International journal of basic and applied research

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ISSN 2249-3352 (P) 2278-0505 (E)
Cosmos Impact Factor-5.86

A review on eco-friendly synthesis and application of metal nano

particles using medicinal plants
Negi Aayasha, Prachi, Singh Mahender, Negi D. S.

Department of Chemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (A Central) University,

Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India, 246174

Abstract
Eco friendly Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles has become a major focus of researchers. In order to
synthesize well characterize NPs the most considerable method of production is using Organism.
Among these organisms plant has wrapped up in immense Consideration because the Nanoparicles
using plants are gaining more importance owning to its Stability, Simplicity, Diverse morphologies,
Economic Viability, rapid rate of synthesis etc. In this review, we have attempted to enlighten the
anthology with the activities going on in the field of Green Synthesis of Metal NPs with highlighting
their biomedical applications.

Keywords: Biological Application, Eco-friendly Synthesis, Metal Nanoparticles, Plants.

Introduction

Nano indicates 10-9or one Billionth of a meter. NPs are cluster of Atoms and their size is from 1-
100nm.1 Unlike bulk material they have unique Thermal, Optical, Electrical, Chemical, Physical
properties & hence it includes wide range of application in field of Medicine, Envirnoment,
agriculture, Information, energy , and Communication. Nanotechnology is always surrounded by the
fact that the particles at nano scales acts differently. 3 NPs are most common in nature, life depends
upon nano sized objects like protein, enzymes & DNA.4 Biogenic Synthesis is a kind of bottom Up
approach its same as chemical reduction where a reducing agent is replaced by natural product‟s
extract having stabilizing, growth terminating and capping properties. 5 An economic novel choice of
synthesizing NPs is Green Method.6 Green method has been described as clean method to reduce
potential environmental and human health risks associated with manufacture. 7 In this method there is
no need to use high pressure high temperarure energy and toxic chemicals.8 Nano particles have
wide range of Applications in Field of high sensitivity therapeutics and antimicrobials, Biomolecular
detection and diagnostis, Catalysis and microelectronics.9 In the present review we focus on the
Synthesis of metal NPs using extract obtained from Himalayan Medicinal plant. We attempt to present
an elaborate work done in field of Eco-friendly Synthesis of NPs dwelling upon their advantages,
Challenges and future prospects.

Green synthetic method over other methods

491 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January

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Cosmos Impact Factor-5.86

Metallic NPs can be synthesis from several methods. Many of these methods are easy approach to
control size, shape and characterstics.10 Broadly these are of 2 types:-

(a) Chemical Approach

(b) Physical Approach

Chemical approach involves reduction of metal complexes in dilute solutions with respective
reductant, leading to synthesis of a stable colloidal dispersion of NPs 11. The problem associated with
the method is that many of reactants, starting material, stabilizer and solvent used in this method are
toxic and hazardous.12 It often requires high temperature however in large scale synthesis high
temperature is an expensive commodity.13

Physical method provides an alternate route which includes electric arc discharge 14 flame pyrolysis15
ball milling 16 and laser abalation17. The advantage of method is that it is free from Chemical Toxicity
but this method requires high temperature and pressure and hence is an energy consuming
Method.18At this point the most relevant method is Green Chemistry. It is involved with the design,
development and implementation of chemical processes with the objective of eliminating health
hazardous substances.19 Phytoming is the use of hyper accumulating plant to extract a metal from
biomass in order to return an economic advantage.20

Study of NPs biosynthesis using plants

S. Plant Shape Metal Part Used Size(nm) Applications Referen

N ce
1 Acalypha Indica Spherical Au Leaf <30 Cytotoxic 21
Spherical Ag Leaf 20-25 Antibacterial 22
Spherical CuO Leaf 26-30 Antibacterial Antifungal 23
2 Acorus Calamus Spherical Au Rhizome 10 Antibacterial Antimicrobial 24
Spherical Ag Rhizome 31.86 Antioxidant Anticarcinogenic 25-26

3 Aerva Lanata Spherical Ag Leaf 19.06 Catalytic Activity 27

4 Alfafa FCC Ni Sprout 1–6 - 28
5 Allium Cepa Spherical Zno Root 100 Clastogenic & cytotoxic 29
agent
Hexagonal -
Spherical Au Bulb 54 Anibacterial 30
cubic Ag Leaf 5.3-10.2 31
6 Aloe Vera Spherical&Cubic Ag Leaf 35-55 Mosquitocidal & antibacterial 32

492 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January

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Spherical Ag Leaf 70 Antifungal 33

Spherical Ag Pulp 25 Antibacterial 34
Spherical CuO Leaf 20-30 Antibacterial 35
Spherical ZnO Leaf 18-20 Antibiotics 36
oval&Hexagonal
7 Andrographus Spherical Ag Leaf 13-27 Hepatocurative 37
Paniculata
8 Animoles Indica Spherical Ag Leaf 25 Antimosquito Larvicidal 38
Activity
9 Apiin Quasi spherical Ag Leaf 39 - 39
Anisotropic Au Leaf 21 - 39
10 Arachishypogoea Spherical Cu2O Leaf 37 Antibacterial 40
11 Artemesia Indica Triangular Au Leaf 15-40 Tyrosinase Inhibitory 41
Spherical Ag Leaf 30-35 Antibacterial Effect 41
12 Avena sativa Rod Shaped Au Bark 5-20 - 42
13 Azadiarchia indica Flakes Zno Flowers 51 -
FeO Leaf 50-100 - 43
14 Barleria Cristata Spherical Ag Leaf 10-20 Antidiarrheoeal 44
Spherical Au Leaf 10-25 Antidiabetic Antiarthiritic 44
15 Black tea Spherical Pd Leaf 7 Catalytic 45
Prism Au Leaf 20 - 46
16 Brassica Oleraceaf Spherical &Sheet ZnO Leaf 79 Antibacterial 47
17 Caesalpiniapulc Spherical Au Flower 50 Antimicrobial 48
herrima Spherical Ag Flower 12 Cytotoxic Antioxidant 49
Genotoxic
18 Calotropis Hexagonal Zno Leaf 30-35 - 50
Gigantca Spherical Ag Latex 5-30 Antibacterial & cytotoxicity 51
19 Calotropisprocera Spherical Cu Milky latex 14-16 - 52
20 Camellia sinensis Hexagonal ZnO Leaf 16 Antibacterial 53
wurtzite
Spherical Ag peel 35 Antibacterial 54
21 Capsicum Annum Spherical Ag Leaf 50 - 55
22 Carica Papaya Spherical Fe Leaf 33 - 56
Spherical Ag Leaf 50-200 Antibacterial 57
FCC Ag Latex 6-18 Anticancerous Antibacterial 58

493 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January

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23 Cassia alata Spherical Ag Leaf 41 Antimicrobial 59

24 Cassia auriculata Spherical Au Leaf 15-25 Antidiabetic 60
Spherical Ag Leaf 20 Antimcrobial 61-62
Spherical CuO Leaf 30-35 Antibacterial 63
25 Cassia fistula Spherical Au Stem 58-90 Antihypoglycemic 64
Hexagonal ZnO Leaf 5-15 Antioxidant & Antibacterial 65
wurtzite
26 Catharanthus Spherical ZnO Leaf 23-57 Antibacterial 66
Rosen
27 Catharanthus Irregular Tio2 Leaf 25-110 Antiparasitic 67
roseus
28 Cinamon Cubic Hexagonal Ag Bark 31-40 Antibacterial 68
Zeylanicum Crystalline Pd Bark 15-20 - 69
29 Cinnamommum Spherical Ag Leaf 80 - 70
camphora Irregular Pd Leaf 3.6- 9.9 - 71
30 Citrus Spherical Ag Peel 35 Antibacterial 72
prismatic Au Fruit 15-80 - 73
31 Citrus Medica FCC Cu Fruit 33 Antimicrobial 74
32 Citrus Paradisi Spherical Zno Peel 12-72 Photocatalyst 75
33 Cleome Viscosa Spherical Ag Leaf 50 - 76
34 Cocus Nucifera FCC Ag Coir 21-25 Larvicidal Activity 77
Spherical Pb Leaf 47 Antimicrobial 78
35 Coleus aromaticus Spherical Ag Leaf 44 Antibacterial 79
36 Croton Spherical Ag Straw 22-52 Antibacterial & Antifungal 80
Sparsiflorus
37 Cycas Irregular Ag Leaf 41 Antibacterial 81
38 Cymbogon Spherical,Triangu Au Leaf 200 - 82
flexuosus lar
39 Datura Metel Quasi linear Ag Leaf 16-40 83
40 Desmodium Spherical Ag Leaf 5-20 - 84
triflorum
41 Dillenia indica Spherical Ag Fruit 11-24 Antibacterial 85
42 Dioscorea batatas Irregular Au Rhizome 18.48– Antimicrobial 86
56.18
43 Eclipta Spherical Ag Leaf 35-60 Larvicidal 87
Spherical TiO2 Leaf 49.5 - 88

494 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January

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Irregular Pd Leaf 28-30 Antiplasmodial 89

Irregular ZnO Leaf 29 Anticarcinogenic 90
44 Emblica Flakes ZnO Leaf 16 - 91
45 Emblicaofficinalis Spherical Ag Fruit 15 Antibacterial 92
Triangular Au Fruit 25 - 93
46 Eucalyptus Spheroidal Fe Leaf 20-80 - 94
47 Euphorbia Rod Shaped Ag Leaf 80 - 95
Prostrats
48 Gliricidia sepium Rough sphere Ag Leaf 27 - 96
49 Gloriosa Superba Spherical Ru Leaf 25-90 Antibacterial 97
Cubic CeO2 Leaf 5 Antibacterial 98
Spherical Ag Leaf 10-25 Catalytic Activity 99
Spherical CuO Leaf 5-10 Antibacterial 100
50 Gum karaya Needle CuO Gum 5-10 Antibacterial 101
51 Hibiscus Spherical Zno Leaf 16-60 Antibacterial & antidiabetic 102
Rosasinesis Spherical Au 14 - 103
Prism Ag 14 - 103
52 Jatropha curcas Spherical Ag Seed 15-50 - 104
FCC Ag Latex 10-20 - 105
Spherical TiO2 Latex 25-100 - 106
Spherical Pb Latex 10-12.5 - 107
53 Malva Sylvestris Spherical CuO Leaf 5-30 Antibacterial 108
Spherical Ag Leaf 25-30 toxicity against mosquito 109
larvae
54 Medicago Sativa Spherical Ag Seed 12 Antibacterial 110
55 Memecylonumbell Spherical Ag Leaf 20 - 111
atum
56 Mentha Piperita Spherical Ag Leaf 90 Antibacterial 112
57 Mirabilis jalapa Spherical Au Flower <100 Antimicrobial 113
58 Moringa Olefera Hexagonal ZnO Leaf 16-20 Antimicrobial 114
Wurtzite
Irregular NiO Leaf 9.69 Cytotoxic & Antibacterial 115
Cylendrical
Crystalline Ag Leaf 57 Antimicrobial
Spherical
Spherical Au Fruit 100 Anticancerous 116

495 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January

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117
59 Mulberry FCC Ag Leaf 28-33 Antibacterial 118
60 Murraya koenigii Spherical Ag Leaf 10 - 119
Spherical Au Leaf 20 - 119
61 Musa paradisiacal Crystalline Ag Peel 20 - 120
irregular
Spherical,Triangu Au Peel 50 Antibiotic 121
lar
62 Nelumbo nucifera Spherical Ag Leaf 25-80 Larvicidal 122
63 Nerium Oleander Spherical Ag Leaf 67 Antibacterial 123
64 Ocimum Sanctum Sphere(Irregular) Fe2O3 Leaf 20 - 124
Spherical Ag Root 10-12 - 125
Spherical Ag Leaf 4-30 Antimicrobial 126
Crystalline Au Leaf 30 - 127
Hexagonal
Irregular Pt Leaf 23 Electrolysis 128
65 Olea Europea Spherical Zno Leaf 41 - 129
Spherical CeO2 Leaf 24 Antimicrobial 130
Cubic Ag Seed 34 Antibacterial 131
66 Olive Spherical Ag Leaf 20-25 Antibacterial 132
Irregular Au Leaf 50-100 Antibacterial 133
67 Oryza sativa - TiO2 Straw 10-16 Photocatalyst 134
68 Pear Fruit Au Fruit 200-500 - 135
69 Pelargonium Triangular Au Leaf 20-40 - 136
graveolens Quasilinear Ag Leaf 16-40 Cytotoxicity 137
70 Phyllanthus Spherical Ag Leaf 32-53 Antibacterial 97 138
Amarus Cubic Au Leaf 65-99 - 138
Spherical CuO Leaf 20 Antibacterial 139
71 Physalis alkekengi Spherical ZnO Shoot 72.5 - 140
72 Psidium Guajava Spherical Au Fruit 25-30 - 141
73 Punica Granthum Spherical Ag Peel 30 Catalytic 142
Spherical&Square
Spherical
Spherical ZnO Peel 50-100 Antimicrobial 143
Ag Peel 4-6.5 - 144

496 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January

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Au Peel 9-11.5 -
74 Putranjivvaroxbur Spherical Ag Fruit 26.6 Larvicidal 145
ghi
Spherical Au Leaf 38 -
75 Rubia Cordifolia Decahedral ZnO Root 14.18 Antibacterial 146
Crystalline
76 Saururuschinesis Spherical Ag Leaf 54 - 147
77 Scutellaria barbata Spherical&Triang Au Herb 5-30 - 148
ular
78 Sedum alfredii Hexagonal ZnO Leaf 53.7 - 149
Wurtzite
Spherical
79 Sesbania Spherical Ag Leaf 10-25 Antibacterial 150
Grandiflora Spherical&triangu Au Leaf 7-34 Catalytic 151
lar
80 Switch grass spherical, rod- Ag Leaf 18-20 - 152
like, triangular,
pentagonal, and
hexagonal.
81 Syzygium Spherical Ag Flower 5-20 Anticancerous 153
Aromaticum
82 Tagetesarecta Irregular Ag Flower 30-90 Antifungal 154
Spherical Au Flower 10 - 155
83 Terminalia Spherical Au Leaf 21.9 - 156
catappa
84 Trianthemadecand Hexagonal Ag Root 50 Antimicrobial 157
ra
85 Uretica Dioica FCC Ag Leaf 20-30 Antibacterial Synergestic 158
with Antibiotics
86 Vitexenegundo Spherical Ag Leaf 30 Antiproliferative 159-160
87 Withania Irregular Ag Leaf 5-40 Antimicrobial 161
somnifera spherical
88 Xanthan Gum Spherical Pd Leaf 10 Catalytic Activity 162

497 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January

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Conclusions

Various methods have been used in formation of metallic NPs.Most of these methods are still in
progressing stage and the problems experienced are Stability and aggregation of NPs, control of
crystal growth,morphology,size and size distribution. Separation is still an another issue.the use of
natural resources is sustainable, inexpensive, eco- friendly and free of chemical contaminants. It was
Shown that plants synthesize NPs are more stable than synthesized by other organism and in order to
use an easy and safe green method plant extract is better option than plant biomass or living plant.
This review reports imperative roles of NPs Fe2O3,Pd,Ru,Pbs,Cu,Ag,Au,Zno,Cr203,CeO2,TiO2 in human
Welfare.

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50. Vidya, C., Hiremath, S., Chandraprabha, M. N., Antonyraj, M. L., Gopal, I. V., Jain, A., & Bansal,
K. (2013). Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by Calotropis gigantea. Int J Curr Eng
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51. Rajkuberan, C., Sudha, K., Sathishkumar, G., & Sivaramakrishnan, S. (2015). Antibacterial and
cytotoxic potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using latex of Calotropis gigantea
501 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January
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L. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 136, 924-930.

52. Harne, S., Sharma, A., Dhaygude, M., Joglekar, S., Kodam, K., & Hudlikar, M. (2012). Novel
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53. Senthilkumar, S. R., & Sivakumar, T. (2014). Green tea (Camellia sinensis) mediated synthesis
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54. Kaviya, S., Santhanalakshmi, J., Viswanathan, B., Muthumary, J., & Srinivasan, K. (2011).
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55. Li, S., Shen, Y., Xie, A., Yu, X., Qiu, L., Zhang, L., & Zhang, Q. (2007). Green synthesis of silver
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58. Chandrasekaran, R., Gnanasekar, S., Seetharaman, P., Keppanan, R., Arockiaswamy, W., &
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60. Kumar, V. G., Gokavarapu, S. D., Rajeswari, A., Dhas, T. S., Karthick, V., Kapadia, Z., ... &
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61. Parveen, A., Roy, A. S., & Rao, S. (2012). Biosynthesis and characterization of silver
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62. Udayasoorian, C., Kumar, K. V., & Jayabalakrishnan, M. (2011). Extracellular synthesis of silver
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502 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January

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64. Daisy, P., & Saipriya, K. (2012). Biochemical analysis of Cassia fistula aqueous extract and
phytochemically synthesized gold nanoparticles as hypoglycemic treatment for diabetes
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65. Suresh, D., Nethravathi, P. C., Rajanaika, H., Nagabhushana, H., & Sharma, S. C. (2015). Green
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66. Bhumi, G., & Savithramma, N. (2014). Biological synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles from
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67. Velayutham, K., Rahuman, A. A., Rajakumar, G., Santhoshkumar, T., Marimuthu, S., Jayaseelan,
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68. Sathishkumar, M., Sneha, K., Won, S. W., Cho, C. W., Kim, S., & Yun, Y. S. (2009). Cinnamon
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particles and its bactericidal activity. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 73(2), 332-338.
69. Sathishkumar, M., Sneha, K., Kwak, I. S., Mao, J., Tripathy, S. J., & Yun, Y. S. (2009). Phyto-
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70. Huang, J., Li, Q., Sun, D., Lu, Y., Su, Y., Yang, X., ... & Hong, J. (2007). Biosynthesis of silver and
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72. Kaviya, S., Santhanalakshmi, J., Viswanathan, B., Muthumary, J., & Srinivasan, K. (2011).
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Citrus sinensis peel extract and its antibacterial
activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 79(3), 594-
598.
73. Sujitha, M. V., & Kannan, S. (2013). Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Citrus fruits
(Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata and Citrus sinensis) aqueous extract and its
characterization. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 102,
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74. Shende, S., Ingle, A. P., Gade, A., & Rai, M. (2015). Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles by
Citrus medica Linn.(Idilimbu) juice and its antimicrobial activity. World Journal of
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75. Kumar, B., Smita, K., Cumbal, L., & Debut, A. (2014). Green approach for fabrication and
applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Bioinorganic chemistry and applications, 2014.
76. Sudha Lakshmi, G. Y., Banu, F., & Sahadevan, E. A. (2011). Green synthesis of silver
nanoparticles from Cleome viscosa: synthesis and antimicrobial activity. In International
503 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January
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conference on bioscience, biochemistry and bioinformatics IPCBEE, (5). 334-337.

77. Roopan, S. M., Madhumitha, G., Rahuman, A. A., Kamaraj, C., Bharathi, A., & Surendra, T. V.
(2013). Low-cost and eco-friendly phyto-synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cocos nucifera
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78. Elango, G., & Roopan, S. M. (2015). Green synthesis, spectroscopic investigation and
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79. Vanaja, M., & Annadurai, G. (2013). Coleus aromaticus leaf extract mediated synthesis of
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80. Kathiravan, V., Ravi, S., Ashokkumar, S., Velmurugan, S., Elumalai, K., & Khatiwada, C. P.
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81. Logeswari, P., Silambarasan, S., & Abraham, J. (2013). Ecofriendly synthesis of silver
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84. Ahmad, N., Sharma, S., Singh, V. N., Shamsi, S. F., Fatma, A., & Mehta, B. R. (2011).
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85. Singh, S., Saikia, J. P., & Buragohain, A. K. (2013). A novel „green‟synthesis of colloidal silver
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86. Sreekanth, T. V. M., Nagajyothi, P. C., Supraja, N., & Prasad, T. N. V. K. V. (2015). Evaluation of
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87. Rajakumar, G., & Rahuman, A. A. (2011). Larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles
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89. Rajakumar, G., Rahuman, A. A., Chung, I. M., Kirthi, A. V., Marimuthu, S., & Anbarasan, K.
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Eclipta prostrata extract against Plasmodium berghei in Swiss albino mice. Parasitology
research, 114(4), 1397-1406.
504 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January
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90. Chung, I. M., Rahuman, A. A., Marimuthu, S., Kirthi, A. V., Anbarasan, K., & Rajakumar, G.
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95. Zahir, A. A., Bagavan, A., Kamaraj, C., Elango, G., & Rahuman, A. A. (2012). Efficacy of plant-
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96. Raut Rajesh, W., Lakkakula Jaya, R., Kolekar Niranjan, S., Mendhulkar Vijay, D., & Kashid
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97. Gopinath, K., Karthika, V., Gowri, S., Senthilkumar, V., Kumaresan, S., & Arumugam, A. (2014).
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98. Arumugam, A., Karthikeyan, C., Hameed, A. S. H., Gopinath, K., Gowri, S., & Karthika, V.
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their structural, optical and antibacterial properties. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 49,
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99. Ashokkumar, S., Ravi, S., & Velmurugan, S. (2013). RETRACTED: Green synthesis of silver
nanoparticles from Gloriosa superba L. leaf extract and their catalytic activity.
100. Naika, H. R., Lingaraju, K., Manjunath, K., Kumar, D., Nagaraju, G., Suresh, D., &
Nagabhushana, H. (2015). Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Gloriosa superba L.
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101. Padil, V. V. T., & Černík, M. (2013). Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles
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102. Bala, N., Saha, S., Chakraborty, M., Maiti, M., Das, S., Basu, R., & Nandy, P. (2015).
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temperature on synthesis, anti-bacterial activity and anti-diabetic activity. RSC Advances, 5(7),
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505 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January
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103. Philip, D. (2010). Green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Hibiscus rosa
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104. Dwivedi, A. D., & Gopal, K. (2010). Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using
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105. Bar, H., Bhui, D. K., Sahoo, G. P., Sarkar, P., De, S. P., & Misra, A. (2009). Green
synthesis of silver nanoparticles using latex of Jatropha curcas. Colloids and surfaces A:
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106. Hudlikar, M., Joglekar, S., Dhaygude, M., & Kodam, K. (2012). Green synthesis of TiO2
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107. Joglekar, S., Kodam, K., Dhaygude, M., & Hudlikar, M. (2011). Novel route for rapid
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108. Awwad, A. M., Albiss, B. A., & Salem, N. M. (2015). Antibacterial activity of synthesized
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110. Lukman, A. I., Gong, B., Marjo, C. E., Roessner, U., & Harris, A. T. (2011). Facile
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112. MubarakAli, D., Thajuddin, N., Jeganathan, K., & Gunasekaran, M. (2011). Plant extract
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113. Vankar, P. S., & Bajpai, D. (2010). Preparation of gold nanoparticles from Mirabilis
jalapa flowers.
114. Elumalai, K., Velmurugan, S., Ravi, S., Kathiravan, V., & Ashokkumar, S. (2015).
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and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity.
115. Ezhilarasi, A. A., Vijaya, J. J., Kaviyarasu, K., Maaza, M., Ayeshamariam, A., & Kennedy,
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117. Anand, K., Gengan, R. M., Phulukdaree, A., & Chuturgoon, A. (2015). Agroforestry
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506 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January
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cancer and catalytic activity. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 21, 1105-1111.

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119. Philip, D., Unni, C., Aromal, S. A., & Vidhu, V. K. (2011). Murraya koenigii leaf-assisted
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120. Bankar, A., Joshi, B., Kumar, A. R., & Zinjarde, S. (2010). Banana peel extract mediated
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121. Vijayakumar, S., Vaseeharan, B., Malaikozhundan, B., Gopi, N., Ekambaram, P.,
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122. Santhoshkumar, T., Rahuman, A. A., Rajakumar, G., Marimuthu, S., Bagavan, A.,
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128. Soundarrajan, C., Sankari, A., Dhandapani, P., Maruthamuthu, S., Ravichandran, S.,
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507 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January
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130. Maqbool, Q., Nazar, M., Naz, S., Hussain, T., Jabeen, N., Kausar, R., ... & Jan, T. (2016).
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135. Ghodake, G. S., Deshpande, N. G., Lee, Y. P., & Jin, E. S. (2010). Pear fruit extract-
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136. Shankar, S. S., Ahmad, A., Pasricha, R., & Sastry, M. (2003). Bioreduction of
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137. Shankar, S. S., Ahmad, A., & Sastry, M. (2003). Geranium leaf assisted biosynthesis of
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140. Qu, J., Yuan, X., Wang, X., & Shao, P. (2011). Zinc accumulation and synthesis of ZnO
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508 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January
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144. Ahmad, N., Sharma, S., & Rai, R. (2012). Rapid green synthesis of silver and gold
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509 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January

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 International journal of basic and applied research
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510 Received: 8 January Revised: 17 January Accepted: 24 January

Index in Cosmos
February 2019 Volume 9 Number 2
UGC Approved Journal