Power plant

I. Piston Engine
II. Turbine Engine
III. Engine Construction:
IV. Engine Systems:
V. Auxiliary Power Unit:
Piston Engine:
During ground operation of an engine, the cowl flaps should be in what position?
A) Fully open
B) Two-thirds open
C) One-third open
D) Fully closed

An impulse coupling used on a magneto for a piston engine is for:

A) increases the power and gives a hotter spark for engine starting
B) advancing ignition timing
C) providing an advanced spark for engine starting
D) providing a retarded spark for engine starting

Icing of the carburettor can take place?

A) When ambient air temperature is at or below 0° C
B) When ambient air temperature is at or below 0° C and sufficient moisture
is present
C) When the temperature drops and sufficient moisture is present for
sublimation
D) Any time

The purpose of a condenser in a magneto is to:

A) reduce the efficiency of the magneto
B) prevent over heating
C) prevent arcing across the points
D) prevent interference on VHF

When the carburettor air intake is in HOT AIR the power output of the engine is reduced because:
A) the density of the fuel charge entering the cylinders is decreased
B) the mixture is richer
C) the density of the fuel charge entering the cylinders is increased
D) the mixture is lighter

Manifold pressure is increased when:

A) ignition is retarded
B) rpm are increased
C) ignition is advanced
D) altitude is increased

As engine speed increases the ignition spark:

A) is produced earlier
B) is not altered
C) is produced earlier once above maximum continuous rated rpm
D) is retarded
A spark occurs when the:
A) CB are nearly closed
B) Rotor arm is trailed
C) CB open
D) Contact breakers (CB) close

After TDC and on the induction stroke:

A) The exhaust is closed
B) The inlet valve starts to close
C) The exhaust valve remains open to ensure complete removal of the spent
gas
D) The inlet valve starts to open

In an aircraft equipped with a float-type carburettor and a constant-speed propeller, carburettor icing
would probably first be detected by:
A) A drop in RPM
B) A decrease in RPM and increase in manifold pressure
C) A drop in manifold pressure
D) An increase in RPM and drop in manifold pressure

The useful work area in an ideal Otto engine indicator diagram is enclosed by the following gas state
change lines:
A) 2 adiabatic and 2 isobaric lines
B) 2 adiabatic and 1 isothermic lines
C) 2 adiabatic, 1 isochoric and 1 isobaric lines
D) 2 adiabatic and 2 isochoric lines

The turbo-charger bearing is lubricated and cooled by:

A) a total loss system
B) its own internal self contained oil system
C) a tapping in the scavenge oil system
D) the engine oil

If an engine fails to stop with the magneto switch in OFF position, the cause may be:
A) defective condenser
B) switch wire grounded
C) excessive carbon formation in cylinder head
D) fouled spark plugs

When priming a piston engine, fuel is induced into:

A) the combustion chamber
B) the induction manifold
C) the diffuser
D) the exhaust manifold
If the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the most
noticeable result will be that the engine:
A) cannot be started with the switch in the ON position
B) will not operate at the right magneto
C) cannot be shut down by turning the switch to the OFF position
D) will not operate at the left magneto
An abnormally high engine oil temperature indication may be caused by:
A) the oil level being too high
B) the oil level being too low
C) operating with a too high viscosity oil
D) operating with an excessively rich mixture

What type fuel can be substituted for an aircraft if the recommended octane is not available?
A) The next higher octane aviation gas
B) The next lower octane aviation gas
C) Unleaded automotive gas of the same octane rating
D) None of the above

The propeller blade angle is defined as the acute angle between the airfoil section chord line (at the
blade reference station) and which of the following?
A) The propeller thrust line
B) The axis of blade rotation during pitch change
C) The relative wind
D) The plane of rotation

What can be the consequence during a descent with a fully open throttle if the waste gate is seized?
A) The power of the motor will decrease
B) The turbine shaft will break
C) The manifold air pressure (MAP) value may exceed the maximum allowed
value
D) The turbine blades will separate

When increasing true airspeed with a constant engine RPM, the angle of attack of a fixed pitch
propeller:
A) reduces
B) stays constant
C) stays constant because it only varies with engine RPM
D) increases

21. Compression ratio is the ratio between the:

A) fuel and air in the combustion chamber
B) cylinder volume with piston at bottom dead centre and at top dead centre
C) combustion chamber pressure on the combustion stroke and on the exhaust stroke
D) piston travel on the compression stroke and the intake stroke
In a piston engine, magnetos are used to produce the spark which ignites the fuel/air mixture. The
operating principle of magnetos consists in:
A) creating a brief high intensity magnetic field which will be sent through
the distributor at the appropriate time
B) breaking the primary current in order to induce a low amp high volt
current which is distributed to the spark plugs
C) accumulating in a condenser a low volt current from the battery,
reconstitute it as high voltage current at the moment the spark is
generated
D) obtaining a high amp low volt current in order to generate the spark

The control system of a turbocharger tries to maintain a constant:

A) true air speed
B) boost pressure
C) carburettor inlet pressure or density
D) turbocharger rpm

The flash point of fuel is:

A) highest temperature of vapour
B) lowest temperature of fluid
C) lowest temperature of vapour
D) highest temperature of fluid

In a piston engine, the purpose of an altitude mixture control is to:

A) prevent a weak cut when the throttle is opened rapidly at altitude.
B) correct for variations in the fuel/air ratio due to decreased air density at
altitude.
C) weaken the mixture strength because of reduced exhaust back pressure
at altitude.
D) enrich the mixture strength due to decreased air density at altitude.

The use of a turbocharger on an engine will:

A) improve cylinder scavenging
B) raise the engine thermal efficiency
C) cause an automatic rise in the engine rpm as altitude is gained
D) increase fuel consumption

The power output of a normally aspirated piston engine increases with increasing altitude at constant
Manifold Air Pressure (MAP) and RPM because of the:
A) lower friction losses
B) lower back pressure
C) lower losses during the gas change
D) leaner mixture at higher altitudes
What component in a four strokes piston engine converts the reciprocating action into rotational
movement?
A) the piston
B) the connecting rod
C) the camshaft
D) the crankshaft

The stroke of a piston engine is equal to:

A) the swept volume
B) half the crank throw
C) four times the crank throw
D) twice the crank throw

For internal cooling, reciprocating engines are especially dependent on:

A) a lean fuel/air mixture
B) a properly functioning thermostat
C) a rich fuel/air mixture
D) the circulation of lubricating oil

Absolute Pressure is:

A) gauge pressure minus standard atmospheric pressure
B) gauge pressure plus standard atmospheric pressure
C) gauge Pressure
D) standard atmospheric pressure

When is spark plug fouling most likely to occur?

A) In the descent if you have not adjusted the mixture
B) Cruise power
C) In the climb if you have not adjusted the mixture
D) Maximum take-off power

The oil cooler of a piston engine lubrication system is fitted:

A) at the front of the engine and between the pressure pump and tank
B) at the back of the engine and between the pressure pump and tank
C) at the front of the engine and between the scavenge pump and tank
D) at the back of the engine and between the scavenge pump and tank

The coolant temperature of a liquid cooled engine is controlled by:

A) cowling gills
B) oil cooler shutters
C) radiator shutters
D) temperature regulator
If the volume of air passing through a carburettor venturi is reduced, the pressure at the venturi
throat will:
A) decrease
B) increase
C) be equal to the pressure at the venturi inlet
D) be equal to the pressure at the venturi outlet

The high tension voltage provided by a magneto is produced by:

A) boosting the electrical supply to the generator
B) static forces
C) by magnetic induction in the primary winding
D) by induction

One of the advantages of a turbocharger is:

A) that there is no danger of detonation.
B) to make the power available less dependent on altitude.
C) that is has a better propulsive efficiency.
D) that there is no torsion at the crankshaft.

Swept volume is:

A) the area of the top of the piston divided by the distance of movement of
the piston
B) total volume above the piston when it is at bottom dead centre,
multiplied by the clearance volume when the piston is at the top dead
centre
C) the area of the top of the piston multiplied by the distance of movement
of the piston
D) the clearance volume when the piston is at the top dead centre, divided
by the total volume above the piston when it is at bottom dead centre

Generally speaking, the use of carburettor heat tends to:

A) have no effect on engine performance
B) decrease engine performance
C) None of the above
D) increase engine performance

In order to turn a magneto off, the primary circuit must be:

A) Energised
B) Disconnected
C) De-energised
D) Grounded
41. Rated boost is:
A) the same as the take-off boost
B) more than the take-off boost
C) sometimes called economical cruising boost
D) less than the take-off boost

Carburettor hot air is selected to:

A) reduce fuel consumption
B) overcome carburettor icing
C) increase the cylinder head temperature
D) compensate for high atmospheric humidity

The main reason why methanol is mixed with water (water injection) is:
A) to prevent the mixture from freezing
B) to decrease the density of the mixture
C) to supply additional cooling in the combustion chamber
D) to prevent corrosion

Under normal running conditions a magneto draws primary current:

A) from the booster coil
B) from the aircraft batteries via an inverter
C) directly from the aircraft batteries
D) from a self-contained electro-magnetic induction system

With a piston engine, when detonation is recognised, you:

A) reduce manifold pressure and lean the mixture.
B) increase manifold pressure and lean the mixture.
C) reduce manifold pressure and enrich the mixture.
D) increase manifold pressure and enrich the mixture.

The action of the density controller when sensing a rise in the supercharger delivery air temperature is
to:
A) increase the opening of the waste gate
B) decrease the opening of the waste gate
C) raise the supercharger discharge pressure datum
D) increase the flow of coolant through the intercooler

For a piston engine, the ideal fuel/air mixture corresponding to a richness of 1 is obtained for a weight
ratio of:
A) 1/9th
B) 1/12th
C) 1/15th
D) 1/10th
What is a 'Squared' or 'Square Cage' piston engine?
A) an engine who's bore is equal to its stroke
B) an engine who's bore is equal to the radius of the piston
C) an engine with four cylinders, forming a square which are horizontally
opposed to each other
D) an engine who's bore is equal to the piston diameter squared

Detonation in an engine's cylinders would take place on the:

A) induction stroke
B) exhaust stroke
C) compression stroke
D) power stroke

The presence of carburettor ice, in an airplane equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller can be verified by
applying carburettor heat and noting:
A) an increase in RPM, followed by a slight decrease in RPM
B) decrease in RPM
C) increase in RPM
D) a decrease in RPM, followed by an increase in RPM

Above the rated altitude, a supercharged engine set to run at a constant throttle and rpm will:
A) overheat
B) maintain constant power
C) gain power
D) loose power

A turbocharger controller capsule is charged internally with dry nitrogen to make it sensitive to:
A) density
B) velocity
C) pressure
D) temperature

The operating principle of float-type carburettors is based on the:

A) increase in air velocity in the throat of a venturi causing an increase in air
pressure
B) automatic metering of air at the venturi as the aircraft gains altitude
C) measurement of the fuel flow into the induction system
D) difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet

The positions of the intake and exhaust valve at the end of the power stroke are:
A) exhaust valve closed and intake valve open
B) both valves open
C) both valves closed
D) intake valve closed and exhaust valve open
The blade angle:
A) increases from root to tip
B) varies with changes in RPM
C) decreases from root to tip
D) is constant along the propeller blade

The maximum continuous boost permitted in a supercharged engine is:

A) critical boost
B) maximum boost
C) takeoff boost
D) rated boost

Typical types of piston rings are:

A) compression ring
B) gas ring
C) scraper ring
D) all of the above

An exhaust manifold leak upstream of the turbocharger will cause:

A) a high supercharger delivery pressure
B) engine surging
C) backfiring
D) a loss in engine power at altitude

Which of the following qualitative statements about a fixed propeller optimized for cruise condition, is
true for the take-off case? The angle of attack of the propeller:
A) blade is relatively small
B) blade is relatively high
C) blades reduces to zero
D) airfoil section is negative

Work required to raise 1 lb of water through 1° F is equal to:

A) 2400 ft/lbs
B) 1400 ft/lbs
C) 778 ft/lbs
D) 1200 ft/lbs

61. During climb with constant throttle and RPM lever setting (mixture being constant) the:
A) RPM increases.
B) Manifold Air Pressure (MAP) increases.
C) RPM decreases.
D) Manifold Air Pressure (MAP) decreases.
The oil contents on a piston engine are checked:
A) when the oil has reached a specific temperature
B) when the engine is running at idle power
C) at any time after the engine has stopped
D) as soon as possible after the engine is stopped because the oil will drain
away from the sump

The ratio of movement of the crankshaft to the camshaft is:

A) dependant on the number of cylinders
B) half the speed
C) twice the speed
D) the same

An engine turbocharger is said to be " ground boosted" when it:

A) maintains a manifold pressure above sea level conditions
B) has a fixed waste gate setting
C) has one rated altitude and one full throttle height
D) maintains sea level conditions with increasing altitude

A high performance supercharger may require an intercooler to be placed:

A) at entry to the carburettor
B) between the engine and the exhaust manifold
C) between the supercharger stages
D) at exit from the carburettor

During the induction stroke:

A) the volume of the gases becomes smaller
B) the pressure of the gases increases
C) the mixture becomes weaker
D) the temperature of the gases reduces

If the exhaust valve of a four-stroke cycle engine is closed and the intake valve is just closing, the
piston is on the:
A) power stroke
B) intake stroke
C) compression stroke
D) exhaust stroke

The efficient conversion of kinetic energy into propulsive work is a measure of:
A) thrust efficiency
B) thermal efficiency
C) propulsive efficiency
D) mechanical efficiency
Running an engine fitted with a fixed pitch propeller at full throttle with the aircraft stationary and
nose into a strong wind will result in:
A) a reduction in propeller thrust
B) an increase in full throttle rev/min
C) a decrease in full throttle rev/min
D) full throttle rev/min being unaltered
The turbo-charger waste gate is spring loaded towards:
A) the maximum boost position
B) a neutrally balanced partly open position
C) the closed position
D) the open position
The torque of an aeroplane engine can be measured at the:
A) camshaft
B) accessory gear box
C) propeller blades
D) gear box which is located between the engine and the propeller
The purpose of the intercooler in a supercharger is:
A) to prevent risk of detonation
B) to prevent overheating of the induction manifold
C) to increase the volume of the charge
D) to cool the exhaust gas before it impinges on the turbine
When applying carburettor heating:
A) a decrease in RPM results from the lean mixture
B) the mixture becomes richer
C) the mixture becomes leaner
D) no change occurs in the mixture ratio
The kind of compressor normally used as a supercharger is:
A) a piston compressor
B) a hybrid compressor
C) an axial compressor
D) a radial compressor
With an aircraft in straight and level flight in a nose-up attitude, a right-hand propeller will cause:
A) nose-up pitch
B) yaw to the right
C) nose-down pitch
D) yaw to the left
The normal position for a supercharger is:
A) bolted onto the engine compartments
B) between the carburettor and the engine
C) upstream of the carburettor
D) at the end of the exhaust manifold
The main advantage of a constant speed propeller as compared to a fixed pitch propeller is a:
A) higher efficiency in cruising range
B) constant efficiency in all operating ranges
C) lower propeller blade stress
D) higher efficiency in all operating ranges

A turbo-supercharger impeller is driven by:

A) a ram air turbine
B) a connection through a gearbox connected to the crankshaft
C) excess torque from the reduction gearbox
D) diversion of exhaust gases by the waste gate using energy that would
otherwise have been wasted

What is the purpose of a supercharger?

A) To provide a better aircraft for aerobatics
B) To maintain sea-level conditions up to a maximum of 20,000ft
C) To provide an over-rich mixture for take-off
D) To maintain sea-level conditions at altitude

Valve overlap is:

A) the valve face overlapping the valve seat in the cylinder
B) the exhaust valve closing after TDC
C) the inlet valve opening after the exhaust valve closes
D) the inlet valve opening before the exhaust valve closes

81. The purpose of auto coarsening is to:

A) feather the propeller after engine failure
B) coarsen the propeller
C) coarsen the propeller after engine failure
D) back up the flight fine pitch stop and coarsen the propeller after engine
failure

On which stroke or strokes are both valves on a four-stroke cycle reciprocating engine cylinder open
during a part of the strokes.
A) Exhaust and intake
B) Intake
C) Exhaust
D) Power and intake

The main purpose of the mixture control is to:

A) decrease the air supplied to the engine.
B) decrease the oxygen supplied to the engine.
C) adjust the fuel flow to obtain the correct fuel/air ratio.
D) increase the oxygen supplied to the engine.
Ideally, maximum pressure is attained within the cylinder:
A) at the end of the compression stroke
B) during the period of valve overlap
C) when combustion temperature is at a minimum
D) when combustion is complete

The ignition occurs in each cylinder of an four-stroke engine (TDC = Top Dead Center)
A) behind TDC at each second crankshaft revolution
B) before TDC at each second crankshaft revolution
C) before TDC at each crankshaft revolution
D) behind TDC at each crankshaft revolution

In an air-cooled aero-engine, cooling air is directed around the cylinders:

A) by fins on the cylinders
B) by controllable cowl gills
C) by means of suitably shaped cylinder baffles
D) by metered jets

At what speed must a crankshaft turn if each cylinder of a four-stroke cycle engine is to be fired 800
times a minute?
A) 800 RPM
B) 3200 RPM
C) 1600 RPM
D) 200 RPM

In addition to the fire hazard introduced, excessive priming should be avoided because
A) it drains the carburettor float chamber
B) it fouls the spark plugs
C) it washes the lubricant of cylinder walls
D) the gasoline dilutes the oil and necessitates changing oil

Boost reversal is controlled by:

A) richening the mixture
B) reversing the control capsule assembly movement
C) opening the throttle smoothly
D) changing the speed of the supercharger relative to the engine

The turbocharger rpm is directly controlled by the:

A) engine rpm
B) position of the throttle
C) position of the waste gate
D) position of the mixture lever
During a power change on an engine equipped with a constant speed propeller, a wrong combination
of manifold pressure and RPM values results in excessive pressures in the cylinders. This is the case
when one simultaneously selects a...
A) low manifold pressure and high RPM
B) high manifold pressure and high RPM
C) low manifold pressure and low RPM
D) high manifold pressure and low RPM

In general, in twin-engine aeroplanes with 'constant speed propeller'

A) the oil pressure turns the propeller blades towards smaller pitch angle
B) the aerodynamic force turns the propeller blades towards higher pitch
angle
C) the spring force turns the propeller blades towards smaller pitch angle
D) the oil pressure turns the propeller blades towards higher pitch angle

With respect to a piston engined aircraft, ice in the carburettor:

A) may form at OAT's higher than +10° C
B) will only form at OAT's below the freezing point of fuel
C) will only form at OAT's below +10° C
D) will only form at outside air temperatures (OAT's) below the freezing
point of water

What prevents an impulse coupling operating at speeds above start speed, considering that it has
flyweights?
A) Centrifugal force
B) Electro-magnetic induction
C) On/off switch
D) Hydraulic clutch

White exhaust smoke indicates:

A) coolant leaking into the cylinders
B) a weak mixture
C) a rich mixture
D) high oil consumption

Coring in an oil cooler is caused by:

A) cold oil thickening and restricting flow through the cooler
B) hot oil breaking down and losing its lubrication qualities
C) none of the above
D) solid particles in the cooler matrix

If the ignition timing is advanced, the spark will occur:

A) Further away from TDC
B) After the inlet valve opens
C) Nearer to TDC
D) Further away from BDC
The very rapid magnetic field changes (flux) around the primary coil in a magneto are accomplished
by the:
A) rotor turning past the position of maximum flux in the armature
B) contact breaker points closing
C) distributor arm aligning with one of the high tension segments
D) contact breaker points opening

Where are the cooling fins usually located on air-cooled engines?

A) Cylinder head, cylinder walls, and inside the piston skirt
B) Cylinder head, cylinder barrel, and inside the piston head
C) Exhaust side of cylinder head, connecting rods, and cylinder walls
D) Exhaust side of the cylinder head, inside the pistons, and connecting rods

What are the functions of the lubricating oil in an aircraft engine?

A) Lubricates, cools, cleans and prevents fatigue of parts
B) Lubricates, seals, cools, cleans and prevents corrosion
C) Lubricates, cools, seals and prevents internal pressure build-up
D) Lubricates and increases friction between moving parts

101. A propeller blade is twisted, so as to:

A) allow a higher mechanical stress
B) decrease the blade tangential velocity from the blade root to the tip
C) keep the local Angle of Attack constant along the blade
D) avoid the appearance of sonic phenomena

What would happen if the waste gate of a turbo-charged engine seized in the descent?
A) Compressor will overspeed
B) Turbine blades will fail
C) RPM may exceed its maximum permitted value
D) MAP may exceed its maximum permitted value in the induction manifold

The volume of a piston engine cylinder from TDC to BDC is known as:
A) the swept distance
B) the pressure volume
C) the swept volume
D) the stroke

What is the principle advantage of using propeller reduction gears?

A) To enable the engine RPM to be increased with an accompanying increase
in power and allow the propeller to remain at a lower, more efficient RPM
B) The diameter and blade area of the propeller can be increased
C) To enable the engine RPM to be increased with an accompanying increase
in propeller RPM
D) To enable the propeller RPM to be increased without an accompanying
increase in engine RPM
The reading on the oil pressure gauge is the:
A) pressure of the oil on the inlet side of the pressure pump
B) pressure in the oil tank reservoir
C) difference between the pressure pump pressure and the scavenge pump
pressure
D) pressure of the oil on the outlet side of the pressure pump

Excessive cylinder head temperatures are caused by:

A) prolonged weak mixture running
B) prolonged rich mixture
C) use of AVTUR
D) ignition advanced too far

Valve overlap is incorporated into a piston engine to:

A) prevent a weak cut when the engine is accelerated rapidly
B) improve volumetric efficiency
C) increase the engine compression ratio
D) prevent a rich cut when the engine is accelerated rapidly

The primary cause of detonation in a running piston engine is:

A) running with the mixture too rich
B) excessive engine rpm, leading to high CHT
C) excessive pressure in the cylinder head
D) hot spots in the cylinder head such as a hot exhaust valve

The supercharger's impeller typically rotates at:

A) crankshaft speed
B) nine times crankshaft speed
C) half crankshaft speed
D) twice crankshaft speed

One reason for the dual ignition system on an aircraft engine is to provide for one of the following:
A) Improved engine performance
B) Uniform heat distribution
C) One ignition system serves as stand by in case the system in operation
fails
D) Balanced cylinder head pressure

A fault in the ABC (Automatic barometric control) which allows the throttle to open too far can only be
stopped by selecting:
A) a retarded throttle setting manually
B) feather
C) the ABC off
D) the mixture control to idle cut-off
The five events of a four-stroke cycle engine in the order of their occurrence are:
A) Compression, induction, ignition, power and exhaust
B) Suction, compression, ignition, power, extraction
C) Compression, intake, ignition, power, exhaust
D) Intake, compression, ignition, power, exhaust

Whilst the spent gases are being exhausted the piston is:
A) Moving downwards in the cylinder
B) At the top of its stroke
C) At the bottom of its stroke
D) Moving upwards in the cylinder

When an engine starts up and the starter key is released, to what position does the key return?
A) " BOTH"
B) " OFF"
C) " BOOSTER"
D) " ON"
Spark plug fouling is more likely to happen if:
A) the aeroplane climbs without mixture adjustment
B) power is increased too abruptly
C) the engine runs at the authorized maximum continuous power for too
long
D) the aircraft descends without a mixture adjustment

The purpose of the blow-in-doors at the air inlets is to:

A) provide the engine with additional air at high power settings and low air
speeds
B) feed cooling air to the engine cowling
C) provide the engine with additional air at high power settings at cruising
speed
D) serve to increase the relative velocity at the first compressor stage

An aircraft AVGAS fuelling point is colour coded:

A) black with red letters
B) white with red letters
C) red with white lettering
D) red with blue lettering

Fuel/air ratio is the ratio between the:

A) volume of fuel and volume of air entering the cylinder
B) volume of fuel and volume of air entering the carburettor
C) mass of fuel and mass of air entering the cylinder
D) mass of fuel and mass of air entering the carburettor
When the CSU is running " on speed" :
A) the governor weight centrifugal force balances the oil pressure
B) the CSU spring force balances the oil pressure
C) the governor weight centrifugal force balances the CSU spring force
D) the supply of oil to the CSU is shut off

In a four-stroke piston engine, the only " driving" stroke is:

A) compression
B) exhaust
C) intake
D) firing-expansion

121. An impulse starter is used to assist in the starting of a piston engine. What function does the
impulse starter have in starting the engine?
A) to increase the rpm of the distributor rotor during starting
B) to turn over the magneto rotor at high speed to produce a greater
voltage within the magneto
C) to turn over the engine at high speed for the first two revolutions
D) to retard the ignition at the rotor of the distributor

Under static engine conditions, the waste gate is normally:

A) either open or closed depending upon atmospheric pressure
B) open
C) either closed or open dependant upon the throttle lever positions
D) closed

The blade angle of a propeller is the angle between:

A) the propeller plane of rotation and the relative wind
B) the propeller plane of rotation and the extremity of the propeller
C) the propeller chord and the relative wind
D) the propeller chord and the plane of rotation of the propeller
When the mixture passes through the diffuser shroud the energy conversion is from:
A) potential to kinetic energy
B) heat energy to potential energy
C) kinetic energy to pressure energy
D) mechanical energy to heat energy

Detonation is:
A) caused by using weak mixture
B) caused by using the incorrect grade of fuel
C) caused by operating at too low a cylinder head temperature
D) caused by temperature in any area within the cylinder rising too quickly
If the vacuum capsule in the ABC were to be punctured in normal cruise flight, the boost pressure
would:
A) rise
B) remain at the last selected value
C) fall to zero
D) fall

When the piston is at BDC an end-on view of the crankshaft will show it to be:
A) vertical
B) 70 degrees past vertical
C) 20 degrees before vertical
D) horizontal

The purpose of an ignition switch is to:

A) connect the secondary coil to the distributor
B) connect the battery to the magneto
C) control the primary circuit of the magneto
D) connect the contact breaker and condenser in series with the primary coil

The temperature rise to be expected across a supercharger designed to have rated altitude of about
12,000 feet would be about:
A) 500° C
B) 60° C
C) 300° C
D) 150° C

On modern carburettors, the variations of mixture ratios are obtained by the adjustment of:
A) fuel flow
B) fuel flow and air flow
C) air flow
D) fuel flow, air flow and temperature

Prior to starting the engine the manifold pressure gauge indicates approximately 29" Hg. This is
because:
A) just before engine start the turbocharger starts compressing the manifold
air
B) the gauge is probably inoperative and should be inspected
C) the air-tight manifold still contains compressed air from the previous
engine shutdown
D) the pressure within the manifold is the same as atmospheric pressure

Full throttle height is:

A) the maximum height at which a given boost can be maintained
B) the cruising height for any boost
C) the maximum height obtainable
D) the maximum height at which the engine is a rated boost
An engine has a total volume of 2,100 cm3 and a swept volume of 1,800 cm3, its compression ratio is:
A) 6 : 7
B) 7 : 1
C) 6 : 1
D) 7 : 6
When leaning the mixture for the most economic cruise fuel flow, excessive leaning will cause:
A) high engine rpm
B) high manifold pressure
C) high cylinder head and exhaust gas temperature
D) low cylinder head and exhaust gas temperature
The strokes of a four stroke piston engine in operating order are:
A) power, compression, induction and exhaust
B) exhaust, induction, compression and power
C) compression, induction, power and exhaust
D) exhaust, compression, induction and power
The 'slipstream effect' of a propeller is most prominent at:
A) high airspeeds with low power setting.
B) high airspeeds with high power setting.
C) low airspeeds with low power setting.
D) low airspeeds with high power setting.

The rotational speed of a turbine of an external supercharger (turbocharger) is controlled by:

A) the gear ratio between the turbine and compressor
B) control of the gas flow through the compressor
C) the division of exhaust gases
D) use of variable controller
For piston engines, mixture ratio is the ratio between the:
A) volume of fuel and volume of air entering the cylinder
B) mass of fuel and mass of air entering the cylinder
C) volume of fuel and volume of air entering the carburettor
D) mass of fuel and volume of air entering the carburettor
A two-stage supercharger increases the engine boost available at:
A) all flight conditions
B) take-off only
C) high altitude only
D) take-off and high altitude only
The number of revolutions of the crankshaft to complete a full cycle in a four stroke engine is:
A) 2
B) 1
C) 4
D) 8
141. When increasing altitude, the two-speed supercharger HS gear is selected:
A) at an altitude slightly in excess of the LS gear full throttle height
B) at the top of the climb
C) at the rated altitude of the engine using the LS gear
D) off for high altitude cruise

For a given throttle lever setting, at rated boost, the pressure in the induction manifold of an internally
supercharged engine will, up to rated altitude:
A) remain exactly the same
B) progressively increase
C) remain approximately the same
D) progressively reduce

Brake Mean Effective Pressure is:

A) the average useful working pressure applied to the piston during the
working stroke
B) the minimum working pressure obtained in a cylinder
C) the maximum working pressure reached in the engine cylinder
D) the mean pressure of effective braking

When the piston is at BDC, an end on view of the crankshaft will show it to be:
A) 70' past vertical
B) 20° before vertical
C) 90' before vertical
D) vertical

The global output of a piston engine is of: (global output = Thermal energy corresponding to the
available shaft/power over the total thermal energy produced).
A) 0.50
B) 0.90
C) 0.30
D) 0.75

CTM in a propeller is:

A) aerodynamic forces twisting the blade to fine
B) centrifugal forces twisting the blade to fine
C) centrifugal forces twisting the blade to coarse
D) forces acting at right angles to the plane of rotation of a propeller

In the four stroke cycle:

A) induction stroke follows the power stroke
B) compression stroke follows induction stroke
C) exhaust stroke follows induction stroke
D) induction stroke follows power stroke
Brake Mean Effective Pressure is:
A) the minimum working pressure obtained in a cylinder
B) the maximum working pressure reached in the engine cylinder
C) the average useful working pressure applied to the piston during the working stroke
D) the mean pressure of effective braking
The feathering pump of a hydraulic variable-pitch propeller:
A) is an electrically driven oil pump, which supplies the propeller with
pressure oil, when the engine is inoperative
B) is intended to control the pitch setting of the propeller during flight in
order to obtain a constant speed
C) controls the propeller, if the speed governor fails
D) is driven by the engine and supplies pressure oil to the propeller in case
of engine problems
In an air cooled engine:
A) The air cooler matrix is water cooled
B) Air is ducted through the oil cooler first
C) The header tank is placed above the system
D) Fins, baffles and deflectors increase the cylinder and head surface areas
When a piston engine reaches normal operating temperature, the presence of blue smoke from its
exhaust indicates:
A) the oil cooler by-pass valve is closed
B) hydraulicing could be a problem when the engine is next started
C) the cylinders are at an excessive temperature
D) the oil cooler by-pass valve is open
An asymmetric loading (p-factor) on the propeller exists...
A) If the aeroplane has a large angle of attack
B) Only if the 'constant speed propeller' mechanism is broken
C) Only for counter rotating propeller
D) If there is an unbalanced propeller
The power of a piston engine decreases during climb with a constant power lever setting, because of
the decreasing:
A) engine temperature
B) humidity
C) air density
D) temperature
While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if descent
to 4,500 feet MSL is made without readjusting the mixture?
A) The excessively rich mixture will create higher CHT and may cause detonation
B) There will be more fuel in the cylinders than is needed for normal
combustion, and the excess fuel will absorb heat and cool the engine
C) None of the above
D) The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean
As manifold pressure increases in a reciprocating engine the:
A) weight of the fuel/aircharge decreases
B) volume of air in the cylinder increases
C) volume of air in the cylinder decreases
D) density of air in the cylinder increases

A six cylinder engine fires in which order?

A) Depends on the engine manufacturer
B) 1-5-3-4-2-6
C) 1-3-5-6-2-4
D) 1-5-3-6-2-4

What regulates the speed of a turbocharger?

A) Waste gate
B) Throttle
C) Compressor.
D) Turbine

A carburettor tickler:
A) opens up the jets
B) weakens the mixture
C) depresses the float to flood the chamber
D) closes the jets

Idling rpm should be avoided:

A) because the engine will overheat
B) to prevent the oiling up of the plugs.
C) because the generator is not charging
D) engine oil pressure will be low
Valve overlap ensures that:
A) Engine oil system is always available for anti-icing
B) Cylinder is efficiently scavenged of burnt gases during the exhaust stroke
C) Ignition liming can be set accurately
D) Engine power is limited, at full power, to ambient conditions

161. Which components constitute a crank assembly?

A) Crankshaft, pistons and connecting rods
B) Propeller, crankshaft, connecting rods
C) Crankshaft, camshaft, valve springs
D) Crankcase, crankshaft, pistons and connecting rods
An impulse magneto coupling:
A) advances ignition timing and gives a hotter spark at starting
B) gives an automatic spark increase during high speed operation
C) gives a retarded spark at starting
D) reduces magneto speed during engine warm-up

The turbo-charger waste gate is spring loaded towards:

A) the open position
B) the maximum boost position
C) a neutrally balanced partly open position
D) the closed position

The speed of the turbine of a turbo-charger is controlled by:

A) the use of a variable controller
B) controlling the exit of the exhaust gas passing out of the eye of the impeller
C) an automatic gearbox positioned between the turbine and the impeller
D) the diversion of exhaust gases

On a turbocharged piston engine, with increased altitude:

A) turbine rpm will increase as the waste gate opens
B) turbine rpm will increase with increased compressor rpm
C) turbine rpm will reduce with reducing air density
D) turbine rpm will remain constant inlet manifold pressure

The purpose of a diffuser fitted in the carburettor is:

A) to emulsify the fuel, improve its vaporisation and deliver it as a vapour to the fuel nozzle
B) to balance the mixture for the various altitudes reached
C) to stop the mixture leaning out on full power
D) to meter the fuel correctly for all speeds of the engine

If pre-ignition is present in a piston engine in flight the corrective action is:

A) to lean the mixture
B) to retard throttle to idle
C) to enrich the mixture
D) to increase airspeed

When the pilot moves the mixture lever of a piston engine towards a lean position the:
A) volume of air entering the carburettor is reduced.
B) amount of fuel entering the combustion chamber is increased.
C) amount of fuel entering the combustion chamber is reduced.
D) volume of air entering the carburettor is increased.

The purpose of a distributor in an ignition system is to distribute:

A) primary current to the condenser
B) secondary current to the condenser
C) secondary current to the sparking plugs
D) primary current to the sparking plugs
The power output of an internal combustion engine:
A) falls as the charge temperature falls
B) is proportional to the weight of the mixture induced into the cylinder
C) increases with increased humidity
D) is proportional to the volume of mixture induced into the cylinder

For takeoff, a constant-speed propeller is normally set in the:

A) HIGH PITCH, low RPM position
B) LOW PITCH, low RPM position
C) HIGH PITCH, high RPM position
D) LOW PITCH, high RPM position

What type of oil do most engine manufacturers recommend to new reciprocating engine break-in?
A) Ashless-dispersant oil
B) Straight mineral oil
C) Semi-synthetic oil
D) Metallic-ash detergent oil

The octane rating of a fuel and compression rating of a piston engine have which of the following
relations?
A) the higher the octane, the lower the possible compression
B) the lower the octane, the higher the possible compression
C) compression rating is independent of the octane
D) the higher the octane, the higher the possible compression

What does valve overlap promote?

A) An overlap of the power and intake strokes
B) Lower intake manifold pressure and temperature
C) Better scavenging and cooling characteristics
D) A backflow of gases across the cylinder

Why is a propeller blade twisted?

A) To prevent the blade from fully feathering
B) To even out the thrust force along the length of the blade
C) To reduce the tip speed
D) To reduce the thrust at the root of the blade

What would happen if the waste gate of a turbo-charged engine seized in the descent?
A) Compressor will overspeed
B) RPM may exceed its maximum permitted value
C) Turbine blades will fail
D) MAP may exceed its maximum permitted value in the induction manifold
In a four-stroke cycle aircraft engine, when does the ignition event take place?
A) After the piston reaches TDC on compression stroke
B) After the piston reaches TDC on power stroke
C) After the piston reaches TDC on intake stroke
D) Before the piston reaches TDC on compression stroke

In a reciprocating engine oil system, the temperature bulb senses oil temperature:
A) while the oil is in the hottest area of the engine
B) and indicates the average oil temperature
C) immediately before the oil enters the oil cooler
D) at a point after the oil has passed through the oil cooler

If the ground wire of a magneto is disconnected at the ignition switch, the result will be:
A) The engine will stop running
B) A decrease in magnetic lines of force
C) The engine will not stop running when the ignition switch is turned off
D) The affected magneto will be isolated and the engine will run on the
opposite magneto

Black smoke from an exhaust indicates:

A) that the mixture is too rich
B) that the engine is burning too much oil
C) that the mixture is too lean
D) an excessive build up of carbon in the cylinders

181. During the complete cycle the crankshaft revolves:

A) twice
B) four times
C) once
D) a number of times depending on the number of cylinders

The ABC piston may have a small leak-hole drilled through it. Its purpose is the prevention of:
A) overstressing the piston crown
B) hydraulic locking
C) cold, highly viscous static oil at altitude
D) boost reversal

To adjust the mixture ratio of a piston engine when altitude increases, means to:
A) increase the mixture ratio
B) decrease the amount of fuel in the mixture in order to compensate for the
increasing air density
C) increase the amount of fuel in the mixture to compensate for the
decreasing air pressure and density
D) decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for the decreasing air density
When starting an engine or when the engine runs at an idle rpm on ground, the mixture is:
A) rich, because carburettor heat is switched on.
B) rich, because the choke valve is closed.
C) lean, to prevent hat the engine consumes too much fuel.
D) rich, to make starting possible and to cool the engine sufficiently when
idling.

Volumetric efficiency is:

A) IHP - FHP
B) The amount of charge induced into a cylinder compared with that which
would fill the swept volume
C) The thermal conversion factors concerning swept volume
D) Swept volume + unswept volume divided by the swept volume

The pressure ratio controller in a turbocharger operates by:

A) senses altitude and limits the manifold pressure as aircraft descends
B) senses engine speed and limits the manifold pressure as aircraft climbs
C) senses engine speed and limits the manifold pressure as aircraft
descends
D) senses altitude and limits the manifold pressure as aircraft climbs

The air in a piston engine turbo-supercharger centrifugal compressor:

A) enters at a tangent to the rotor and leaves via the stator
B) enters via the diffuser and is fed to the impeller at the optimum angle of
attack
C) enters at the periphery and leaves via the eye of the impeller
D) enters the eye of the impeller and leaves at a tangent to the periphery

A precaution for the operation of an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller is to:
A) avoid high RPM settings with high manifold pressure
B) avoid high manifold pressure settings with low RPM
C) always use a rich mixture with high RPM settings
D) None of the above

The purpose of a diffuser in a supercharger is:

A) to prevent over-fuelling at altitude
B) to increase the pressure in the induction manifold
C) to decrease the pressure in the induction manifold
D) to speed up the airflow out of the compressor

From the cruise, with all the parameters correctly set, if the altitude is reduced, to maintain the same
mixture the fuel flow should:
A) increase
B) remain the same
C) increase or decrease, depending on the engine type
D) decrease
The type of compressor normally used in a supercharger is:
A) a centrifugal compressor
B) a Roots compressor
C) a reciprocating thrunge compressor
D) an axial compressor

When carrying out a single ignition drop check:

A) clear engine if plugs are fouled by opening up to Full Power
B) set engine to idling and check drop
C) check drop does not exceed 250 rpm
D) none of the above

If the ground wire between the magnetos and the ignition switch becomes disconnected the most
noticeable result will be that:
A) a still operating engine will run down
B) the power developed by the engine will be strongly reduced
C) the engine cannot be started with the ignition switch in the " ON" position
D) the engine cannot be shut down by turning the ignition switch to the "
OFF" position

When in flight, a piston engine is stopped and the propeller blade pitch angle is near 90° , the
propeller is said to be...
A) at zero drag
B) feathered
C) transparent
D) windmilling

The richness of a fuel/air mixture ratio is the:

A) volume of fuel relative to the volume of air
B) real mixture ratio relative to the theoretical ratio
C) mass of fuel relative to the volume of air
D) volume of fuel relative to the mass of the volume of air

The correct formula to calculate the multi-cylinder engine displacement is:

A) cylinder volume * number of cylinders
B) cylinder length * cylinder diameter
C) piston area * piston stroke * number of cylinders
D) piston area * piston stroke

Fixed-pitch propellers are usually designed for maximum efficiency at:

A) idling
B) full throttle
C) take-off
D) cruising speed
When the carburettor air intake is in HOT AIR the power output of the engine is reduced because:
A) the density of the fuel charge entering the cylinders is increased
B) the mixture is lighter
C) the mixture is richer
D) the density of the fuel charge entering the cylinders is decreased

Coring in an oil cooler is caused by:

A) cold oil thickening and restricting flow through the cooler
B) solid particles in the cooler matrix
C) hot oil breaking down and losing its lubrication qualities
D) none of the above

Excessively high engine temperatures will:

A) cause damage to heat-conducting hoses and warping of the cylinder
cooling fins
B) not appreciably affect an aircraft engine
C) cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent
internal engine damage
D) none of the above

201. The turbocharger waste gate is spring-loaded towards:

A) the closed position
B) the open position
C) a partially closed, neutrally balanced position
D) a partially open, neutrally balanced position

An EGT (Exhaust Gas Temperature) indicator for a piston engine is used to:
A) assist the pilot to settle correct mixture
B) control the carburettor inlet air flow
C) control the fuel temperature
D) control the cylinder head temperature

Blue smoke in the exhaust without a drop in rpm indicates:

A) too rich a mixture
B) oil burning in the cylinders
C) incorrect timing
D) too weak a mixture

An impulse starter assists in starting the engine by:

A) using a special cartridge
B) using stored compressed air
C) using a coil spring to temporarily increase the speed of rotation of the
magneto
D) using a starting battery to provide a sudden impulse of electricity to the plugs
With increase in altitude, exhaust back pressure will:
A) increase and engine power will increase
B) decrease and engine power will decrease
C) decrease and engine power will increase
D) increase and engine power will decrease

Up to the rated altitude, the power output of a supercharger engine running at constant rpm and
boost:
A) decreases
B) none of the above
C) increases
D) remains constant

When the pilot operates the mixture control, what is being accomplished?
A) he controls the amount of fuel bleed to the combustion chamber
B) he controls the amount of air bleed to the combustion chamber
C) he controls the amount of fuel bleed to the diffuser
D) he changes the air to fuel ratio

Oil for feathering is supplied from:

A) The sump
B) A reserve supply at the bottom of the main supply tank
C) The main oil supply
D) A separate feathering supply tank

If the turbocharger waste gate is completely closed

A) All the exhaust gases are directed through the compressor
B) All the exhaust gases are directed through the turbine
C) Engine should be shut-down to prevent turbine damage
D) All the exhaust gases are directed outside the turbine

Max. Exhaust Gas Temperature is theoretically associated with:

A) Mixture ratio very close to idle cut-out
B) Full rich setting
C) Mass ratio of 1/15
D) Cruising mixture setting

The temperature of the mixture passing through a supercharger:

A) increases
B) none of the above
C) remains approximately constant
D) decreases
A piston engine pressure injector delivers fuel to the jets:
A) on the compression stroke
B) continuously
C) on the induction stroke
D) on the exhaust stroke

Prior to starting the engine the manifold pressure gauge indicates approximately 29" Hg. This is
because:
A) the pressure within the manifold is the same as atmospheric pressure
B) just before engine start the turbocharger starts compressing the manifold
air
C) the gauge is probably inoperative and should be inspected
D) the air-tight manifold still contains compressed air from the previous
engine shutdown
Mixture is caused to enter the combustion chamber by:
A) suction caused by the piston moving up the cylinder
B) suction caused by the piston moving down the cylinder
C) pressure from the carburettor
D) injection from behind the induction valve

The rotational speed of a turbine of an external supercharger (turbocharger) is controlled by:

A) use of variable controller
B) the division of exhaust gases
C) control of the gas flow through the compressor
D) the gear ratio between the turbine and compressor

At an idle or low power condition, the turbocharger waste gate is normally:

A) fully open
B) partially open
C) relaxing
D) closed

In which of the following orders do the four strokes occur?

A) Power-exhaust-induction-compression
B) exhaust-power-induction-compression
C) Exhaust-compression-induction-power
D) Induction-power-compression-exhaust

What are the functions of the lubricating oil in an aircraft engine?

A) Lubricates, cools, cleans and prevents fatigue of parts
B) Lubricates, cools, seals and prevents internal pressure build-up
C) Lubricates and increases friction between moving parts
D) Lubricates, seals, cools, cleans and prevents corrosion
Volumetric efficiency of a piston engine is an indication of the efficiency with which:
A) compression is achieved
B) the cylinder fills with fresh charge
C) total volume of all the cylinders divided by the total clearance volume of
all the cylinders
D) expansion takes place after combustion

A turbocharger is:
A) a supercharger driven by an oil driven turbine
B) a rotary supercharger as opposed to a reciprocating supercharger
C) an exhaust driven supercharger
D) an axial flow supercharger

221. An engine has a total volume of 2,100 cm3 and a swept volume of 1,800 cm3, its compression
ratio is:
A) 7 : 1
B) 6 : 1
C) 6 : 7
D) 7 : 6

In most cases aeroplane piston engines are short stroke engines. This permits a:
A) cheaper construction
B) lower fuel consumption
C) lighter construction
D) better piston cooling

During take-off an increase in rpm at fixed throttle setting is caused by:

A) a more efficient angle of attack of the blades
B) the propeller blades slipping
C) the engine overspeeding
D) mixture set full weak

The two-speed supercharger gear change mechanism is activated:

A) automatically when the throttle lever is selecting cruise of take-off
B) automatically below a certain manifold pressure
C) automatically at about 8,000 feet
D) manually when required

Valve lead is:

A) the inlet valve opening before TDC and the exhaust valve opening before
BDC
B) the inlet valve opening before BDC
C) the inlet valve opening before the exhaust valve
D) the exhaust valve opening before the inlet valve
If the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the most
noticeable result will be that the engine:
A) cannot be shut down by turning the switch to the OFF position
B) cannot be started with the switch in the ON position
C) will not operate at the right magneto
D) will not operate at the left magneto
The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as:
A) piston surge
B) detonation
C) combustion
D) pre-ignition

Liquid coolant is normally circulated through:

A) a jacket above the cylinders
B) sleeves around the cylinders
C) a metal jacket surrounding the cylinders
D) pipes attached to the cylinders

An engine could be damaged if the throttle lever is " pumped" during starting because:
A) there is a risk of fire in the carburettor air intake
B) the engine might be flooded
C) the engine would start too rapidly
D) the engine might not start

A turbocharger controller capsule is charged internally with dry nitrogen to make it sensitive to:
A) density
B) temperature
C) velocity
D) pressure

The normal position for a supercharger is:

A) upstream of the carburettor
B) bolted onto the engine compartments
C) at the end of the exhaust manifold
D) between the carburettor and the engine

A piston engine may use a fuel of a different grade than the recommended:
A) never
B) provided that it is an aeronautical petrol
C) provided that the grade is lower
D) provided that the grade is higher
An engine turbocharger is said to be " ground boosted" when it:
A) has one rated altitude and one full throttle height
B) maintains sea level conditions with increasing altitude
C) has a fixed waste gate setting
D) maintains a manifold pressure above sea level conditions
A pilot normally uses the propeller autofeather system during:
A) Cruise
B) Landing
C) Take-off
D) Take-off and landing

The angle of attack of a fixed pitch propeller:

A) is constant for a fixed pitch propeller
B) depends on engine rotational speed only
C) depends on forward speed and engine rotational speed
D) depends on forward speed only

If the vacuum capsule in the ABC were to be punctured in normal cruise flight, the boost pressure
would:
A) fall to zero
B) rise
C) fall
D) remain at the last selected value

Mixture supplied by the carburettor to the cylinders is said to be weak when:

A) a grade of fuel lower than specified for the engine is used and the air fuel
ratio is unchanged
B) the proportion of air in the mixture is greater than that needed for full
combustion
C) the proportion of air in the mixture is insufficient to allow full combustion
of fuel
D) not enough air and fuel is getting to the combustion chambers

A right hand propeller:

A) is a propeller fitted to the right hand engine
B) is a propeller mounted in front of the engine
C) rotates in an anti-clockwise direction when viewed from the rear
D) rotates in a clockwise direction when viewed from the rear

A naturally aspirated engine climbing from sea level to 20,000 feet altitude at constant rpm will lose
approximately:
A) 50% of the maximum power available
B) 5% of the maximum power available
C) 25% of the maximum power available
D) 15% of the maximum power available
For a given type of oil, the oil viscosity depends on the:
A) oil temperature
B) outside pressure
C) quantity of oil
D) oil pressure

241. Manifold absolute pressure is:

A) the pressure in the induction system, given in inches of mercury above or below the
ambient pressure
B) the absolute pressure in the induction system, given in inches of mercury
C) the pressure in the induction system given relative to ISA at rated altitude
D) the pressure in the exhaust system, given in inches of mercury above or below the
ambient pressure

The oil contents on a piston engine are checked:

A) as soon as possible after the engine is stopped because the oil will drain
away from the sump
B) at any time after the engine has stopped
C) when the engine is running at idle power
D) when the oil has reached a specific temperature

An aircraft AVGAS fuelling point is colour coded:

A) red with blue lettering
B) red with white lettering
C) black with red letters
D) white with red letters

Combustion, in a four stroke engine, theoretically occurs at:

A) a constant temperature
B) a constant velocity
C) a constant volume
D) a constant pressure

The power of a piston engine which will be measured by using a friction brake is:
A) Brake horse power
B) Indicated horse power
C) Friction horse power
D) Heat loss power

The purpose of the rocker arm is:

A) to push the push rod so as to rotate the cam
B) to ensure that the valves close securely
C) to ensure that the valves have adequate clearance
D) to open the valves
What is meant by a wet sump engine?
A) One that carries its oil supply in an external oil tank
B) One that uses hydraulic valve lifters
C) One that uses water injection for detonation suppression
D) One that carries its oil supply in the engine itself
The purpose of the mechanical pitch lock is to:
A) stop flow of hydraulic fluid to the propeller
B) prevent underspeed by cutting off hydraulic oil
C) prevent overspeed af propeller by mechanically inserting a lock held in by springs
D) prevent overspeed of propeller
An excessively rich mixture can be detected by:
A) white smoke from exhaust.
B) a long purple flame from exhaust.
C) high cylinder head temperatures.
D) black smoke from exhaust.
On modern carburettors, the variations of mixture ratios are obtained by the adjustment of:
A) fuel flow, air flow and temperature
B) air flow
C) fuel flow and air flow
D) fuel flow
The power combination that is most likely to result in excessive cylinder pressure is a relatively:
A) low manifold pressure with high RPM
B) low manifold pressure with low RPM
C) high manifold pressure with high RPM
D) high manifold pressure with low RPM
The action of the automatic mixture control with increasing altitude is to:
A) weaken the mixture
B) prevent the mixture becoming too rich
C) richen the mixture
D) achieve greater volumetric efficiency
Valve springs:
A) ensure that the valves are firmly closed
B) ensure adequate valve 'bounce'
C) ensure that the valves stay open
D) prevent the valves from sticking
The useful work area in an ideal Otto engine indicator diagram is enclosed by the following gas state
change lines:
A) 2 adiabatic, 1 isochoric and 1 isobaric lines
B) 2 adiabatic and 1 isothermic lines
C) 2 adiabatic and 2 isobaric lines
D) 2 adiabatic and 2 isochoric lines
When performing a magneto ground check on an engine, correct operation is indicated by:
A) An increase in RPM
B) No drop in RPM
C) A decrease in manifold pressure
D) A slight drop in RPM

If the swept volume of an engine is 1,300 cm' and the total cylinder volume is 1,600 cm' then the
compression ratio is:
A) 13:1
B) 16:1
C) 4.33:1
D) 5.33:1

The control system of a turbocharger tries to maintain a constant:

A) true air speed
B) carburettor inlet pressure or density
C) boost pressure
D) turbocharger rpm

Concerning the twisting force acting on a propeller blade:

A) the aerodynamic twisting force tends to decrease the blade angle
B) the centrifugal twisting force tends to increase the blade angle
C) the centrifugal twisting force tends to decrease the blade angle
D) the aerodynamic twisting force have no effect on the blade pitch

A turbocharger system is normally driven by:

A) a hydraulic motor
B) an electrically activated hydraulically powered clutch
C) an electric motor
D) the exhaust system

A turbo-supercharger impeller is driven by:

A) diversion of exhaust gases by the waste gate using energy that would
otherwise have been wasted
B) excess torque from the reduction gearbox
C) a ram air turbine
D) a connection through a gearbox connected to the crankshaft

261. Excessive vibration may be caused if the:

A) propeller blade is out of track
B) engine mixture is too weak
C) engine mixture is too rich
D) propeller is fully coarse
A two-stage supercharger has:
A) two separate superchargers running at similar rpm
B) two rotating impellers with the outlet of the first connected to the inlet of
the second
C) two rotating impellers in parallel systems but joined at their outlets to a
common induction manifold
D) a single rotating driven impeller at either of two pilot selected speeds

Ideally, maximum pressure is attained within the cylinder:

A) during the period of valve overlap
B) at the end of the compression stroke
C) when combustion temperature is at a minimum
D) when combustion is complete

What is an advantage of a constant-speed propeller?

A) Permits the pilot to select and maintain a desired cruising speed
B) None of the above
C) Permits the pilot to select the blade angle for the most efficient
performance
D) Provides a smoother operation with stable RPM and eliminates vibrations

In liquid cooled engines, the composition by volume of the coolant mixture is:
A) 50% ethylene glycol & 50% water
B) 70% ethylene glycol & 30% water
C) 60% ethylene glycol & 40% water
D) 30% ethylene glycol & 70% water

During the take off run a fixed pitch propeller is:

A) at too coarse an angle for maximum efficiency
B) is at the optimum angle initially but becomes too coarse as speed
increases
C) at the optimum angle for efficiency
D) at too fine an angle for maximum efficiency

The use of an intercooler will:

A) lower the critical altitudes
B) have no effect on the critical altitudes
C) lower the critical altitude and increase the risk of carburettor icing
D) raise the critical altitudes

In a piston engine if the ratio of air to fuel, by weight, is approximately 9:1, the mixture is said to be:
A) rich
B) normal
C) too weak to support combustion
D) weak
On an air-cooled reciprocating engine the cooling airflow is provided by:
A) Selection
B) Ram air
C) Supercharger outlet
D) A temperature controlled by-pass valve

A spark occurs when the:

A) CB open
B) Contact breakers (CB) close
C) Rotor arm is trailed
D) CB are nearly closed

With regard to carburettor ice, float-type carburettor systems in comparison to fuel injection systems
are generally considered to be:
A) more susceptible to icing
B) susceptible to icing only when visible moisture is present
C) less susceptible to icing
D) equally susceptible to icing

The horsepower developed in the cylinders of a reciprocating engine is known as the:

A) shaft horsepower
B) indicated horsepower
C) thrust horsepower
D) brake horsepower

The connecting rod is:

A) a rod connecting the crankshaft to the propeller
B) the push rod actuating the poppet valves
C) the push rod actuating the sleeve valves
D) a means of connecting the piston to the crankshaft

The maximum engine Brake Horse Power with a specified RPM and manifold pressure set which
permits continuous safe operation is termed:
A) Take Off Power
B) Maximum Power
C) Critical Power
D) Rated Power

The part of a piston engine that transforms reciprocating movement into rotary motion is termed the:
A) camshaft
B) piston
C) reduction gear
D) crankshaft
The global output of a piston engine is of: (global output = Thermal energy corresponding to the
available shaft/power over the total thermal energy produced).
A) 0.90
B) 0.75
C) 0.30
D) 0.50

The octane rating of a fuel characterises the:

A) quantity of heat generated by its combustion
B) fuel volatility
C) the anti-knock capability
D) fuel electrical conductivity

The EGT indication on a piston engine is used:

A) to monitor the oil temperature
B) to indicate cylinder head temperature
C) to control the cooling air shutters
D) to assist the pilot to adjust the fuel mixture

An aircraft magneto is switched off by:

A) grounding the primary circuit
B) opening the primary circuit
C) opening the secondary circuit
D) grounding the secondary circuit.

An impulse coupling used on a magneto for a piston engine is for:

A) increases the power and gives a hotter spark for engine starting
B) providing a retarded spark for engine starting
C) providing an advanced spark for engine starting
D) advancing ignition timing

281. The purpose of an accelerator pump is to:

A) assist in the atomisation of the fuel before it leaves the discharge nozzle
B) prevent a weak cut when the throttle lever is advanced rapidly
C) prevent dissociation and detonation
D) prevent a rich cut when the throttle lever is advanced rapidly

The camshaft of a six cylinder engine should rotate at:

A) engine speed
B) one third engine speed
C) twice engine speed
D) half engine speed
The primary object of lubrication is to:
A) reduce friction to reduce engine wear
B) increase cooling of engine internal components
C) provide an air-tight seal between the piston and the cylinder wall
D) increase cooling of the engine cylinders

The pitch angle of a constant-speed propeller:

A) is independent of the true air speed.
B) decreases with increasing true air speed.
C) increases with increasing true air speed.
D) only varies with engine RPM.

The action of the density controller when sensing a rise in the turbocharger delivery air temperature is
to:
A) increase the flow of coolant through the intercooler
B) increase the opening of the waste gate
C) raise the supercharger discharge pressure datum
D) decrease the opening of the waste gate

The coolant temperature of a liquid cooled engine is controlled by:

A) cowling gills
B) temperature regulator
C) radiator shutters
D) oil cooler shutters

If the inlet valve opens too early:

A) The fresh mixture will prevent the spent gases from entering the cylinder
B) The still hot spent gas in the cylinder will ignite the fresh mixture
C) Fresh mixture will escape through the exhaust port with the spent gases
D) The spent gases will prevent the fresh mixture from entering the cylinder

What is the preferred direction for aircraft parking prior to start-up?

A) Tail into wind
B) 1st. engine to be started on windward side
C) Nose into wind
D) Facing towards the duty runway threshold to enable easy taxi-out

The centrifugal latch is fitted to:

A) prevent overstress on propeller
B) prevent propeller feathering on shut down
C) maintain RPM above ground idle
D) prevent propeller over speeding
What is the purpose of a turbocharger system for a small reciprocating aircraft engine?
A) Maintains variable air pressure to the carburettor venturi
B) Compresses the air to hold the cabin pressure constant after the aircraft
has reached its critical altitude
C) Compresses air to maintain manifold pressure constant from sea level to
the critical altitude of the engine
D) Maintains constant air velocity in the intake manifold

Tappet clearances allow for the thermal expansion of the:

A) Valve operating gear throughout the working temperature range of the
engine
B) Coolant to allow correct operation of the radiator by-pass valve
C) Advances and retards of the ignition timing at high RPM
D) Oil in the tank, especially when full

In a piston engine, the camshaft:

A) rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft
B) rotates at twice the speed of the crankshaft
C) rotates at the same speed as the crankshaft
D) is independent of the crankshaft

Carburettor icing is most likely to occur:

A) at high altitude
B) at low power settings
C) at high power settings
D) at low temperature with low humidity
Turbine Engine
The gas flow over an impulse type turbine blade:
A) decelerates from leading edge to trailing edge
B) accelerates from leading edge to trailing edge
C) maintains a constant velocity flow across the blade
D) accelerates at the thickest part of the blade

With a given throttle setting selected on a gas turbine engine, as the aircraft increases altitude:
A) engine rpm will reduce and thrust will reduce
B) engine rpm will remain constant and thrust will reduce
C) engine rpm will increase and thrust will reduce
D) engine rpm will increase and thrust will increase

A centrifugal flow compressor consist of two main parts:

A) impeller and rotor
B) rotor and diffuser
C) rotor and stator
D) impeller and diffuser

When a compressor surge occurs:

A) EGT decreases rapidly
B) N1 increase, EGT decreases
C) EGT increases rapidly
D) N2 increase, EGT decreases

A turbo-propeller engine derives about... percent of its thrust from its exhaust jet.
A) 50%
B) 7%
C) 35%
D) 1%

The main factors causing creep in turbine blades are:

A) high RPM and torque loading
B) high temperature and high RPM
C) high temperature and low gas speeds
D) high RPM and high gas speeds

Which part of the gas turbine engine limits the temperature?

A) Exhaust
B) Compressor
C) Combustion chamber
D) Turbine
On starting a jet engine, how would failure to " Light Up" be indicated?
A) Low rpm and no JPT
B) Low fuel pressure and low JPT
C) Low fuel pressure and no JPT
D) Low rpm and high JPT
What are the units of thrust measured in?
A) kilograms
B) % N1
C) Newton’ s
D) pounds

In a gas turbine engine, high power ignition output (12 Joules) is used:
A) for engine starting only and is time limited.
B) continuously when required.
C) for engine starting and re-light.
D) for engine starting, re-light and takeoff.

Relight in a gas turbine engine, after a flame out, is most likely to be successful:
A) at any altitude at low speed
B) at a height above 25 000ft
C) at a height below 25 000ft
D) at high speed

With a " Ram Effect" due to increased air speed, efficiency of the engine will:
A) decrease
B) remain constant
C) depends upon engine RPM
D) increase

For a fan jet engine, the by-pass ratio is the:

A) internal airflow mass divided by the fuelflow mass
B) fuelflow mass divided by the internal airflow mass
C) internal airflow mass divided by the external airflow mass
D) external airflow mass divided by the internal airflow mass

In a high bypass engine exhaust, the cold flow is usually exhausted:

A) With the hot gas flow and flows through a mixer unit
B) Through the air conditioning system
C) Separately
D) Into the LP compressor inlet

For a turbine engine, the term self-sustaining speed relates to the speed at which the engine:
A) will enable the generators to supply bus-bar voltage
B) will run without any external assistance
C) is designed to idle after starting
D) operates most efficiently in the cruise
The fan in a high by-pass ratio turbo-jet engine produces:
A) none of the thrust
B) half the thrust
C) the greater part of the thrust
D) the lesser part of the thrust

A typical gas turbine overall air/fuel ratio is:

A) 60:1
B) 136:1
C) 10:1
D) 200:1

As the gas turbine passes through the exhaust and propelling nozzle, gas pressure... velocity... and
the gas temperature...
A) reduces - increases - increases
B) increases - increases - increases
C) increases - reduces - reduces
D) reduces - increases - reduces

During the cycle of a gas turbine engine combustion takes place:

A) continuously
B) once per revolution
C) twice per revolution
D) once per two revolutions

The symptoms of a flame-out in flight are:

A) no change in RPM, EGT decreases, fuel flow decreases
B) RPM decreases, EGT decreases, no change in fuel flow
C) RPM increases, EGT increases, fuel flow increases
D) RPM decreases, EGT decreases

21.Which of the following parameters affect the rotational speed of a turbine engine?
A) Temperature and pressure
B) Fuel flow and by-pass ratio
C) Fuel flow and forward velocity
D) Temperature, pressure, forward velocity (TAS) and Fuel Flow (FF)

Within the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine where is the flame located during flight?
A) in the tertiary zone
B) at the snout
C) in the primary zone
D) in the flare
The toroidal vortex can be found in the...
A) air inlet
B) combustion chamber
C) exhaust nozzle
D) high pressure compressor

When a turbo prop anti-icing system is switched on whilst at cruise:

A) Propeller RPM remains unchanged, turbine temperature remains
unchanged and torque remains unchanged
B) Propeller RPM remains unchanged, turbine temperature reduces and
torque reduces
C) Propeller RPM remains unchanged, turbine temperature rises and torque
reduces
D) Propeller RPM reduces, turbine temperature reduces and torque increases

When comparing a turbojet engine to a by-pass engine of the same thrust output:
A) the TSFC of the by-pass engine will be lower
B) the TSFC of the by-pass engine is comparable to the TSFC of the turbojet
engine
C) the TSFC of the by-pass engine will be higher
D) the diameter of the by-pass engine is much smaller

In a gas turbine engine, the power changes are normally made by controlling the amount of:
A) air entering the compressor.
B) air leaving the compressor by opening or closing of bleed valves.
C) fuel supplied.
D) air entering the compressor and fuel entering the combustion chambers.

Within a High By-pass gas turbine engine, which component produces most of the thrust?
A) The hot or core engine
B) The high pressure turbine
C) The front fan
D) The high pressure compressor

Reduction in engine efficiency can be caused by:

A) high rpm
B) air velocity of 0.4 mach at compressor inlet
C) ice formation on air intake
D) low air temperatures

If air is taken from the compressor for air conditioning or anti-icing then:
A) thrust will increase, JPT will decrease
B) thrust will decrease, JPT will decrease
C) thrust will decrease, JPT will increase
D) thrust will increase, JPT will increase
The efficiency of a compressor is shown by
A) the temperature drop during compression
B) the velocity change during compression
C) the pressure change during compression
D) the temperature change during compression
A turbo jet engine gives:
A) small acceleration to a small mass of air
B) small acceleration to a large mass of air
C) large acceleration to a large weight of air
D) large acceleration to a small mass of air
A jet engine derives its thrust by:
A) drawing air into the compressor
B) impingement of the propelling gases on the outside air
C) reaction to the rearward propelling gas flow
D) reaction to the torque
The cold junction of a thermocouple is the:
A) reference junction and is located aft of the turbine blades
B) measuring junction and is sometimes known as the hot junction
C) reference junction and is located on the flight deck
D) measuring junction and is located on the flight deck
Which is true of a High By-pass engine?
A) most of the thrust is generated by the front fan
B) they may be made smaller than a conventional turbojet
C) most of the thrust is generated by the 'hot' engine
D) a major disadvantage is their greater weight compared with a turbojet
In a compressor stage of a jet engine, the sequence is:
A) rotor - stator.
B) stator - rotor.
C) rotor - rotor - stator.
D) stator - stator - rotor.
When starting a jet engine, failure to light-up is indicated by:
A) low fuel pressure and high EGT
B) low RPM and no EGT
C) low fuel pressure and low EGT
D) no RPM and no EGT
In a gas turbine engine, the maximum gas temperature is attained:
A) within the combustion chamber.
B) across the turbine.
C) at the entry to the exhaust unit.
D) in the cooling airflow around the flame tube.
When a gas turbine engine reaches self-sustaining speed during engine start-up:
A) the aircraft is ready for taxi
B) Full take-off thrust must be available within 5 seconds
C) the starter must be disengaged at once to prevent overspeed of the
starter motor
D) the gas turbine engine could run without assistance from the starter
motor

The By-pass ratio of a High By-pass gas turbine engine is:

A) 15 parts cold air to one part hot air
B) 5 parts hot air to one part cold air
C) equal parts hot and cold air
D) 5 parts cold air to one part hot air

The pressure rise across a centrifugal compressor:

A) occurs in the diffuser only
B) is shared between impeller and diffuser
C) occurs in the impeller only
D) is negligible

41.Typical thrust setting parameters for turbofan engines are:

A) N3, FF, air flow
B) FF, fuel-to-air ratio, air flow
C) N1, EPR, IEPR
D) engine oil pressure and quantity

What speed does the LP compressor run at?

A) Constant speed
B) Half the engine speed
C) The speed of the HP turbine
D) The speed of the LP turbine

The output of a turboprop engine is indicated as:

A) RPM
B) thrust
C) torque
D) % N1

Afterburning typically increases thrust by... but also increases fuel consumption by...
A) 50% - 250%
B) 10% - 50%
C) 150% - 150%
D) 250% - 150%
With the aircraft stationary, propulsive efficiency:
A) depends on RPM
B) is minimum
C) depends on thrust
D) is maximum
The two types of thrust augmentation are:
A) Afterburning and reheat
B) Water / Methanol injection and triple bypass spool
C) Afterburning and water / methanol injection
D) Water injection and variable nozzle control mechanisms
Newton's 2nd Law of Motion states:
A) acceleration is proportional to and in the direction of the applied force
B) a body persists at rest or uniform motion unless influenced by gravity
C) a body persists at rest or in uniform motion unless influenced by an external force
D) action and reaction are equal and opposite
Total head pressure:
A) increases as the aircraft speed increases
B) increases as compressor rpm increases
C) increases as the aircraft speed decreases
D) decreases as the aircraft speed increases
Compared to a single spool turbojet, a high by-pass gas turbine engine designed to handle the same mass flow:
A) will produce greater thrust
B) will be shorter with a lower diameter
C) will have a greater power to weight ratio
D) will be larger and heavier
Engine pressure ratio (EPR) is a ratio of
A) inlet temperature and exhaust temperature
B) compressor inlet total pressure and turbine discharge total pressure
C) static inlet pressure and dynamic exhaust pressure
D) compressor speed and turbine speed in a free turbine engine
The overall air/fuel ratio of a combustion chamber can vary between:
A) 35:1 and 90:1
B) 45:1 and 130:1
C) 10:1 and 45:1
D) 110:1 and 250:1
If air is tapped from a gas turbine HP compressor, the effect on the engine pressure ratio (EPR) and
the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) is that:
A) EPR decreases and EGT remains constant
B) both EPR and EGT decrease
C) EPR remains constant and EGT increases
D) EPR decreases and EGT increases
The thrust of a turbo-jet, at the selection of full power:
1. is proportional to the mass of air expelled by the engine and to the velocity change imparted
to it.
2. is obtained by pressure of the exhaust gas on the ambient air
3. is equivalent to zero mechanical power since the aeroplane is not moving
4. is independent of the outside air temperature
The combination which regroups all of the correct statements is:
A) 2 - 3
B) 4
C) 1 - 2
D) 1 - 3

Injection of water methanol can increase the maximum thrust by:

A) 25 percent
B) 150 percent
C) 3 percent
D) 50 percent

On which type of turbo-propeller would you expect to find a parking brake?

A) Free turbine
B) Compounded twin spool
C) Low ratio by-pass
D) Direct coupled twin spool

A " hung start" is the failure of an engine to accelerate to its normal idle speed. It may be caused by:
A) the starter cutting out early in the starting sequence before the engine
has accelerated to the required rpm for ignition
B) failure of the fuel to ignite in the starting sequence after the engine has
been accelerated to the required rpm by the starter
C) an attempt to ignite the fuel before the engine has been accelerated
sufficiently by the starter
D) compressor surging

Engine thrust is usually displayed in the cockpit as:

A) engine compression ratio
B) EPR or N1
C) pounds or kilogram force
D) RPM

When reverse thrust is selected on a High By-pass gas turbine engine:

A) the clamshell door redirects the turbine outflow air
B) the by-pass air is blocked and redirected
C) the engine core air is blocked and redirected
D) the air flow within the engine is completely reversed
If compressor surge occurs, it is recognized by:
A) low RPM and EGT
B) fluctuating EGT and engine thrust
C) an increasing RPM
D) fluctuating fuel flow

The thrust of an engine when reheat is not in use compared to equivalent engine without reheat
facility is:
A) considerably less
B) considerably more
C) a little more
D) a little less

61.A simple bypass engine has:

A) Has none of the airflow routed through the engine core
B) Has a proportion of air routed through the engine core and the rest goes
down the bypass duct
C) A fan that delivers about half the engine thrust
D) All of the airflow through the engine routed through the bypass duct

In a centrifugal compressor:
A) the air enters the eye radially and leaves the tip tangentially
B) the air enters the eye tangentially and leaves the periphery axially
C) the air enters the periphery axially and leaves the eye tangentially
D) air enters the impeller axially at the eye and leaves at the periphery
tangentially

The noisiest part of a gas turbine engine is the:

A) Jet efflux
B) Fan
C) HP compressor
D) LP compressor

A fan stage of a ducted fan turbine engine is driven by:

A) high pressure turbine
B) the high pressure compressor through reduction gearing
C) the low pressure turbine
D) airflow across it by the high pressure compressor

When the combustion gases pass through a turbine the:

A) pressure rises
B) pressure drops
C) temperature increases
D) velocity decreases
The air supply to a pneumatic starter usually comes from:
A) compressed air accumulator
B) electrically driven air compressor
C) the auxiliary power unit
D) ground air-starter unit
In the afterburning section:
A) temperature and pressure of the gas increases
B) velocity and pressure of the gas increases
C) velocity increases and pressure decreases
D) temperature of the gas increases, while pressure remains nearly constant
The power required to drive the compressor and the auxiliary components (fuel pump, generator,
engine driven pump,...) is equal to:
A) 20% of energy which is released in the combustion chamber
B) the energy which is released in the combustion chamber
C) half of the turbine power
D) the power delivered by the turbine
In a single spool gas turbine engine, the compressor rpm is:
A) less than turbine rpm
B) the same as turbine rpm
C) independent of turbine rpm
D) greater than turbine rpm
Where is torque measured in a turboprop engine?
A) At the turbine
B) At the constant speed unit oil pump
C) Accessory gearbox
D) Reduction gearbox
The compressor surge effect during acceleration is prevented by the:
A) inlet guide vanes
B) surge bleed valves
C) Fuel Control Unit (F.C.U.)
D) variable setting type nozzle guide vanes
Normally, during flight...
A) combustion is self supporting up to approximately FL 250
B) combustion is maintained by 1 set of igniters
C) combustion is self supporting
D) combustion is maintained by 2 sets of igniters
Air used for combustion is termed:
A) burned air
B) primary air
C) secondary air
D) primary and secondary air
The flame temperature in the combustion chamber of a turbo-engine is approximately:
A) 3500 degrees Celsius
B) 2000 degrees Celsius
C) 500 degrees Celsius
D) 1400 degrees Celsius

When comparing the thrust generated by a High By-pass engine with a single spool turbojet:
A) the turbojet produces the same thrust as the High By-pass engine
B) the turbojet produces less thrust than the High By-pass engine
C) it is impossible to compare the thrust of both engines
D) the turbojet produces more thrust than the High By-pass engine

The maximum compression ratio of a centrifugal compressor is approximately:

A) 5 to 1
B) 15 to 1
C) 25 to 1
D) 3 to 1

In a gas turbine engine, compressor blades, which are not rigidly fixed in position when the engine is
stationary, take up a rigid position when the engine is running due to:
A) thermal expansion.
B) blade creep.
C) oil pressure.
D) the resultant of aerodynamic and centrifugal forces.

With reheat in operation static thrust may be increased up to:

A) 10 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 150 percent
D) 35 percent

In case of an engine surge, the pilot should:

A) close the LP cock
B) open the throttle
C) close the HP cock
D) close the throttle

In the stator of a turbine, the speed V and static pressure Ps vary as follows:
A) V decreases, Ps decreases
B) V increases, Ps decreases
C) V decreases, Ps increases
D) V increases, Ps increases
81.Consider a jet engine whose control is based on the Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR):
1. with a constant EPR, the thrust decreases when the altitude increases
2. with a constant EPR, the thrust is independent of the Mach number
3. at same environmental conditions, a given EPR setting maintains the thrust irrespective of
engine wear due to ageing.
4. the EPR is determined by the impact pressure difference between the turbine outlet and the
compressor inlet
5. on take-off, in the event of icing not detected by the crew, the indicated EPR is lower than the
real EPR
The combination regrouping all the correct statements is:
A) 1, 3
B) 1, 5
C) 3, 4, 5
D) 2, 3, 4
Gas turbine igniters, when fitted to a multi combustor engine, are supplied with electrical current
from:
A) high power ignition units
B) the vital bus bar
C) at least two magneto's
D) the batteries direst

What happens to pressure, temperature and velocity of the air in the diffuser of a centrifugal
compressor?
A) Velocity decrease, pressure and temperature increase
B) Velocity, pressure and temperature increase
C) Velocity increase, pressure and temperature decrease
D) Velocity, pressure and temperature decrease

An axial flow compressor consist of two main parts:

A) impeller and diffuser
B) rotor and diffuser
C) impeller and rotor
D) rotor and stator

In the combustion chamber, air which is used for combustion is called:

A) primary air
B) secondary air
C) hot air
D) primary and/or secondary air

Engine thrust is usually displayed in the cockpit as:

A) engine pressure ratio (EPR)
B) pounds or kilograms
C) RPM
D) engine compression ratio
How many igniters are usually used for engine starting?
A) 1, but two igniters can be selected if required
B) 2
C) none
D) 1

The bearings of a gas turbine engine are not loaded as high as the bearings of a piston engine (same
power output):
A) because the high operating temperature tends to decrease the viscosity
and oil pressure
B) because of the absence of power impulses
C) because there are fewer moving parts in a gas turbine engine
D) because there are no heavy loads arising from reciprocation

The primary factor which limits the operating temperature of a gas turbine engine is:
A) the materials from which the turbine blades are manufactured
B) the materials from which the exhaust is made
C) the pressure that can be generated within the compressor
D) the temperature that can be achieved within the combustion chamber

In a twin spool high by-pass engine at cruise rpm, what are the relative speeds of the Low and High
compressor spools?
A) the LP and HP compressor rotate at the same rpm
B) the LP compressor rotates at higher rpm than the HP compressor
C) the HP compressor rotates at a higher rpm than the LP compressor
D) the HP compressor rotates at the same rpm as the intermediate
compressor

Nozzle guide vanes and turbine blades are cooled by:

A) intermediate pressure air
B) compressor delivery air
C) LP air
D) compressor inlet air

Air from the compressor enters the combustion chamber at approximately:

A) 5000 ft/sec
B) 500 ft/sec
C) 1760 ft/sec
D) 50 ft/sec

The front fan of a High By-pass gas turbine is driven by:

A) the high pressure turbine
B) the low pressure turbine
C) the rearmost compressor
D) the high pressure compressor
In a turbo jet engine combustion occurs at a:
A) constant velocity
B) constant pressure
C) constant temperature
D) constant volume

In a gas turbine engine, combustion takes place at:

A) constant area.
B) constant entropy.
C) constant temperature.
D) nearly constant pressure.

Where are the nozzle guide vanes located within a gas turbine engine?
A) downstream of the combustion chamber.
B) in the primary zone of the combustion chamber.
C) at the inlet to the compressor.
D) upstream of the swirl vanes.

In a turbo-jet, the purpose of the turbine is to...

A) drive devices like pumps, regulator, generator
B) drive the compressor by using part of the energy from the exhaust gases
C) compress the air in order in order to provide a better charge of the
combustion chmber
D) clear the burnt gases, the expansion of which provide the thrust

Air intake turbulence:

A) decreases the efficiency of the compressor
B) increases the efficiency of the compressor
C) has little effect on the efficiency of the compressor
D) has a large effect on the efficiency of the compressor

The secondary airflow is:

A) Primarily concerned with combustion
B) Primarily concerned with forming a swirl vortex
C) Primarily concerned with cooling the gas flow prior to entering the NGV
and turbines, and the flame tube and air casing material
D) Concerned with fuel nozzle atomization

An advantage of a by-pass engine compared to a turbojet engine is:

A) lower thrust output
B) increased thrust specific fuel consumption
C) lower temperature in the combustion chamber
D) improved propulsive efficiency
101.What limits the max. temperature in a gas turbine engine?
A) temperature entering the combustion chamber.
B) temperature at the turbine.
C) temperature at the exhaust.
D) temperature in the combustion chamber.

In an axial flow compressor, which factors govern the compression ratio of the compressor?
A) Ratio of blades and stages
B) The speed and number of stages
C) The air pressure at the inlet in relation to aircraft speed
D) The ratio between air temperature at the intake and the engine
temperatures

Gas turbine inter stage bleed valves:

A) are open when the nozzle guide vanes are closed
B) are open when the nozzle guide vanes are open
C) are open when the variable inlet guide vanes are closed
D) are closed when the variable inlet guide vanes are closed

At constant fuel flow, if engine compressor air is bled off for engine anti-icing or a similar system, the
turbine temperature:
A) may rise or fall depending on which stage of the compressor is used for
the bleed and the rpm of the engine at the moment of selection
B) will fall
C) will rise
D) will be unchanged

Air flowing through the convergent duct in which a gas turbine axial flow compressor is located will
experience:
A) a decrease in pressure, an increase in velocity and an increase in
temperature
B) a decrease in pressure, an increase in velocity and a decrease in
temperature
C) an increase in pressure, a near constant velocity and a decrease in
temperature
D) an increase in pressure, a near constant velocity and an increase in
temperature

As the gas flows through the turbine:

A) Pressure, velocity and temperature gradually decrease
B) Pressure decreases, velocity increases and temperature decreases
C) Pressure, velocity and temperature increase
D) Pressure decreases, velocity decreases and temperature increases
The Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR) is the ratio of:
A) total compressor inlet pressure to the total turbine outlet pressure
B) the total turbine inlet pressure to the total compressor inlet pressure
C) the total turbine outlet pressure to the total compressor inlet pressure
D) total compressor outlet pressure to the total turbine outlet pressure

In an engine having a 'Free turbine':

A) there is a mechanical connection between the power output shaft and the
turbine
B) there is no mechanical connection between the power output shaft and
the turbine
C) there is a mechanical connection between the compressor and the
propeller shaft
D) air enters via compressor inlet on the turbine

If the temperature of a mass of air is increased whilst the volume remains constant then:
A) pressure remains the same
B) mass increases
C) pressure increases
D) pressure decreases

An engine pressure ratio (EPR) gauge reading normally shows the ratio of:
A) compressor outlet pressure to compressor inlet pressure
B) jet pipe pressure to compressor inlet pressure
C) jet pipe pressure to combustion chamber pressure
D) combustion chamber pressure to compressor inlet pressure

The mass airflow through the engine will vary if:

A) density, fuel flow and forward speed vary
B) RPM stays constant
C) thrust stays constant
D) density and true airspeed vary

After-burning:
A) increases temperature and pressure of the gas stream
B) increases velocity and temperature of the gas stream
C) increases pressure and decreases velocity of the gas stream
D) increases velocity and pressure of the gas stream
Engine Construction:
The disadvantages of axial flow compressors compared to centrifugal flow compressors are:
1. expensive to manufacture
2. limited airflow
3. greater risk of rupturing
4. limited compression ratio
A) 2 - 3
B) 1 - 3
C) 1 - 2
D) 2 - 4

A bleed valve is often installed on a gas turbine engine:

A) to control the air intake pressure
B) to prevent compressor choking at low rpm
C) to control the variable intake guide vanes
D) to use bleed air from the compressor for engine intake de-icing

Airflow through a divergent duct causes:

A) pressure to decrease, velocity to increase
B) pressure to increase, velocity to decrease
C) pressure to increase, velocity to remain constant
D) pressure to decrease, velocity to decrease

An axial flow compressor when compared to a centrifugal compressor:

A) takes in more air and is less prone to rupturing
B) takes in less air and is more prone to rupturing
C) takes in less air and is less prone to rupturing
D) takes in more air and is more prone to rupturing

In a reverse flow system, the last stage of an axial flow compressor is often centrifugal. This is to:
A) provide initial turning of the airflow
B) provide means of bleed-air extraction
C) none of the above
D) provide a further increase in air compression

For what purpose is the propelling nozzle designed?

A) To decrease the velocity and increase the pressure of the gas stream
B) To decrease the velocity and decrease the pressure of the gas stream
C) To increase the velocity and increase the pressure of the gas stream
D) To increase the velocity and decrease the pressure of the gas stream

Inconel is a... based alloy which is often used in the...

A) nickel, combustion chamber
B) nickel, compressor section
C) cobalt, combustion chamber
D) cobalt, exhaust nozzle
In a centrifugal compressor, air enters via the:
A) diffuser
B) variable IGV
C) eye of the impeller
D) combustion chamber

What is an advantage of an annular combustion chamber compared to the multiple chamber system
(can type)?
A) Less igniters are needed
B) Lower combustion chamber gas temperature
C) The velocity of the gasses in the combustion chamber is much higher
D) No hot spots and better internal pressure distribution

When using an annular type combustion chamber in stead of a can type combustion chamber:
A) hot spots on the turbine blades will cause fatigue cracks more rapidly
B) airflow is unrestricted at high rpm
C) the diameter of the engine can be reduced
D) the mean time between overhaul (MTBO) is considerably increased

In a turbofan engine, cascade vanes are often used in:

A) the thrust reverser system
B) the turbine
C) the oil system
D) the compressor

Between two respective gas turbine engine nozzle guide vanes:

A) a convergent duct is formed
B) the gas flow is straightened
C) a parallel duct is formed to straighten the gas flow onto the turbine
blades
D) a divergent duct is formed which decelerates the gas flow

Turbine blade stages may be classed as either " impulse" or " reaction" . In an impulse blade section:
A) the pressure drops across the nozzle guide vanes and remains constant across
the rotor blades
B) the pressure remains constant across the nozzle guide vanes and drops across
the rotor blades
C) the pressure rises across the nozzle guide vanes and remains constant across
the rotor blades
D) the pressure remains constant across the nozzle guide vanes and rises constant
across the rotor blades

As the air passes through an axial flow compressor compression takes place at the:
A) rotor and stator blades
B) stator blades only
C) rotor blades only
D) diffuser only
PRESSURE RECOVERY within the air Intake means that:
A) Total head pressure is achieved at the air intake
B) As far as is possible, total head pressure is achieved at the compressor
face
C) Intake pressures are reduced
D) Pressure recovery is only applied to bleed valve-operating characteristics

In a HEIU, the choke:

A) protects the unit from excessive currents
B) prolongs the life of the ignitor
C) protects the unit from excessive voltages
D) prolongs the discharge

An advantage of an engine with a dual face centrifugal compressor compared to an engine with a
single face centrifugal compressor is that:
A) air is pre-heated before entering the second compressor
B) the frontal area of the engine is larger when using a single face
compressor
C) a larger turbine must be used
D) the frontal area of the engine is smaller when using a dual face
centrifugal compressor

Which type of turbo-propeller engine is practically free from surge and requires low power for starting?
A) Low ratio by-pass
B) Compounded twin spool
C) One using a centrifugal compressor
D) Directly coupled

The jet pipe is insulated from the airframe by:

A) heat insulation materials
B) cooling air jacket
C) none of the above
D) combination of cooling air and insulating material

Why are the blades in the later stages of an axial flow compressor made of bronze alloy?
A) To withstand the heat from compression
B) To withstand the heat from the combustion chamber
C) To withstand the heat from friction
D) To withstand the heat from rotation

21. Nozzle guide vanes are used in the... to...

A) turbine, decrease the velocity of the gas flow
B) compressor, increase the velocity of the air flow
C) turbine, to increase the velocity of the gas flow
D) compressor, to decrease the velocity of the air flow
In a convergent duct:
A) the pressure and velocity remain constant, the temperature decreases
B) the temperature and velocity increase, the pressure decreases
C) the pressure and temperature decrease, the velocity increases
D) the pressure and velocity increase, the temperature decreases

In a fan jet engine the bypass ratio is:

A) mass fuel flow divided by mass fuel flow
B) internal mass airflow divided by external mass airflow
C) internal mass airflow divided by mass fuel flow
D) external mass airflow divided by internal mass airflow

Primary airflow is routed:

A) to the combustion area for cooling
B) to the fuel nozzle area for combustion
C) to the oil cooler
D) to the compressor

The scavenge pump in an engine has:

A) a greater capacity than the pressure pump
B) the same capacity as the pressure pump
C) a smaller capacity than the pressure pump
D) a much smaller capacity than the pressure pump

To reduce instability, the blades of the LP compressor of a high by-pass engine are:
A) manufactured with a wide chord and are parallel from root to tip
B) of a wide chord construction and taper from root to tip
C) constructed with parallel chord from root to tip
D) of narrow chord construction and taper from root to tip

The combustion chamber drain valve is closed:

A) by engine bleed air
B) by combustion chamber gas pressure
C) mechanically
D) hydraulically

A gas turbine blade is usually of the:

A) Impulse type
B) Impulse / Reaction type
C) Reaction type
D) Pelton wheel type
The bearings of a G.T. engine are relatively lightly loaded, compared to those of a piston engine. Why?
A) Because the high operating temperature tends to decrease the viscosity and oil pressure
B) Because there are fewer moving parts
C) Because there are no heavy loads arising from reciprocation
D) Because of the absence of power impulses
Another name for a cannular combustion system is:
A) combustion can
B) turbo-annular combustion chamber
C) annular combustion chamber
D) multiple combustion chamber

The shape of the exhaust unit is slightly:

A) Divergent and pressure decreases
B) Convergent and velocity decreases
C) Convergent
D) Divergent and pressure increases

The main purpose of combustion is to:

A) increase the gas density
B) increase the gas temperature
C) increase the gas velocity
D) increase the gas pressure

On a twin spool engine:

A) the HP compressor is driven by the LP turbine
B) the HP and LP compressors are operated by their respective HP and LP turbines
C) the intermediate pressure turbine (IPT) drives the intermediate pressure compressor (IPC)
D) the LP compressor is driven by the HP turbine

Why is a barometric pressure control unit fitted in the fuel system?

A) To vary pump output in relation to pressure variations at the intake
B) To proportion fuel flow between primary and main burner feed lines
C) To decrease fuel flow to the burners with increasing air intake pressure
D) To increase fuel flow to the burners with decreasing air intake pressure

The purpose of tappet clearance is to:

A) increase the efficiency of the inlet valve
B) allow for temperature change
C) allow for adjustment to valve timing
D) allow the valve to move freely in its guide
What does a diffuser in a gas turbine do?
A) Convert kinetic pressure into static pressure
B) Expands the air entering the combustion chamber
C) Increase the total temperature of the air
D) Increase the relative velocity of the air entering the combustion chamber

Newton's First Law of Motion states that:

A) All of the above
B) Acceleration is proportional to and in the direction of the applied force
C) A body persists in a state of rest or uniform motion unless influenced by an external force
D) Action and reaction are equal and opposite
Why is a HOTWELL not required in gas turbine engine oil tanks?
A) Because high viscosity oil is used
B) Because constant internal engine temperature is maintained
C) Because oil temperature regulators (heat exchangers) are used
D) Because low viscosity oil is used
What materials are used in the combustion chamber of high-bypass turbine engines?
A) Corrosion resistant Aluminum alloys
B) Heat resistant steel alloys
C) Super alloys
D) High temperature composite materials
Turbine blades are usually attached to the turbine disc using a Fir-tree root. How is a tight fit ensured
during operation?
A) By thermal compression of the disc
B) By centrifugal forces
C) By thermal expansion of the blades
D) By thermal expansion of the disc

41.Why are two or more turbine wheels coupled together?

A) To provide redundancy in the engine in the event of a turbine failure
B) To simplify dynamic balancing
C) So power output is doubled
D) To keep turbine rotor diameter small
Variable inlet guide vanes are often used to prevent:
A) compressor turbulence
B) compressor runaway
C) compressor surge
D) ice accumulation on compressor blades
If the variable area nozzle fails to open when reheat (afterburner) is selected:
A) the compressor surges immediately
B) the engine produces excessive thrust
C) the nozzle chokes
D) reheat is automatically cancelled
Which of the following materials are often used in the hot section of a turbo-engine?
A) cadmium and iron
B) bronze and silver
C) nickel-alloys and cobalt-alloys
D) aluminum and steel
Turbine blade efficiency is increased by:
A) Filling shrouds
B) Compressor air bleeds
C) The fir-tree method
D) Providing air cooling
The primary purpose of the bleed valves fitted to axial flow compressors is to:
A) spill compressor air should the engine overspeed thus controlling the
speed
B) enable an external air supply to spin up the compressor for engine
starting
C) reduce the likelihood of compressor stall
D) control the acceleration time of the engine

One reason for shrouding turbine blades is:

A) to help route the air (from the combustion chamber) onto the turbine
blades
B) to increase tip losses
C) an improved safety measure in case of turbine blade separation
D) to improve efficiency (e.g. tip losses) and reduce blade vibration

Engine vibration pick-ups are usually installed...

A) on the inlet cowling
B) on compressor and turbine blades
C) on the pylon
D) on the front and aft bearings

In a twin spool engine, at what speed does the LP compressor run?

A) At the same speed as the HP compressor
B) At a lower rpm than the HP compressor
C) It depends on the compression ratio
D) At a higher rpm than the HP compressor

Airflow through a convergent duct causes:

A) an increase in velocity and decrease in pressure
B) an increase in velocity and an increase in pressure
C) a decrease in velocity and an increase in pressure
D) a decrease in velocity and a decrease in pressure

The following engine is a:

A) aft fan type engine
B) ducted fan
C) turbojet engine
D) front fan type engine
How are the main bearings in axial flow gas turbine engine normally pressurized?
A) Air from intermediate stage of compressor
B) Air from aft stage of compressor
C) Air from front stage of compressor
D) Air from turbine stage of the engine

Concerning the centrifugal compressor, the compressor diffuser is a device in which the:
A) velocity, pressure and temperature rise
B) pressure rises at a constant velocity
C) pressure rises and velocity falls
D) velocity rises and pressure falls

The function of the diffuser in a centrifugal compressor is to:

A) decrease air velocity and convert it into pressure energy
B) increase air velocity and convert it into thermal energy
C) increase air velocity and convert it into pressure energy
D) decrease air velocity and convert it into thermal energy

The design of a fan or bypass engine spinner is such that:

A) Rain / Hail can be deflected into the bypass duct
B) Ice protection is not required
C) Damage caused by the ingestion of foreign bodies can be minimised
D) Rain / Hail can be deflected into the engine core

The effect of a jet pipe with an exit nozzle area which is too large would be:
A) a lower exhaust velocity and therefore less thrust
B) a higher exhaust velocity resulting in lower thrust output
C) a lower exhaust velocity, but thrust remains unaffected
D) a higher exhaust velocity causing an increase in thrust

Variable stator vanes and variable bleed valves are positioned using... from the...
A) engine oil, HP pump
B) hydraulic fluid, main hydraulic system
C) hydraulic fluid, standby hydraulic system
D) servo fuel, fuel control unit

What is the purpose of the diffuser vanes in a centrifugal compressor?

A) To direct the compressed air into the turbine inlet
B) To direct the compressed air into the next compressor stage
C) To convert pressure into kinetic energy
D) To convert kinetic into pressure energy
The primary reason for a limitation being imposed on the temperature of gas flow is to:
A) ensure that the maximum acceptable temperature within the combustion
chamber is not exceeded
B) prevent overheating and subsequent creep of the nozzle guide vanes
C) prevent damage to the jet pipe from overheating
D) ensure that the maximum acceptable temperature at the turbine blades
is not exceeded

What makes the non-rigid fittings of compressor and turbine blades rigid when the engine is running?
A) Aerodynamic force
B) Centrifugal force
C) Oil pressure
D) Aerodynamic and Centrifugal force

61. As air flows through a centrifugal compressor of a gas turbine engine, when flowing from the eye
to the tips of the impeller blades:
A) velocity increases, pressure decreases and temperature reduces
B) velocity decreases, pressure increases and temperature increases
C) velocity increases, pressure remains near constant and temperature
decreases
D) velocity increases, pressure increases and temperature increases

Gas turbine engine compressor bleed air, when used to cool nozzle guide vanes is bled from:
A) the HP compressor
B) the LP end of the compressor
C) a by pass duct
D) a ram air duct in the engine intake
An impulse turbine is a turbine in which the expansion takes place:
A) in the rotor and in the stator
B) fully in the rotor
C) fully at the stator
D) in order to produce a degree of jet propulsion

A " fan" stage of a ducted-fan turbine engine is driven by:

A) the high pressure compressor through reduction gearing
B) the low pressure turbine
C) the high pressure turbine
D) airflow drawn across it by the high pressure compressor

Inlet guide vanes are use to:

A) direct the air into the combustion chamber
B) impart an angular change to the air flow
C) reduce the velocity of the air entering the combustion chamber
D) direct the exhaust air from the turbine to the atmosphere
The purpose of a gas turbine active clearance control system is to:
A) enhance turbine blade tip clearance
B) eliminate turbine blade creep
C) reduce turbine blade creep
D) adjust turbine blade length with variations in temperature
The absolute velocity in the rotor of an axial compressor ..., while the relative velocity...
A) remains the same, decreases
B) increases, decreases
C) remains the same, increases
D) decreases, increases
In a free turbine engine:
A) its shaft may be connected to either a compressor or another turbine
B) the air enters the compressor via the input turbine
C) the compressor and power output shaft are mechanically connected
D) there is no mechanical connection between the compressor and the power output shaft

The diffuser vane shroud consists of a number of:

A) divergent passages
B) convergent passages
C) baffled passages
D) parallel sided passages
In a multi combuster gas turbine engine, how many igniters are fitted?
A) one igniter per combustion chamber and two stand-by igniters for emergency ignition
B) two igniters per combustion chamber
C) one igniter per combustion chamber
D) two igniters in two combustion chambers
In the axial flow compressor of a turbo-jet engine, the flow duct is tapered. Its shape is calculated so as to:
A) maintain a constant axial speed in cruising flight
B) reduce the axial speed, whatever the engine rating
C) reduce the axial speed in cruising flight
D) maintain a constant axial speed whatever the engine rating
An advantage of a double sided impeller is:
A) the frontal area of the engine is increased
B) the frontal area of the engine is decreased
C) pre-heating of the air occurs
D) a larger turbine must be used
Before entering the combustion chamber, compressor air passes through:
A) a divergent duct to increase the pressure
B) a divergent duct to decrease the pressure
C) a divergent duct to decrease the temperature of the airflow
D) nozzles to increase the velocity
If the airflow through the compressor is radial, the compressor is called a... compressor.
A) impulse
B) axial
C) positive displacement
D) centrifugal
The front fan of a High By-pass gas turbine engine is driven by:
A) ram air
B) the LP compressor
C) the HP turbine
D) the LP turbine
A convergent nozzle is choked when:
A) the gas flow through it is subsonic
B) the gas temperature drops when nozzle area increases
C) the gas flow through the nozzle is sonic at the throat
D) the gas temperature rises when the nozzle area decreases
The most probable cause of small fluctuations in the oil pressure would be:
A) air in the oil tank
B) the pressure relief valve sticking
C) the scavenge pump working at a greater capacity than the pressure pump
D) lack of oil
Compressor inlet pressure must be:
A) as near as possible to total head pressure
B) low pressure with low velocity
C) low pressure with high velocity
D) as far away as possible from total head pressure
It is necessary to have a combustion drain system:
A) to allow removal of all moisture in the fuel
B) to prevent pressure building up in the combustion chamber
C) to provide extra fuel for engine starting
D) to prevent initial over-fuelling on start up, or when there is a wet start
A stage in an axial compressor:
A) is made of stator blades followed by a rotor disc
B) has a compression ratio in the order of 2,1
C) is made of a rotor disc followed by a row of stator blades
D) has a compression ratio in the order of 0,8

81. Temperatures within the combustion system is limited by:

A) jet pipe materials
B) compressor blade materials
C) turbine blade and nozzle materials
D) flame tube materials
Engine Systems:
1. Normally, thrust reversers can only be unlocked if:
A) the landing gear is selected down
B) the pilot selects the thrust reverser
C) the landing gear squat switch is closed
D) the radio altitude is below 250ft
In a fuel system, the oil to fuel heat exchanger allows:
A) fuel cooling so as to prevent vapor creation likely to unprime nozzles
B) automatic fuel heating by the engine oil so as to prevent icing in fuel filter
C) fuel heating as required whenever fuel filter clogging is detected
D) jet engine oil cooling through thermal exchange with fuel flowing from tanks
The best proportion of water and methanol is:
A) 30 percent of methanol with 70 percent of water
B) 60 percent of water with 40 percent of methanol
C) 60 percent of methanol with 40 percent of water
D) 70 percent of water with 30 percent of methanol
A reverse thrust door warning light on the flight deck instrument panel illuminates when:
A) reverse has been selected but the doors have remained locked
B) the reverser doors have moved to the reverse thrust position
C) the reverser doors are locked
D) the reverser doors are unlocked
The rate of discharge of a HEIU is:
A) 60 - 100 per second
B) 100 - 120 per second
C) 60 - 100 per minute
D) 4 discharges per revolution
What limits the oil pressure in the fuel cooled oil cooler?
A) An adjustable relief valve in the inlet connection
B) A by-pass valve between the fuel inlet and oil outlet
C) A by-pass valve between inlet and outlet connections
D) An adjustable relief valve between inlet and outlet connections
The main advantage of a turbo-starter is:
A) safer in operation
B) quieter
C) simpler system
D) no external connections required
The oil used in gas turbine lubrication system is:
A) low viscosity detergent oil
B) low viscosity mineral oil
C) synthetic anti freeze oil
D) low viscosity machine oil
Why is a centrifugal breather fitted in the oil system?
A) To prevent sludge forming
B) To assist in scavenging of the oil
C) To prevent oil mist passing to atmosphere
D) To assist in pressurising the oil seals
A fuel strainer when fitted to a carburetor will be positioned:
A) between the metering jet and the discharge nozzle.
B) downstream of the discharge nozzle.
C) upstream of the needle valve.
D) between the needle valve and the metering jet.
In very cold weather, the pilot notices during startup, a slightly higher than normal oil pressure. This
higher pressure:
A) requires an oil change.
B) is abnormal but does not require the engine to be shut down.
C) is normal, if it decreases after startup.
D) is abnormal and requires the engine to be shut down.
A gas turbine engine is stopped by closing:
A) LP cock
B) throttle valve
C) any of the above
D) HP cock
The usual methods of starting civil aircraft engines are:
A) Air starter motor or starter cartridge
B) AVPIN or compressed air bottles
C) Electrical starter motor or AVPIN
D) Air starter motor or electrical starter motor
An oil tank " hot pipe" is for:
A) allowing a proportion of the oil to heat up to operating temperature quickly on start up
B) providing a reserve of hot oil to feather the prop in the event of a major oil leak
C) de-aerating the oil
D) allowing excess hot oil to vent through the crankcase breather
What is the purpose of the FCOC (Fuel Cooled Oil Cooler)?
A) To heat the oil and cool the fuel
B) To heat the fuel and cool the oil
C) To by-pass oil to the engine if the oil pressure filter becomes blocked
D) To maintain the oil at the correct temperature
A typical dual head fire extinguisher system has:
A) two fire bottles for all engines
B) one fire bottle per two engines
C) two fire bottles per one engine
D) two fire bottles per two engines
13 liters of oil is added to an oil tank and the specific gravity of the oil is 0.90. The weight of the oil
added is:
A) 2.86 USG.
B) 25.8 lbs.
C) 11.7 lbs.
D) 3.43 Imp. gall.
When is ice protection required:
A) On the ground in temperatures if greater than +10° C
B) Should be switched on when the engine is running
C) Flying in cloud in a temperature of +15° C
D) Flying in cloud through supercooled water droplets
On most gas turbine engines the Take-off power has a time limit of:
A) 5 minutes only
B) 10 minutes
C) 5 minutes unless an emergency exists which requires this power
D) 15 minutes
Oil returning to the oil tank is filtered by:
A) the oil pressure filter
B) the oil by-pass filter
C) the oil tank filter
D) the oil scavenger filter

21. What will be the effect of operating the intake anti-icing system of a gas turbine engine?
A) Increased power at altitude
B) No change in power
C) A decrease in power
D) Increased power for take off
A gas turbine engine is shut-down by closing:
A) the throttle valve
B) switching off the ignition
C) HP cock
D) LP cock
Engine anti-icing systems use compressor tapped air which... affect engine thrust and... used during
the take off phase when icing is forecast.
A) does not; is
B) does; is not
C) does; is
D) does not; is not
How is the danger of the formation of ice crystals in the fuel system reduced?
A) By using a filter
B) By using a pressurising and dump valve
C) By using a fuel/oil heat exchanger
D) By using a pressure differential switch
The accessory units driven by the accessory gearbox of a turbo-jet engine are the:
1. tacho-generator N1
2. tacho-generator N2
3. thrust reverser pneumatic motors
4. AC generator and its Constant Speed Unit (CSD)
5. oil pumps
6. hydraulic pumps
7. high pressure fuel pumps
The combination regrouping all the correct statements is:
A) 2, 4, 5, 6
B) 1, 4, 5, 6, 7
C) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
D) 4, 5, 6, 7
Engine oil pressure:
A) increases with increasing engine speed
B) is unaffected by engine speed
C) increases with decreasing engine speed
D) decreases with increasing engine speed
If the engine oil is at a low temperature there will be:
A) a lower oil pressure
B) a restriction of oil flow
C) an increase in oil flow
D) a reduction in flow
There are two types of oil system:
A) Total loss and full flow systems
B) Pressure relief and full flow systems
C) None of the above
D) Total loss and pressure relief types
An oil pressure relief valve is fitted to:
A) maintain constant temperature
B) by-pass a filter during a cold start
C) filter the oil
D) maintain constant pressure under varying speeds
Gas turbine engine main bearings are lubricated by continuous recirculating system using:
A) synthetic oil
B) natural based oil
C) mineral based oil
D) vegetable based oil
The air supply to operate an air starter usually comes from:
A) an external air supply
B) storage bottles carried in the aircraft
C) the auxiliary power unit
D) all of the above
Consider the variable-pitch propeller of a turbo-prop aircraft.
During deceleration:
A) at zero power, the propeller thrust is zero and the engine power absorbed is nil
B) when braking, the propeller supplies negative thrust and absorbs engine power
C) with propeller windmilling, the thrust is zero and the propeller supplies engine power
D) when feathered, the propeller produces thrust and absorbs no engine power

Air conditioning systems use ... which ... affect engine thrust.
A) turbine bleed air, does
B) APU bleed air, does NOT
C) compressor bleed air, does
D) compressor bleed air, does NOT
The reverse thrust levers are located on the:
A) Back of the thrust levers
B) Forward face of the LP cocks
C) Forward face of the thrust levers
D) Back of the HP cocks
Formation of ice crystals in the fuel system can be reduced:
A) using a pressure differential switch
B) when high quality fuel is used
C) when wing anti-ice is switched on
D) when the fuel is heated in a fuel/oil or fuel/air heat exchanger
In a dry sump lubricating system the relationship of the scavenge pump to the supply pump is:
A) a smaller capacity
B) the same capacity
C) a larger capacity
D) none of the above
Reverse thrust lights come on when:
A) when reverse power above idle is selected
B) when the doors move towards the stowed position inadvertently
C) when reverse thrust is selected in flight
D) reverser doors are unlocked
When does the engine High Pressure fuel shut off valve close?
A) When the engine fuel switch is selected 'on' during engine start
B) When flight idle is selected
C) When the engine fuel switch is selected 'off' during engine shut-down
D) After a booster pump failure
The use of igniters is necessary on a turbo-jet:

1. throughout the operating range of the engine

2. for accelerations
3. for ground starts
4. for in-flight relights
5. during turbulence in flight
6. under heavy precipitation or in icing conditions
The combination which regroups all of the correct statements is:
A) 2 - 3 - 4
B) 3
C) 1
D) 3 - 4 - 5 - 6
The main types of thrust reverser used on modern civil gas turbine engines are:
A) coldstream reversal, bucket door and clamshell door
B) bucket door, coldstream reversal and recycle flow
C) reverse flow, clamshell door and bucket door
D) bucket door, reverse fan pitch and clamshell door

41. Clamshell doors are selected and actuated by the following means:
A) Electrically and electric actuator respectively
B) Hydraulically and electrical actuator respectively
C) Mechanically and hydraulically respectively
D) Mechanically and pneumatically respectively
The most probable cause of small fluctuations in oil pressure would be:
A) the pressure relief valve sticking
B) lack of oil
C) the scavenge pump working at a greater rate than the pressure pump
D) the use of an incorrect grade of oil
Using compressor bleed air to power systems:
A) decreases aircraft performance
B) is limited to the phases of take-off and landing
C) increases aircraft performance
D) has no influence on aircraft performance
The oil temperature gauge records the temperature of the oil:
A) at the oil cooler
B) being delivered to the engine
C) returning from the sump to the oil cooler
D) in the tank
The oil system for a piston engine incorporates an oil cooler that is fitted:
A) after the pressure pump but before the oil passes through the engine.
B) after the oil has passed through the engine and before it enters the
pump.
C) between the oil tank and the pressure pump.
D) in the return line to the oil tank after the oil has passed through the
scavenge pump.
Immediately after starting engine(s) with no other electrical services switched on, an ammeter is
showing a high charge rate to the battery.
A) indicates a generator failure, thus requiring the engine to be shut down
immediately
B) would be normal and is only cause for concern if the high charge rate
persists
C) indicates a battery failure since there should be no immediate chargre
D) indicates a faulty reverse current relay
It is necessary to control fuel supply to the engine during rapid acceleration:
A) to prevent engine overspeed
B) to prevent turbine surge
C) for better fuel economy
D) to prevent compressor surge and/or a high EGT
Compressor bleed air for air conditioning and pressurisation is taken from the... compressor stages.
A) intermediate and rear
B) front
C) intermediate
D) rear
The thrust reverser in a High By-pass engine reverses the flow:
A) of the hot gas by means of blocking the normal outlet, causing reverse
flow through the engine
B) by blocking the normal outlet of LP compressor air in the by-pass
C) of hot and cold air by reversing the pitch of the LP compressor blades
D) by using HP air in the by-pass duct and deflecting it through cascade
vanes
The reason for having a low pressure fuel-cooled oil cooler in a recirculatory type oil system is to:
A) cool both the oil and the fuel
B) cool the oil only
C) cool the oil and heat the fuel
D) heat the fuel only
Auxiliary Power Unit:
The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) has its own AC generator which:
A) must have the same characteristics as the main AC generator so that it
can be easily coupled with the latter
B) is excited by its Generator Control Unit (GCU) as soon as the APU starts up
C) is driven at constant speed through a Constant Speed Drive (CSD) in the
same way as the main AC generator
D) supplies the aircraft with three-phase 115-200 V, 400 Hz AC
Which of the following will cause an APU to automatically shut down?
A) high EGT and low oil pressure
B) excessive EGT and open squat switches on takeoff
C) low rpm and high EGT
D) closed squat switches and high rpm
What is the purpose of an APU?
A) to provide air conditioning air on the ground, and emergency electrical
power in flight
B) to provide air conditioning air and electrical power when the aircraft is on
the ground
C) to provide additional thrust for takeoff
D) to provide air conditioning air and electrical power on the ground, and
also, in an emergency, in flight
In addition to fire detention/protection, most auxiliary power units (APU’ s) have automatic controls
for stating, stopping and maintaining operation within safe limits. These controls provide correct
sequencing of the starting cycle as well as protection against:
A) high TGT and loss of oil pressure only
B) high turbine gas temperature (TGT), overspeed, loss of oil pressure and
high oil temperature
C) overspeed and high oil temperature only
D) high TGT only
A modern Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) is designed to provide power for ground starting of an engine. It
also supplies both in the air (subject of certification limitations) and on the ground:
A) air conditioning and thrust in the event of engine failure
B) air conditioning and electrical services
C) air conditioning and electrical services (on the ground) electrical and
hydraulic back-up services (in the air)
D) either air conditioning or electrical services, but never both at the same time

On the ground, the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) can be substituted for the:
A) ground power unit, the starting system
B) ground power unit, the starting system, the air conditioning unit
C) ground power unit
D) ground power unit, the air conditioning unit