrepreneurship in the Perumbavoor area.

 METHODOLOGY

To conduct this project, both primary and secondary data were required.

(a) Primary Data: Questionnaires are used to collect primary data.

(b) Secondary Data : it is collected from the published sources, reference books and

e-sources.

Different tools were used for the analysis and interpretation of data. Tools used are as

follows;

 Tables

 Bar diagrams

 Pie diagrams

 Statistical tool - Mean

Sample Size

The respondents of the study consist of the Under Graduate and Post Graduate

students in the Perumbavoor area. A sample of 60 students has been selected for the

purpose of collecting primary data. Convenient sampling technique has been adopted

for selecting the sample.

 Period of Study

The period of study is the study conducted by the researcher from 1st Dec 2016

to 31st March 2017.

Limitations of the study

 Sampling has its own limitations which would have resulted in minor errors.

 There may be errors due to the bias of the respondents.

 The size of the sampling was not big enough to arrive at a strong conclusion.

 Limited time is also another limitation.

 CHAPTER -2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 Review of literature

Different authors have defined attitude, however, the elements that constitute these

definitions, are similar and complementary. Attitude is the degree or extent to which an

individual like or dislike something. Attitude is defined as the predisposition to respond

in a general favourable or unfavourable manner with respect to the object of attitude

Ajzen {1987}. According to Allport cited in Banu {1984} an attitude is a mental

neural state of readiness, organized through experience exerting a directive or dynamic

influence upon the individual`s response to all objects and situations with which it is related.

A study conducted by Shaik Karim and E.Lokandha Reddy , {2014} in Andhra

Pradesh observed that there exist a positive image of the entrepreneur and entrepreneur

ranked third as profession. In this study the attitude of the students measured by using the

variables likes perception of desirability, feasibility,Entrepreneur`s image, intention etc. Here

the researchers found students consider that create a firm at present is more difficult than past

decade.

The study conducted by Dr. Mohsin Shaikh,{2012} found the educational background of

the students influence the intention of students to become an entrepreneur. He also recognizes

age, autonomy, independence, self efficiency and ownership have a greater influence on the

intention to start venture. Another finding is that the likelihood of venturing into

Entrepreneurship decrease whiles the level of education increases.

According to Ammani Ammal and Dr. Malarmathi [2014] positive

attitude towards an entrepreneurial career depends up on the personal experience or the

family background. This study also reveals that the attitude in respect of entrepreneurship

Can influence by encouraging and training the students.

Leonidas A Zampetakis, Afrodite Anagnosti and Stelios Rozakais

[2013]reported that students` attitudes towards entrepreneurship are related to their intention

to start business and behavioural control is a strong predictor of intention.This study

investigated the role of anticipated emotional ambivalence in students’ entrepreneurial intent

and found anticipated emotions negatively affect entrepreneurial intent through perceived

behavioural control.

Ezekiel Obembe, Oluyinka Otesile, and Idy Ukpong [2014] conducted a

study of Cyprus universities.This study emphasis that capital, university education,survival

and familiarity are affects students’ Entrepreneurial perception and concluded that the

entrepreneurial students’perception is gender free.

Warren Byabashija, Issac Katono, and Robert Isbalija [2010] conducted

study reveals that the educations provided by college are insufficient.Also reveals the

students do not interested to become an entrepreneur because the family and friends do not

expect students to go into business after graduation.

According to Sofia Karali [2013] students, Who attended an entrepreneurship

education have higher entrepreneurial intention and the participants in education programme

have change in their attitude after education programme.

 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

DEFINITION OF ENTREPRENEUR

The term ‘entrepreneur’ was first used in the business field by Richard Cantillon, the French

economist. To him, an entrepreneur means a dealer who purchases the means of production

for combining them into marketable products.

According to Peter F Drucker “An entrepreneur is one who always searches for change,

responds to it, and exploits it as an opportunity. Innovation is the specific tool of

entrepreneurs, the means by which they exploit change as an opportunity for a different

business or service”.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Entrepreneurship is a multi-dimensional task defined differently by different scholars. For

some, entrepreneurship is ‘risk-bearing’, for some others, it is ‘innovating’ and for certain

others, it is ‘thrill-seeking’. Entrepreneurship is neither a science nor an art. It is a practice.

DEFINITION

A.H Coledifines entrepreneurship as “the purposeful activity of an individual or a group of

associated individuals, undertaken to initiate, maintain or aggrandise profit by production or

distribution of economic goods and services.

Schumpeter defines “entrepreneurship is based on purposeful and systematic innovation. It

included not only the independent business man but also company directors and managers

who actually carry out innovative functions”.

While John Kunkel considered entrepreneurship as a function of social, political and

economic structure. Max Weber treated it as a function of religious beliefs. The concept of

entrepreneurship involves four key elements. They are:

 Organising

 Risk-bearing

 Vision

 Innovating

Characteristics of Entrepreneurship

McClelland identifies two characteristics of entrepreneurship, viz.

i. Doing things in a new and better way, and

ii. Decision-making in conditions of uncertainty.

The main characteristics of entrepreneurship are as follows:

 Economic Activity

 Innovative Activity

 Creative and Purposeful Activity

 Organising Activity

 Risk-bearing Activity
Entrepreneurial Traits

For the successful completion of any job, the organizer should possess certain special

qualities. These qualities are known as traits or features. A successful entrepreneur must have

the following traits:

 Knowledge

 Skill

 Motive

 Mental Ability

 Clear Objectives

 Guarding of business secrets

 Capacity to interact with people

 Effective Communication

 Ability to mobilise resources

 Technical knowledge

 Risk-bearing

 Looking for opportunities

 Persistence

 Self Confidence

 Efficient Supervisor

 Hardworking mentality
 TYPES OF ENTREPRENEURS

Clarence Danhof classifies the entrepreneurs into the following four categories:-

 Innovative Entrepreneurs :- An innovative entrepreneur is one who introduces new

goods, and better combination of an enterprise. This type of entrepreneur is a rare

species in developing countries.

 Adoptive or Imitating Entrepreneurs:- Adoptive entrepreneurs are adopting or

imitating the successful innovations made by other entrepreneurs. These entrepreneurs

are the most suited for developing countries because such countries can adopt

technology, knowledge and skill already available in advanced countries.

 Fabian Entrepreneurs:- Fabian entrepreneurship is characterized by great caution in

introducing any change. These entrepreneurs are shy and lazy. Their dealings are

determined by customs, religion, tradition and past practices. Being not interested in

taking risks, they follow the foot steps of their predecessors.

 Drone Entrepreneurs:- A drone entrepreneurs are follows the traditional method of

production. In majority of cases, drone entrepreneurs are thrown out of market due to

poor marketability of their products.

Arthur H Cole, another behavioural scientist, has classified the entrepreneurs into three; viz.

empirical, rational, cognitive entrepreneurs.

 Empirical:- The empirical entrepreneur hardly introduces anything revolutionary and

follows the principle of rule of thumb.

  Rational :- The rational entrepreneur is well informed about the general economic

conditions. He introduces changes that look more revolutionary.

 Cognitive:- The cognitive entrepreneur is well informed. He drawn upon the advice

and services of experts and introduces changes that reflect a complete break-up from

the existing scheme of things.

The following are some more types of entrepreneurs listed by some other behavioural

scientists.

 Solo operators:- They prefer to do their work alone, and if needed they may employ a

few subordinates. In the beginning most of the entrepreneurs start their enterprises in

this form.

 Active Partners :- Active partners are those entrepreneurs who carry on their business

as a joint venture. All the partners take active part in the operations of the business.

 Inventors :- Inventors are those entrepreneurs who invent new products or new

method of production by utilizing their innovative competencies.

 Challengers:- These entrepreneurs plunge into industry because of the challenges it

presents.

 Buyers:- The buyers do not like to bear much risk. In order to reduce the risk in

setting up a new enterprise, they would like to purchase an on-going business.

 Life timers:- These entrepreneurs are inherited entrepreneurs. They consider their

business as an integral part of their life.

The entrepreneurs have also been classified on the basis of : a) Types of business, b) Use

of technology, c) Motivation, d) Growth, e) Stages of development & d) Scale of

operations.

a) On the basis of Types of Business

 Business entrepreneur

 Trading entrepreneur

 Industrial entrepreneur

 Corporate entrepreneur

 Agricultural entrepreneur

 Retail entrepreneur

 Service entrepreneur

b) On the basis of the Use of Technology

 Technical entrepreneur

 Non-technical entrepreneur

 Professional entrepreneur

 High-tech entrepreneur

 Low-tech entrepreneur

c)On the basis of Motivation

 Pure entrepreneur

 Induced entrepreneur

 Motivated entrepreneur
 d) On the basis of Growth

 Growth entrepreneur

 Super growth entrepreneur

e) On the basis of Stages of Development

 First generation entrepreneur

 Modern entrepreneur

 Classical entrepreneur

f) On the basis of Scale of Operations

 Small-scale entrepreneur

 Medium-scale entrepreneur

 Large-scale entrepreneur

Entrepreneurial Development Programme (EDP)

Entrepreneurial development is a systematic and organized activity. It act as a catalystic agent

for the development of an industry. Entrepreneurial Development Programme means any

programme which intends to develop entrepreneurship. The basic objective of an

entrepreneurial development programme is to motivate the job seekers to set up their own

business concerns and thereby become employers and not employees. It is based on the

concept that ‘entrepreneurs are not born, but they are developed through education and

training’.
 History of Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship is defined as the process of starting a business. Today, entrepreneurs

are romanticized as being the cornerstones of a successful capitalist economy. The

first big shift in entrepreneurship took place during the agricultural revolution, which

occurred about 12000 years ago. By specializing in different professions, members of

the community could trade valuable goods for food. Some common areas of

specialization include:

 Hunting and gathering

 Fishing

 Cooking

 Shelter-building

 Clothes-making

One of the key developments in the history of entrepreneurship was the invention of money.

Over time, paper money and coinage would be developed. Currency gave entrepreneurs

several important things;

 It facilitated long-distance trade

 It acted as a medium of exchange

 It provided a way for entrepreneurs to store value

Obviously, currency changed the fate of entrepreneurship forever.

The population spurt starting around 1470 solidified the market’s connection with

entrepreneurship. Here are some of the important developments that took place in

entrepreneurship during this period:

o Banking grew to new heights and complexities as small business owners had greater

financing needs.

o The guild system expanded, giving skilled craftsmen and other entrepreneurs a way to

organize their business together, regulate the quality of the goods produced, and

develop reputations for certain goods in towns across medieval Europe.

o Entrepreneurs were able to purchase goods from abroad, turn those goods into

finished products, and then sell those goods for a profit at a wider scale than ever

before.

Columbus’s “discovery” of the new World in 1492 would permanently change

entrepreneurship. During this period, entrepreneurs were known more as merchants and

explorers than as entrepreneurs. These individuals would raise capital, take risks, and

stimulate economic growth. Many people see the last 200 years of entrepreneurship as being

fuelled by “machines and markets”. The industrial revolution marked yet another profound

shift in the history of entrepreneurship. Starting in the 18th century, entrepreneurship moved

from small-scale production in small towns to large-scale production in big cities.

Two things fuelled this fundamental change in entrepreneurship, including:

 Availability of energy production

 Availability of labour
Modern Entrepreneurship

Today, entrepreneurs are the lifeblood of economies all over the world. Even in command

economies like China, entrepreneurs are valued for their contribution to the economy and

encouraged to innovate to compete with companies around the world.

Since the beginnings of history, entrepreneurship has always been ruled by the

market forces known as supply and demand. Early entrepreneurs in the Agricultural

Revolution met the needs of farmers by providing them with tools and shelter. In exchange,

they received food that could feed their families. As years went by, the means of

entrepreneurship changed dramatically but the core reasons for entrepreneurship remained the

same. Every where in the world, entrepreneurs arose to address demand by providing

supply. They innovated and invented new technologies to solve problems that nobody had

ever solved before.

 CHAPTER – 3

ANALYSIS AND INTREPRETATION

Analysis of attitude Of college students towards entrepreneurship

Table 3.1: Gender wise classification:-

Gender Number of Respondents Percentage

Male 15 25
Female 45 75
Total 60 100
Table no: 3.1 Sources: Primary Data

Interpretation : Out of the total respondents, 25% of the respondents are male and 75% of
the respondents are females.

Table 3.2 : Age wise classification : -

Number of respondents Percentage
Age
18-20 50 83
20-23 8 13
23-26 2 4
Total 60 100
Table no:3.2 Sources: Primary Data

Interpretation: From the above table, among the 60 respondents, 83% are under the age
group between 18-20 and least of the respondents come under the age group between 23-26.

Table 3.3: Classification based on Residing Area:

Number of respondents Percentage
Residing Area
City 6 10
Village 44 74
Town 10 16
Total 60 100
Table no: 3.3 Source: Primary data

Interpretation: Out of the total respondents, 74% of the respondents are from Village, 16%
of them are from Town and 10% of the respondents are from City.
Table 3.4: Classification based on Area of study:
Area of study Number of respondents Percentage
B.com 20 34
B.sc 15 25
BA 15 25
M.com 5 8
M.sc 5 8
Others 0 0
Total 60 100
Table no:3.4 source: primary data

Interpretation: From the above table, 34% of the respondents come under B.com, 25%
are from B.sc and BA. Only a small percentage, i.e. 8% come under M.com and M.sc.

Table 3.5: Classification based on Career

Area of career Number of Percentages

respondents
Accountant 11 18
Lecturer/teacher 9 16
Business 3 5
Bank employee 3 5
Govt employee 28 46
Others 6 10
Total 60 100
Table no:3.5 Primary data

Interpretations: Out of the total respondents, 46% of the respondents are govt employees,
18% are accountants and 16% are teachers and 5% are interested in business and bank jobs
and the rest of the 10% are others.
 CAREER DISTRIBUTION Chart no: 3.5

Accountant Lecturer/teacher Business

Bank employee Govt employee Others

10%
18%

16%

46%

5%
5%

Table 3.6: Classification based on Experience

Experience Number of respondents Percentage
Sales experience 15 25
Supervisory role 3 5
Handling business 2 3
account
Running some own 2 3
Businesses
Running some businesses 2 3
for others
Attended some formal 25 41
class or workshop on
entrepreneurship
No experience 11 20
Total 60 100
Table no : 3.6 Source : Primary data

INTREPRETATION: Out of the total respondents, 41% of them has attended workshop on
entrepreneurship, 25% has sales experience, 5% has experience in supervisory role and the
rest of them has only a small percentage; i.e. 3%.
 Experience wise distribution Chart no : 3.6

No experience
20%
Sales experience
25%

Supervisory role
5%
Attended some
formal class or Handling
workshop on business
entrepreneurship account
41% 3%
Running some
businesses for
others Running some
3% own businesses
3%

Table 3.7: Attitude Dimensions:

Attitude Agree Strongly Undecided Disagree Strongly %

dimensions agree disagree
Total
Innovative & 58 36 4 2 100
Creative Ideas
Leadership Skills 40 10 43 3 4 100
Mental Ability 33 12 38 11 6 100
Start up capital 45 13 18 21 3 100
Risk 40 33 11 6 10 100
Experience& 33 25 20 20 2 100
Knowledge
Skills and 43 28 23 3 3 100
Abilities
Self-employed 46 10 28 16 100
Financial risk 18 18 28 20 16 100
 Chart no: 3.7

Attitude Dimensions
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Agree Strongly Agree Undecided Disagree Strongly Disagree

Financial risk
5% Agree
Innovative &
Creative Ideas
Self-employed 16%
13%

Leadership Skills
Skills&Abilities 11%
12%

Mental Ability
Experience & Risk
9%
Knowledge 11%
9% Start up capital
13%

Interpretation : From the above diagrams ; we can see the various dimensions of
attitude like Mental ability, risk, etc. 36% Strongly agrees that innovative and creative ideas
are to needed to become an entrepreneur and 16% Strongly disagrees with taking financial
risk.
Table no 3.8 : Awareness Norms
Awareness Agree Strongly Undecided Disagree Strongly %
Norms Agree Disagree
Total
Start –up support 36 6 30 25 3 100
Unfavourable law 11 25 25 35 4 100
Bank credit 33 13 18 30 6 100
Unrealised 50 11 15 21 3 100
business Idea

Interpretation : The table shows that , 25% Strongly agrees that law is not favourable
to run a company and 6% Strongly disagrees that banks do not give credit to start –up
companies.

Chart no : 3.8

Awareness Norms
100%
90%
80%
70% Strongly Disagree
60%
Disagree
50%
40% Undecided
30%
Strongly Agree
20%
10% Agree
0%
Start -up Unfavourable Bank credit Unrealised
support Law business idea
Table no 3.9 : Difference in Attitude
Difference in Agree Strongly Undecided Disagree Strongly %Total
Attitude Agree Disagree
Gender restriction 43 30 6 6 15 100
Family support 45 21 15 14 5 100
Knowledge from the 40 21 30 9 100
course
Updating course of 43 11 20 18 8 100
study
Course of study & 30 18 15 20 17 100
entrepreneurship are
related

Interpretation : The above table shows that most of the respondents Strongly agrees with
gender is not restriction for starting a business and 17% Strongly disagrees that course of
study & entrepreneurship are related.

Chart no : 3.9

Difference in Attitude
50
45
40
35
30
25
20 Agree
15 Strongly Agree
10
5 Undecided
0
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Table no: 3.10 : Quality of an Entrepreneur
Quality of an Agree Strongly Strongly % Total
Entrepreneur Agree Undecided Disagree Disagree
Hard work 50 30 13 5 2 100
Skills & 40 16 28 10 6 100
Capability
Convincing & 16 32 33 8 11 100
motivation skills
Self- confidence 13 18 50 13 6 100
Organising 25 33 22 11 9 100
ability
Communication 16 66 10 8 100
skills

Chart no : 3.10

70
60
50
40
30 Agree
20 Strongly Agree
10 Undecided
0 Disagree
Strongly Disagree

Interpretation: From the table, 66% Strongly agrees with the communication skills and
11% Strongly disagrees with convincing and motivation skills.
Table no 3.11 : Entrepreneurial Environment
Entrepreneurial Strongly Undecided Disagree Strongly % Total
Environment Agree Agree Disagree
Positive image 70 13 11 3 3 100
Creative college 33 30 18 14 5 100
atmosphere
State provided 35 21 18 20 6 100
programmes

Interpretation: In Entrepreneurial Environment , 30% Strongly agrees that creative

college atmosphere inspires for developing new business and 6% Strongly disagrees with
state provided programmes.

Chart no : 3.11

Entrepreneurial Environment
80

70

60

50 Agree
Strongly Agree
40
Undecided
30
Disagree
20 Strongly Disagree

10

0
Positive image Creative college State provided
atmosphere programmes
 Table no 3.12 : Mean Score Analysis of Attitude of students towards

Entrepreneurship

STATEMENTS MEAN
1. ATTITUDE DIMENSIONS

Innovative and creative ideas 3.14

Leadership skills 3.5

Mental ability 3.35

Start-up capital 3.47

Risk 3.83

Experience and knowledge 3.6

Skills and abilities 3.93

Self employed 3.51

Financial risk 3.05

Gender restriction 3.7

Family support 3.65

Knowledge from the course 3.75

Updating the course of study 3.35

Course of study and entrepreneurship are 3.17
related
 Hard work 4.01
 Skills and capability 3.53
 Convincing and motivating skills 3.45
 Self confidence 3.2
 Organising ability 3.63
 Communication skills 4.41
 Positive image 3.83
 Creative college atmosphere 3.68
2. AWARENESS NORMS
 Start up support 3.21
 Unfavourable law 3.2
 Bank credit 3.2
 Unrealised business idea 3.4
 State provided programmes 3.48

Interpretation : The above table shows mean score analysis, from that the highest mean
is 4.41, which says that Good Communication skills are needed to become an entrepreneur,
and the least mean is 3.05 , Financial risk of the entrepreneur. All the other statements have a
good mean from 3.2 - 4.01.
 The Structure Modal of Attitude Towards Entrepreneurship

Attitude Towards Entrepreneurship

Difference Entrepreneurial
Attitude
In Attitude Environment
Dimensions

Awareness Quality of an
Norms Entrepreneur

Gender Course
of Study
 CHAPTER- 4
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
 FINDINGS

1. Most of the respondents are females.

2. 83% of the respondents are under the age group between 18-20.

3. 52% of the students have participated in entrepreneurship development programmes .

4. 3 out of 60 students want to take up entrepreneurship as their future career.

They want to set up some business in future.

5. In Attitude Dimensions, 36% strongly agrees and 58% agrees that innovative and
creative ideas are needed to being an entrepreneur, 16% strongly disagrees with taking
financial risks.

6. In Awareness Norms, 25% strongly agrees that law is unfavourable to run a company
and 6% strongly disagrees that bank do not provide credit to start-up companies.

7. In Difference in Attitude, 30% strongly agrees that gender is not a restriction in starting
a business and 17% strongly disagrees that course of study and entrepreneurship are
related.

8. In case of Quality of an Entrepreneur, 66 % strongly agrees that entrepreneur needs

good communication skills and 11% strongly disagrees with convincing and motivation
skills.

9. In Entrepreneurship Environment, 30% strongly agrees that creative college atmosphere

inspires for new business and 6% strongly disagrees with state provided programmes.

10. Statistical Tools are used for study i.e. Mean.

 SUGGESTIONS

1. To develop entrepreneurship tendencies in the country.

2. To develop and encourage women entrepreneurs.
3. To identify and train potential entrepreneurs.
4. To develop necessary knowledge and skills amongst the participants.
5. To start up co-operative women’s marketing societies.
6. To set up EDP clubs in the college for the development of young entrepreneurs.
7. Business enterprises should respect social values and ethics.
8. They should contribute to the socio-economic development of the country.
 CONCLUSION

From the above study we conclude, “Entrepreneur is an individual or group of

individuals who tries to create something new, searches new opportunities, bears risk, unites
various factors of production ( such as land, labour, and capital), carries innovations and from
his skill and farsightedness faces unforeseen circumstances and thereby earn profit.”

Entrepreneurship is a distinct factor of production which contributes to the economic

development of an economy. The primary contributions include promotion of capital
formation, creation of immediate large-scale employment, promotion of balanced regional
development ,effective mobilization of capital, efficient utilization of skill, and introduction
of backward and forward linkages.

Entrepreneurship is regarded as closely associated with the economic history of

India. Over the years, it has passed through several phases. Now, the Government of India is
fully conscious of the significant role of entrepreneurship in the economic development of the
country. It has shown very keen interest and taken several measures to promote the growth of
entrepreneurship in the county. The government has established several Entrepreneurship
Development Institutes ( EDIs) all over the country. Besides, it offers a large number of
incentives, concessions, grants and other benefits to both small scale and large-scale
entrepreneurs to promote entrepreneurial growth, and there by achieve economic
development of the country.
BIBLOGRAPHY
 BIBLOGRAPHY

 Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship- R.C.Agarwal

 Entrepreneurship - Renu Arora & S.K.Sood
ANNEXURE
A Questionnaire On Attitude Of College Students Towards
Entrepreneurship

Section A : Personal Details

1. Name :

2. Age :

3. Gender :

Male [] Female []

4. Religion :

Muslim [ ] Hindu []

Christian [ ] Others []

5. The residing area :

City [] Village [ ]

Town []

6. Area of study presently pursuing :

B.com [] B.Sc [] BA []

M.com [] M.Sc [] Others [ ]

7. The area of career which you are more interested in the future :

Accountant [ ] Lecturer/teacher [ ]

Business [ ] Bank employee [ ]

Govt. Employee [ ] Others [ ]

 Section B : Past Experience

8. Do you have experience in following area? YES

a. Sales experience []
b. Supervisory role []

c. Handling business account []

d. Running some own businesses []

(excluding family business)

e. Running some businesses for others []

f. Attended some formal class or workshop []

on entrepreneurship

Section C : Attitude Towards Entrepreneurship

Please select the correct options given below from the following:

(a) Agree
(b) Strongly Agree
(c) Undecided
(d) Disagree
(e) Strongly Disagree
 Your answer should be based on first thought that come into mind

Questions: Attitude Dimensions

9. I feel that innovative and creative ideas are needed to being an entrepreneur.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

10. I have leadership skills that are needed to be an entrepreneur.

a. [ ] b. [ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

11. I have mental maturity to start to be an entrepreneur.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

12. I have to struggle to raise the capital necessary to start a business.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

13. The risks involved in setting up a business are too high.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

14. The experience and knowledge gained stimulate me to become an

entrepreneur.
a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

15. I am confident of my skills and abilities to start a business.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

16. I can only make big money if I am self- employed.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

17. I am comfortable with taking financial risks .

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

Questions: Awareness Norms

18. I am aware of the start-up support.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

19. The law is not in favour to running a company.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

20. Banks do not readily give credit to start up companies.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]
21. It is hard to find a business idea that has not been realised before.
a.[ ] b.[ ] c. [ ] d. [ ] e.[ ]

Questions: Difference In Attitude

 In Gender:

22. I feel that gender is not a restriction in starting a business.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

23. My family will support me in selecting business as a career

irrespective.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

 In case of course of study:

24. I am getting enough knowledge about career planning through my

course.
a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

25. My course of study is updated with the changing environment.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

26. My course of study and entrepreneurship are related.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

Questions : Quality of an Entrepreneur

27. I have always worked hard in order to be among the best in my

field.
a. [ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

28. I have the skills and capability to succeed as an entrepreneur.

a. [ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

29. I have good convincing skills & can inspire others.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]
30. I am self- confident with my business techniques.
a.[ ] b. [ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

31. Organising something is not difficult for me , I am initiator.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d. [ ] e. [ ]

32. I feel that entrepreneur needs good communication skills to create better

business relationships.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c. [ ] d. [ ] e. [ ]

Questions: Entrepreneurial Environment

33. Entrepreneurs have a positive image within the society.

a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e. [ ]

34. The creative college atmosphere inspires me to develop ideas for

new business.
a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]

35. I am aware of programmes the state should provide to help people start
businesses.
a.[ ] b.[ ] c.[ ] d.[ ] e.[ ]