8.

𝑦 = 3𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 + 8

Solucion:

Primer paso: 𝑦 = 3𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 + 8

𝑦 ´ = 12𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 − 24𝑥

Segundo Paso: 𝑦 ´ = 0 → 12𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 = 0

𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 0
Por spa simple: x = 0, x =2 y x = −1

Tercer paso:

𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 3(0)4 − 4(0)3 − 12(0)2 + 8 = 8

𝑦 = 8 → (0,8)𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜

𝑥 = 2 → 𝑦 = 3(2)4 − 4(2)3 − 1222 + 8 = −24

𝑦 = −24 → (2, −24)𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜

𝑥 = −1 → 𝑦 = 3(−1)4 − 4(−1)3 − 12(−1)2 + 8 = 3

𝑦 = 3 → (−1,3)𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜

𝑥(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1)

𝑥 < −1 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑥 = −2 → 𝑦 = (−)(−)(−) = (−) 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒

−1 < 𝑥 < 0 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑥 = 0.5 → 𝑦 = (−)(−)(+) = (+) 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
0 < 𝑥 < 2 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑥 = 1 → 𝑦 = (+)(−)(+) = (+) 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝑥 > 2 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑥 = 3 → 𝑦 = (+)(+)(+) = (+) 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
9. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 5 − 20𝑥 3

Solución:

Primer paso: 𝑦 = 3𝑥 5 − 20𝑥 3

𝑦′ = 15𝑥 4 − 60𝑥 2

Segundo paso: 𝑦 ′ = 0 → 15𝑥 4 − 60𝑥 2 = 0

Valores críticos obtenidos por spa simple: x = 0 x = 2 x = -2

Paso 3:

𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 3(0)5 − 20(0)3
𝑦 = 0 → (0,0)𝑃𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜

𝑥 = 2 → 𝑦 = 3(2)5 − 20(2)3

𝑦 = −64 → (2, −64)𝑃𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜

𝑥 = −2 → 𝑦 = 3(−2)5 − 20(−2)3
𝑦 = 64 → (−2,64)𝑃𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑥(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)

𝑥 < −2 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑥 = −3 → 𝑦 = (−)(−)(−) = (−) 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒

−2 < 𝑥 < 0 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑥 = −1 → 𝑦 = (−)(+)(−) = (+) 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
0 < 𝑥 < 2 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑥 = 1 → 𝑦 = (+)(+)(−) = (−) 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝑥 > 2 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑥 = 3 → 𝑦 = (+)(+)(+) = (+) 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒

10. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 30𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 − 8

Solucion:

Primer paso:𝑦 = 3𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 − 30𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 − 8

𝑦 ´ = 12𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 − 60𝑥 + 36

Segundo Paso: 𝑦 ´ = 0 → 12𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 − 60𝑥 + 36 = 0

12𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 − 60𝑥 + 36 = 0

Por spa simple: x =1 y x = −3 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠

Escriba aquí la ecuación.

Tercer paso:

𝑥 = −3 → 𝑦 = 3(−3)4 + 4(−3)3 − 30(−3)2 + 36(−3) − 8

𝑦 = −251 → (−3, −251)𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑥 = 1 → 𝑦 = 3(1)4 + 4(1)3 − 30(1)2 + 36(1) − 8

𝑦 = 5 → (1,5)𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜

𝑥(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 3)

𝑥 < −3 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑥 = −4 → 𝑦 = (−)(−) = 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒

−3 < 𝑥 < 1 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = (−)(+) = (−)𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
𝑥 > 1 𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑥 = 2 → 𝑦 = (+)(+) = (+) 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒