V

PA
-
2
2
2
:
Veterinary
P
rotozoology
(
2
+1
)
SYLLABUS
THEORY
Introduction and general description to protozoa an
d their development.
Differentiation from protophyta, bacterial and rick
ettsia, Classification Life cycle in
relation to transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis a
nd control, of protozoa of veterinary
importance. Kalazar (visceral and cutaneous leishma
niasis, Animal trypanosomosis
(surra), trypanosomosis (due to African Trypanosoma
) in cattle and man. Bovine and
avian trichomonosis black head in turkeys (Histomon
as). Bovine amoebae (Entamoeba
and Balantidium). Giardia sp, Coccidia and coccidio
sis of poultry and animals.
Cryptosporidiosis, Cyst forming coccidian (Toxoplas
ma, Sarcocystis). Neospora
(Neospora caninum). Malaria parasite of animals and
poultry (Plasmodium and
Haemoproteus), Piroplasmosis (Babesia), Theilerosis
(Theileria). Recent developments
in protozoan vaccines for field use. International
regulations for control of different
protozoan diseases.
PRACTICAL
Examination of faecal materials of identification o
f intestinal protozoa, coccidian and
flagellates. Preparation of blood smears, their sta
ining and examination of slides for
haemoprotozoan parasites. Methods of collection, fi
xation, preservation and mounting
or protozoan parasites. Identification of represent
ative slides of protozoan parasites.

A
Amastigote

:
(Leishmania like bodies) The body is rounded. Flagellum is absent or represented by short
fibrils. Kinetoplast is present and seen in vertebrates
Amastigotes

:
 The body is rounded.Flagellum is absent or represented by short fibrils.
 Kinetoplast is present and seen in vertebrates.
Anaemia

:
Quality and quantity changes in blood
Anisogamete

:
Gametes of different size
Aqueous humor
:
Fluid present in anterior chamber of eye
Asexual reporoduction

:
reproduction without formation of gametes
B
Buffy coat

:
a white layer of cells chiefly white blood cells after centrifugation of blood
C
Clonal expansion

multiplication of cell from a single parent cell

Communal bulls

:
bulls maintained by village headman for natural service
Conjunctivitis

:
Inflammation of conjunctival mucosa
Corneal opacity

:
clouding of cornea preventing vision partially
Cryptic or Occult

:
hidden meaning T.theileri is not easily demonstrable in blood
Cytopyge

:
is the cell anus through which the excretory products are sent out from protozoa specifically
ciliates
Cytostome

:
It is a permanent mouth in ciliates through which food enters
 D
Draught animal

:
working bullock
Dyskinetoplastic

:
Loss of kinetoplast sporadically or sequelae to treatment with certain dyes and drugs
E
Encephalitis

:
Inflammation of brain
Epimastigote

:
(Crithidial) kinetoplast with axoneme is anterior to nucleus. Undulating membrane is short. This
stage is seen in vertebrates but principally a stage in arthropod
Erythrophagocytosis

:
Engulfing or eating away of RBC by phagocytes
Eukaryotic

:
nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane
F
Feulgen

:
It is a staining to detect the presence or absence of DNA
H
Haematophagous flies

:
flies feeding on animal or human blood like mosquitoes, Tabanus , etc
Haemoflagellates

:
flagellated organism such as trypanosomes and leishmania in blood
Heteroxenous

:
A parasite requires two hosts to complete lifecycle
Hypoglycemia

:
decrease in blood glucose level
I
Iaotrogenic

:
unknown cause
Isogametes

:
gametes of similar size
K
keratitis

:
inflammation of cornea
kinetoplast

:
mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes
kinetosome

:
also known as blepharoblast from which flagellum arises
L
Longitudinal binary fission

:
asexual reproduction by dividing longitudinally
M
Melanosoma

:
pigments which are photosensitive
Meront

:
parent cell that undergoes schizogony
Metazoa.

:
Multicellular organisms
Mononuclear phagocytic cells

:
It includes cells of secondary lymphoid organs
Myonemes

Muscular fibres seen between kinetoplast and centrally placed nucleus

N
NNN medium

:
Novy Mc Neal Nicolle medium used for cultivation of Trypanosomes and Leishmania
O
Occult (or) Cryptic trypanosome

rarely found in blood smears. Usually it occurs in latent form or hidden form i.e., organism
occurs in the lymph nodes.
Ookinete

:
motile zygote
Organelle

:
differentiated portions of cells that perform different functions
P
Parasitaemia

:
number of blood cells (RBC) infected with parasites per 100 cells counted
PCV

:
packed cell volume- % of cells packed after centrifugation of blood leaving the plasma
supernatant
Peripheral blood smear

:
smear prepared from blood drawn out of peripheral capillaries
Phytoflagellates

:
plants with flagella
Pinocytosis

:
cell drinking
Placentitis

:
Inflammation of placenta
Poult

:
young one of turkey
Prokaryotic

:
nucleus not surrounded by a nuclear membrane
Promastigote

:
( Leptomonad) kinetoplast and axoneme are at anterior tip of the body with no undulating
membrane. It is mostly seen in invertebrates or cultures.
Promastigotes

:
Kinetoplast and axoneme are at anterior tip of the body with no undulating membrane.
Protista

:
In the classification of living things, unicellular organisms are grouped in this kingdom
Protozoa

:
unicellular and microscopic living organism
Pseudocyst

cyst wall formed by host

R
Reservoir host

:
a host which harbours infective stage of another definitive host acting a source of infection to
that particular host
Romanowsky stain

:
It includes Leishmania, Giemsa and Wright stains
S
Schizogony

:
Asexual reproduction resulting in the formation of many daughter cells (merozoites)
Spores

:
resistant cyst
Stercoraria

:
posterior station development
Sub clinical

:
clinical signs less pronounced
Surra

:
Hindi word meaning rotten
Swarming
:
crowding/ occuring in large numbers
T
Thrombocytopenia

:
reduction of thrombocyte number
Thut

:
chronic trypanosomosis in elephants
Tibersa

:
three year disease - refers to chronic nature of trypanosomosis in camels
Toxaemia

:
toxin in blood
Trypomastigote

(Trypanosomes) This is the form seen normally in blood films of infected animals. It is blade
like form, kinetoplast posterior to nucleus and near to posterior extremity. Undulating membrane
is well developed. Free flagellum is often present. Found in vertebrate host and also in
arthropods.It is the infective stage for the invertebrate host.
Typhilitis

:
inflammation of caecum
V
Vaginal speculum

:
apparatus useful for examination of vagina
Vector

:
An arthropod that transmits infection from one host to another. It is of two types; mechanical and
cyclical vector
Visceral leishmaniosis

:
Leishmaniosis affecting all visceral organs
VSG

:
Variable surface glycoprotein on the surface of trypanosomes responsible for immune evasion
W
Wet film

:
drop of blood examined on a glass slide without staining
X
xenodiagnosis

:
Xenodiagnosis is a method of diagnosis by infecting suspected material into susceptible
invertebrate vector host or allowing the vectors to feed on suspected individual and
demonstration of the organism in the vector.
Z
Zebu

:
Indian cattle
Zoonoses

:
zoonoses refers to diseases that are transmitted from animal to man and vice versa

V
PA
-
2
2
2
:
Veterinary
P
rotozoology
(
2
+1
)
SYLLABUS
THEORY
Introduction and general description to protozoa an
d their development.
Differentiation from protophyta, bacterial and rick
ettsia, Classification Life cycle in
relation to transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis a
nd control, of protozoa of veterinary
importance. Kalazar (visceral and cutaneous leishma
niasis, Animal trypanosomosis
(surra), trypanosomosis (due to African Trypanosoma
) in cattle and man. Bovine and
avian trichomonosis black head in turkeys (Histomon
as). Bovine amoebae (Entamoeba
and Balantidium). Giardia sp, Coccidia and coccidio
sis of poultry and animals.
Cryptosporidiosis, Cyst forming coccidian (Toxoplas
ma, Sarcocystis). Neospora
(Neospora caninum). Malaria parasite of animals and
poultry (Plasmodium and
Haemoproteus), Piroplasmosis (Babesia), Theilerosis
(Theileria). Recent developments
in protozoan vaccines for field use. International
regulations for control of different
protozoan diseases.
PRACTICAL
Examination of faecal materials of identification o
f intestinal protozoa, coccidian and
flagellates. Preparation of blood smears, their sta
ining and examination of slides for
haemoprotozoan parasites. Methods of collection, fi
xation, preservation and mounting
or protozoan parasites. Identification of represent
ative slides of protozoan parasites.