Talent and Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class 8 Math Brain Mapping Academy Hyderabad For IIT JEE Foundation Practice Test Series

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CONTENTS
Mathematics
• • ~·@
1. Rational Numbers .......................... 9- 14

2. Linear Equations in One Variable ... 15- 18
3. Understanding Quadrilaterals ....... 20- 26
4. Data Handling ............................... 27- 35
5. Squares and Square roots ............. 37- 41
6. Cubes and Cube roots .................... 42-44
7. Comparing Quantities .................... 46- 50
8. Algebraic Expressions and Identities 51- 55
9. Visualising Solid Shapes ................. 57- 64
10. Mensuration ................................... 65-72
11. Exponents and Powers ................... 74- 78
12. Direct and Inverse Proportions ....... 79- 82
13. Factorisation .................................. 83-87
14. Introduction to Graphs ................... 88-95
15. Playing with Numbers................... 97 -101
Questions@stimulating-minds ........ 102- 103
Model Test Paper ......................... 104 - 106
Explanatory Answers ................... 107- 134

CHAPTER
1 Rational Numbers
+ Natural numbers (N)

1, 2, 3, 4, .... etc., are cal led natural numbers, denoted by N.
+ Whole numbers (W)

+ All natural numbers together with zero are called whole numbers, denoted by W.
w = {0, 1' 2, 3, 4, 0 0 0 0 0 .}
+ Integers (Z)
All whole numbers together with negatives of natura I numbers are called integers, denoted
by z.
z={. 0 0 0 .-4, -3, -2, - 1' 0, 1' 2, 3, 4, 0 0 .}
(i) - 1, -2, -3, -4, .... are called negative integers.

(ii) 1, 2, 3, 4, .... are called positive integers.
Note : Zero is neither positive nor negative.
a
+ The numbers of the form b, where 'a' and 'b' are natural numbers are called fractions.
3 7 13
e.g ., 5'11. 213 , ... etc.
+ The numbers of the form E,

q
where 'p' and 'q' are integers and 'q' * 0 are called rational
numbers, denoted by Q.
-3 7 - 13
e.g., 5, - 11 , - 213, ... etc.
Properties of rational numbers

+ Closure property of addition: The sum of two rational numbers is always a rational
number.
+ Commutative law of addition: For any two rational numbers 'a' and 'b; a + b = b + a.
+ Associative law of addition: For any three rational numbers ·a:'b' and ·c: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c).
+ Existence of additive identity: Zero is the additive identity.

For any rational number ·a: a + 0 = 0 + a = a
1. Ratio nal Numbe r s

II
rl BMA's Talent &Olympiad Exams Resource Book Cl ass VIII - Mathematics
+ Existence of additive inverse: For each rational number 'a', there exists a rational number
'-a' such that a+ (-a)= (-a) +a= 0. So,(- a) is the additive inverse of'a'.
+ Closure property for multiplication: The product of two rational numbers is a rational
number.
+ Commutative law of multiplication: For any two rational numbers 'a' and 'b:
ab = ba.
+ Associative law of multiplication: For any three rational numbers 'a: 'b' and 'c: (ab)c
= a(bc).
+ Existence of multiplicative identity: 1 is called the multiplicative identity.
For any rational number'a: 1.a = a.1 =a.
+ Existence of multiplicative inverse: Every non-zero rationa l number 'a' has its
1
multiplicative inverse - .
a
Note: Zero is a rational number which has no mult iplicative inverse.
+ Distributive law of multiplication over addition:

For rational numbers ·a: 'b' and 'c: a(b + c) = ab + ac.
+ Rational numbers can be represented on a number line.
+ Between any two rational numbers, there exist infinitely many rational numbers.
+ To find rational numbers between any two given rational numbers, we find their average
or mean.
II 1. Rational Numbers
BMA'sTalent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VIII - Mathematics
• Which of the following statements is 5 11 7 9
•
true? (C) - < - < - < -
7 13 9 11
(A) Every fraction is a rational (D) Both (B) & (C)
number.
Which of the following is a rational
(B) Every rational number is a 1 1
fraction. number between 4 and 3?
(C) Every integer is a rational
7 8
number. 15
•
(A) 24 (B)
•
(D) Both (A) and (C).
13
-8 4 (C) 48 (D) Both (A) & (C)
Compare 9 and _ .
5 Which of the following is the correct
-8 -4 -4 -8 -11 -3 -1 13
(A) - > - (B) - < - arrangement of 15, 10, 5 and in
9 5 5 9 20
-8 -4 -8 -4 descending order?
•
(C) - - - (D) - <-
9 5 9 5 13 - 1 - 11 - 3
- 28 (A) 20' 5' 15' 10
How is 84 expressed as a rational
13 -1 -3 -11
number with numerator 4? (B)
20' 5 ' 10 ' 15
•
4 4 4
(A) - (B) -12 (C) 12 (D)~ 13 -11 -3 1
7 -7 (C) 20' 15' 10' 5
Which of the following sets of rational
numbers is arranged in ascending order? 13 -3 -11 1
•
5 25 3 1
(D) 20' 10' 15' 5
(A) - 14, - 28, - 7 , - 2
2 8 -11 4 -2
Simplify-+-+- +- + -
25 - 5 -3 1 5 3 15 5 3 .
(B) - 28 ' 14' 7 ' - 2
•
37 - 37 - 36 - 38
25 1 3 5 (A) 15 (B) 15 (C) - 5- (D) - 3-
(C) - 28' - 2, - 7, - 14
What is the sum of the additive inverse
•
1 - 3 - 5 - 25 and multiplicative inverse of 2?
(D) - 2, T' 14' 28
Which of the following statements is false ?
(A) ~ (B) - 3 (C) 2 (D) -1
2 2 2 2
5 7 9 11 2 7
(A) - < - < - < - Subtract -from-.
7 9 11 13 3 8
11 9 7 5 -5 5 7 5
(B) - < - < - < -
13 11 9 7
(A) 24 (B) 24 (C) 16 (D) 16
1. Rational Numbers
II
rlCD BMA's Talent &Olympiad Exams Resource Book
Which among the following is a rational

Class VIII - Mathematics
-3
-5 By what rational number should 5 be
number equivalent to _ ?
3 multiplied to obtain 21?
-25 25 25 -25 5 7
(A) 15 (B) - 15 (C) 15 (D) 30 (A) ~ (B) 35 (C) - 35 (D) 507
The sum of two rational numbers is - 3. If

(-3) X
If --;- = ( _ ) , what is the positive value -11
27 one of them is - - , find the other.
of 'x'? 5
(A) - 9 (B) 9 (C) - 81 (D) 81 -4 -8 4 8

(A) - (B) - (C) - (D) -
Which number is in the middle if 5 5 5 5
-1 4 6 2 -3 Which of the following is the resultant
6 . g' _7 • S and 4 are arranged in
1 -1 -1 -5 3 10
descending order ? of 12 +3 +6 +7 +4 +7 ?
2 4 -1
(D) - 6
(A) - (B) - (C)-
5 9 6 7 (A) 1.2_ (B) -1 (C) 0 (D) 1
21
• What is the average of the two middle
Find four rationa l numbers between
4 -6 5
rational numbers when _ . 9' 9' 1 1
9
6 and 3·
-7 8 1
9 ' 9 and 9 are arranged in ascending
-1 7 13 - 27
order? (A) 4' 24' 48' 96
•
1 2 (C) -3 -1 - 7 13 27
(A) - (B) - (D)- (B) -
8 7 7 6 4 ' 24' 48' 96
-5 -3
Subtract 9 from 7. (C)
7 - 13 27
-
4 ' 24' 48' 96
62 8 -8 -62 7 13 27
(A) 63 (B) 63 (C) 63 (D) 63 (D) 4 24 ' 48 ' 96
-4 Which of the following numbers must be
What number should be added to
7 -5 7
5 added to 16 to get ?
to get 9? 24
21 -29 15 29
(A)
- 71
63
71
(B) 63 (C) 63
1
(D) 63
-1
(A) 28 (B) 48 (C) 48 (D) 48
Which of the following numbers must be

-7
What should be subtracted from D to 7 -13
get -2?
subtracted from _ to get
8
? 12
5 9 -7 -5
(A) ~ -15 (C) 29 (D) -29
11 (B) D 11 11 (A) 24 (B) 24 (C) 24 (D) 24
• What is the resultant obtained when the What is the multiplicative inverse of 0 ?
5 1
additive inverse of 6 is subtracted from (A) O (B) 0
- 5 14 0
the multiplicative inverse of 7x15 ? (C) Does not exist (D) -
0
-4 9 -2
(A) ~ (B) -
-2 (C) - 3 (D) -
2 Arrange 5' _15 and 3 in descending
2 3 2 3
Which of the following are three rational order.
numbers between - 2 and - 1?
9 -2 -4 -2 -4 -9
-1 -1 -1
(A)-.-.-
-3 -7 -5 (A) -15 '3'5 (B) 3'5'15
2 3 5 (B) 2 '4 '4
9 -4 -2 -2 -9 -4
- 12 - 22 12 3 7 5 (C) -15'5'3 (D) 3'15'5
(C) - 5- . - 5- . S (D) 2' 4' 4
4 -8 -13 17
• What is the simplified form of
Simplify
7 + 0+--g + - 7- + 21 .
(-97 x-1)+(~x
3
-4 )_(27 x3.)?
8 5 J 14 9J
0 (A) - 56
63
(B) - 86 (C) 86
63 63
(D) 56
63
What is the sum of the greatest and the
(A) ~ (B) -3 (C) -3 (D) ~
2 7 2 7 5 1 11
least numbers of - . - and-?
5 9 9 9
The product of two numbers is 9. If one
-35 (C) i
of the numbers is "24. find the other. 3
-8 -3 8
(A) ~ (B) 21 (C) 7 (D) 21
7
5
The area of a rectangle is 45 16 cm 2. If (A) -4 (B) ~ (C) -8 (D) -3
3 5 5 8
one edge is 624 em. find the other in em. State which of the numbers given in the
box are rational.
7
(A) 7_!
8
(B) -
4
(i) .fi x.JB (ii) ~ (iii) 2.[3 (iv) 1t
7
16 17] (A) (i) and (ii) only
Evaluate T .
18 (B) (i) and (iii) only
[ (C) (ii) and (iv) only
(D) (iii) and (iv) only
49
(A) 45 (B)
-1~ 45
45 (C) 49 (D) 1_i_
45
1. Rational Numbers
II
rl BMA's Talent &Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VIII - Mathematics
•
• Find the number which when added to
~Previous Contest Questions~ 1 5
8 results in 19·
Which of the following is not a rational
number? 2 5
.:!2 ~
• •
(A) (B) - (C) (D) 72
72 9 7
(A) 137 (B) ~ (C) -~ (D) %
Find the difference of A recipe for French toast needs 43 litres
59
(~+2+~)and
4 3 5 60 . of milk. If you want to make only 32 of
3 1 -4 -1
•
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D)-
4
the recipe, how much milk should you
use?
What is the product of n-55 and 11

-90
? (A) 2z (B) 2z (C) ~l (D) ~l
7 5 3
(A) -624 (B) 624 (C) 426 (D) -426 0 Which of the following is the correct
0 What is the number that is to be

-3 -1 3 5
descending order of 4'2'8 and 6?
7 -13
subtracted from _ to get 12 ? -3 -1 5 3 -3 -1 3 5
8 (A) 4'2'6'8 (B) 4'2'8'6
•
2_ 5 -5 -5
(A)
12 (B) 24 (C) 24 (D) 12 5 3 -1 -3 -1 -3 3 5
(C) 6'8'2'4 (D) 2'4'8'6
What is the simplified form of
The sum of two rational numbers is -5. If
1 -3 -8 2
-+-+-+-? -3
6 5 15 3 one of the numbers is 5 , what is the
1 -3 1 3 other number ?
(A) 310 (B) 10 (C) -3- (D)-
10 10
0
2 8 -6
The product of two rational numbers is (A) -4- (B) 4- (C) - (D) 4~
5 5 5 5
15 5
. If one of the numbers is , what is
16 4
the other number ?
75 25
(A) 64 (B) 64
(C) 25 (D) ~
4 4
Linear Equations in One Variable
+ Equation: An equation is a statement of equality of two algebraic expressions involving

one or more unknown quantities (variables).
+ linear equation in one variable: If an equation involves only one variable and the highest
index of power of that variable is 1, the equation is called a linear equation in one variable.
Tt1e general form of a linear equation in variable x is
ax + b = 0, a :~- 0 or px = q, p :~- 0
+ Laws of Equality
(i) The same quantity may be added to or subtracted from both sides of an equation
without changing the equality.
Thus, if a = b,
a+c =b +c
a-c = b-c
(ii) If a = b then a- b = 0 (orb- a = 0).
That is, given an equality any term from one side may be transfered to the other side
by changing its sign. (Law of transposition)
a b
(iii) If a = b then ac = be and - = - ,(c:~-0).
c c
That is, given an equality, both the sides can be multiplied by the same number or
divided by the same nonzero number.
a c
If b = d then multiplying both sides by bd we have ad = be.
(rule of crosswise multiplication)
(iv) If ac = be a = b provided c :~- 0. (Law of cancellation)
That is, both sides of an equality can be divided by the same nonzero number.
+ The solution of a linear equation may be any rational number.
+ The expressions forming equations have to be simplified before solving them. Some
equations may not be linear but can be brought to a linear form by multiplying both its
sides by a suitable expression.
2. Linear Equations in One Variable

II
BMA's Talent &Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VIII - Mathem atics
0 If -
x- 5 x- 3 1
- - - - = 2, what is the value of
0 When 75% of a number is added to 75
the result is the number again. What is
•
2 5
the number?
•
•X.
'?
(A) 150 (B) 300 (C) 100 (D) 450
(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 8 (D) 5
A student has to secure 40% marks to
Which of the following values satisfies pass. He got 30 marks and failed by 50
2x + 1 3 marks. What is the maximum number of
•
-- = - ? marks?
3x - 1 2 ·
•
(A) 160 (B) 180 (C) 200 (D) 320
(A) X = 1 (B) X = -1
(C) X= 2 (D) X= -3 If the sum of three consecutive even
numbers is 234, which is smallest among
In an examination, a student was asked them?
3th
to find 1"4 of a certain number. By (A) 76 (B) 78 (C) 80 (D) 68
The prices of a scooter and cyc le are
3
mistake, he found of it. His answer in the ratio 9 : 5. If the scooter costs
4 't' 4,200 more than a cycle, what is the
was 150 more than the correct answer.
price of the cycle ?
What was the number given to him?
(A) 't' 5250 (B) 't' 5200
(A) 290 (B) 280 (C) 240 (D) 180
(C) 't' 5000 (D) 't' 4800
0
2~ 3~ 351 is divided in the ratio 2 : 7. Find the
3' of a number when multiplied by
4 product of the two numbers.
of the same number gives 338. What is (A) 20294 (B) 21294
the number? (C) 25295 (D) 31294
•
A boat goes downstream and covers the
(A) 18 (B) 24 (C) 36 (D) 26
distance between two ports in 4 hours
1 3 1 while it covers the same distance
If 3-;. x 3
4 = 122 ,what is the value of'x' ? upstream in 5 hours. If the speed of the
stream is 2 kmph, what is the speed of
•
1 the boat in still water?
(A) 1 (B) - (C) 2 (D) 3
3 (A) 15 kmph (B) 20 kmph
(C) 24 kmph (D) 18 kmph
Four students Preeti, Qadir, Ravi and
Sonam solved the equation 2
If 3 of a number is 20 less than the
p-3 p+ 1 .
-- = -- . The1r answers are original number, what is the original
p+4 p-2 number?
1 1 2 2 (A) 60 (B) 40 (C) 80 (D) 120
-5. 5. 5 and -5 respectively. Whose
• If 10 is added to four times a certain
answer is correct ?
number the result is 5 less than five times
(A) Ravi (B) Qadir the number. What is the number ?
(C) Sonam (D) Preeti (A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 25
II 2. Linear Equations in One Variable

• If a number increased by 8% of itself gives Solve : 1.32y + 0.02y = 1.19 + y
•
135, what is the number ?
(A) 112 (B) 100 (C) 125 (D) 75
(A) _7_
2
1
(B) 3- (C) 7_
4
(D) -324
2
By selling a bicycle for { 1885, a man gains One number is 3 times another number. If
16%. At what price did he buy the 15 is added to both the numbers, one of
bicycle? the new numbers becomes twice that of
(A) ~ 1625 (B) ~ 1825 the other new number. Find the numbers.
(C) ~ 2000 (D)~ 1450 (A) 15 and 60 (B) 30 and 45
What is the solution of (x + 4)2 - (x - 5)2 = 9 ? (C) 15 and 30 (D) 15 and 45
(A) x =1 (B) x =2
(C) X =3 (D) X =4 • The width of Sudha's garden is ~ of its
length. If its perimeter is 40 m, find its
If the angles of a triang le are in the ratio
dimensions.
2 : 3 : 4, what is the difference between
the greatest and the smallest angles? (A) length = 12 m and breadth = 8 m
(A) 1 o· (B) 20" (C) 30" (D) 40" (B) length = 8 m and breadth = 12 m
(C) length = 12 m and breadth = 6 m
Which of the following are the consecutive
(D) length = 8 m and breadth = 4 m
multiples of 3 whose sum is 51 ?
A boy gets 3 marks for each correct sum
(A) 24, 27 (B) 20, 31
and loses 2 marks for each incorrect sum.
(C) 40, 11 (D) 25, 26
He does 24 sums and obtains 37 marks.
•
What was the number of correct sums ?
If 2 - } = 4 , what is the value of'x'?
(A) 20 (B) 17 (C) 31 (D) 19
(A) -6 (B) 6 (C) -4 (D) 4 Arif, Ajay and Madhav secured m + 20,
Which of the following is the solution of 2m - 17 and m - 5 marks respectively in
an English test. What is their average
2x 10 marks?
- = -7
5 3 °
4m-8 4m- 2
(A) - - (B) - -
25 35 3 3
•
(A) X= - (B) X= -
3 3 4m+8 4m+ 2
(C) - - (D) - -
•
55 3 3
(C) X= 45 (D) X= -
2 2 There are 3 bags of flour. Bag B weighs
thrice as much as bag A and bag C
If 9- 7x = 5- 3x, what is the value of'x'?
weighs 4 kg less than bag B. If bag A
•
1 weighs 6 kg, how heavy is bag C ?
(C) ~
•
(A) 0 (B) - (D) 1
4 2 (A) 52 kg (B) 18 kg
The sum of two numbers is 35 and their (C) 22 kg (D) 14 kg
d ifference is 13. What are the numbers ? When 'p' is subtracted from 10 and the
(A) 10,25 (B) 22, 13 difference is divided by 2, the result is 3.
(C) 24, 11 What is the value of 'p'?
(D) 20,15
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) -4 (D) 6
2 . Linear Equations in One Va riable

II
Jl BMA'sTalent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VIII - Mathematics
• Three numbers are such that the

second is twice the first and the third
is thrice the first. If their sum is 12, • Kiran scored 80 marks in his science test
which is 6
5
of the total marks. What is
•
what is the value of the largest the total marks for the test?
number? (A) 96 (B) 100 (C) 104 (D) 108
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) 8 If the total of four consecutive odd
Subtracting 5 from thrice x results in 4. numbers is 40, what is the smallest
•
What is the value of 15 subtracted from number?
nine times 'x' ? (A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 11 (D) 13
(A) 15 (B) 3 (C) 27 (D) 12 The figure shows a cuboid with a volume
The digits in the tens place and units of 180 cm 3.
place of a two digit number are t and u
respectively. If 1 is placed between them, ,~ [J4cm
what is the value of the three d igit
number so formed ? (p + 3) em
9cm
• •
(A) 1OOu + t + 10 (B) 1OOt + 10 + u What is the value of 'p'?
(C) 1Ot + u + 1 (D) 1OOt + 1Ou + 1 (A) 72 (B) 36 (C) 18 (D) 2

How much pure alcohol should be The sum of two numbers is 10. One of
added to 400 ml of strength 15% to the numbers is equal to the sum of 6
make its strength 32% ? and twice the other number. What is the
difference of the numbers?
(A) 50 m/ (B) 75 m/
•
(C) 100m/ (D) 150m/
(A) 5~ (B) a2
(C) 72
(D) 6~
X is a two-digit number. Y is the number 2 3
obtained on reversing the digits of X. 10 added to twice 'p' is 16. What is 10
•
Which of the following is true ? subtracted from twice 'p' ?
(A) X+ Y is divisible by 10. (A) 3 (B) -4 (C) -3 (D) 16
(B) X - Y is divisible by 6.
For what value of 'n' is Sn- 4 = n -1 ?
(C) X - Y is divisible by 9.
•
(D) X + Y is divisible by 8. (A) ~ (B) -3 (C) ~ (D) - 5
4 4 4 4
Questions~
•
, , Previous Contest The figure shows a rectangle with a
perimeter of 60 em.
Given that - p-g

6
= 2P+ 9 , find the
3 5 (k+4)cmC
•
value of ' p:
(A) -4 (B) -2 (C) 3 (D) 5 (3k- 2) em
When a certain number 'm', is divided What is the value of 'k' ?
by 5 and added to 8, the result is equal (A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 29
to 3m subtracted from 4. Find the value
of'm'. If 3a + 2b + c = 22, b + c =8 and c = 6, what
is the value of a + b + c?
4 1 5
(A) 2 (B) - (C) - - (D) - - (A) 12 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 4
3 3 4
II 2. Linear Equations in One Variable

Understanding Quadrilaterals
+ Quadrilat er al: A closed figure bounded by four line segments is called a quadrilateral. It
has four angles and four sides.
+ Classification of polygons
Sample Figure
~ 0 0 <=> 0 0
Number of sides, 4,4, 2
3,3, 0 5,5, 5 6,6, 9 7, 7, 14 8,8, 20
vertices, Diagonals, Quadri- Heptagon
Triangle Pentagon Hexagon Octagon
Name of the shape lateral
+ Diagonals: A diagonal is a line segment connecting two non-consecutive vertices of a

polygon.
D
K
+ Convex polygon: A polygon is said to be convex if no portion of its diagonals lies in its
exterior.
\
\ , I
,
\ I
\ I
\
v
, 1\
\
I
, I \
\
\
I \
Convex polygons
+ Concave polygon: A polygon is said to be concave if some portion of its diagonals lies in
its exterior.
Concave polygons
II 3 . Understanding Quadrilaterals
+ Regular polygon: A polygon that is both equi lateral and equiangular is called a regular
polygon.
e.g., A square (since all its sides are equal and all its angles are equal.)
000 Regular ploygons
The number of sides of a regular polygon whose each exterior angle has a measure x0 is
360°
+ Irregular polygon: A polygon that is either not equilateral or not equiangular or both is
called an irregular polygon.
e.g., A rectangle (though it is equiangular, it is not equilateral.)
u Irregular polygons
+ Angle sum property: The sum of the measures of the four angles of a quadrilateral is 360°.
• Sum of the interior angles of a regular polygon
., .....
Figure
D [SJ (;;; : ', ........
I
I
I
I
'
'
\
'
Number of
3 4 5 6
sides
2 X 180° = 3 X 180° = 4 X 180° =

Angle sum 180°
(4 - 2) X 180° (S- 2) X 180° (6- 2) X 1800
Thus, in general, the sum of interior angles of a polygon of 'n' sides is given by
(n - 2) x 180° or (n - 2) x 2 right angles or 2n - 4 right angles.
+ Sum the exterior angles of a polygon: The sum of the exterior angles of any polygon is
360°.
3. Understanding Quadrilaterals
II
Types of quadrilaterals:
•• A parallel- A parallel- A rectangle A quadrilateral in

A kite is a
A quadrilateral quadrilateral
ogram ogram is a having all which one pair
with each pair of formed by two
_____. having all rectangle if its sides of opposite sides
Definitions opposite sides isosceles triangles
sides equal each of its equal is is parallel is
parallel is called standing on the
is called a angles is a called a called a
a parallelogram. opposite sides of a
rhombus. right angle. square. trapezium.
common base.
A
,;:,:.·.,JI/1· DOC
A O•c
£.:.~:::?' B
8 A 8 A 8 A B ·~o
Do 0
S.No. Property Parallelogram Rhombus Rectangle Square Trapezium Kite
D
The diagonals bisect each
1. Yes Yes Yes Yes Not always Yes
other.
(..)
Each diagonal bisects each
2. Not always Not always Not always Yes Not always Not always
c pair of opposite angles.
::s
c.
(D
.., The diagonals divide the (')
(/1 3. quadrilateral into four Not always Not always Not always Yes Not always Not always I»
AI VI
::s
- congruent triangles. VI
c. <
The diagonals are
::s
(Q 4. perpendicular to each Not always Yes Not always Yes Not always Yes
0 other. 3:
I»
c:
AI
c. s. The diagonals are equal. Yes Not always Yes Yes Not always Not always (D
=-
-
:::::!. 3
I»
AI Diagonals are equal and
(D n
-.., 6. right bisectors of each Not always Not always Not always Yes Not always Not always VI
-
AI
other.
(/1
0 ABCD is a quadrilateral. If AC and BD

bisect each other, what is ABCD ?
• The perimeter of a parallelogram is 180 em. If
one side exceeds the other by 1 0 em,
•
(A) A square (B) A parallelogram what are the sides of the parallelogram?
•
(C) A rectangle (D) All the above (A) 40 em, 50 em (B) 45 em each
ABCD is a parallelogram. The angle (C) 50 em each (D) 45 em, 50 em
bisectors of L A and L D meet at 0. What In the quadrilateral ABCD, the diagonals
•
AC and BD are equal and perpendicular
is the measure of L AOD?
to each other. What type of a
(A) 45° (B) goo (C) 75° (D) 180° quadrilateral is ABCD?
•
The diagonal of a rectangle is 10 em and (A) A square (B) A parallelogram
•
its breadth is 6 em. What is its length ? (C) A rhombus (D) A trapezium
(A) 6 em (B) 5 em (C) 8 em (D) 4 em ABCD is a parallelogram as shown in the
ABCD and MNOP are quadrilaterals as figure. If AB = 2AD and Pis the mid-point
shown in the figure. of AB, what is the measure of L CPD?
DO
D C P 0 D \,
\ ,./
\ p ...··•
A \/
(A) goo (B) 60° (C) 45° (D) 135°

A B M N
In a parallelogram ABCD, if AB = 2x + 5, CD
Which of the following is correct? =y + 1, AD =y + 5 and BC = 3x - 4, what is
the ratio of AB and BC ?
(A) p + q + r + s = w + X + y + z
(A) 71 : 21 (B) 12: 11
(B) p + q + r + s < w + x + y + z
(C) 31:35 (D) 4:7
•
(C) p + q + r + s > w + x + y + z
If ABCD is an isosceles trapezium, what
•
(D) Either (B) or (C) is the measure of L C?
What do you call a parallelogram which (A) L B (B) L A (C) L D (D) goo
has equal diagonals?
•
A diagonal of a rectangle is inclined to
(A) A trapezium (B) A rectangle one side of the rectangle at 25°. What is
(C) A rhombus (D) A kite the measure of the acute angle between
In a square ABCD, the diagonals bisect the diagonals ?
at 0. What type of a triangle is AOB ? (A) 25° (B) 40° (C) 50° (D) 55°
(A) An equilateral triangle. If angles P, Q, R and S of the
(B) An isosceles but not a right angled quadrilateral PQRS, taken in order, are
triangle. in the ratio 3 : 7 : 6 : 4, what is PQRS?
(C) A right angled but not an isosceles
(A) A rhombus (B) A parallelogram
triangle.
(C) A trapezium (D) A kite
(D) An isosceles right angled triangle.
II
• If AB and CD are diameters, what is

ACBD?
• ABCD is a rhombus.
c
A
(A) A square
•
(B) A trapezium
(C) An isosceles trapezium
(D) A rectangle
In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram.
If two adjacent angles of a parallelogram D
are in the ratio 3 : 2, what are their
measures?
(A) 108°, no (B) no, 36°
0
(C) 100°, 80° (D) 144°, 36°
ABC and DEF are straight lines.
A Find the respective values of x, y and z.
(A) 100°, 80°, 100° (B) 100°, 100°, 80°,
(C) 80°, 100°, 100° (D) 80°, 80°, 100°
In the figure, ABCD is a rhombus and
ABDE is a parallelogram.
Find the value of ·x:

(A) 60° (B) 70° E
(C) 80° (D) 85° Given that EDC is a straight line and
ABCD is a rectangle. Its diagonals meet L AED = 36°, find L BAD.
at 0.
D C (A) 36° (B) 72° (C) 108° (D) 120°
',~ ,/ Four of the angles of a pentagon are of
' , )(-? /'
equal size. The remaining angle is 120°.
'''1(6
, "
,,'~ ',
C D
,_,~,x
, 'V
"' ,
A B
B E
Find ·x: if OA = 2x + 4 and OD = 3x + 1.
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) -3 (D) -2 A
Find the value of each of the equal angles.
(A) 210° (B) 110° (C) 540° (D) 105°
II 3 . Understanding Quadril aterals

Each interior angle of a regular polygon is How many unique measurements are
•
150°. How many sides has the polygon ? needed to construct a parallelogram ?
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 9 (D) 10 (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 1
In the figure, ABCD is a trapezium and What is the minimum number of
AD= AE. dimensions needed to construct a
A rectangle?
~.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
What is the minimum number of
measurements needed to construct a
D square?
Find the value of 'x: (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
(A) 30° (B) 40° (C) 60° (D) 50° In the diagram, KLMN is a constructed
The figure shows a hexagon ABCDEF. parallelogram. What is the measure of
L A = L D = 100°. The other angles are L KLM?
of the same size.
L
c 8 (A) 15° (C) 45° (D) 60°
Find LABC.
The construction of which figure is
(A) 100° (B) 110° (C) 130° (D) 120° shown in the given figure ?
Each interior angle of a regular polygon B
is 162°. How many sides has the polygon?
(A) 12 (B) 20 (C) 16 (D) 10
ABCD is a quadrilateral such that
1 1
AB = BC, AD = ZCD and AD = 4 AB.
D
If BC = 12 em, what is the measure of AD ?
(A) A trapezium (B) A rhombus
(A) 6 em (B) 4 em (C) 12 em (D) 3 em (C) A rectangle (D) A kite
In the figure given, BD II A E. If CE = 3 em, In the figure, ABCD is a rhombus. AEC and
what is the length of AC ? BED are straight lines.
AV'Sl
D~E
8 C D
t C
p r q
A 8
(A) 4 (B) 3../3 (C) 3 (D) 5
What is the value of p + q + r + s + t?
How many measurements are required
to construct a quadrilateral ? (A) 200° (B) 270° (C) 360° (D) 540°
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2
II
BMA's Talent &Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VIII - Mathematics
G In a trapezium ABCD,AB is parallel to CD Find the measure of 'x' shown in the
•
and the diagonals intersect each other figure.
at 0. What is the ratio of OA and OC ? (A) 45° (B) 135° (C) 255° (D) 225°
OB BC (C) AD (D) AC What is the measure of L.XYW of the
(A) OD (B) CD AB BD
trapezium WXYZ given in the figure?
• Previous Contest Questions~ W X
0 In L\ABC, P and Q are the midpoints of

AB and AC. If PQ is produced to R such
that PQ = QR. what is PRCB ?
z
~
~ y
•
(A) A rectangle (B) A square (A) 28° (B) 33° (C) 55° (D) 37°
(C) A rhombus (D) A parallelogram
Three angles of a quadrilateral are equal
0 In the given rectangle PQRS, find the
measure of L. POQ.
and the measure of the fourth angle is
120°. Find the measure of each of these
•
equal angles.
(A) 80° (B) 120° (C) 60° (D) 140°
•
A quadrilateral has three acute angles,
each measuring 75°. Find the measure (A) 47° (B) 24° (C) 67° (D) 58°
of the fourth angle. The figure given is made up of a square
(A) 65° (B) 135° (C) 140° (D) 225° and two isosceles triangles.
0 In the figure given, PTU is a straight line.
85° What is the measure of the angle marked

u ' m.
'?
• AM
What is the value of 'x' ? (A) 105° (B) 95° (C) 135° (D) 85°
(A) 100° (B) 110° (C) 120° (D) 130°
Equilateral L\ ABC is drawn on the side
0 L\ BEF and L\ FED are two isosceles
triangles in the square ABCD.
AB of square, ABDE.
0
c F o ?• B
X
0 C
E
What is the measure of L. FBE?
(A) 85° (B) 65° (C) 500 (D) 130°
II 3. Understanding Quadrilaterals
Data Handling
+ Data: The word data means information in the form of numerical figures or a set of given
information.
+ Raw data: Data obtained in the original form is called a raw data.
+ Array: Arranging the numerical figures of a data in ascending or descending order is
called an array.
+ Tabulation: Arranging the data in a systematic tabular form is called tabulation or
presentation of the data.
+ Observation: Each numerical figure in a data is called an observation.
+ Frequency: The number of times a particular observation occurs is called its frequency.
+ Range: The difference between the highest and the lowest values of the observations in
a given data is called its range.
+ Frequency distribution: A table showing the frequencies of various observations of data
is called a frequency distribution or simply a frequency table.
+ Tally marks
(i) When the number of observations is large, we make use of tally marks to find the
frequencies.
(ii) Tallies are usually marked in a bunch of five for the sake of easy counting.
+ Grouped data
(i) When the list of observations is long, the data is usually organised into groups called
class intervals and the data so obtained is called a grouped data.
(ii) The lower value of a class interval is called its lower limit and the upper value is called
its upper limit.
(iii) The difference between the upper and lower class limits is called the width or the size
of the class interval.
(iv) The mid-value of a class interval is called its class mark.
+ Graphical representation
(i) Histogram: A histogram is a pictorial representation of the grouped data in which
class intervals are taken along the horizontal axis and class frequencies along the
vertical axis and for each class a rectangle is constructed with the class interval as the
base and the class frequency as the height.
There is no gap between the bars in a histogram as there is no gap between the class
intervals.
4. Data Handling
II
(ii) Bar graph: In a bar graph, bars of uniform width are drawn with various heights. The
height of a column represents the frequency of the corresponding observation.
(iii) Double bar graph: A double bar graph shows two sets of data simultaneously. It is
useful to compare data related to two variables.
+ Pie-chart:
In a pie-chart, the values of different components are represented by the sectors of
a circle. The total angle of 360° at the centre of a circle is divided according to the
values of the components.
Central angle for a component = Value of the component x 360°

Total value
+ Experiment: An experiment is a situation involving chance or probability that leads to

results called outcomes.
+ Outcome: An outcome is the result of a single trial of an experiment.
+ Event: An event is one or more outcomes of an experiment.
+ Probability: Probability is the measure of how likely an event is.
The probability of event A is the number of ways A can occur divided by the total
number of possible outcomes.
P(A) = The number of ways event A can occur

The total number of possible outcomes • when the outcomes are equally
likely.
+ Random experiment: A random experiment is one whose outcomes cannot be predicted
exactly in advance.
+ Equally likely outcomes: The outcomes of an event with the same probability of occurrence
are known as equally likely outcomes.
II 4. Data Handling
BMA's Talent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VIII - Mathematics
e e ~·
•
Multiple Choice Questions C) E)•~
From the f requency tab le, the Frequency
Marks
percentage of families with less than 3
30 - 34 2
children is ~ x 100 %. 35 - 39 8
40
40 - 44 13
Number of
0 1 2 3 4 45 - 49 8
children
Number of 50 - 54 5
2 5 11 15 7
families 55 - 59 4
Find the value of ·x: Calculate the percentage of pupils who
•
(A) 7 (B) 15 obtained grade B.
(C) 11 (D) 18 (A) 26% (B) 52% (C) 65% (D) 75%
0 A survey was carried out for the purpose
of determining the number of children
The table shows the type and number of
cakes sold by a bakery. In a pictograph,
in each family. The results are shown in one symbol represents 5 cakes.
the table.
Types of Number
Number of
0 1 2 3 4 cakes of cakes
children
p so
No . of
1 4 7 6 2 Q 35
families
R 45
Calculate the percentage of families
which have more than 2 children. How many symbols are required to
•
(A) 35% (B) 40% represent the number of the best-selling
•
(C) 60% (D) 75% type of cake ?
The scores obtained by a group of (A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 15
participants in a game are shown in the The pictogram shows the number of
table. A participant who scores more
pupils who cycle to school.
than 3 points receives a hamper.
Score 2 3 4 5 Class 1
Number of
participants
104 16 y 34 Class 2
If the number of participants who do not

receive hampers is twice the number of Class 3
those who do, find the value of Y
(A) 2
(C) 32
(B) 26
(D) 68 Key: Each A represents 30 pupils.
0 The table shows the di stribution of

marks in an English test. Grade B is given
What is the total number of pupils who
cycle to school ?
to marks ranging from 40 to 54.
(A) 15 (B) 300 (C) 420 (D) 450
4. Data Handling
II
rl BMA's Talent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VIII - Mathematics
• The pictogram shows the number of

visitors to an exhibition in a particular week.
Monday
Tuesday
©©©©
©© '0
] 60
The bar chart shows the number of television
sets sold by a shop in 5 months.
y
Wednesday ©©© Ill

:>
....,:
0 40 1--
Thursday ~..._, ... -
©©©©
Ql 1--
.0
Friday § 20 - - - 1--
z - - -
Key: Each @ represents 6 visitors. 1- '- 1--
X
0 Jan Feb Mar Aprrl May
What is the number of visitors recorded
Months
after Wednesday ?
•
What is the sales in May, as a percentage of
(A) 10 (B) 18 the total sales in the 5 months ?
(C) 60 (D) 70
The bar chart shows the number of (A) 25% (B) 33.2_%
cellphones sold by a shop on 5 days 3
of a certain week. The difference
between the highest number and the (C) 50% (D) 66~%
3
lowest number of cell phones sold is 15.
y The table shows the frequency
distribution of grades obtained by 120
students. The data is represented in the
-
Ill
<II
c:
0 following pie chart.
.s:::.
.E-
- -
1- '--
Qi
u
....
- -
1- 1-
0 1- 1-
~
<II
- -
..c 1- 1- I- I-
E
::;, 1- 1- 1- -
z -
1- 1- 1- I- I-
X
0 Mon Tue Wed Thur Fn
Days Grade A B c D
Find the number of cellphones sold on
Thursday. Frequency 20 so 45 5
•
(A) 6 (B) 12 Which sector is labelled incorrectly ?
(C) 18 (D) 24
(A) A (B) B
Which of the following experiments has (C) C (D) D
equally likely outcomes ?
(A) Choose a number at random from 1
CD Which of the following is an outcome?
to 7. (A) Rolling a pair of dice.

(B) Toss a coin. (B) A die landing on red.
(C) Roll a die. (C) Choosing 2 marbles from ajar.
(D) All the above. (D) Picking a card from a pack of 52 cards.
II 4. Data Handling
• The table shows the number of cups of

four different beverages sold by a coffee
shop on a certain day.
Beverage
Number of
The pie chart shows the number of
participants from four countries P. Q, Rand
S taking part in a tennis tournament.
cups
Coffee 60
Tea 75
Hot chocolate 25
Milk 40
What is the angle of sector in a pie Given that there are 18 participants from
chart representing tea ? country S, find the number of participants
(A) 40° (B) 135° from country R.
(C) 108° (D) no (A) 18 (B) 21
The pie chart shows the examination (C) 27 (D) 42
grades obtained by a group of students. The table shows the number of three
different brands of laptops sold by a
certain store. The data is represented by
the pie chart which shows a semicircle
divided into six equal sectors.
Number of
Brand
laptops
Acer 60
Which of the following statements about Dell 40
the pie chart is true ?
Compaq 20
(A) 15% of the students scored grade B.
(B) 90% of the students scored grade A.
1
(C) 3 of the students scored grade C.
•
1
(D) 4 of the students scored grade B.
What is the probability of choosing a

What is the angle of sector representing
vowel from the alphabet ?
the number of Dell laptops sold ?
21 5
(A) 26 (B) 26 (A) L POR (B) L ROV
(C) L QOT (D) L POU
5
(C) 21 (D) 21
4. Data Handling
II
Jl BMA's Talent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book
(18-21): The histogram shows the number

scored grade C is twice the number who

of members in the families of the pupi Is 3
of Class VIII. scored grade B, and 5 of the students
y scored grades B and C.
8
~
"ii
:::J
~6
...0
Gl
.D
E4
:::J
z Find the angle of the sector which
represents grade C.
2
(A) 108° (B) 144°
(C) 216° (D) 288°
Which of the following is an experiment?
Number of members in family (A) Tossing a coin.
Study the histogram and answer the (B) Rolling a single 6-sided die.
following questions. (C) Choosing a marble from a jar.
(D) All of the above.
What is the enrolment of Class VIII?
(A) 40 (B) 50 A number from 1 to 11 is chosen at
(C) 60 (D) 70 random. What is the probability of
choosing an odd number ?
The maximum number of pupils have
families with 'n' members. What is the 5
value of 'n'? (A) 11 (B) 11
• •
(A) n = 1 (B) n = 4 3
(C) 6 (D) 26
(C) n = 2 (D) n = 3 11
What is the total number of people in 5- The following frequency table shows the
member families ? number of occupants in each flat in an
apartment.
(A) 22 (B) 25
(C) 45 (D) 50 Num ber of Number of units
What percentage of the pupils come from occu pants (f requency)
families with more than 5 members? 1 2
(A) 20.5% (B) 21.5% 2 5
(C) 50% (D) 37.5% 3 8
What is the probability of getting an ace 4 14
from awell shuffled deck of 52 playing cards? 5 12
1 2 6 9
(A) 13 (B) 13
7 4
3 4
(C) 13 (D) 13 Find the percentage of the flats with
fewer than 4 occupants.
The pie chart shows the distribution of
grades obtained by a group of students (A) 25% (B) 27.8%
in a test. The number of students who (C) 42 %
II
(D) 35 %
4. Data Handling
The table shows the grades obtained by

a group of students in an examination.
Grade
A
Number of students
45
• What is the probabi l ity of getting
a 1-digit number ?
(A)
2
10
(B)
3
10
•
4 9
B 60 (C) - (D)
10 10
c 80
A school has a strength of 2000 students.
D 15 The following pie chart shows the
interests of students indifferent subjects.
If the given information is illustrated
using a pie chart, what is the angle of the
sector that represents grade A ?
(A) 45° (B) 81°
(B) 65° (D) 100°
(28-31): Numbers 1 to 10 are written on ten
separate slips (one number on one slip),
kept in a box and mixed well. One slip
is chosen from the box without looking
into it. What is the number of students
interested in Maths ?
What is the probability of getting the
number 6? (A) 700 (B) 600
(C) 200 (D) 500
2
(A) (B)
10 20 • Previous Contest Questions~
•
1
(C) - (C) (1-3): The histogram shown gives the ages
30 15
of 25 players of a sports club.
What is the probability of getting a
number less than 6? y
1
-21
~ 8
<II
(A) - (B)
-
> 7
3
c.
IV
6 -1--- -
•
5 1- -
4 ,...... -
~
2
~
0
(C) - (D) - .... 4 1-
<II
3 3 .0 3 1--
What is the probability of getting a

E 2
:I
-
z 1
•
number greater than 6 ? ~,
'/ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
X
Age (in years)
3
(A) - (B) - How many players are of age 35 years
5 5
and above but less than 40 years ?
2 4 (A) 10 (B) 6
(C) - (D)
5 5 (C) 5 (D) 3
4. Data Handling
II
• How many players are aged below 30

years? Year
Number of
Computers sold
•
(A) 10 (B) 15
(C) 9 (D) 4
1995 l-H1 ~ I--H1 I I I
1996 ~Ill
How many players are aged 40 years and
above? 1997 J.+tl ~
•
(A) 8 (B) 2 1998 H11 I
(C) 10 (D) 7 y
I
The frequency table shows the number
of passengers in each of the 40 taxis that
...:s
~
Ql
1- r-'
I
Q,
were inspected during a police roadblock. E

8:!:!
n
1- r-
Number of - 0 I~ r- r-
0 1 2 3 4
0
~
"'
- -r-
Passengers .0 1- 1- 1-
E
:s
Number of z X
3 8 10 X 7 1995 1996 1997 1998
taxis
Years
Find the value of ·x: The bar for which year is incorrectly
•
(A) 2 (B) 3 drawn?
(C) 12 (D) 22 (A) 1995 (B) 1996
The table shows the number of children (C) 1997 (D) 1998
in each of the 35 families surveyed. (7-8): Study the histogram given and
answer the questions that follow.
Number of Childrens Tally
y
2 II II 27/I'
_l_l
3 J..H1 J..H1 "'

E
Ql
24
21 ~~~
... FF r-
-"'
"C
:::s 18
4 J..H1 II 15 ~
0
12 r- -
5 .J...H1111 4i t-
..c 9
.J...H1 I E 6 1-
6 :::s
•
z 3
__,X
Which of the following calculations used 0 10 20 30 40 50
to find the percentage of families with Marks secured in a test
more than 3 children, is correct ? The pass mark in the test is 20. How
many students failed in the test?
2Q ~ x100%
•
(A) X 100% (B) (A) 6 (B) 18
35 35
(C) 12 (D) 10
•
(C) .!i X 100 % (D) ~x100% How many students secured marks
35 35
between 30 and 50?
The bar chart represents the data in the
frequency table given. (A) 42 (B) 24
(C) 33 (D) 18
II 4. Data Handling
• The pie chart shows the number of fruits

sold in a store. The number of apples is
180 and the number of oranges is 400.
t
32
28
y
24
...."'c
Qj
20
-...
"C
:::1
t; 16
0
Qj 12
..0
E
:::1 8
z
4
What is the angle of the sector
representing the number of pears ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(A) 600 (B) 70° Hours of TV watched per day ---.
(C) 160° (D) 200°
How many students spent more than
The pie chart gives the expen-diture (in 5 hours watching TV ?
percentage) on various items and
(A) 14 (B) 12
savings of a family during a month.
(C) 08 (D) 10
Which of the following is an outcome ?
(A) Rolling a pair of dice.
(B) A die landing on red.
(C) Choosing 2 marbles from a jar.
(D) Picking a card from a pack of 52 cards.
Which of the following experiments has
equally likely outcomes ?
(A) Choose a number at random from
1 to 7.
(B) Toss a coin.
On which item was, the expenditure the
maximum? (C) Roll a die.
(A) Food (D) All the above.
(B) Clothes What is the probability of choosing a
(C) Savings vowel from the alphabet ?
(D) Transport
21 5
The number of hours for which students (A) 26 (B) 26
of a particular class watched television
during holidays is shown in the given 1 5
graph. (C) 21 (D) 21
4. Data Handling
II
Squares and Square roots
+ Square: The square of a number is the product obtained when a number is multiplied by
itself.
+ Perfect Square: A perfect squares are the shares of whole numbers. Perfect squares are
formed by multiplying a whole number by itself.
+ Properties of Squares
(i) A number ending in 2, 3, 7 or 8 is never a perfect square. All square numbers end in
0, 1,4, 5, 6 or9.
(ii) A number ending in an odd number of zeroes is never a perfect square.
(iii) Square numbers have only even number of zeros at the end.
(iv) Squares of even numbers are even.
(v) Squares of odd numbers are odd.
(vi) For every natural number n, (n + 1) 2 - n2 = (n + 1) + n.

e.g., 92 -82 = 9 + 8 = 17
(vii) A triplet (a, b, c) of three natural numbers ·a: 'b' and 'c' is called a Pythagorean triplet
if a2 + b 2 = c2.
(viii) For any natural number m > 1, we have (2m)2 + (m 2 -1)2 = (m 2 + 1)2. So, 2m, (m 2 -1)
and (m 2 + 1) form a Pythagorean triplet.
(ix) The square of a natural number 'n' is equal to the sum of the first 'n' odd numbers.
(x) If a natural number cannot be expressed as a sum of successive odd natural numbers
starting with 1, then it is not a perfect square.
(xi) There are no natural numbers 'm' and 'n' for which m 2 = 2n 2.
(xii) There are 2n non-perfect square numbers between the squares of the
numbers n and (n + 1).
+ Square root: Square root is the inverse operation of square.
(i) The square root of a number 'x' is a number which when multiplied by itself gives 'x'
as the product. We denote the square root of 'x' by ../x .
(ii) There are two integral square roots of a perfect square number. The positive square
root of a number is denoted by the symbol .f.
5. Squares and Square roots

II
(iii) If x and y are positive numbers, work out the square root of the numerator and
denominator separately.
(vi) Square root of a number can be found using the following methods.
(a) Repeated subtraction (b) Prime factorisation and (c) Division
+ Determining the square roots of positive numbers without using a calculator
(i) The square root of a fraction is determined by finding the square root of the
numerator and denominator separately.
(ii) Some fractions must be reduced to fractions with perfect squares as their
numerators and denominators before their square roots can be calculated.
(iii) To find the square root of a mixed number, first change the mixed number into an
improper fraction.
(iv) The square root certain decimals are obtained by first changing the decimals into
fractions with perfect squares as their numerators and denominators.
+ Estimating the number of digits in the square root of a given number: Place bars over
every two digits from the right. The number of bars obtained is the number of digits in
the square root of the number.
e.g., J9 =3 ; J2s =5; fJOo =10 ; .J169 =13 ; ~1 44 00 =120

+ Estimate the square root of a number by determining the range of the square root of
that number.
169 < 193 < 196 ..., Determine the range between two known perfect squares .
.Ji69 < .Ji93 < .Ji96 ..., Square root the range.
13 < .Ji93 < 14 ..., Estimated answer.
(i) The square root of a number with one bar has one digit.
(ii) The square root of a number with two bars has two digits. The square root of a
number with three bars has three digits.
+ To compute the square or square root of a mixed number, first convert it into an improper
fraction.
II 5. Squares and Square roots

• What is the least perfect square which is
• What is the value of (501)2- (500)2 ?
•
divisible by 2, 4 and 6 ? (A) 1 (B) 101
•
(A) 36 (B) 64 (C) 1001 (D) 100
(C) 16 (D) 18
Which of the following is a Pythagorean
What is the number of digits in the triplet?
square root of 390625 ?
(A) (6, 8, 10) (B) (3, 4, 7)
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) (5, 12, 18) (D) (2, 3, 6)
(C) 5 (D) 3
0
What is the value of
What is the least perfect square exactly 1+3+5+7+9+ + 25? 000000
divisible by each of the numbers 6, 9, 15

and 20? (A) 196 (B) 625
(C) 225 (D) 169
(A) 3600 (B) 900
(C) 400 (D) 225 • What is the smallest number by which
0 The sides of a rectangular field are 80 m

and 18 m respectively. What is the length
396 must be multiplied so that the
product is a perfect square ?
of its diagonal ? (A) 5 (B) 11
•
(D) 2
4D
(C) 3
(A) 84 m (B) 98 m
(C) 82m (D) 86 m Find the square root of
What is the least number which must be 0.081 0.484 2.5
--x--x-
subtracted from 2509 to make it a 0.0064 6.25 12.1 °
perfect square ?
(A) 0.45 (B) 0.75
(A) 6 (B) 9
•
(C) 0.95 (D) 0.99
(C) 12 (D) 14
• Find the approximate value of
583
What is the square root of 42
1369
? 1+ ...ro.o;
1- v'D.1 0
(A) 6~ (B) 43._ (A) 0.6 (B) 1.1

37 11
(C) 1.6 (D) 1.7
7l:_ 623. = ~x 2 +/
•
(C) (D) • If x* y ,find the value of
121 37
(1* 2-/2)(1 * -2-/2)

~ =1 + l3,
X what is the value of
0
If
(A) -7 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 9
CD
•X.
'?
(A) 1 (B) 14 Evaluate ~41 - ~21 + ~19 - .J9 .

(C) 10 (D) 12
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 6.4

II
0 Which of the following is a four digit

perfect square number whose first two Given ~= 550 , find the value of ·x:
'\/2.25
dig its and last two digits taken
(A) 825 (B) 82.5
separately are also perfect squares ?
(C) 3666.66 (D) 2
(A) 1681 (B) 1636
(C) 3664 (D) 6481 . {8
If ../24 = 4.899, f1nd the value of ~3·
Find the number, which when subtracted
from its square results in 12. (A) 0.544 (B) 2.666
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 1.633 (D) 1.333
0
(C) 4 (D) 8
Which is the smallest natural number Evaluate~- .J%.
which when added to the difference of
squares of 17 and 1 3 gives a perfect 1
square? (A) 2J3
(A) 1 (B) 5
•
(C) 11 (D) 24 (C) 1
If Ns = : 9
, find the value of 'x:
• Find the value of the expression
.Jo.ooo9 + .Jo.o1.
(A) 4 (B) 7
•
(A) 3 (B) 0.3
(C) 16 (D) 28
1
(C) (D) 0.9
244 3
The area of a square field is 80 sq. m.
729
What is the length of each side of the field? • If .J2401 = .Jr ,find the value of ·x:
•
(A) 8.96 m (B) 10.26 m (A) 3 (B) 4
(C) 13.54 m (D) 9.86 m (C) 5 (D) 6
If .fi =64 , what is the value of 'n' ? fJ) Find the value of .Jo.064 .
(A) 2 (B) 4 (A) 0.8 (B) 0.08
•
(C) 6 (D) 12 (C) 0.008 (D) 0.253
Evaluate
HlJ . Find the value of
(A) 0.2
~.
(B) 0.02
•
29
(A) -
32
(B)
19
(c) (D)
2.J5
72 0.63 5
19 29
(C) (D) Which of the following is the smallest
32 62 number of 4 digits, which is not a perfect
square?
(A) 1024 (B) 1089
(C) 1000 (D) 1156
II 5. Squares and Square roots

A gardener wants to plant 17956 trees

and arranges them in such a way that
there are as many rows as there are trees
in a row. What is the number of trees in a
row?
•
•
If .J75.24 + x = 8.71, find the value of 'x'.
(A) 0.62 41
(C) 62.41
If
(B) 6.2 41
(D) 624.1
J3 = 1.732 , find the approximate value

(A) 144 (B) 136
(C) 154 (D) 134 1
of J3.
A group of students decided to collect
as many rupees from each member of (A) 0.617 (B) 0.313
the group as is the number of members. (C) 0.577 (D) 0.173
If the total collection amounts to ~ 2209,
what is the number of members in the 0 If .Jo.04 x0.4 xa = 0.4 x0.04 x.Jb,
group? a
(A) 37 (B) 47
what is the value of b?
(C) 107 (D) 43 (A) O.Q16 (B) 1.60
A general wishes to draw up his 36562 (C) 0.16 (D) 16
soldiers in the form of a solid square.
After arranging them , he found that
some of them are left over. How many
0 Find the value of ~2~2~2~2.J2 ·
•
are left? (A) 0 (B) 1
(A) 36 (B) 65 (C) 2 (D) 23tt3z
(C) 81 (D) 97
Find the largest number of 5 digits,
which is perfect square .
Questions~
•
• Previous Contest
•
(A) 99999 (B) 99764
(C) 99976 (D) 99856
0.289 Which smallest number must be added
Find the value
0.001 21. to 269 to make it a perfect square ?
1.7 17 (A) 31 (B) 16

(A) (B) (C) 20 (D) 7
11 11
170 17
(C) (D)
11 11 0

II
Cubes and Cube roots
+ Cubes
(i) The cube of a number is the product of the number multiplied by itself twice.
(ii) Write the cube of a number using the cube symbol or notation.
(iii) 83 is read as 'eight cubed' or 'the cube of eight', or 'eight to the power of three.
+ Estimating the cubes of numbers
Estimate the cube of a number by determining the range in which its value lies.
e.g., Estimate the cube of 10.6 by determining the range in which its value lies.
Solution
10 < 10.6 < 11 ..., Determine the range
103 < (10.6)3 < 113 ..., Cube the range
1 000 < (10.6)3 < 1331 ..., Estimated answer
: . (1 0.6)3 is between 1000 and 1331.
+ Perfect cube
(i) A natural number is said to be a perfect cube if it is the cube of some natural number.
(ii) Cubes of all even natural numbers are even.
(iii) Cubes of all odd natural numbers are odd.
(iv) Cubes of negative integers are negative.
+ Cube roots of numbers
(i) The cube root of a number is a number which, when multiplied by itself twice, equals
the given number.
(ii) The symbol used for cube root is {/.
(iii) The cube root of a number 'x' is that number whose cube gives ·x: It is denoted as ;if;.
(iv) For any positive integer ·x: ~ = -{/x.
(v) For any two integers 'a' and 'b;
(a) ~ = 'ifa x{/b (b)

vt;.ra = 'ifa
{fb
(iv) Cube root of a number can be found by prime fatorisation.
+ Determining the cube roots
(i) To find the cube roots of fractions, reduce the fractions to numerators and
denominators that are cubes of integers. Then, find the cube roots of those integers.
(ii) The find the cube roots of decimals, convert the decimals to fractions so that the
numerators and denominators are cubes of integers. Then, solve the cube roots of
those integers.
II 6. Cubes and Cube roots

0 CD
•
If 72K is a perfect cube, find the value of K. Which of the following is the cube of an
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 even natural number ?
If ·a: 'b; 'c' and 'd' are consecutive natural (A) 729 (B) 3375
numbers and a3 = b 3 + c3 + d 3, what is the (C) 1331 (D) 13824
•
least value of 'a'? • Find the cube root of 0.001728.
(A) 6 (B) 9 (C) 3 (D) 12 (A) 0.12 (B) 1.2
Find the number which is not a perfect (C) 12 (D) 2.6
•
cube among the following.
• Evaluate ~-2744 -;- ~0.008.
(A) 1331 (B) 216 (C) 243 (D) 512
(A) 70 (B) - 70
0
What is the smallest number by which (C)14 (D) - 14
2560 must be multiplied so that the
•
Identify the digit in the units place of
product is a perfect cube?
(A) 5 (B) 25 (C) 10 (D) 15
~2 1 952 °
0
(A) 8 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 7
Find the smallest number by which 8788
must be divided so that the quotient is The quotient of the cube root of a
•
a perfect cube. number and 25 is 5. Identify the number.
(A) 4 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 32 (A) 53 (B) 253
What is the cube root of 1.331 ? (C) 1252
(D) 1253
(A) 0.11 (B) O.Q11 The product 864 X n is a perfect cube.

(C) 11 (D) 1.1 What is the smallest possible value of 'n'?
0
•
Find the value of~ x ~-64 . (A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 4 (D) 3
(A) 28 (B) -28 (C) 18 (D) - 18 Find the units place in the cube of 126.
The length of each side of a cubical box is (A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 1
2.4 m. What is its volume ?
•
Find the value of ~0.000 216 .
(A) 13.824 cu m (B) 13.824 cu em
(A) 0.006 (B) 0.6
(C) 13.824 m 2 (D) 13.824 cm 2
(C) 0.36 (D) 0.06
The cube of a number is 8 times the cube
of another number. If the sum of the G) Find the value of ~~0.000064 .
cubes of numbers is 243 , what is
(A) 0.2 (B) 0.02
difference of the numbers ?
(C) 0.002 (D) 0.04
G)
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) - 6
The d ifference of the cube and the square G If P = 1:ifl, what is the value of P?
of a natural number is 48.Find the number.
(A) ( a3 f (B) a3 (C) a9 (D) a
fJ
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 8
Which of the following numbers is a By which number should 5184 be divided
perfect cube ? to make it a perfect cube ?
(A) 108 (B) 343 (C) 243 (D) 5324 (A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 6
6. Cubes and Cube roots

II
Jl BMA's Talent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VIII - Mathematics
• The cube root of a number when divided

by 7 results in 49. Identify the number.
A water tank holds 79507 cm 3 of water.
What is the measure of its edge ?
•
(A) 3433 (B) 33 3 (C) 433 (D) 3437 (A) 23 em (B) 33 em
(C) 43 em (D) 38 em
343x 125
•
3
Evaluate 0.0 . A wooden cuboid is 24 em by 30 em by
64
36 em. 8 cubes of equa I sides are cut off from
(A) 875 (B) 8.75 (C) 807.5 (D) 87.5
the 8 corners of the cuboid. The volume of
A metallic cuboid with dimensions 16 em the remaining block is 20088 cm3• What is
x 8 em x 4 em was melted and recast into the length of the edge of each cube ?
a cube. What is the length of the edge of
the cube? (A) 6 em (B) 9 em (C) 1 em (D) 7 em
•
(A) 8 em (B) 2 em (C) 4 em (D) 16 em ~Previous Contest Questions~
What is the volume of a cube of edge
15 em? Find the value of ~0.125 + 3.
(A) 15625 cm 3 (B) 3.37 5 cm 3 (A) 8 (B) 3.5 (C) 2 (D) 0.35
(C) 3375cm 3 (D) 225 cm 3
The volume of liquid in a measuringjar is
200 cm 3• A cube of side 7 em is immersed
• If x = ~-3~ , find the value of'x:
in the liquid. What is the reading on the
measuring jar? (A) ~ (B) ~ (C) -~ (D) -~
(A) 800 cm 3 (B) 543 cm 3
(C) 643 cm 3 (D) 843 cm 3
The volume of material used to make a
0 Find the value of ~·
cube is 4913 cm 3 • What is the length of
5 -4
the edge of the cube ? (A) - - (B)- (C) ~ (D)~
3 3 2 9
•
(A) 16 em
(C) 18 em
(B) 27 em
(D) 17 em 0 What is the value of ~216 ?
A tank holds 27000 litres of water. How (A) Less than 6.

(B) Greater than 6.
•
many litres of water would a similar pond
hold, if its dimensions were double the (C) Equal to 6.
first one? (D) Equal to 9.
•
(A) 17286 litres (B) 216000 litres Given that 512 =83 and 3.375 = 1.53, find
if512 x ~3.375 .
••
(C) 15625 litres (D) 432000 litres the value of
A cubic wooden block has an edge of (A) 12 (B) 9.5 (C) 8 (D) 1.5
0.21 m. What is its volume ?
Given that ~ = -6 , find the value of ·x:
(A) 9261 cm 3 (B) 926.1 m 3
(C) 92.61 cm 3 (D) 92.61 m 3 (A) 216 (B) 18 (C) -18 (D) -216
A cube is made of 24389 cm 3 of wood. The length of each edge of a cube is
What is the measure of its edge ? 9 m. Find the volume of the cube.
(A) 39 em (B) 29 em (A) 27m 3 (B) 81 m3

(C) 2.9 em (D) 19 em (C) 108m 3 (D) 729m 3
II 6. Cubes and Cube roots

CHAPTER
7 Comparing Quantities
eJ
+ Compound interest: Amount at compound interest is given by A= P(1 +~J" , where,
100
A - Amount, P- Principal, R- Rate of interest, n -Time period.
(i) Compound interest =A - P
(ii) In case of depreciation (or) decay,
A = P(1-~J"
100
(iii) If the rates of increase in population P are p%, q% and r% during 1st, 2"d and 3'd years
respectively, then the population after 3 years = P(1 + l)(1 + ....9.... )(1 + _r_)·
100 100)\ 100
(iv) If principal =~ P, rate = R% per annum and time = n years, then
(a) Amount after 'n' years (compounded annually) is
A= P(1+~)"
100 °
(b) Amount after 'n' years (compounded half-yearly) is
R )2n
A=P 1 + - -
( 2 X 100 '
R
where
2 is half-yearly rate and 2n is the number of half-years.
(c) Amount after 'n' years (compounded quarterly) is
A=P 1+---
R )4n
( 4 X 100 '
R
where 4 is the quarterly rate and 4n is the number of quarter years.
(v) When T = 2 years and n = 1, then
RxS.I. -P( 100

C.l. -S.I. = 2 X 100 -
R)z
II 7. Comparing Quantities
(vi) When T = 3 years and n = 1, then
~ [(~)
2
C.l. -S.I. = 3 100

+3(~ 11
100Jj
(vii) If a certain amount becomes N times in T years, then it will be
N2 times in T x 2 years, N3 times in T x 3 years and Nx times in T x x years.

+ Profit and loss:
(i) Cost price (C.P.): The price at which an article is purchased is called its cost price.
(ii) Selling price (S.P.): The price at wh ich an article is sold is called its selling price.
(a) If S.P. > C.P., then there is a gain and Gain = S.P.- C.P.
(b) If S.P. < C.P., then there is a loss and Loss = C.P.- S.P.
(iii) Profit and loss percentage:

profit loss
(i) Profit% = - - x 100% (ii) Loss% = - x 100 0Yo
C.P. C.P.
Note: Profit and loss percentage are reckoned on cost price.
(iv) Important formulae:
(a) S.P. = (100 + gain%)x C.P. (b) S.P. = (1 00 -loss%) x C.P.

100 100
100 ) 100
(c) C.P. = X S.P. (d) C.P. = ( )x S.P.
( 100 +gain% 100-loss%
(v) Discount: In order to give a boost to the sales of an item or to clear the old stock,
articles are sold at reduced prices. This reduction is given on the Marked Price (M.P.) of
the article and is known as discount.
(a) S.P. = M.P.- Discount (b) Discount = M.P.- S.P.
(c) Discount % =
M.P.- S.P.
x
ooo/
1
10 (d) Discount= Discount% of M.P.
M.P.
(e) Additional expenses made after buying an article are included in the cost price
and are known as overhead expenses.
C.P. = Buying price + Overhead expenses
(f) Sales tax is charged on the sale of an item by the government and is added to
the bill amount.
Sales tax = Tax% of bill amount
7 . Comparing Quantities
II
BMA's Talent &Olympiad Exams Resource Book Cl ass VIII - Mathematics
0 e •
•
r· ; Mul!iP.iE{C_h:o·i.~.e: _g:uesti~ns~; . (t f)~
A sum of money, at compound interest, respectively. Find the population after
yields ~ 200 and ~ 220 at the end of first 3 years.
•
and second years respectively. What is (A) 29484 (B) 28696
the rate percent ? (C) 24576 (D) 30184
•
(A) 20% (B) 15% The value of an article which was
(C) 10% (D) 5% purchased 2 years ago, depreciates at 12%
The sale price of a shirt is ~ 176. If a per annum. If its present value is ~ 9680,
discount of 20% is allowed on its marked what is the price at which it was purchased?
price, what is the marked price of the (A) ~ 10000 (B) ~ 12500
shirt? (C) ~ 14575 (D) ~ 16250
•
(A) ~ 160 (B) ~ 180 The cost of a vehicle is~ 175000. If its value
(C) ~ 200 (D) ~ 220 depreciates at the rate of 20% per annum,
The difference in S.L and C.L on a certain find the total depreciation after 3 years.
sum of money in 2 years at 15% p.a. is
(A) ~ 86400 (B) ~ 82500
~ 144. Find the sum.
(C) ~ 84500 (D) ~ 85400
•
(A) 6000
~ (B) ~ 6200 The C.L on a certain sum for 2 years is
(C) ~ 6300 (D) ~ 6400 ~ 410 and S.L is ~ 400. What is the rate of
In what time will a sum of~ 800 at 5% p.a. interest per annum ?
C.L amount to ~ 882 ?
(A) 10% (B) 8%
•
(A) 1 year (B) 5 years (C) 5% (D) 4%
(C) 4 years (D) 2 years
The C.L on a certain sum for 2 years at
What is the C.L on ~ 8000 for 1 year at 10% per annum is ~ 525. Calculate the S.L
5% p.a. payable half-yearly? on the same sum for double the time at
•
(A) ~ 800 (B) ~ 810 half the rate percent per annum.
(C) ~ 400 (D) ~ 405 (A) ~ 400 (B) ~ 500
Raghu borrowed ~ 25000 at 20% p.a. (C) ~ 600 (D) ~ 800
compounded half-yearly. What amount The S.L on a sum of money for two years
of money will clear his debt after is ~ 660, while C.L is ~ 696.30, the rate of
1 interest being the same in both the
1 2' years?
cases. Find the rate of interest
•
(A) ~ 28275 (B) ~ 36275 1
(C) ~ 33275 (D) ~ 38275 (A) 10% (B) 10-%
2
In what time will~ 1000 amount to~ 1331 (C) 12% (D) 11%
at 10% p.a. compounded annually? A sum of money doubles itself in 3 years
•
(A) 4 years (B) 3 years at C.L, when the interest is compounded
(C) 2 years (D) 1 year annually. In how many years will it
The present population of a town is amount to 16 times of itself?
25000. It grows at 4%, 5% and 8% during (A) 6 years (B) 8 years
first year, second year and third year (C) 12 years (D) 16 years
II 7 . Comparing Quantities
The C.l. on a certain sum at 5% for If the discount is 10%, what is the M.P of
2 years is ~ 328. Calculate the S.l. for the an item bought for ~ 9 ?
sum at the same rate and for the same
(A) ~ 11 (B) ~ 10 (C) ~ 8.10 (D) ~ 12
period.
A cask containing 425 litres of petrol lost
(A) ~ 320 (B) ~ 322 8% by leakage and evaporation. Find
(C) ~ 325 (D) ~ 326 the number of litres of petrol left in the
Find the amount on t 12500 for 2 years cask.
compounded annually, the rate of (A) 34l (B) 391 l (C) 459l (D) 319l
interest being 15% for the first year and
16% for the second year. Waheeda bought an air cooler for t 3300
including a tax of 10%. Find the price of
(A) ~ 16500 (B) ~ 16750
the air cooler before VAT was added.
(C) t 16675 (D) t 16275
(A) ~ 3000 (B) ~ 2000
Sugar is bought at t 16.20 per kg and
(C) ~ 3100 (D) ~ 2900
sold at ~ 17.28 per kg. What is the gain
percent? Ravi sold an article to Sudhir at a profit
of 6% who in turn sold it to Gopal at a
•
2 1 2 loss of 5%. If Gopal paid ~ 2014 for the
(A) 6 - % (B) 3- % (C) 10% (D) 10 - %
3 3 3 article, find the cost price of the article
for Ravi.
A woman bought two packs of
toffees, with the same of number of (A) ~ 2020 (B) ~ 2000
toffees in each pack. She bought the (C) ~ 1900 (D) ~ 2011
first pack at 25 paise per toffee and If a merchant estimates his profit as 20%
the second pack at 3 toffees for 65 of the selling price, what is his real profit
paise. She mixed them together and percent.
sold at t 3.50 a dozen. What is her
(A) 25% (B) 20% (C) 22% (D) 30%
gain percent?
Karuna bought a car for a certain sum of
2 money. She spent 10% of the cost on
(A) 15% (B) 25% (C) 16 3% (D) 12%
repairs and sold the car for a profit of
A man bought 542 kg of sugar for t 11000. How much did she spend on
t 7560.90 and sold it so as to gain 20%. repairs, if she made a profit of 20% ?
What is the selling price per kilogram of
(A) ~ 4000 (B) ~ 4400
sugar? (C) ~ 5500 (D) ~ 5000
(A) ~ 16.74 (B) ~ 22.92 A shopkeeper fixes the M.P. of an item
(C) ~ 31.46 (D) ~ 12.24 35% above its C.P. What is the percentage
A trader marks his goods 30% above the of discount allowed to gain 8%?
1 (A) 43% (B) 30% (C) 20% (D) 31%
cost price but makes a reduction of 6 %
4 4
on the marked price for ready money. If S.P. of an article is 3 of its C.P. What is
What is his gain percent ? the profit percentage in the transaction?
(A) 23.75% (B) 23.25%
1 1 1 1
(C) 21.875% (D) 20% (A) - % (B) 20 - % (C) 33 - % (D) 25 - %
3 2 3 2
7 . Comparing Quantities
II
If 5% more is gained by selling an article The selling price and cost price of an
for ~ 350 than by selling it for ~ 340, what article differ by ~ 240. If the profit
is the cost of the article ? percentage is 20, find the selling price.
(A) ~ 50 (B) 't 160 (C) ~ 200 (D) ~ 225 (A) ~ 1440 (B) ~ 1200
(C) ~ 1420 (D) ~ 1540
Garima purchased a briefcase with an
additional10% discount on the reduced What is a single discount equivalent to a
price after deducting 20% on the labelled series discount of 20%, 10% and 5% ?
price. If the labelled price was ~ 1400, (A) 81% (B) 31.4%(C) 31 .6%(D) 32%
at what price did she purchase the
briefcase? ~Previous Contest Questions~
•
(A) ~ 980 (B) ~1008 1 Sam invested ~ 15000 at the rate of 10%
(C) ~ 1056 (D) n 120 per annum for one year. If the interest is
A pair of articles was bought for compounded half-year ly, what is the
amount received by Sam at the end of
~ 37.40 at a discount of 15%. What was
•
the year?
the marked price of each of the
articles? (A) 16500
~ (B) ~ 16525.50
(C) 16537.50
~ (D) ~ 18150
(A) ~ 11 (B) ~ 22 (C) ~ 33 (D) ~ 44 What will be the difference between
What will be the list price of an article simple and compound interests at the
which is sold for ~ y after giving a rate of 10% per annum on a sum of
•
discount of x% ? ~ 1000 after 4 years ?
(A) ~ 31 (B) ~ 32.10
100 y 100 y (C) ~ 40.40 (D) ~ 64.1 0
(A) 100- X (B)-
1-x In how many years will a sum of ~ 800 at
10% per annum compounded
100 y 100 - x semi-annually become~ 926.10?
(C) 1- (X I 100) (D) 100 - y
(A) ,23 (B) ,2
The selling price of 4 articles is the same 2
as the C.P of 5 articles. What is the profit
percent? 0 A shopkeeper gives 12% additional
discount on a radio after giving an initial
(A) 25% (B) 20% (C) 18% (D) 15% discount of 20% on its labelled price. If
By selling 20 mangoes, a person recovers the final selling price of the radio is
the price of 25 mangoes. What is the ~ 704, what is its labelled price ?
•
profit percentage ?
(A) ~ 844.80 (B) ~ 929.28
(A} 20% (B) 25% (C) 27.5%(D) 22.5% (C) ~ 1000 (D) ~ 1044.80
The marked price of an article is ~ x, and A book is marked at ~ 880 and sold for
•
selling price is ~ y. What is the discount ~ 770, what is the discount percentage?
percentage ? (A) 20% (B) 25% (C) 12.5%(D) 15%
(x-y)100 (y - x)lOO A shopkeeper allows a discount of 10%
(A) % (B) % on the marked price. How much above
X X
the cost price must he mark his goods
(C) ( y ~ X } 00 % (D) ~ ~~ % to gain 8%?
(A) 20% (B) 100% (C) 80% (D) 25%
II 7. Comparing Quantities
Algebraic Expressions
and Identities
+ Algebraic expression:
A combination of constants and variables connected by +, -, x and is known as an

algebraic expression.
-2 -1 X
e.g., 2 - 3X + 5X y + - 3
3y
+ Polynomial:
An algebraic expression in which the variables involved have only non-negative integral
powers is called a polynomial.
1
e.g., 2- 3x + 5x 2y- 3 xl
+ Like terms: Terms formed from the same variables whose powers are same are called like
terms. The coefficients of like terms need not be the same.
+ Unlike terms: Terms formed from different variables whose powers may be same or
different are called unlike terms. The coefficients of unlike terms may or may not be the
same.
In other words, terms with the same variables and which have the same exponent are
called like or similar terms, otherwise they are called unlike (or) dissimilar terms.
e.g., (1) 3x3 , i x 3 , -9x3, ..... etc, are like terms.
(2) x 2y, 3xy2, - 4x 3, .....etc, are unlike terms.
+ Degree of a polynomial:
In case of a polynomial in one variable, the highest power of the variable is called the
degree of the polynomial.
3
e.g., 5x3 - 7x +
2 is a polynomial in 'x' of degree 3.
8. Algebraic Expressions and Identities

II
In case of polynomial in more than one variable, the sum of the powers of the variables in
each term is taken up and the highest sum so obtained is called the degree of the
polynomial.
e.g., 5x3 - 2x2y2- 3x2y + 9y is a polynomial of degree 4 in 'x' andy
+ Types of polynomials:
(i) Monomial: A polynomial containing 1 term is called a monomial.
(ii) Binomial: A polynomial containing 2 terms is called a binomial.
(iii) Trinomial: A polynomial containing 3 terms is called a trinomial.
+ Multiplication of polynomials:
(i) A monomial multiplied by a monomial always gives a monomial.
(ii) While multiplying a polynomial by a monomial, we multiply every term in the

polynomial by the monomial.
(iii) In carrying out the multiplication of a polynomial by a binomial (or trinomial), we

multiply term by term, i.e., every term of the polynomial is multiplied by every term
in the binomial (or trinomial). Note that in such multiplication, we may get terms in
the product which are like and have to be combined.
+ Identity:
An identity is an equality, which is true for all values of the variables in the equality.
+ Some important identities:
(i) (a + b) 2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(ii) (a - b) 2 = a2 - 2ab + b2
(iii) (a + b) (a -b) = a2 - b2
(iv) (x + a) (x + b) = x 2 + (a + b)x + ab
(v) These identities are useful in computing squares and products of algebraic
expressions. They are alternative methods to calculate products of numbers too.
II 8. Algebraic Expressions and Identities

• Find the degree of the po lynomial
• The sum of two expressions is
•
5x3 - 6x3 y + 4y2 - 8. x 3 -x2 + 3x- 2. If one of them isx2 + 5x- 6,
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) 6 what is the other ?
What must be added to (A) x 3 - 2x2 - 2x - 4

x 3 + 3x - 8 to get 3x3 + x 2 + 6 ? (B) x 3 + 3x2 - 2x + 4
•
(A) 2x3 + x 2 - 3x + 14 (C) x 3 - 2x2 - 2x + 4
(B) 2x2 + x 2 + 14 (D) -x3 - 2x 2 + 2x - 4
•
(C) 2x3 + x 2 - 6x -14 The difference of x4 + 2x 2 - 3x + 7 and
(D) -2x3 - x 2 + 6x - 14 another polynomial isx3 + x 2 + x - 1. What
What must be subtracted from is the other polynomial ?
x3 - 3x2 + 5x - 1 to get 2x3 + x 2 - 4x + 2? (A) x4- x 3 + x 2 - 4x + 8
(A) -x3 + 4x2 - 9x + 3 (B) x 3 + x 2 - 4x + 8
(B) x 3 + 4x2 - 9x + 3 x4 - x 3 + x 2 + 4x - 8
•
(C)
(C) x 3 - 4x2 + 9x - 3 (D) x4 - x 3 - x 2 + 4x - 8
(D) -x3 - 4x 2 + 9x - 3
What is the measure of the third side of
G) Find the side of a square field of area
9 2 25 2 5
a triangle given that its two sides are a2 - 1'6 x + y - xy sq. units.
36 4
0
2a + 1 and 3a 2 - Sa + 3 and has a perimeter
(% x+% y )units (B) ( ~ x-% y )units

6a 2 - 4a + 9?
•
(A)
(A) 2a 2 - 3a - 5 (B) 2a 2 + 3a - 5
(C) 2a 2 + 3a + 5 (D) 2a 2 - 3a + 5
(C) Sx 5 y ) unrts (D) 3 x - 5 y ) unrts
3 +'6
Two sides of a rectangle are (3p + 5q) units ( 4 6
0 ( 0
and (Sp- 7q) units. What is its area in sq.

units? If (3x - 4)(5x + 7) = 15x2 - ax- 28, what is
(A) 15p2 + 4pq - 35q 2 the value of 'a'?
(B) 15p2 - 4pq + 35q 2 (C) - 2
•
(A) 1 (B) -1 (D) 2
(C) 15p2 + 14pq + 35q 2
• What is the difference obtained when
(D) 15p2 - 4pq - 35q 2
x 3 - xy 2 + 5x2y - y 3 is subtracted from
Find the product of (x 2 + 3x + 5) and
- y3 - 6x2y - xy 2 + x 3 ?
(x 2 -1).
(A) 2y3 - 8x2 y + 3xy2- 2x3
(A) x 4 + 3x3 - 4x 2 - 3x - 5
(B) 2x 3 - 2xy2 - x 2y - 2y3
(B) x 4 + 3x3 + 4x 2 - 3x - 5
(C) - 11 x 2y
(C) x 4 + 3x3 + 4x 2 + 3x - 5
(D) 11x2y
(D) x 4 - 3x3 - 4x 2 + 3x - 5
0 The length of a rod is 4x + 5y- 3z em and

the length of another is 6x- 3y + z em. By
Find the missing term in the following
expression.
how much is the second rod longer than 2
the first?
3x _ 4y) = 9x 2 + + 16/
( 4 3 16 - 9
(A) 2x + 8y + 4z (B) 2x - 8y - 4z
(C) 2x + 8y- 4z (D) 2x - 8y + 4z (A) 2xy (B) -2xy (C) 12xy (D) -12xy

II
A
W Wh . h
at IS t e va 1ue o
f 7.83x 7.83- 1.17 x1.17?
_ ·
The side of a square is 17 em and the side
•
6 66 of another is 983 em. What is the
(A) 9 (B) 6.66 (C) 1.176 (D) -9 difference of their areas in sq. em ?
••
1 r;: 1 (A) 900660 (B) 966000
2
If x - - = v 6 , findthevalueof x + 2 . (C) 960600 (D) 906600
X X
t- (
2
67 542 32 458
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8 What is the value of ( . . ) ?
75.458-40.374
2 1 (A) 1 (B) 10 (C) 100 (D) 1000
If x + 2 = 79, what is the value of
X
A room is of dimensions 6x feet in length
1
X+ - ? and 4y feet in breadth. A table measuring
X 2x feet in length and y feet in breadth is
(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) J79 (D) -9 in a corner of the room. Find the area of
the room not occupied by the table.
If 3x- 7y = 10 and xy = - 1, find the value
(A) 22 xy sq feet (B) 24 xy sq feet
of 9x 2 + 49y 2. (C) 26 xy sq feet (D) 20 xy sq feet
(A) 58 (B) 142 (C) 104 (D) -104
3(3x + 4) 5(x - 3) 3(2x - 5)
Simplify + - .
1 2 3 4
Given that x - - = 5 , find the value of
X 57x - 56 (B) 56x +57
1 (A) 12 12
x2+ - 2 .
X
57x +56 (D) 56x - 57
(A) - 27 (B) 23 (C) 27 (D) - 23 (C) 12 12
Evaluate the expression 81 p 2 + 16q 2 - lf x + y = 6 and 3x - y = 4 find the value
2 3 ofx- y.
72pq when P =3 and q =4 .
(A) - 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 4
(A) -16 (B) 9 (C) -9 (D) 16 If the product of two numbers is 10 and
What is the product of (4x - 3y) and their sum is 7, what is the larger of the
(16x 2 + 12xy + 9y2) ? two numbers ?
(A) -2 (B) 2 (C) 5 (D) 4
(A) (4x - 3y)3
25
(B) (16x 2 + 12xy + 9y2) 2 Find the value of the product
(C) 64x 3 - 27y3
(3 ~ )(9- ~ J)at x = 1.
•
+ + 2
(D) 64x 3 + 27y3 X X X
Using the identity (a- b)2 = a 2

- 2ab + b 2
, (A) 150 (B) 148 (C) 152 (D) 146
find the value of 96 2 . The volume V, of a solid is given by the
(A) 9642 (B) 9461 (C) 9426 (D) 9216 formula V = n (R 2 - r 2)h. Find the value of V,
= (a 1 22
Using the identity a 2 - b 2 + b) given that R = 8,r = 5, h = 32
and n = 7 .
(a -b), evaluate 24.7 x 25.3.
(A) 624.91 (B) 642.91
(A) 393 (B) 429 (C) 492 (D) 294
(C) 624.19 (D) 642.19 The area A, of a solid is given by the
formula A = n r 2 + 2n rh + n rl. Find the
Given that pq = 6 and p + q = 5, find the
value of A given that n = 3.142, r =10,
value of p2 + q 2 .
h = 3 and l = 4.
(A) 300 (B) 37 (C) 13 (D) 12
(A) 629 (B) 628.4 (C) 630 (D) 631
II 8. Algebraic Expressions and Identities

Mother bought some vegetables for ~ x

and some fruits for ~ 3. If she gave ~ 10,
to the shopkeeper, how much changed id
she receive ? • Given that T =
ofT if n
2 1t l
~l 2 +if , find the value
= 3.142,l = 7.89 and g = 9.81.
•
(Give your answer correct to 3 significant
(A) ~ (13- x) (B) ~ (7 + x) figures.)
(C) ~ (13 + x) (D) ~ (7 -x)
(A) 3.94 (B) 394 (C) 39.4 (D) 4.39
Ajit is 21 years younger than his father.
0 1 1
•
What is their total age in 7 years time ? If 2a-- = 3 evaluate 16a4 + - -.
2a ' 16a4
(A) (x + 28) years (B) (x + 35) years
(A) 123 (B) 11 9 (C) 117 (D) 121
(C) (2x + 28) years (D) (2x + 35) years
A set of school uniform consists of a shirt
If the perimeter of the figure given is
and a pair of trousers for boys and a
57 em, find the perimeter of the triangle blouse and a skirt for girls. A shirt costs
in the figure.
~ x and a pair of trousers costs ~ 5 more.
2p em A blouse costs ~y and a skirt costs ~ 3
more. A class has 40 pupils of which 25
lr'\.7pem are boys. Each pupil orders 2 sets of
5
pem~ un iform. Find (in simplest form) in terms
of x and y, the total amount in rupees
3p em paid by the pupils.
(A) 30 em (B) 45 em (C) 39 em (D) 3 em
•
(A) Sx- 3y + 17 (B) Sx + 3y + 17
(C) Sx + 3y - 17 (D) Sx - 3y - 17
~Previous Contest Questions~ If 17- 3x _ 4x + 2 = 5 _ Gx + 7x + 14
0
5 3 3 '
•
A concert hall with 1000 seats is completely find the value of 'x:
filled with 'x' boys, 'y' girls and adults. (A 2 (B) 4 (C) - 4 (D) - 2
Admission fee for an adult is ~ 10 while a
Mohan has ~ P. Naveen has 4 times as
1 much money as Mohan. A lso Naveen has
child pays
2 the price. Find in terms of 'x' ~ 1 5 more than Mohan. How much
•
money do they have altogether ?
and 'y: the total amount collected.
(A) ~ 20 (B) ~ 5 (C) ~ 15 (D) ~ 25
(A) ~ 2(3000 + X + y)
(B) ~ (6000 -X- y) If Sudhir will be 'x' years old in 3 years,
•
(C) ~ (2000 -X- y) how old was he 5 years ago ?
•
(D) ~ 5(2000 - X - y) (A) (x + 3) years (B) (x - 8) years
(C) (x - 5) years (D) (x - 3) years
A steel rod is cut into 3 pieces. The second
piece is twice as long as the first piece while 60 equally priced downloads cost · x. How
the third piece is 20 em longer than the much do 9 downloads cost ?
second piece. If the shortest piece is 2x em, 20 9x 20x 3x
find the length of the rod in metres. (A) ~ 3x (B) ~ 20 (C) ~ -3- (D) ~ 20
(A) (x - 5) m (B) (x + 5) m If 'n' is a negative integer, which of the

following must be a positive integer?
(C) (x1~ 2 )m (D) (x+~)m (A) n + 2 (B) 2n
(C) n2 - 5 (D) n2 + 1

II
Visual ising Solid Shapes
+ Geometrical shapes:
Plane shapes have two measurements - length and breadth and therefore they are
called two-dimensional shapes.
e.g.,
D Square Rectangle Triangle

0Circle
Solid objects have three measurements - length, breadth and height or depth. So, t hey
are called three-dimensional shapes. Also, solids occupy some space.
e.g.,
Cube Cuboid Cone

co 0 Cylinder Sphere
4-------------··---~(~
Rectangular prism Square pyramid Triangular prism
+ Description of solid shapes:
S. No Solid Shape Number of vertices Number of edges Number of faces

1. Cube 8 12 6
2. Cuboid 8 12 6
3. Cone 1 1 curved edge 1 curved face,
1 flat face
4. Cylinder Nil 2 curved edges 2 flat faces,
1 curved face
5. Sphere Nil Nil 1 curved face
9 . Visualising Solid Shapes

II
rl BMA's Talent &Olympiad Exams Resource Book Cl ass VIII - Mathematics
+ Polyhedron:
(i) A solid figure bounded by plane polygonal faces is called a polyhedron.
(ii) The point at which three or more faces of a polyhedron intersect is called a vertex.
(iii) A line along which two faces of a polyhedron intersect is called an edge.
+ Regular polyhedron: A polyhedron with regular polygons as its faces is called a regular
polyhedron. The same number of faces meet at each vertex.
This polyhedron is regular. Its faces are congruent, regular polygons. Vertices are formed
by the same number of faces.
A
This polyhedron is not regular. All the sides are congruent; but the vertices are not formed
by the same number of faces. We see that three faces meet at A but four faces meet
at B.
+ Convex polyhedron: A polyhedron in which a line segment connecting any of its two
vertices contains only points that are on a face or inside the polyhedron is called a convex
polyhedron.
+ Prism: A polyhedron with two parallel opposite faces, called bases, that are congruent
polygons and the lateral faces are parallelograms is called a prism.
+ Pyramid: A polyhedron whose base is a polygon and whose lateral faces are triangles
with a common vertex is called a pyramid.
A prism or a pyramid is named after its base. If a prism has a hexagonal base, it is called a
hexagonal prism. A pyramid with a triangular base is called a triangular pyramid.
II 9. Visualising Solid Shapes

+ Euler's formula for convex polyhedron: For any convex polyhedron, the relation between
its faces (F), vertices (V) and edges (E) is given by the following.
( F +V=E+2 )
+ Maps: A map shows the location of a particular object/place in relation to other objects/
places.
(i) We use symbols to depict different objects/places.
(ii) In a map, there is no reference or perspective.
(iii) Maps involve a scale that is fixed for a particular map.

+ Different views of 3-D objects: 3-D objects appear differently from different positions so
they can be drawn from different perspectives.
Top
e.g.,
Front Front view Side view Top view
+ Net: The 2-D figure of a 3-D shape or solid, which when folded gives the solid is called a
net.
9 . Visualising Solid Shapes

II
BMA's Talent &Olympiad Exams Resource Book Cl ass VIII - Mathem atics
• Which is the three-dimensional figure

formed by rotating a triangle ?
(A) A rectangle is 3-dimensional and a
cube is 2-dimensional.
•
(A) Cone (B) Quadrilateral (B) A rectangle and a cube are both
(C) Prism (D) Square 2-dimensional.
Which is/are three dimensional (C) A rectangle is 2-dimensional and a

shapes? cube is 3-dimensional.
•
(D) A rectangle and a cube are both
(A) Sphere (B) Cylinder
3-dimensional.
(C) Cone (D) All of the above
How many edges does a cuboid have ?
What is the flat surface of a solid figure
(A) 6 (B) 12
called?
(C) 8 (D) 16
(A) Vertex (B) Face
Of what shape are the bases of a cylinder?
(C) Edge (D) Solid
0
(A) Square (B) Rectangle
What is the number of flat surfaces of a (C) Circle (D) Triangle
cone?
Which of the following statements is
•
(A) 1 (B) 2 false?
(C) 3 (D) 0 (A) A sphere has one flat surface.
Of which shape are the faces of a (B) A cone has one flat face.
cuboid? (C) A cylinder has two circular faces.
(D) A sphere has one curved face.
•
(A) Square (B) Rectangle
What does the following figure
(C) Circle (D) Triangle
represent?
What is the the number of corners in a
cone?
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 0
0 What is the number of corners in a

cylinder? (A) A polygon
•
(A) 1 (B) 2 (B) A convex polyhedron
(C) 3 (D) 0 (C) A cylinder
(D) A pyramid
What do you call solid figures with line
A rectangular photoframe is an example
segments as their edges ?
of which of the following ?
•
(A) Polygons (B) Squares
(A) A rectangular path
(C) Cylinders (D) Polyhedrons (B) A groove
What is the difference between a (C) A circular path
rectangle and a cube ? (D) A cylindrical shell

EP em
• What is the shape of the given tent ?
(A) (B)
(C) rn (D)B
(A) A cone surmounted on a cube.
Which of the following objects has the
(B) A cylinder surmounted on a cube.
given figure as the front view?
(C) A cone surmounted on a cylinder.
(D) A cylinder surmounted on a cone.
What is the shape of a sharpened
pencil?
(A) A T.V set (B) A car

(C) A match box (D) An almirah
(A) A cube surmounted on a cuboid.
G) Observe the following solid.
caB
(B) A cone surmounted on a cylinder.
(C) A triangle surmounted on a
rectangle.
(D) A triangle surmounted on a square. The following box has a figure which is
Which of the following is the side view of a view of the given solid.
a 5 kg weight given ?
~ Which view of the solid is shown in the box?

(A) Side view (B) Top view
0
(C) Back view (D) Front view
(A) (B)~
~ What is the shape of the top view of a die?
(A) Cuboid (B) Square
0
(C) Cube (D) Rectangle
Which one of the following is the net of
[-.L.-1_____._.I] (Dl
(A)w
(C) a cube?
(B)~
A solid is of the shape given.
Which is its top view ? (C)~ (D) em

9. Visualising Solid Shapes
II
Which one of the following solids has a Which of the following has a base other
u u
curved surface? than a quatrilateral?
(A)4 (B) ~·· ~ (A) (B)
QD
.. (D) e.
0 [ill
•
(C)
·' (C) (D)
Which of the solids has the least number
of faces? Which one of the following cubes can be
(A)4 <t
formed by the net given ?
(B)
I /) [fJ
(A)@ (B)®
(C) (D)
4
Identify the solid with no triangular faces.
G~
(A) (B) (C)~ (D)
@
•
~
& [1]
•
Which one of the following solids can be
(C) (D) formed by the net given ?
Which of these solids does not have any

curved surface?
(A) Q (B)~
(C) &--& (D)

b (A) g (B) w
(C) ~ (D) Ll>

Which one of the following solids can be

obtained by folding the net given ?
4
• Name the solid given in the figure.
5 3
2
(A) Cuboid
6
(B) Square based prism
(C) Cube
(D) Triangular pyramid
(A) ~ (B) Name the solid in the given figure.
(C)
~ (D) B
Which one of the following is not a net
m
of the solid given ?
(A) Triangular prism (B) Cuboid
(C) Rectangular prism (D) Pyramid
~ Iii
w •
Previous Contest Questions....
g=D
true?
(A) (B)
(A) There is no difference between a
cube and a cuboid.
~ c:::b<:> (B) A cube has equal length, breadth
•
(C) (D) and height where as a cuboid has
different measures for length,
How many faces does the given solid breadth and height.
have? (C) A cube has different measures for
length, breadth and height and a
cuboid has equal length, breadth
and different height.
•
(D) A cube and a cuboid are both
2-dimensional figures .
(A) 6 (B) 4 Which of the given geometric solids has
(C) 8 (D) 12 the maximum number of vertices?
(A) Cone (B) Cylinder
(C) Cuboid (D) Pyramid
9. Visualising Solid Shapes

II
• If two cubes of dimensions 3 em x 3 em x

3 em are placed side by side, what would
the dimensions of the resulting cuboid
be?
(A) 6 em x 6 em x 6 em
•
(B) 12 em x 12 em x 12 em (A) 8 (B) 6
(C) 9 em x 6 em x 3 em (C) 6 (D) 7
(D) 6 em x 3 em x 3 em
0 What solid do you get when you give a

vertical cut to a brick of dimensions
5 em x 5 em x 10 em along 10 em side?
•
(A) Cuboid (B) Cylinder
(C) Cube (D) Triangle
What is a geometrical shape with no
(A) 12 (B) 20
vertices and no flat surfaces called ?
(C) 13 (D) 16
•
(A) Sphere
(C) Cylinder
(B) Cone
(D) Pyramid
G) Name the solid that can be formed from
the given net.
What is the total length of edges of the
following cube ?
J
~2<m
I
(A) Cylinder (B) Cuboid
(C) Cone (D) Cube
(A) 24 em (B) 30 em
Name the solid that can be formed from
(C) 32 em (D) 36 em
the given net.
(7-9): Find the number of faces of solids
shown in questions 7 to 9 .
• (A) 4
(C) 6
(B) 5
(D) 7
(A) Square based pyramid
(B) Cube
(C) Cone
(D) Triangular pyramid

Mensuration
+ Perimeter: The length of the boundary of a plane figure is called its perimeter.
+ Area: The amount of surface enclosed by a plane figure is called its area.
+ Rectangle: Given a rectangle of length Z' units and breadth 'b' units,
(i) Perimeter of the rectangle = 2(l + b) units
(ii) Diagonal of the rectangle, d = .Jzz + b2 units

(iii) Area of the rectangle = (l x b) sq. units
(iv) Length = ( br~ae:th) units
(v) Breadth = ( 1 :~::h) units

+ Area of four walls of room: Let there be a room with length Z' units, breadth 'b' units and
height 'h' units.
Then (i) Area of four walls = 2(l + b) x h sq. un its
(ii) Diagonal of room = ../z2 + b2 + h2 units

+ Perimeter and area of a square: Let each side of a square be 'a' units. Then
(i) Perimeter of the square = (4a) units
(ii) Diagonal of the square =../a2 + a2 =J2l =aJ2 units

(iii) Area of the square = a2 sq. units
(iv) Area of the square = 22 x ( diagonalf sq. units
(v) Side of the square = .JArea units
+ Perimeter and area of a triangle:

(i) Let ·a; 'b' and 'c' be the lengths of sides of a triangle. Then, perimeter of the triangle is
given by (a + b + c) units.
s= 21 (a + b + c) is called semi-perimeter of the triangle.
10. Mensuration
Ill
(ii) Areaofthetriangle = ~s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c) sq.units

(iii) Let the base of a triangle be 'b' units and its corresponding height (or altitude) be
'h' units.
Then the area of the triangle =( -i x b x h) sq. units
Note: We may consider any side of the triangle as its base.

Then the corresponding height would be the length of the perpendicular
to this side from the opposite vertex.
(iv) Area of an equilateral triangle with each side 'a' units -/3
= (4 x
2] sq. units
a
(v) Height of an equilateral triangle of side 'a' units = (~a] units

1
(vi) Area of a right triangle =
2 x (product of legs) sq. units
Note: The sides containing the right angle are known as legs of a right triangle.
+ Area of a parallelogram: Let ABCD be a parallelogram

with base 'b' units and height 'h' units.
Then area of parallelogram = (base x height) sq. units
+ Area of a rhombus: Let ABCD be a rhombus in which

diagonal AC = d1 units and diagonal BD = d 2 units.
Then area of rhombus ABCD = ( ~ x d, x d2 ) sq. units. B D
c
• Area of a trapezium: Let ABCD be a trapezium in which
AB II DC. Let AB be 'a' units and DC be 'b' units.
Then area of trapezium ABCD
1
=
2 x (sum of parallel sides) x distance between them
1
= 2 x (a + b) x h sq. units
II
Note: Distance between the parallel sides = height
10. Mensuration
+ Circle: A circle is a closed curve in a plane drawn in such a way that every point on this
curve is at a constant distance (r units) from a f ixed point 0 inside it.
The fixed point 0 is called the centre of the circle and the constant distance 'r' is called the
length of radius of the circle.
+ Circumference of a circle: The perimeter of a circle is called its circumference. The length
of the thread that goes around the circle exactly once gives the circumference of the
circle.
Circumference = 2nr = 1td, where r = radius and d = diameter

Here, 1t (Pi) is a constant.
22
Note: The approximate value of is taken as or 3.14. However is not a
7
rational number. It is an irrational number and is defined as the ratio of
circumference of a circle to its diameter.
+ Area of a circle: Area of a circle with radius 'r' units is equal to 1tr2 sq. units.
+ Area of a ring: The region enclosed between two concentric circles of
different radii is called a ring.
2 2 2 2
Area of the ring = (nR -nr )sq. units = n(R -r )sq. units
= n(R+r)(R-r)sq. units
+ length of arc of a circle: Let A and B be any two points on a circle. The
length of the thread that will wrap along this arc from A to B is the
............
length of AB written as AB .
In a circle of radius ·r: we have
l (A8) =~ or l (AB) = 2nrxo

Circumference 360° 360°
+ Area of a sector: A sector of a circle is the region enclosed by an arc
of a circle and two radii to its end points.
xo 2
Area of sector = x nr where 'x' is sector angle and 'r' is the radius
3600
of circle.
A
+ Segment of a circle: A segment of a circle is the region enclosed by
an arc of the circle and its chord.
Area of minor segment AXB =area of sector OAXB- area of!! OAB y
Area of major segment AYB = area of circle- area of minor segment
AXB
10. Mensuration
II
+ Volume: The space occupied by a solid body is called its volume.

The units of volume are cubic centimetres (cm 3) or cubic metres (m 3) etc.
+ Cuboid: A solid bounded by six rectangular plane faces is called a cuboid.
For a cuboid of length' f units, breadth 'b' units and height 'h' units,
(i) Volume of the cuboid = (l x b x h) cubic units
(ii) Diagonal of the cuboid = ~z2 + b2 + h2 units

(iii) Total surface area of the cuboid = 2(lb + bh + lh) sq. units
(iv) Lateral surface area of the cuboid = [2(l + b) x h) sq. units
(v) Area of 4 walls of a room = [2(l + b) x h) sq. units
+ Cube: A cuboid whose length, breadth and height are all equal is called a cube.
For a cube of edge 'a' units,
(i) Volume of the cube = a3 cubic units
(ii) Diagonal of the cube = a .J3 units
(iii) Total surface area of the cube = (6a 2) sq. units
(iv) Lateral surface area of the cube = (4a 2) sq. units
Relation between units
Units of length Units of Volume
1em=10mm 1 em '= 1000 mm'
100em=1m 1m'= 1000000 em'
11itre = 1000 em '
1 kilo litre= 1000 litres= 1m'
+ Cylinder: A solid having a curved surface and a uniform circular cross-section is known as
a cylinder.
Note: If the axis of the cylinder is perpendicular to each cross-section, the cylinder
is called a right circular cylinder.
+ Volume of a cylinder: For a cylinder whose height is 'h' units and the radius of base is 'r'
units,
(i) Volume of cylinder = (nr2 h) cubic units = (base area) x height

(ii) Area of curved surface = (2n rh) sq. units
(iii) Total surface area = (2n rh + 2n r2) sq. units
= 2 n r (h + r) sq. units h
Volume and Capacity are similar words
(i) Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object.
(ii) Capacity is the quantity that a container holds. Cylinder
II 10. Mensuration
0 The area of a rhombus is 28 cm 2 and one

of its diagonals is 4 em. Find its perimeter.
• The sides of a triangle are 3 em, 5 em and
4 em. What is its area?
• •
(A) 4J53 em (B) 36 em (A) 6 cm 2 (B) 7.5 cm 2
(C) 2J53 em (D) 44 em (C) s.J2 cm 2
(D) 10 cm 2
The area of a trapezium is 28 cm 2 and The base of an isosceles right triangle is
one of its parallel sides is 6 em. If its 30 em. Find its area.
altitude is 4 em, find its other parallel side.
225../3 cm2
•
(A) 225 cm 2 (B)
(A) 4 em (B) 8 em
(C) 6 em (D) 10cm
(C) s.J2 cm2 (D) 6../3 cm2
The perimeter of a trapezium is 52 em The sides of a triangle are 16 em, 30 em

and its non-parallel sides are each equal and 34 em. What is its area ?
to 10 em. If its altitude is 8 em, what is its (A) 120 cm 2 (B) 260cm 2
area? (C) 240cm2 (D) 272 cm 2
•
(A) 128 cm 2 (B) 112 cm 2 The adjacent sides of a parallelogram are
(C) 118 cm 2 (D) 124cm 2 8 em and 9 em. The diagonal joining the
A man bought a rectangular field of ends of these sides is 13 em. Calculate
length 144 m and width 64 m. In the area of the parallelogram.
exchange for this field he wanted to buy (A) 72 cm 2 (B) 12J35 cm2
a square field of the same area. What
would the side of the square field be? (C) 24.[35 cm2 (D) 150 cm 2
•
(A) 104m (B) 208m The sides of a triangle are 11 em, 15 em
(C) 96m (D) 416m and 16 em. What is the measure of the
altitude to the largest side ?
The area of a parallelogram is 120 cm 2
and its altitude is 10 em. Find the length (A) 30!' em (B) 30 em
of the base.
(A) 24 em (B) 12 em 1sJ7
(C) - - em
1SJ7
(D) - - em
(C) 8 em
4D
(D) 4 em 4 2
0 What is the area of an isosceles triangle The perimeter of a triangular field is 144
xg2
having base 'x' em and one side 'y' em? m and the ratio of its sides is
3 : 4 : 5. What is the area of the field?
(A) - y2 + - xJ¥y2
cm 2 (B) - - x2 cm2
2 4 2 4 (A) 864m 2 (B) 468m2
(C) 824m 2 (D) 486m2
•
2 2
(D) x + y cm2 A rectangular field has its length and
4
breadth in the ratio 5 : 3. Its area is 3.75
What is the length of the diagonal of a hectares. Find the cost of fencing it at
square whose area is 16900 m 2 ? ~ 5 per metre.
(A) 130m (B) 130J2 m (A) ~400 (B) ~4000

(C) 169m (D) 144m (C) ~ 1 000 (D) ~500
10. Mensuration
II
• What is the percentage change in the

area of a rectangle obtained by
decreasing its length and increasing its
breadth by 5%?
A sector of 120" cut out from a circle has
an area of
of the circle?
9~ sq. em. What is the radius
•
(A) 2.5% increase (A) 3 em (B) 2.5 em
(B) 0.25% increase (C) 3.5 em (D) 3.6 em
(C) 0.25% decrease Find the radius of the cylinder whose
(D) 2.5% decrease lateral surface area is 704 cm 2 and height
Find the area of the sector of a circle, is8cm.
whose radius is 6 m when the angle at
(A) 6 em (B) 4 em
the centre is 42°.
(C) 8 em (D) 14 em
(A) 13.2 m 2 (B) 14.2 m 2
In the figure given, RSTV is a square
(C) 13.4 m 2 (D) 14.4 m 2
inscribed in a circle with centre 0 and
If the radius of a circle is }n em, what is
radius 'r'. What is the total area of
unshaded region?
the area of the circle?
R~-----31o.
•
49
(A) 154 cm 2 (B) - cm 2
1t
(C) 22 cm 2 (D) 49 cm 2
Find the area of a segment of a circle of
radius 21 em if the arc of the segment
has a measure of 60°. (Take~= 1.73 .) (A) r 2 (n- 2) sq. units
(A) 45.27 cm 2 (B) 40.8 cm 2 (B) 2r(2 - 7t)
sq. units
(C) 40.27 cm 2 (D) 42.07 cm 2 (C) 1t(r2
- 2) sq. units
An aquarium is in the form of a cuboid 2
(D) (nr - 8r) sq. units
whose external measures are 80 em x 30 The dimensions of a hall are 40 m, 25 m
em x 40 em. The base, side faces and back and 20 m . If each person requires 200
face are to be covered with a coloured cubic metres of space, how many
paper. Find the area of the paper needed.
persons can be accommodated in the
(A) 2000 cm 2 (B) 8000 cm 2 hall?
(C) 3000 cm 2
(D) 1000 cm 2
(A) 120 (B) 150
A rectangular piece of paper 11 em x 4 (C) 140 (D) 100
em is folded without overlapping to
Three cylinders each of height 16 em and
make a cylinder of height 4 em. Find the
radius of base 4 em are placed on a plane
volume of the cylinder.
so that each cylinder touches the other
(A) 38.5 cm 3 (B) 40.5 cm 3 two. What is the volume of the region
(C) 41.5 cm 3 (D) 42.5 cm 3
enclosed between the three cylinders?
In a building, there are 24 cylindrical
pillars. The radius of each pillar is 28 em (A) 98( 4~ -7t) cm 3
98 ( 2.J3 -7t) cm
and height is 4 m. Find the total cost of
(B) 3
painting the curved surface area of all
pillars at the rate of ~ 8 per m 2• (C) 98(.J3 - 7t) cm 3
128( 2.J3 -7t) cm

(A) ~ 1352.68 (B) ~ 1351.68
(D) 3
(C) ~ 1353.68 (D) ~ 1340.68
II 10. Mensuration
From a cuboid measuring 7 em by 8 em

by 9 em, a cube of side 5 em is cut. What ~Previous Contest Questions....
is the volume of the remaining cuboid?
1 In the figure g iven, ABCD is a
(A) 397 cm 3 (B) 389cm3 parallelogram and CDEF is a rectangle.
(C) 398 cm 3 (D) 379 cm 3
A stone of volume 36 cm 3 is placed in a
rectangular tank measuring 8 em by 6
em by 5 em. A student wants to fill the
tank with water to a height of 4 em. What
is the volume of water needed?
(A) 218 cm 3 (B) 156 cm 3
(C) 228 cm 3 (D) 192 cm 3 What is the total area of the figure?
•
2 (A) 35 cm 2 (B) 30 cm 2
An empty tank was 5 full after 1.5 l of (C) 25 cm 2 (D) 20 cm 2
water was poured in it. The base area of What is the area of the shaded region in
the tank was 250 cm 2 . What was the the following figure?
height of the tank? 0
(A) 15 em (B) 5 em 7!
(C) 4 em i
14t
(D) 8 em
A cuboid measuring 20 em by 10 em by
4 em is constructed using 2 em cubes.
How many cubes were needed? { c
•
(A) 200 (B) 300 (A) 51.33 cm 2 (B) 102.7 cm 2
(C) 100 (D) 150 (C) 205.34 cm 2 (D) 108.6 cm 2
What is the volume of a cylindr ical If the areas of three adjacent faces of a
conta iner with base radius 5 em and rectangular block are in the ratio of
height 20 em? (Take 1t = 3.1 4 .) 2: 3 : 4 and its volume is 9000 cm 3, what is
the length of the shortest side?
•
(A) 157 l (B) 1.57 l
(A) 10 em (B) 15 em
(C) 1570 l (D) 15.7 l
(C) 20 em (D) 30 em
What is the height of a cuboid of volume Two cylinders of equal volume have
216 cm 3 if its length and breadth their heights in the ratio 2: 1. What is the
measure 8 em and 6 em?
ratio of their radii?
•
(A) 4.5 m (B) 6 m (A) 2: 1 (B) 1 : 2
(C) 4.8 m (D) 9 m (C) .J2 :1 (D) 1: .J2
A tank with a square base has a volume A well is to be dug 20 m deep, 2.25 m
of 384 cm 3. If its height is 6 em, find the inside diameter, with a brick lining of 0.35
length of the side of the square base. m thickness. What is the amount of brick
work done?
(A) 10 em (B) 8 em
(C) 12 em (D) 6 em (A) 14.75 m3 (B) 57.2 m 3
(C) 136.75 m 3 (D) 572m 3
10. Mensuration
II
• A rectangular sheet of paper, 36 em x 22

em, is rolled along its length to form a
cylinder. Find the volume of the cylinder
so formed.
• How many cubes of side 4 em can fill a
retangular box measuring 60 em by 40
em by 24 em?
(A) 900 (B) 90
•
(A) 2268 cm 3 (B) 226.8cm 3 (C) 3600 (D) 600
(C) 226 cm 3 (D) 23.4 cm 3
A wooden box (open at the top) of
0 A pit 10 m long and 2 m wide is filled
with 4.8 m 3 of sand. What is the depth of
thickness 0.5 em, length 21 em, width 11 the pit?
•
em and height 6 em is painted on the (A) 14cm (B) 2.4 em
inside. The expense for painting is ~ 70. (C) 24cm (D) 12cm
What is the rate of painting per square
The capacity of a cup is 300 m l. The
centimetre?
•
capacity of a jug is twice that of a cup.
(A) ~ 0.7 (B) ~ 0.5 What is the capacity of 3 cups and 3jugs?
•
(C) ~ 0.1 (D) ~ 0.2
(A) 2.7 l (B) 2700 l
If each edge of a cube is increased by (C) 27l (D) 270 l
25%, what is the percentage increase in
The volume of a cube is 512 cm 3. After a
its surface area?
smaller cube is out off from it, its volume
(A) 25% (B) 48.75% is 448 cm 3 . What is the length of each
(C) 50% (D) 56.25% side of the smaller cube?
(A) 6 em (B) 7 em
(C) 9 em (D) 4 em
II 10. Mensuration
Exponents and Powers
+ Exponential equation: An equation which has an unknown quantity as an exponent is

called an exponential equation.
e.g., (i) sx=625
(ii) 3x- 5 = 1
Note: If ax =ay, then x =y.

+ Standard form of numbers: A number written in the form (m x 10") is said to be in
standard form if 'm' is a decimal number between 1 and 9 and 'n' is either a positive or a
negative integer.
Very large numbers and very small numbers are expressed in standard form.
+ Laws of exponents (Integers): For any two non-zero integers 'a' and 'b: and any integers
'm' and 'n: the following laws hold good.
(i) am X a" = am •n (v) (am)" = amn
am
- = am- n (m > n)
r
(ii) (vi) am X bm = (abr
a"
am 1
(iii) -a" =--(m<n)
an- m (vii) bm b
am = (a
am 0
(iv) - = a (m = n) (viii) a0 = 1
a"
a
+ Positive integral exponent of a rational number: For any rational number b and a
positive integer ·n: ( ~ J a"

b"
r J.
a
+ Negative integral exponent of a rational number: For any rational number b and a
positive integer ·n: ( ~ = (~
II 11 . Exponents and Powers

+ Zero exponent of a rational number: For any rational number ~ and ·o: (~ J = 1.
+ Special case of a" :

a" = 1 only if n = 0 for any 'a' except a = 1 or a = -1.
Fora=1,
11 = 12 = 13 = 1·2 = ..... = 1 or (1 )" = 1 for infinitely many 'n:
For a = -1 ,
(-1) 0 = (-1)2 = (-1) 4 = (-1)-2 = ..... = 1 or (-1 )P = 1 for any even integer'p;and (-1)q = (-1) for any
odd integer ·q:
a c
+ laws of exponents (Rational numbers): Let b and d be any two rational numbers, and
r (a
'm' and 'n' be any integers. Then,
(i) (~ r ~ J ~ r•n (iv) (abxdc J= (ab)j" x(d)

c ]" {(a I b) I b)"
(r
X ( =( and (cld) (c I d)"
(ii) (~ r ~J ~ r-n
7 ( =( (v) ~ = (.; l'
where 'n' is a positive integer.
(iii)
{(Hr =(~r (vi) (~ J=1
11. Exponents and Powers

II
• What is the value of (3°- 4°) X 5-3? • What is the value of
•
(A) 25 (B) 0 2 2
(67.542) - (32.458) ?
(C) -25 (D) -125
75.458 - 40.374 .
What is the solution of 33x- 5 = : ? (A) 1 (B) 10
9
(C) 100 (D) -1 0
G)
•
7
(A) ~ (B) 5 (C) 1 (D) -3 Which of the following values are equal?
2
4
I. 1 II. 4°
Find the value of [ ( - 3)(-2)r3' . Ill. 0
4
IV. 4
1
(A) 729 (B) 32
•
(A) I and II (B) II and Ill
(C) 64 (D) -729
(C) I and Ill (D) I and IV
3
C6J
• Find the sum of the powers of the prime
Evaluate: S1 factors in 108 x 192.
•
2 8 27 (A) 5 (B) 7
(A) ~ (B) - (C) 27 (D) - (C) 8 (D) 12
2 9 8
-2 • Find the value of 3ifi. X 7 if6 X 5if18.
What is the value of (512)9?
(A) 545 (B) 500
•
1
24 (C) 630
G
(A) - (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) (D) 360
2
Find the value of
-2 -2
Simplify (32)5 + (125)3. (-3)0 - (- 3)3 - (- 3t +(-3)4 -(-3f2.
4 2
(A) 25
(B) 25 (C) - (D) ~ 2
4 5 2 (A) 109g (B) 102~
e If xY = yx, find the value of ( ~ r.

X
•
(C) 109
Evaluate
(D) 11 0
X
--1X
(A) xY (B) xY (-1)13 +23-110+32 +(2.)3 +~

23 32 -22 11 121 .
1._ _ 1
•
1_
(C) xx (D) xx
( 5 )0.25 X ( 125 )0.25 (B) 322_
44
Evaluate ( 256 )o1o x ( 256 )o.15 .
3137 3 21
(C) 440 (D) 440
(A) J5
2
(B) ~
4 CD If (25)x = (125)Y, find X : y.
25 25 (A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 3
(c) 2 (D) 16 (C) 3 : 2 (D) 1 : 3

•
116 113 114
• Find (0.000064) 514 x (0.04) 514.
•
(64r x(216r x(81)
(A) 210.1 Q10 (B) 21o.1o-1o
Compute (512t/3 x (16)1/4 x(9r1/2 0
(C) 2-1o.1Q10 (D) 2-1o 1o-1o
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 1 (D) -6 By what number should we multiply 4-3
•
G What is the simplified form of
so that the product may be equal to 64?
(A) 45 (B) 212 (C) 26 (D) 1
[Mx~r?
4/l
What is the number to be multiplied by
(-7)-1 so as to get 10-1 as the product?
••
10 -7 7 9 -3
(A) xs./o (B) 'j_
xs
(A) 10 (B) 10 (C) 10 (D) 10
xs What is the value of (6-1- 8·1) + (2-1- 3-1)-1?
ys
2
(C) L
•
(D) (A) 25 (B) 30 (C) 35 (D) 40
X
What is the standard form of
1 1 6020000000000000?
Find the value of - -m +- m •
1+X 1 +X (A) 6.02 X 1015 (B) 6.02 X 1013
(A) 0 (B) xm (C) 1 (D) x-m (C) 602 X 1013 (D) 602 X 1Q-15
• What is the usual form of 1.0001 x 109?
(A) 100010000
(B) 1000100000
•
(A) 3"-2.2"- 5.5".4 (B) 2a-s.Ja•2. 5a•4 (C) 10001000000000
(C) 2••5.3·o+2.5"+4 (D) 2a-S.J•-2.5"+4
(D) 10001000000
The size of a plant cell is 0.0000127 5 m .
Which is greater of 212 and 38? Express this size in standard form.
(A) 38
(B) 212 (A) 1.25 X 1Q8 m
(C) Both are equal. (B) 1.275 x 105 m
(D) Cannot be compared. (C) 1.275 x 10-s m
{(U' -(nT
(D) 1.275 x 10-5 m
What is the simplified form of
(x••b)3. (xb•cf. (xc ••f? G Evaluate

(x". xb.xc)
6 0
3 -3 -8
••
16
(A) 0 (B) 1 (A) 16 (B)-
8
(C)-
3
(D)-
3
(C) x••b •c (D) X
A box has 5 books, each 20 mm thick
If 3" = 729, find the value of 33" + 1.
and 5 cards each O.Q16 mm thick. What is
(A) 321 (B) 31o (C) 319 (D) 315 the total thickness?
1
If 27x • = gx • 3 = 3Y, find the respective (A) 1.0008 x 104mm
values of 'x' and y (B) 1.008 x 103 mm
(A) 3 and 12 (B) 12 and 3 (C) 1.0008 x 102mm
(C) 6 and 6 (D) 4 and 9 (D) 1.0008 x 105mm
11. Exponents and Powers

II
• The size of a red blood cell is 0.000007 m.

The size of a plant cell is 0.0000127 5 m.
Compare them.
(A)
1
2 (B)
1
4 (C) 5
1
(D) -5
1
•
0
What is the value of ( 8- 25 - 8- 26 )?
(A) 1 x s-25
(C) 7 X 8-26
(B) 8 x s-26
(D) 8 X 8-25
If (25)1-5 X (5)2·5 + (125) 1·5= 5•, find 'x'.
(A) 8.5 (B) 13
•
1
By what number should (-8)- be divided
(C) 16 (D) 17.5
to get 10-1?
ax 10
aY =a
4 5 -4 5 What is the value of 'x' if -
(A) - (B) .:._ (C) - (D) -
5 4 5 4
and (aY)3 =ax for a > 1?
• Previous Contest Questions~ (A) 25 (B) 5 (C) 20 (D) 15
0
2~~ f'
If x > 0, which of the following is equal to
0
3
What is the value of ( ? N?
(A) 36 (B) -36 (i) X+ X 112
1 -1 1
(ii) (x2)3
(C) 36 (D) 36 -1
2
(iii) (x )(x)2
• Evaluate:
1 1 1 (A) (ii) and (iii) only
+ +
(216) 2/3 (256r3'4 (32r,5 . (B) (i) and (ii) only
(C) (i) and (iii) only
•
(A) 102 (B) 105
0
(D) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(C) 107 (D) 109
If x 2 = 16 and y2= 4, what is the greatest
How much is [ 10150 + 10146 J? possible value of (x - y)2?
(A) 4 (B) -36
•
(A) 1000 (B) 10000 (C) -4 (D) 36
(C) 100000 (D) 106
025 • If .J5 = x - 2, what is the value of
Evaluate the product 5114 x (125) . . (x- 2)3 ?
(A) .J5 (B) 5 (C) 5.J5 (D) 25
-J25 .J65
0
(A) (B)
How much is (0.04 t·5
? (C) s.JS (D) 2.J5
(A) 25 (B) 125
(C) 250 (D) 625

Direct and Inverse Proportions
+ Unitary method:
A method in which the value of a quantity is first obtained to find the value of any required
quantity is called unitary method.
+ Direct proportion:
(i) Two quantities x andy are said to be in direct proportion if they increase (decrease)
together in such a manner that the ratio of their corresponding va lues rema ins
constant.
X
(ii) That is, if - = k [k is a positive number], then x andy are said to vary directly. In such
y
a case if y 1 and y2 are the values of y corresponding to the values x 1 and x 2 of x
x1 x
respectively then Y, = y;2 ·
Examples:
(a) As the number of articles increases, their cost increases. Cost is directly proportional
to the number of articles.
(b) The more the number of men, the more work is done in a given time. Work done is
directly proportional to the number of men working at it.
+ Inverse proportion:
(i) Two quantities x andy are said to be in inverse proportion if an increase in x causes a
proportiona I decrease in y (and vice-versa) in such a manner that the product of their
corresponding values remains constant.
(ii) That is, if xy = k, then x andy are said to vary inversely. In this case, if y 1 and y 2 are
the values of y corresponding to the values x 1 and x 2 of x respectively then
x, Yz
x 1 y, = x 2 y2 or;- = -y .
2 1
Examples:
(a) The more men employed, the less time it takes to complete a given work. The time
taken to finish a work is inversely proportional to the number of persons
working at it.
(b) If speed of car is increased, time taken to cover a given distance decreases. The time
taken by any veh icle in covering a certain distance is inversely proportional to the
speed of the vehicle.
12. Direct and Inverse Proportions

II
•
Multiple Choice Questicms
1 Observe the given table. A car takes 3 hours to reach a destination

by travelling at 60 km/h. How long will it
X 4 6 8 10 12 take while travelling at 90 km/h?
y 8 12 16 20 24 (A) 1 hour 30 minutes
•
(B) 1 hour 40 minutes
What can be said about x and y? (C) 2 hours 40 minutes
(A) x and y are directly proportional. (D) 2 hours
(B) x is inversely proportional toy. If 24 workers can paint a wall in 45 hours,
•
(C) y is inversely proportional to x. how many workers are required to do the
(D) There is no proportionality between same work in 20 hours ?
xand y.
(A) 45 (B) 24 (C) 54 (D) 36
A van covers 432 km with 36 litres of
If the weight of 15 sheets of thick paper
diesel. How much distance would it cover
is 50 grams, how many sheets of the same
•
with 25 litres of diesel ?
1
(A) 200 km (B) 300 km paper would weigh 1 kilograms?
(C) 100 km (D) 350 km 4
A photograph of a type of bacteria (A) 300 (B) 250 (C) 200 (D) 375
enlarged 50000 times attains a length of • If 32 horses consume 112 kg of gram in a
5 em. What is the actual length of certain period, how much gram will be
•
bacteria? consumed by 16 horses during the same
(A) 1000 em (B) 10-3 em period?
(C) 10-4 em (D) 10-2 em (A) 56 kg (B) 48.5 kg
If the cost of 27 bags of paddy is ~ 9450,
(C) 31.5 kg (D) 50 kg
• x varies inversely as square of y. Given that
•
what is the cost of 36 bags of paddy?
y = 3 for x = 1, find the value of x for y = 4.
(A) ~ 12000 (B) ~ 12600
(C) ~ 16200 (D) ~ 10620 1 9
The scale of a map is 1 : 3 x 107. Two cities
(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) 3 (D) 16
are 5 em apart on the map. Find the actual The price of 357 mangoes is~ 1517.25.
•
distance between them in kilometres. What will be the approximate price of
(A) 1500 km (B) 1000 km 49 dozens of such mangoes ?
(C) 1100 km (D) 2000 km (A) ~3000 (B) ~ 3500
A train is moving at a uniform speed of (C) ~4000 (D) ~ 2500
75 km/hr. How far will it travel in 36 If the cost of "x" metres of wire is "d "
•
minutes? rupees, what is the cost of "y" metres of
(A) 60 km (B) 40 km wire at the same rate ?
(C) 50 km (D) 45 km
If x and y are directly proportional, find (A) ~ (~) (B) ~ (xy)
~ ( x1)
the respective values of x 1 , x 2 and y 1 in
the table given. (C) ~ (yd) (D)
X 3 x, x2 10 A contractor can complete a certain piece
y y, of work in 9 days. He employed certain
30 50 80
number of men, but 6 of them being
(A) x 1 = 8; x 2 = 2; y1 = 100 absent from the very first day, the rest
(B) x 1 = 5; x 2 = 8; y1 = 100 could finish the work in 15 days. How
(C) x 1 = 2; x 2 = 8; y1 = 100 many men were originally employed ?
(D) x 1 = 5, x 2 = 8, y1 = 120 (A) 12 (B) 15 (C) 18 (D) 24
II 12. Direct and Inverse Proportions

• If 11.25 m of a uniform iron rod weighs

42.75 kg, what will be the weight of 6 m
of the same rod ?
(A) 22.8 kg
(C) 28 kg
(B) 25.6 kg
(D) 26.5 kg
A recipe for 20 rolls needs 5 tablespoons
of butter. How many tablespoons of
butter is needed for 30 rolls ?
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 7.5 (D) 6.5
Food in a camp lasts for 8 men for 29
On a scale of a map, 0.6 em represents weeks. How long would the food last for
6.6 km. If the distance between the points 10 men?
on the map is 80.5 em. What is the actual (A) 22.3 weeks (B) 24 weeks
•
distance between these places ? (C) 32 weeks (D) 23.2 weeks
(A) 9 km (B) 72.5 km
A wheel revolves 19500 times in 3 hours.
(C) 190.75 km (D) 885.5 km How many times does it revolve in
A flagstaff 17.5 m high casts a shadow of 7 hours?
length 40.25 m. What is the height of the
(A) 54500 (B) 55400
building which casts a shadow of length
(C) 45500 (D) 50450
28.75 m under similar conditions?
Suman drove 244 km in 4 hours. How long
(A) 10m (B) 12.5 m
will he take to drive 366 km going at the
(C) 17.5 m (D) 21.25 m
same speed?
36 men can construct a bridge in 18 days.
(A) 8 hours (B) 4 hours
In how many days will 27 men complete
the construction ?
(C) 10 hours (D) 6 hours
A typist can finish typing 3 pages in 5
(A) 12 (B) 18 (C) 22 (D) 24
minutes. How many minutes does it take
A rope makes 70 rounds of the circum-
•
him to type 10 pages ?
ference of a cylinder whose radius of the
(A) 16.7 minutes (B) 17.6 minutes
base is 14 em. How many times can it go
round a cylinder with radius 20 em ? (C) 180 minutes (D) 160 minutes
(A) 40 (B) 49 (C) 100 (D) 54 6 workers complete a job in 8 days. How
•
many workers are needed to complete
A certain number of men can finish a the job 2 days in advance ?
piece of work in 100 days. If, there were
10 men less, it would take 10 days more (A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 6
for the work to be finished. How many A supply of food lasts for a week for 25
men were there originally ? families. How long would it last if 5 more
(A) 75 (B) 82 (C) 100 (D) 110 families are to be supplied?
In a camp, 95 men had provisions for 200 (A) 5 days (B) 6 days
days. After 5 days, 30 men left the camp. 5 1
For how many days will the remaining (C) 6 of a week (D) 1
5 weeks
provisions last ?
5 people can paint a wall in 5 hours. In
(A) 180 (B) 285 how many hours can 3 people paint the
same wall?
(C) 139 ~ ~ (D) 200
2 1
(A) 8
A garrison of 500 men had provisions for 3 hours (B) 8
3 hours
•
27 days. After 3 days, a reinforcement of
300 men arrived. For how many more 1
(C) 9 hours (D) 8 hours
days will the remaining provisions last? 3
A car needs 33 litres of petrol to cover a
(A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 17~ (D) 18 distance of 363 km. Petrol costs · 78 per
litre. How much would one spend on a
If a quarter kg of green chillies cost 60
paise, how many paise will 200 g cost? journey of 407 km by that car ?
(A) 48 paise (B) 54 paise (A) ~ 2886 (B) ~ 2780
(C) 56 paise (D) 72 paise (C) ~ 2618 (D) ~ 2870
12. Direct and Inverse Proportions

II
Jl BMA'sTalent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VIII - Mathematics
• John bought 9 books for~ 36. How much

should he pay for 5 such books ?
• A rope makes 260 rounds of a cylinder
with base radius 20 em. How many times
•
can it go round a cylinder with base radius
(A) ~ 18 (B) ~ 12 (C) ~ 72 (D) ~ 20 26cm?
A shirt costs ~ 520 and a pair of trousers (A) 130 (B) 300 (C) 200 (D) 150
cost ~ 145. How much does it cost for 2
In a camp, there is a meal for 120 men or
such shirts and 3 pairs of such trousers ?
•
200 children. If 150 children have taken
•
(A) ~ 1040 (B) ~ 1475 the meal, how many men will be catered
(C) ~ 605 (D) ~ 435 to with the remaining meal?
A van travels 210 km in 3 hours. How far (A) 20 (B) 30 (C) 40 (D) 50
can it travel in 5 hours ? A wheel that has 6 cogs is meshed with a
(A) 350 km (B) 70 km larger wheel of 14 cogs. When the smaller
(C) 35 km (D) 270 km wheel has made 21 revolutions, what is
•
the number of revolutions made by the
A tailor makes 16 dresses from a 40 m larger wheel ?
long material. How much material would
•
(A) 4 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 49
be needed for 20 such dresses ?
A fort had provision of food for 150 men
(A) 20 m (B) 60 m (C) 28 m (D) 50 m for 45 days. After 10 days, 25 men left the
A shopkeeper makes a profit of ~ 15 from fort. For how many days does the
36 tins of oil. How much profit does he remaining food last?
•
make from 66 such tins ?
(A) 29~ (B) 37 ~ (C) 42 (D) 54
(A) ~ 32.50 (B) ~ 22.50
(C) ~ 27.50 (D) ~ 18.50 5
Three people paint a house in 20 days.
A man completes B of a job in 10 days.
How many days do 30 people take to do At this rate, how many more days will it
take him to finish the job ?
•
the same?
(A) 3 days (B) 2 days
(C) 60 days (D) 12 days
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 7~
A car takes one hour to cover a certain 5 women can clear a piece of land in
distance at 60 km/ h. How long will the 4 days. How many more women will be
same journey take at 80 km/ h ? required to clear it in one day?
(A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 25 (D) 15
0
(A) 45 minutes (B) 2 hours
(C) 90 minutes (D) 3 hours Satish takes 24 minutes to reach his
school, travelling at 15 km/h. At what
speed must he go to reach his school in
18 minutes?
(A) 20 km/h (B) 30 km/h
If 45 students can consume a stock of (C) 24 km/h (D) 18 km/h
food in 2 months, for how many days
8 bags of cattle feed are needed to feed
does the same stock of food last for 27
4 cows for 2 months. How long will the
students?
same feed last to feed 6 cows ?
(A) 100 (B) 144
(C) 160 (D) 180
1
0
(A) 4 months (B) 13 months
A man working 8 hours a day takes 5 days (C) 1 months (D) 3 months
to complete a project. How many hours
a day must he work to complete it in
4 days?
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 14
II 12. Direct and Inverse Proportions

Factorisation
+ Factorisation:
{i) The process of writing an algebraic expression as the product of two or more algebraic
expressions is called factorisation.
{ii) When we facto rise an expression, we write it as a product of factors. These factors may be
numbers, algebraic variables or algebraic expressions.
{iii) An irreducible factor is that which cannot be expressed further as a product of factors.
{iv) A systematic way of factorising an expression is the common factor method.
It consists of three steps:
(a) Write each term of the expression as a product of irreducible factors.
(b) Look for and separate the common factors and
(c) Combine the remaining factors in each term in accordance with the distributive law.
(v) Sometimes, all the terms in a given expression do not have a common factor; but the terms
can be grouped in such a way that all the terms in each group have a common factor.
When we do this, there emerges a common factor across all the groups leading to the
required factorisation of the expression. This is the method of regrouping.
+ Some important identities:
A number of expressions to be factorised are of the form or can be put into the form :
a2 + 2ab + b 2 , a2 - 2ab + b 2, a2 - b 2 and x 2 + (a + b) + ab. These expressions can be easily
factorised using identities I, II, Ill and IV.
I. (a + b)2 =a + 2ab + b
2 2
II. (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b 2

Ill. (a + b) (a - b) = a2 - b 2
IV. (x + a) (x - b) ::x2 + (a + b)x - ab
+ In expressions which have factors of the type (x + a) (x + b), remember that the numerical
term gives ab.lts factors, a and b, should be so chosen that their sum, with signs taken care of, is
the coefficient of x.
+ We know that in the case of numbers, division is the inverse of multipl ication. This idea is
applicable also to the division of algebraic expressions.
13. Factorisation
II
0 What are the factors of

ax + by + bx + az + ay + bz ?
0 Which of the following statements is
correct?
(A) (bx + ay), (ax + by) (A) (a - 4) (a - 2) = a2 + 8 - 6a
(B) (a + b), (2x + 2y + 2z) (B) (2p + 3q) (p - q) = 2p2 - 3q 2
•
(C) (x + y + z), (a + b) 3p2
(D) (x + y- z), (a -b) (C) - =0
3p2
= 4m -
0
Which of the following is one of the (D) 4 (m - 5) 5
factors of x 4 + 4 ? What are the factors of x 4 + y4 + x 2y2?
•
(B) x - 2x + 2
2
(A) (x2 + y2) and (x2 + l- xy)
(D) x 2 + 2x- 2 (B) (x2 + y 2) and (x2 - y2)
What are the factors of x 4 + 2x 2 + 9 ? (C) (x2 + y2 + xy) and (x2 + y 2 - xy)
0
(A) (x2 + 2x + 3), (x2- 2x + 3) (D) Factorisation is not possible.
(B) (x 2 + 3), (x2 - 3) Choose the factors of 15x 2- 26x + 8 from
•
(C) (x 2 + 2x + 3), (x 2 + 2x + 3) the following.
(D) (x 2 + 3), (x2 + 3) (A) (3x - 4), (5x + 2)
For x 2 + 2x + 5 to be a factor of (B) (3x - 4), (5x- 2)
x 4 + px2 + q, what must the respective (C) (3x + 4), (5x- 2)
values of p and q be ? (D) (3x + 4), (5x + 2)
•
(A) -2 and 5 (B) 5 and 25 • How many factors does (x9 - x) have ?
(C) 1 0 and 20 (D) 6 and 25 (A) 5 (B) 4
What are the factors of (C) 2 (D) 9
x 2 + xy - 2xz - 2yz ? • Wh ich of the following are the factors of
(A) (x - y) and (x + 2z) J! - -l
- ?
(B) (x + y) and (x - 2z) 4 9 °
I)
(C) (x - y) and (x - 2z)
(D) (x + y) and (x + 2z) (A) (~4 + 9 and (~4 -I)
0 Amrit and Pankaj expanded (x - 5)2.
9}
Amrit's answer is x 2 - 25 and Pankaj's
answer is x 2 - 1 Ox + 25.Which of the
(B) (~2 + 9 I) and (~2 - I)
9}
following statements is correct ?
(A) Amrit's answer is correct. (C) (~2 + 3 I) and (~2 -I)
3}
(B) Pankaj's answer is wrong.
•
(C) Both got correct answer.
(D) Pankaj's answer is correct.
(D) ( ~- ~) and ( ~- ~)
Find the quotient when 5a 2b 2c2 is divided • What is the coefficient of 'a' when
by 15 abc. 9a 2 + 18a is divided by (a + 2) ?
abc (A) 18 (B) 9
(A) 3 (B) 3 abc
1
(C) - (D) 2
(C) 3 a2b 2c2 (D) 5 a2b 2c 2 2
II 13. Factorisation
• From the following, which are the factors

of a2 + b - ab -a ?
(A) (a- 1) and (a - b)
(B) (a+b)and(a - 1)
(C) (a+1)and(a - b)
What are the factors of
(2x + 3y)2 + 2(2x + 3y) (x + y) + (x + y) 2 ?
(A) (3x + 4y) and (3x - 4y)
(B) (3x + 4y) and (3x + 4y)
(C) (3x + 2y) and (2x - 3y)
(D) (a + b) and (a + 1) (D) (3x - 4y) and (3x + 2y)
The expression (p2 + 7p + 10) is factorised What are the factors of
and then divided by (p + 5). What is the
a2b2 + c2d - a2c2 - b2d2 ?
quotient?
(A) (a + d), (a -d), (b + c) and (b - c)
(A) p- 5 (B) p- 2 (B) (a 2 - b2)
(C) p + 2 (D) p + 5 (C) (a 2 - d 2) and (b2 + c2)
Which is the correct statement in the (D) (a 2 + d 2) and (b2 - c2)
following?
Divide - 15a3bc 3by - 5abc2 .
(A) (3m+ 4)2 = 3m2 + 6m + 16
(B) n(3n + 2) = 3n 2 + 2n (A) 3a 1 c (B) 3a 2 c
(C) (x - 2)(x - 8) = x 2 - 16 (C) 3a c 3
(D) 4a 2 c
(D) (p + 2)(p + 4) =p 2
+8 - 3a2b x 15 cab 2
If (x + 3x + 5) (x - 3x + 5)
2 2
=m 2
-
2
n , what Simplify _ 1 cab
0
is the value of m?
(A) x2 - 3x (B) 3x (B) ~ a2b2
2
(C) x2 + 5 (D) x 2 + 3x
(D) !._ a2b2
Divide 6p5 + 18p4 - 3p 2 by 3p 2. 2
(A) 2p3 - 6p2 + 1 (B) 2p3 - 6p2 - 1 Find the quotient of the algebraic terms
(C) 2p3 + 6p2 - 1 (D) 2p3 + 6p2 + 1 36x
3
/z
2
Find the factors of b - 7b + 12. in - 9x2 / z
(A) (b- 4), (b- 8) (B) (b- 3), (b- 4) (A) 4x (B) 4xy 2z
(C) (b - 10), (b- 1)(D) (b - 7), (b- 9) (C) - 4x (D) 4x 3y2z
Find the factors of 6 mn - 4n + 6 - 9m. 4
Divide: 4p5 - 14p + 6p 3 - 2p2 by 2p2 .
(A) (2m- 1) and (2n - 4)
(A) 2p3 + 7p 2 + 3p + 1
(B) (4m - 1) and (n- 3)
(B) 2p3 - 7p2 + 3p- 1
(C) (3m - 2) and (2n - 3)
(D) (4m - 4) and (n- 1)
(C) 2p3 -7p2 -3p-1
(D) 2p3 +7p2 -3p-1
Which of the following is the exponential
form of factors of a2 + 4a + 4 ? Simplify
3(4 +2m2 - m) - 6(3m2 + m + 2)
(A) (a + 2)2 (B) (a + 1)2
(C) (a- 2)2 (D) (a -1)2 2(2m- 3) + 3(m + 2)
What is the result when x 3 + 6x 2 + 9x is 3(3m + 4) (B) 3(4m + 3)

factorised ? ~) 7 7
(A) x2(x + 2)2 (B) x(x + 3)2 (C) 3( 3m - 4) (D) -3(4; + 3)
(C) x(x + 3) (D) x 2(x + 3) 7
13. Factorisation
II
What is the factorisation of • The area of a square is (x 2 + 8x + 16) cm 2.

3xz- 4yz- 6xp + 8yp? Find the length of its side.
(A) (3x + 4y) (z + 2p) W ~-~em ~ ~-~em

(B) (3x + 4y) (z- 2p) (C) (x + 4) em (D) (x + 2) em
(C) (3x- 4y) (z + 2p) Which of the following is the correct
(D) (3x- 4y) (z- 2p) factorisation ?
Give the factor form of (A) 64 - x 2 = (64 - x) (64 + x)
(B) 27x 2 - 48 = 3(3x + 4) (3x- 4)
•
3(2p - q + 4r) + 2p + 15q - 16r.
(C) y2 - 81 = (y + 9) (y + 9)
(A) 4 (2p + 3q + r) (D) 36 - p 2 = (p - 6) (p + 6)
(B) 4 (2p + 3q - r) Which of the following factorisations is
(C) 4 (2p- 3q + r) incorrect?
(D) 4 (2p - 3q - r) (A) 200y2 - 2 = 2(10y + 1) (10y -1)
3lm 32ln 3
9ln 2
(B) 49x 2 - 36 = (7x + 6) (7x- 6)
Simplify - 2 x-- 2 +-.
8n m m (C) 200y2 - 2 = 2(10y + 1) (10y + 1)
4l 4l (D) 36 -100k 2 = (6 + 10k) (6 -10k)
(A) 3n (B) 3n
4n -4n • Previous Contest Questions~
0
(B) 3l (D)
3l
2 Choose the factors of
Divide q (5q - 80) by 5q(q + 4).
x 4 - 13x2/ + 36/ from the following.
(A) 5q (q-16) (B) (q-4)
(C) 5q (q 2 + 16) (D) (q + 16) (A) (x + 4y), (x- 4y), (x + 2y) and (x - 2y)
2 2
(B) (x +2x-8)and(x +2x-3)
Give the factor form of
6~n + 9mn2l + 12mnl.
(C) (x + 3y),(x - 3y), (x + 2y)and(x- 2y)
(A) 3mn(2m + 3nl + 4l) (D) (x 2 - 2x - 8)and (x 2 + 2x + 3)

(B) 4mn(4m + 4nl + 2l) • What is the factor form of
(C) 5mn(2m + 2nl + l)
9x 4 - 40x 2 + 16 ?
(D) 3mn(m + 2nl + 2l)
Divide 44(m 4 - 5m 3 - 24m 2)
(A) (x + 1)(x -1)(2x + 1)(2x -1)
by 11 m(m - 8). (B) (2x -1)( 4x2 + 2x + 1)
(A) 4m 2 (m - 3) (B) 4m(m- 3) (C) (x + 2)(2x - 3)(x - 1)(2x + 3)
(C) 4m2 (m +3) (D) 4m(m +3)
(D) (x + 2)(x - 2)(3x + 2)(3x - 2)
Factorise 49x2 - 36.
• What is the perfect square form of
(A) (7x- 6) (7x + 6)
2 12 4
(B) (7x + 36)7 9a - - a + - ?
5 25 .
(C) (7x + 6)6
G
(D) (7x + 6)(7x + 36)
Find the factors of 3z 2 + 9z + 6.
(A) (a- ~J (B) ( 3a-~J
( 2a -~J 3a +~J
(A) 3(z + 1) (z + 2) (B) 4(z + 2) (z + 3)
(C) (D) (
(C) 2(z + 3) (z + 1) (D) 3(z + 5) (z + 5)
II 13. Factorisation
0 Choose the factors of

2
0 What is the quotient when
12ab (9a 2- 16b)2 is d ivided by
a(x- y) - by + bx + 3x - 3y .
4ab (3a + 4b)?
(A) (x - y)and[a(x - y )+b +3]
(A) 4 (3a + 4b) (B) 3(3a - 4b)
0
(B) (a -b) and(3x-3y) (C) 3(3a + 4b) (D) 4(3a - 4b)
(C) (x - y) and (x 2 + a + 1) and (y2 + b + 1) Identify the factors of 18 - 32p2.
•
(D) (ax - y) and [a(x - y) + b + 3] (A) 2(4p + 3) (4p- 3)
(B) 2(3 + 4p) (3- 4p)
2 a -1
2
Find the factors of X + - - x - 1 from (C) 4(3 + 4p) (3- 4p)
a
0
(D) 4(3 + 2p) (3 - 2p)
the following.
Which of the following factorisations is
(A) (x-~)and (x+a) incorrect?

(A) 27k- 5k 2 = k(27 - 5k)
(B) (x- a~)and(x+a) (B) 6y2 -12y = 6y(y - 2)

(C) 16x- 4x 2 = 4x (4 - x 2)
(D) 121 n 2- 22n = 11 n(11 n - 2)
(C) (x- a~) and (x - a) G) Which of the following factorisations is
correct?
(D) ( x + a~) and (x +a) (A) 2 - 32x2 = 2(1 - 4x)2
(B) 4x 2 - 49 = (7 - 2x) (7 + 2x)
r_
• What is the factor form of
(C) - 18x2 +27x= 9x(2x-3)
(Pz + qz _ rz 4 pzq2 ? (D) -25 - 150p2= (-25) (1 + 6p2)
(A) (p + q + r) (p + q - r)
(p - q + r) (p - q - r)
(B) (p - q - r) (p2 - q2 - r2)
(C) (p - q - r) (2p - 2q - 2r)
(D) (p + q - r) (p2- q2 - r2)
13. Factorisation
II
Introduction to Graphs
+ Bar graph: A bar graph is used to show comparison among categories.

+ Pie graph: A pie graph is used to compare parts of whole.
+ Histogram: Representation that shows data in intervals.
+ Line graph: It shows data that changes continuously over periods of time.
+ Linear graph: A straight line graph is called a linear graph.
+ The Cartesian system:
(i) A plane is divided into 4 quarters (called quadrants) by two perpendicular lines,
intersecting at 0 (called origin). The horizontal line is called the X-axis and the vertical
line is called theY-axis.
(ii) A point is represented by the horizontal distance from the origin called the
x-coordinate and by the vertical distance from the origin called they-coordinate.
(iii) A point is represented by an ordered pair (x, y) where xis the x-coordinate andy is the
y-coordinate.
The Cartesian System

v
I V-axis
-.
~
~ I
J X-axis
~
Or\ ....I X
~
'L Origin{O, O) 1-
J
l
Coordinates of a Point
A{1,2)
tt
X-coordinate V-coordinate
Horizontal Vertfcal
distance from distance from
the V-axis the X-axis
II • 14. Introduction to Graphs

• A graph show s the relation betw een two variables, one of which is an indep endent variable
(or control variable) and the other a dependent variable.
• Advantages and disadvantages of various graphs:
Representation of data Advantages Disadvantages
Pictogram Data is represented in Not accurate.

Sales of Fruits an attractive manner. Difficult and t ime
(j(j
consuming to draw
Stall A the figures for large
data involving fractions.
Stall B (j(j(j
Stall C (j(j
Key : 1 Represents 50 apples
BarChart
Easy to construct. Does not show
Nurn ber of students enrolled in Shows the exact comparisons between
three years quantities of each the categories of data.
.."' y data category.
.."'
~ 1000
Two or more types of
-
nr
'0
::s 800 r-
600 - r- data can be displayed
...<U0 400 simultaneously.
200
.J:l
E 0 ~ X
::s
z
O s oys 0Girls
Pie Chart
Nationality of tourists Shows clearly the Long calculations are
difference in magnitude needed.
between the categories.
Not suitable if too
many categories of
data are involved .
Actual quantities are

not displayed .
14. Introduction to Graphs

II
f)7
~
• •
Multiple Choice Questions 0 C) (9
Which of the following statements is What is the ratio of the total sales of
true? branch B2 for both years to the total sales
•
(A) The X-axis is a vertical line. of branch B4 for both the years?
(B) TheY-axis is a horizontal line. (A) 2: 3 (B) 3 : 5 (C) 4 : 5 (D) 13: 18
(C) The scale on both the axes must be What percent of the average sa les of
the same in a Cartesian plane. branches B1, B and B3 in 2014 is the
average sales ofbranches B1, B3 and B6 in
•
(D) The point of intersection between
2013?
the X-axis andY-axis is called the
origin . (A) 75% (B) 77.5% (C) 91% (D) 87.5%
Which of the points given is a point on (8-12): The following pie charts show the
the X-axis? distribution of students of graduate and
(A) (5, 0) (B) (0, 5) (C) (5, 3) (D) (3, 5) post-graduate levels in seven different
institutes M, N, P, Q, R, S and T in a town.
(3-7): The bar-graph provided gives the sales
of books (in thousand numbers) by six Distribution of students at graduate and
branches of a publishing company during post-graduate levels in seven institutes M,
two consecutive years 2013 and 2014. N, P, Q, R, S, and T.
Sales of books (in thousand numbers) in Total number of students of
different branches graduate level = 27300
y
- 120'
r-
~ 1 10. r-
.a 1()().
E 90 r-
r-
~
c 80 r-
't)
70 r- ,- r-
c
"'"'
~
60
50
~
0
.;; 40
.."'
30
~ 20
10 Total number of students of post-graduate
'iQ 0
VI level= 24700
81 82 83 84 85 86 X
Branches
ozou ~2014
Answer the questions 5-9 based on this

bar-graph.
• What is the total sales of branches B1, B3
and B5 together for both the years (in
thousand numbers) ?
•
(A) 250 (B) 310 (C) 435 (D) 565
0 What percent of the total sales of branch

B3 for both the years is the total sales of
Note : Pie charts are not drawn to scale.
How many students of institutes M and S
• •
branch B6 for both the years ? are studying at graduate level ?
(A) 68.54% (B) 71.11 % (A) 7516 (B) 8463 (C) 9127 (D) 9409
(C) 76.19% (D) 75.55%
What is the tota l number of students
What is the average sale of all the studying at post-graduate level from
branches (in thousand numbers) for the institutes Nand P?
year 2013?
(A) 5601 (B) 5944
(A) 73 (B) 81 (C) 83 (D) 88 (C) 6669 (D) 7004
II 14. Introduction to Graphs

What is the total number of graduate and The bar chart shows the number of
post-graduate leve l students in the 'Maruti' and 'Benz' cars sold by three
instituteR ? dealers, A, B and C.
(A) 8320 (B) 7916
(C) 91 16 (D) 8372
What is the ratio of the number of students
studying at post-graduate and graduate
levels respectively in institute S ?
]~ s ~~~~+-~~~~~--~
I I
(A) 14 : 19 (B) 19 : 14 Ql
(C) 17 : 21 (D) 19: 21 0
What is the ratio of the number of c~+-+-+-+-+-....,....-...J

students at post-graduate level in 60
institute S and the number of students
studying at graduate level in institute Q?
(A) 13:19 (B) 21:13 D Ma ruti cars • Benz cars
(C) 13:8 (D) 19:13 Which of the following statements is
The bar chart shows the number of true?
workers employed by a trading company
in three years. (A) Dealer A sold 40 Maruti cars less than
dealer B.
y NOmbefiif orkers
(B) Dealer B sold 50 Maruti cars more
10
~
' t+- than dealer C.
8 ~ ......_
- (C) Dealer B sold the most number of
6
~ r-r Benz cars.
4
(D) The total number of Benz cars by
2 dealers B and C is 15.
c X
20U 2012 ~ 20_!1 Year s
The line graph shows the price of chicken
~
KevO Ma le workers
0 Female workers
in towns M and N.
Calculate the difference between the
l : · · -~·- · :.. ~. .
total number of male and female workers
employed over those three years.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6
The line graph shows the sale of dolls by
Suhas from Monday to Saturday in a
-·!·-.... : I .
u 20
particular week. 0 ·········•····•
y ~~0
·;: X
Al l l sl
ll.
.!a 40
:g 0 r.lJ ~
Y-
30 T W Th Days
0 20
_, v l Key: ··... Tow n M - Town N
Ql
'" 10 x
"' On which days are the price of chicken
l'y'I T W"fhfS the same in both the towns ?
Given that the cost of one doll is~ 35,how
(A) Tuesday and Friday only
much did Suhas receive from the sale of
dolls on Saturday ? (B) Friday only
(C) Wednesday and Friday only
(A) ~ 200 (B) ~ 700
(C) ~ 1050 (D) ~ 1400 (D) Tuesday only

II
rlCDBMA's Talent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book
The line graph shows the sale of watches

Cl ass VIII - Mathematics
The line graph shows the number of road

in a company. accidents over the first four months of a
certain year.
~~I
J:~ -~;-T-~-+~~-+-~-1
"'~ 40
~ 30 50
Ql
"0
IV
20
J:J
0 Ill
.......... 40
~ 10 --1---r---f I - c
0 Ql
"-"0 30
0 J n Feb Cll·-
.au
E ~ 20
::I
z
10
X
(A) 160 (B) 180 (C) 175 (D) 170
o c .a L
Q.
(18-19): The line graph shows the monthly
~ ~ <C Mont h
expenditure of Vasu's family.
y
r600 1 ..
false?
(A) The number of accidents is the
highest in March.
(B) The number of accidents fell by 50%
~00 in February compared to the number
400 in January.
... (C) The total number of accidents over
00 the four months is 140.
(D) The number of accidents increased
by 3 times in March as compared to
the number in February.
X
l
•
Q.
<C (22-23): The graph given shows the simple
Month interest given on deposits in a bank.
y
What is the total expenditure over the
first 3 months ?
(A) ~ 1400 (B) ~ 600 ;; 9 0
(C) ~ 1100 (D) ~ 1320 .§. 80
Find the difference between their highest

~ 70
..
B
..5 60
and lowest monthly expenditures.
-a 50
(A) ~ 100 (B) ~ 400 E 40
;;;
(C) ~ 300 (D) ~ 200 ii 30
::J
1:
1:
20
Which of the following statements is < 10
correct? 0 X
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(A) The coordinates of the origin are Deposits {In hundreds of rupees)-+
(0, 1). Find the amount to be deposited to earn
(B) The point (5, 0) lies on theY-axis. an interest of '{ 45.
(C) The point (0, 7) lies on theY-axis. (A) ~ 250 (B) ~ 450
(D) The point (3, 2) lies on the X-axis. (C) ~ 400 (C) ~ 550

• How much interest is paid on a deposit (29-33): The histogram shows the p etrol
of~ 750? consumption per week of a number o f cars
(A) ~ 75 (B) ~ 65 in a city.
(C) ~ 70 (D) ~ 80 y
(24-28): 1200 students wer e ask ed to
choose a game for their CCA. The pie chart 16
.,~ 16 14 14
-
given represents their choices.
u 12
0
~ 8
.0
E 4 2
:J
z 0
••
o.n o.n o.n o.n o.n o.n o.n o.n
ci o.n ci .,; ci .,; ci o.n
,..., ,..., "" "" o.n o.n \0 \0
Volume of pet rol (l)
What is the total number of cars ?
(A) 70 (B) 68 (C) 74 (D) 76
•
What is the frequency of the modal class?
(A) 16 (B) 14 (C) 4 (D) 10
What percentage of the pupils chose How many cars consume less than 40.5 l
table tennis ? of petrol per week ?
(A) 30% (B) 40% (A) 4 (B) 14 (C) 10 (D) 6
(C) 35% (D) 45%
How many cars consume more than
•
How many more pupils chose table tennis
than foot ball? 50.5 l of petrol ?
(A) 120 (B) 30 (A) 28 (B) 14 (C) 16 (D) 30
(C) 250 (D) 300 How many litres of petrol do 10 cars
The table-tennis group and the volley ball consume?
group should have the same number of (A) 45.5 - 50.5 (B) 30.5 - 35.5
pupils. How many pupils should be (C) 40.5 - 45.5 (D) 35.5 - 40.5
transferred from the table tennis group
to the volleyball group? (34-36): The line graph given shows the rate
(A) 50 (B) 27 (C) 90 (D) 11 2 of the production of toys in a factory.
Number of toys p roduced
What is the ratio of the number of pupils
who chose tennis and table tennis to the 1000
900
number of pupils who chose the other
800
games?
700
(A) 7 : 13 (B) 9 : 11 (C) 11 : 9 (D) 9 : 13 600
Which of the following is correct ? 500
400
Game No. of pupils 300
•
200
(A) Badm inton 300 100
tl-'r""'!''!~~~~~Ti me
10 15 20 25 30 35 O(x m inutes)
(B) Volley ball 300
How many toys were produced in
(C) Tennis 240 10 minutes?
(D) Soccer 360 (A) 2100 (B) 2300
(C) 2200 (D) 2000

II
•
•
Find the time taken to produce 5400 toys.
(A) 35 minutes (B) 30 minutes
(C) 23.5 minutes (D) 20 minutes
Find the expected t ime to complete
0 Which combination of three crops
contribute to 50% of the total area under
the food crops ?
(A) Wheat, Barley and Jowar
•
producing 8000 toys if the production (B) Rice, Wheat and Jowar
starts at 3.45 p.m. (C) Rice, Wheat and Barley
(A) 3 :50 p.m (B) 4 : 20 p.m (D) Bajra, Maize and Rice
(C) 4 : 15p.m (D) 4 :35p.m If the total area under jowar was 1.5
(37-38): The line graph shows the earning million acres, what was the area (in
of a daily wage employee in a small firm. millions acres) under rice ?
y (A) 6 (B) 7.5
A/
;:-120 (C) 9 (D) 4.5
:§.1 00 (3-5): The bar graph shows the foreign
.. exchange reserves of a country (in million

"1:1
CD
c 80 US$) from 2000- 01 to 2007 - 08 .
-
I'll
CD
60 v
c 5040
:::::s
0 40
E
"" 20
~mm~~mmmmmm~~-.x
0
M T W Th F S
Days- .
•
By how much did his income fa ll on
Wednesday from that on Monday ?
(A) ~ 20 (B) ~ 15 (C) ~ 10 (D) ~ 40 q
N m
q
'<t
q
Between which two days was the increase .... N m
0 0 0
0 0 0
in the income of the person the same as N N N N
that between Monday and Tuesday? Years
0
Answer the questions based on the graph.
(A) Wednesday and Thursday
(B) Wednesday and Friday The foreign exchange reserves in 2006-
(C) Tuesday and Wednesday 2007 was how many times that in 2003-
(D) Friday and Saturday 2004?
•
(A) 0.7 (B) 1.2
~ 'T Previous Contest Questions.... (C) 1.4 (D) 1.5
(1-2): The pie-chart gives the distribution of What was the percentage increase in the
land (in a village) under various food crops. foreign exchange reserves in 2006-2007
over 2002-2003 ?
•
(A) 100% (B) 150%
(C) 200% (D) 620 %
What is the ratio of the number of years,
in which the foreign exchange reserves
are above the average reserves, to those
in which the reserves are below the
average reserves ?
(A) 2 : 6 (B) 3 : 4
Study the pie chart and answer the
following questions. (C) 3:5 (D) 5 : 3

BMA'sTalent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book Class VIII -Mathematics
(6-8}: The following line graph gives the ratio Which of the points given is a point on
of the amount of imports by a company to theY-axis?
the amount of exports from that company (A) (7, 0) (B) (6, 5)
over the period from 2002 to 2008. (C) (5, 3) (D) (0, 5)
Ratio of value of imports to exports by a (11-15): The pie chart shows the number of
company over the years. different flavours of milk shakes sold at an
y ice-cream parlour in a day. Same number of
1.SS apple, strawberry and orange flavours were
1.6
l.S sold.
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0 .7
•
0.6
0.5
0.4 Grape
0.3
0.2 If 66 glasses of grape-flavoured mil k
0.1 shake were sold, how many milk shakes
o~+--+--+-~~-+--+--+-. X were sold altogether?
N m '<t U'l \D ,.... 00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (A) 600 (B) 60
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N
(C) 500 (D) 100
In how many years were the exports more
How many apple flavoured milk shakes
•
than the imports ?
were sold daily if 600 milk shakes were
(A) 1 (B) 2 sold in all?
(C) 3 (D) 4
(A) 30 (B) 60
The imports of the company in 2003 was (C) 45 (D) 10
t 272 crores. How much was the exports
How many more banana flavoured milk
from the company in 2003?
•
shakes than mango flavoured milk shakes
(A) ~ 370 crores (B) ~ 320 crores were sold daily if 600 milk shakes were
(C) ~ 280 crores (D) ~ 275 crores sold in all?
In which year was the imports minimum, (A) 66 (B) 54
p roportionate to the exports of the (C) 60 (D) 72
company?
•
How m any milk shakes of apple, orange
(A) 2002 (B) 2003 and strawberry flavours are sold in a day
(C) 2004 (D) 2005 if 600 milk shakes were sold in all?
y
, (A) 240 (B) 180
(C) 300 (D) 120
4
3 o. What is the ratio of the number of mango
milk shakes to that of apple milk shakes
2
1 J I sold if 600 milk shakes were sold in all?
(A) 13 : 6 (B) 12 : 7
X (C) 12 : 5 (D) 13 : 1 5
012 3 4 56 7
What are the coordinates of Q ?
(A) (6, 6) (B) (3, 3)
(C) (10, 6) (D) (12, 9)

II
Playing with Numbers
+ General form of a number: The general form of a number abc is

abc = a x 1 00 + b x 1 0 + c.
+ Divisibility Rules:
Divisibility Conditions Example
factor
The last digit is 0 or an 9340 0 (Last digit 0)
2 even number. 3456 6 (Last digit is an even number)
:. 9340 & 3456 are divisible by 2.
The sum of all the digits 4746 (4 + 7 + 4 + 6) + 3
3 of the number is divisible = 21 + 3 = 7
by 3. : . 4746 is divisible by 3.
The number formed by 616 16 + 4 = 4
4 last two digits of the 8900 00 (Last two digits are 00)
number is divisible by :. 616 and 8900 are divisible by 4.
4 or are 00.
The last digit of the 6041~ 5 (Last digit is 5)
5 number is 0 or 5. 7629Q 0 (Last digit is O)
:. 60 415 and 76 290 are divisible by 5.
The last digit is 0 or an 7596 (7 + 5 + 9 + 6) + 3
6 even number, and the sum = 27 + 3 = 9
of all the digits of the .. 7 596 is divisible by 6.
number is divisible by 3.
The difference between the 406 406 is divisible by 7 because
number formed by the 40 - (6 X 2) = 28
7 digit/digits in front and the 28 is divisible by 7.
doubled value of the last .. 406 is divisible by 7.
digit is 0 (or) is divisible 8722 8722 is divisible by 7 because
by 7. 872 - (2 X 2) = 868
868 is divisible by 7.
.. 8722 is divisible by 7.
815 815 is not divisible by 7 because
81 - (5 X 2) = 71
71 is not divisible by 7.
.. 815 is not divisible by 7.
The number formed by the 3568 568 + 8 = 71
8 last three digits of the .. 3 568 is divisible by 8.
number is divisible by 8.
15. Playing with Numbers

II
Divisibility Conditions
Example
factor
9 The sum of all the digits of 6048 (6 + 0 + 4 + 8) + 9 = 18 + 9 =2
the number is divisible by 9. : . 6 048 is d ivisib le by 9.
10 The last dig it is 0. 931 Q 0 (Last d igit is 0)

: . 9 310 is d ivisib le by 10.
11 The difference of the sum 1364 ((3 + 4) - (1 + 6)) =0

of the d igits in even p laces 3729 ((7 + 9) - (3 + 2)) = 11
and the sum of the digits : . 1364 and 3 729 are divisible by 11.
in odd places is 0 o r is
divisible by 11. 251 76 ((5 + 7) - (2 + 1 + 6)) = 3
: . 25176 is not divisible by 11.
12 The number is d ivisible 648 (6 + 4 + 8 = 18 and

by both 3 and 4. also 48 + 4 = 12)
: . 648 is d ivisib le by 12.
916 (9 + 1 + 6 = 16 and
16+4=4
: . 916 is not divisible by 12 as it
is not divisible by 3.
II 15. Playing with Numbers

~- ..·Multiple. Cho.ice_._Q uestions:.. 0 e e e7 •

0 By which of these numbers is the
number 31 16365 divisible?
Which of the following is not prime?
(A) 107 (B) 127
•
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 153 (D) 197
(C) Both 5 and 7 (D) 6 Which of the given numbers is
Which of the following statements is composite?
false? (A) 137 (B) 147
(A) If a number is divisible by 8, it must (C) 157 (D) 167
be divisible by 4. • A prime number is greater than 30 and
(B) If a number is divisible by both 9 lesser than 60. What is the greatest
and 10, it is divisible by 90. possible such number?
(C) The sum of two consecutive odd (A) 37 (B) 53 (C) 43 (D) 59
numbers is always divisible by 4. Which of the following statements is
•
(D) If a number is not divisible by both true?
3 and 4, it is divisible by 12.
(A) A number is divisible by 4 if it is
What value should be given to * so that divisible by 2.
•
the number 653*47 is divisible by 11 ?
(B) A number is divisible by 9 if it is
(A) 1 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 9 divisible by 3.
Which is the least number of 4 digits that (C) A number is divisible by 11 if the
is exactly divisible by 13? number formed by its last two
•
(A) 1052 (B) 1039 digits is divisible by 11.
(C) 1032 (D) 1001 (D) A number is divisible by 8 if the
When is a number always divisible by 90? number formed by its last three
(A) If it is divisible by both 2 and 45. digits is divisible by 8.
(B) If it is not divisible by both 5 and 18. N is a 5-digit number divisible by 5. If N is
•
(C) If it is not divisible by both 9 and 10. bigger than 10000 and smaller than
(D) If it is divisible by 3 and 20 . 10010, what is the value of N?
By which of the following numbers is 477 (A) 10000 (B) 10010
•
not divisible? (C) 10005 (D) 10001
(A) 3 (B) 7 (C) 53 (D) 9 Identify the multiple of 8.
If a number is divisible by 9, it is also (A) 487718 (B) 505672
••
divisible by which number? (C) 216428 (D) 763121
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 4 Which of the following is divisible by 12?
Which number is divisible by 6? (A) 284382 (B) 624876
(A) 213 (B) 468 (C) 621 (D) 573 (C) 926248 (D) 746174
32 + m is a prime number. What is the X is the least composite number between

least value of 'm'? 85 and 100. What is the value of X?
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 4 (A) 85 (B) 99 (C) 100 (D) 86

II
• Z is a three digit even number less than

200, and more than 190 that is divisible
by 7. Find Z.
(A) 196 (B) 193 (C) 199
Identify the even prime number.
(D) 197
If 'r' and 's' are both odd integers, which
of the following must be an even
integer?
r +S
(A) - -
2
(B) 2rs (C) rs
2
(D) 3rs
(A) 132 (B) 102 When 'n' is divided by 5, the remainder is

(C) 284 (D) 2 4. When 'n' is divided by 4, the remainder
is 3. If 0 < n < 100, what is a possible value
•
How many prime numbers are there
of 'n'?
between 100 and 200?
(A) 9 (B) 14 (C) 19 (D) 24
(A) 25 (B) 19 (C) 21 (D) 20
If 'n' is an even integer, which of the
Identify a factor of 26111 1.
following must be an odd integer?
(A) 8 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 2
(A) 3n - 2 (B) n - 2
30 is expressed in terms of prime
n
numbers. Which of the expressions is (C) 3(n + 1) (D) -
incorrect? 3
(A) 30 = 12 + 18 (B) 30 = 11 + 19 If a = 4b + 26, and 'b' is a positive integer,
(C) 30 = 13 + 17 (D) 30 = 2 X 3 X 5 which of the following does not divide
•a.
'?
Identify the incorrect statement.
(A) The sum of two odd numbers is (A) 2 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 6
always odd. If a, b, c and d are consecutive multiples
(B) The product of two odd numbers is of 5 and a < b < c < d, what is the value of
always odd. (a -c) (d -b)?
(C) The sum of two even numbers is (A) 100 (B) -100
always even. (C) 25 (D) -25
(D) The product of two even numbers The remainder when 'x' is divided by 5
is always even. equals the remainder when 'x' is divided
by 4. Which of the following could not be
x 2 + x + 11 is a prime number. Which of
a value of 'x'?
the following is not a value of· x '?
(A) 20 (B) 24 (C) 21 (D) 22
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 2
If 'q' is an integer between 50 and 70
If a - b is a multiple of 7, which of the
which can be expressed as 7j + 3, for some
•
following is also a multiple of 7?
integer j what is a possible value of 'q'?
(A) b- a (B) ab
(A) 59 (B) 53 (C) 64 (D) 68
(C) a+ b (D) a + b What is the remainder when the sum of
2
three consecutive even integers is
•
The units digit of a two digit number is 3
divided by 6?
times the tens digit. If the digits are
reversed, the resulting number is 36 (A) 4 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 3
more than the original number. What is How many numbers between 1 and 200
the original number? are multiples of 5 and are divisible by 3?
(A) 26 (B) 36 (C) 93 (D) 39 (A) 100 (B) 50 (C) 95 (D) 93
II 15. Playing with Numbers

• Find the value of P. Q, RandS respectively.

PQRS
• Which is the expanded form of 407?
(A) 4 X
(B) 4 x
1 00 + 7 X 10
1 00 + 0 x 1 0 + 7 x 1
•
x9
(C) 4 X 10 + 7
SRQP (0) 4 x 10 + 0 x 10 + 7 x 1
In the product BA x B3 =57 A. what are
(A) 1, 0, 8, 9 (B) 8, 1, 0, 9
the respective positional values of Band
(C) 1, 0, 9, 8 (D) 1, 9, 0, 8
A?
Find the value of P. Q, RandS respectively.
(A) 6, 7 (B) 5, 2 (C) 7, 4 (D) 2, 5
R S
QRS
0 In which of the following pairs of
numbers is it true that their sum is 11
times their product?
+ Q P RS
(A) 1, 1/11 (B) 1, 1/1 0
1 9 8 9 (C) 1, 1/12 (D) 1,10
(A)6,1,7,3
(C) 7, 1,6,3
(B) 1, 7,3,6
(D) 1, 6, 3, 7 0 X is a prime number greater than 50 but
less than 70. What is the greatest
Find D + E + F from the following. possible value of X?
DE F X D = 10 OF (A) 53 (B) 61 (C) 67 (D) 59
(A) 12 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 5 M is a composite number between 70
and 90. Which of the following is the
greatest possible value of M?
X is the sum of the digits of a 3 digit (A) 70 (B) 88 (C) 72 (D) 90

number subtracted from the number. Which of the following is true?
Which of the following is true ?
(A) 7 is the least composite number.
(A) X is divisible by 5.
(B) 53 is the only prime number
•
(B) X is not divisible by 6.
between 50 and 60.
(C) X is divisible by 9.
(D) X is not divisible by 9. (C) 97 is the only prime number
between 90 and 100.
If X+ X +X = YX, find the respective values
•
of X andY. (D) 1 is the least prime number.
(A) 6, 1 (B) 5, 1 (C) 1, 5 (D) 1, 6 • Which of the given statements is false?
Which of the following is the usual form (A) 47 is the largest prime between the
•
Of 100 X 8 + 10 X 5 + 9? numbers 1 and 50.
(A) 985 (B) 895 (C) 809 (D) 859 (B) 89 is the only prime between 85
Which of the following integers has the and 95.
•
most divisors? (C) 99 is the largest composite number
(A) 88 (B) 91 (C) 99 (D) 101 less than 100 .
Which of the following numbers is (D) There are 10 prime numbers
exactly divisible by 99? between 1 and 20.
(A) 114345 (B) 135 792
(C) 3572404 (D) 913464

Ill
~ Questions@stimulating-minds"'; ~
1. A pool has a volume of 4000 l. Sheela starts filling the empty pool with water at a rate of20 L/min.
The pool springs a leak after 20 minutes and water leaks out at 2 l/min. Beg inning from the time
when Sheela starts filling the empty pool, how long does it take unti l the pool is completely fu ll?
2. March 3, 2009 or 3/3/09 was called a "square root day" because the day and the month are both
the square root of the last two d igits of the year. Find the number of square root days between
January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2099.
3. In the given figure, AE and BD are straight lines that intersect at C. If BD = 16, AB = 9, CE = 5, and
DE = 3, what is the length of AC?
~0 E
4. In the given figure, ABCD is a square with side length 6, and WXYZ is a rectangle with ZY = 10 and
XV= 6. Also, AD andWX are perpendicular. If the shaded area is equal to half of the area ofWXYZ,
what is the length of AP?
A 6 B
w X
p
6
D c
z 10 y
5. Krish and Purab go on a 30 km run. They both usually run at 10 km/h.lf Krish runs at 21 his usual
1
running speed, and Purab runs at 1
2 times his usual speed, how many more hours does it take
Krish to complete the run than it takes Purab to complete the run?
6. In the given figure, ABCD is a square with area 25 cm 2. If PQCD is a rhombus with area 20 cm 2, find
the area of the shaded region, (in cm 2).
II Questions@stimulating-minds
7. In the following equations, the letters a, band c represent different numbers.

1 3 = 1; a 3 =1 + 7; 3 3 =1 + 7 + b; 4 3 = 1 + 7 + c
Find the numerical value of a + b + c.
8. When 5 3 ~ - 621 is evaluated, what is the units (ones) digit?
9. Jack and Jill exercise along the same route. Ji ll jogs the f irst half of the route at 6 km/h, runs the
remainder of the route at 12 km/h and takes a total time of x hours. Jack walks the first third of the
route at 5 km/h, runs the reaminder at 15km/h and takes a total time ofy hours. Find the value of
X
- ?
y·
10. The circle graph shown illustrates the results of a survey taken by the H.S. Student Council to
determine the favouri te cafeteri a food. How many of the 200 students surveyed said that their
favourite food was sandwiches?
11. In the g iven figureR is the point of intersection ofPT and QS, PQ = PR.and RS = RT. If L PQR = 2x0 ,
what is the measure of L RST, (in degrees)?
p
T
12. On Monday, Harsh drove to work at an average speed 70 km/h and arrived 1 minute late. On
Tuesday, he left at the same time and took the same route. This time he drove at an average speed
of 75 km/h and arrived 1 m inute early. How long is his route to work?
13. If x andy are two-d igit positive integers with xy = 555, what is x + y?
50 zeroes
,------A----..
14. Suppose N = 1 + 11 + 101 + 1001 + 10001 + ... + 1000... 00001.
When N is calculated and w irtten as a single integer, what is the sum of its dig its?
15. In the diagram, .!lABC is right-angled at C. Also, points M, Nand Pare the midpoints of sides BC, AC
and AB, respectively.lf the area of .!lAPN is 2 cm 2, find the area of is ilABC .
A
N~B
C M
Questions@stimulating-minds
IIIII
Score 0
Model Test Paper[;{)

0 If 50 men can do a piece of work in 49
• Which is the correct net for the solid with
•
days, in how many days will35 men do it? a top opening as given in figure?
(A) 60 (B) 76 (C) 70 (D) 84
Compute the perimeter of the figure to
one decimal place.
2m 20m 2m
~
(A)qp (B)~
lgll
• I 1:11
(A) 56.0 m (B) 56.6 m
(C) 57.2 m (D) 57.9 m
X is a two-digit number. Y is the number
(Cd (D)
0
obtained on reversing the digits of X.
Which of the following is true ? What is the sum of the greatest and the
5 1 11
(A) X + Y is divisible by 10. least numbers of 9, 9 and 9?
(B) X- Y is divisible by 6.
(C) X- Y is divisible by 9. 2 4 4 2
•
(A) - (B) - (C) - (D) -
(D) X + Y is divisible by 8. 9 9 3 3
x
If -
y
6
= -5 , what is the value of
x2 + /
X
2
-y
2 ?
0 When 23 is divided by 3, the remainder
is 'x'. What is the remainder when 23 is
divided by 2x?
•
36 25 (C) 61 11 (A) 2 (B) 5 (C) 3 (D) 4
(A) 25 (B) 36 11
(D) 61
A group of 20 participants entered a quiz
The adjacent sides of a rectangle are 5a 2 competition. Their scores are given in the
- 3b 2 and a2 + 2ab. What is its perimeter? table.
(A) 12a2 - 6b2 + 4ab Score 0 1 2 3 4
(B) - 12a2 + 6b 2 + 4ab Number of
•
(C) 12a2 + 6b2 - 4ab participants 3 5 7 4 1
(D) 12a7 - 6b7 - 4ab Calculate the percentage of the

If ABCD is a parallelogram, what is the participants who scored more than 2
difference of L A and L C ? points.
(A) 180° (B) 0° (C) 360° (D) 90° (A) 5% (B) 15% (C) 25% (D) 60%
Ill Model Test Paper

• Which of the points given is a point on

theY-axis?
(A) (5, 0)
(C) (3, 12)
(B) (6, 5)
(D)(O, 11)
Instead of walking along two adjacent
Alice types 150 words in 5 minutes. How
long wil l it take her to type 3500 words?
(A) 100 min
(C) 150 min
(B) 116.7 min
(D) 130 min
How many 1 em cubes can fill an empty
sides of a rectangular field, a boy took a cube of volume 1 m 3?
short cut along the diagonal and saved (A) 100 (B) 1000
a distance equal to half the longer side. (C) 1000000 (D) 10000
What is the ratio of the shorter side to
the longer side? The pie chart gives the expen-diture {in
percentage) on various items and
2
(A) -
1
2
(B) -
3
(C) 24 (D) ~
4
savings of a family during a month.
If the difference between S.l. and C. I. on a

certain sum of money for 3 years at 10%
p.a. is ~ 15.50, Find the sum.
(A) ~ 1000 (B) ~ 500
(C) ~ 1500 (D) ~ 2000
3
A recipe for French toast needs litres
4
2
of milk. If you want to make only 3 of
the recipe, how much milk should you On which item was, the expenditure the
use? maximum?
(A) ~l (B) ~l (C) ~l (D) ~l (A) Food

(C) Savings
(B) Clothes
(D) Transport
Find the size of each angle of a regular
hexagon. Find ~x 2 -l when x = 76 andy = 49.
(A) 125 (B) 27 (C) 15 (D) 25

If the perimeter of the figure given is
D 57 em, find the perimeter of the triangle
in the figure.
spcmllicm
E 2pcm
(A) 720° (B) 540°
(C) 120° (D) 60°
A cycle is sold for ~ 880 at a loss of 20%.
For how much should it be sold to gain 3pcm
10%?
(A) 30 em (B) 45 em
(A) ~ 1400 (B) ~ 1210
(C) 39 em (D) 3 em
(C) ~ 11 00 (D)~ 1000
Model Test Paper

Ill
In the following, what are the respective A producer blends two qualities of rice,
values of P. Q and R? one costing ~ 12.50 per kg and the other
costing ~ 14 per kg in the ratio 4: 5. Find
PQR his profit percent if he sells the mixture
at the rate of ~ 16 per kg.
xP
(A) 25% (B) 15% (C) 20% (D) 10%
2R90
If 3a + 2b + c = 22, b + c = 8 and c = 6, what
is the value of a + b + c?
(A) P = 7, Q = 7, R = 5
(B) P = 5, Q = 7, R = S (A) 12 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) 4
(C) P = 5, Q = 8, R = 7
(D) P = 8, Q = 5, R = 5
The measures of the angles of a
quadrilateral ABCD are respectively in
the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4. Which of the following
is true?
(A) AC = BC (B) ABII DC
(C) ADIIBC (D) AB =CD
Key
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
c B B c A B D c c c D D B D c B B c A c
21 22 23 24 25
B B B c A
II Model Test Paper

i ~'~ [ Explanatory Answers J

I 1. Rational Numbers I 6. (D )
1
4
1
' 3
8
- =0.25· - =0.33· - =0.53
' 15
~ Multiple Choice Questions 7 13
24 = 0.29; 48 = 0.27
1. (D) Every rational number is not a
fraction. In rational numbers, we 7 13 1 1
So - and - lie between - & -
use integers and in fractions, we ' 24 48 4 3.
use only natural numbers. 7. (B ) 8. (A ) 9. (B) 10. (B ) 11. (C)
2. (D) Expressing in standard form, we
(- 3) X
-8 -8 4 -4 12. (B) - - = - - ::::> x 2 = 81 ::::> x = 9
get 9 =g- and - 5 =5 X (- 27)
Express each rational number with 13. (C) The descending order is
L.C.M as denominator. 4 2 -1 -3 -6
L.C.M of9 and 5 is 9 x 5 = 45. 9'5'6'4'7·
- 8 - 8x5 - 40 -1
-=--=-
9 9x5 45 '
: . The middle number is 6 "
- 4 -4x9 - 36 14. (D ) Arranging the given rational
-=--=-
5 5x9 45 numbers in ascending order, we
Comparing the numerators, we - 7 - 6 -4 1 5 8
have- 40 < - 36. get 9' 9' 9' 9' 9' 9·
-40 -36 -8 -4 The two middle rational numbers
:. - < - = > - < - -4 1
45 45 9 5 are -and-
9 9.
3. (B) The H.C.F of 28 and 84 such that
the numerator is 4 is 7. Their average is
28 -4 1
-+-
So, simplify - by dividing its ..JL...J!. = -3 x.!. = -1.
84
numerator and denominator by 7, 2 9 2 6
-4 15. (B) 16. (B) 17. (A ) 18. (C) 19. (A)
to get 12 ·
1 -1 -1 -5 3 10
20. (A ) -+-+-+-+-+-
4. (C) Convert the given fractions into 12 3 6 7 4 7
equivalent fractions and compare.
- 25 - 1 - 3 - 5
-<-<-<-
=( 1~ -~-~+~ )+(170 -~j
28 2 7 14
= (1-4 -2+9 )+~ = .!.+~
5. (D ) ~7 = 0 .71 '. '!9... =0 .77 12 7 3 7
= 22 = 1_.!._
_2._ = 0.81 . 11 = 0.84 21 21
11 ' 13
21. (D) 22. (D) 23. (A ) 24. (B )
5 7 9 11 25. (B ) A rational number between any two
So -<-<-<-.
' 7 9 11 13 rational numbers is obtained by
Hence, both (B) and (C) are false. taking their average or mean.
Expl anatory An swers

Ill
:. A rational number between- 2 31. (A) Writing each rational number with
(-2)+(- 1) - 3 a positive denominator, we have
and-1 is = -
2 2 -4- -9
- a n d-2
- '
A rational number between - 2 and 5 ' 15 3
L .C.M of 5, 15 and 3 is 15.
-3
- is
(-2) +(-~)
2 --7
2 2 -4. -4 (-4)x 3 -12
. . -=---=-
5 5x3 15
And a rational number between
-2 (-2)x5 -10
~ =-5- ·
- = --- = -
3 3x 5 15
-- 3 and - 1 1·s
2
2 4 Since - 12 < - 10 < -9 , we have
-9 X - 1 )+(15 X -4 )_(27 X ~) - 12 - 10 - 9 -4 -2 -9
- <- < - => - < - < -
26. (C)
( 7 3 8 5 14 9 J J 15 15 15 5 3 15
-9 - 2 - 4
3 3 3 -3 => - > - > - .
15 3 5
7 2 7 2
4 -8 -13 17
32. (B) -+0 + - + - + -
5 7 9 7 21
27. (B) Product = 9
4 ) -8 -13 17
.
GIVen number = -35
- = ( 7+ 0 +9+7+ 21
24
:. The other number L.C.M of7, 9 and 21 = 7 x 3 x 3
=%+(-::) 4 -8 -13 17
= 63
t
=-
1
.-2(
1x8
X- - = - - = -
8
8 =-+-+-+-
7 9 7 21
j 3 ~-7 3x - 7 -21
=(± + -13)+ -8 + 17
28. (C) Area of the rectangle 7 7 9 21
5 2 725 2 - 9 -8 17
=45- cm = - em =- +- +-
16 16 7 9 21
- 9 x 9 + (-8)x 7 +17 x 3
1 25
One edge = 6- em = - em 63
4 4
- 81-56 + 51
725 25) 1 63
The other edge = ( - +- =7- em
16 4 4
- 137 +51 - 86
=-
63 63
(.! -
1 17
33. (C) The ascending order of given
6 - 18 = 17 )'!_ - ( 1 4 )
29. (B) 5 6 18 5 - - - 1 5 11
- 45 numbers is 9' 9' 9·
7
:. The required sum
30. (C) Does not exist since division by zero
11 1 12 4
is not defined. =- +-=-=-
9 9 9 3
II Explan atory Answers

34. (C) Simplify within brackets first and 10. (A) Let x be the required number.
)= -5
then simplify the resultant.
So, x+( -:
(%+ ~:}(-:} X
3 -25 +3 -22 2
=-5+- = - - - = - = -4-
5 5 5 5
I
36
= (~x
9 15
)x(~J)
-5
= ~x~
3 -5 12. linear Equations in one Variable
8 -8
=- = - ~ Multiple Choice Questions
-5 5
x-5 x- 3
35. (A) J2x..f8 =-hx8 =fl6 =4 is a 1. (C) _ 2_ _ _ 5_ =21
rational number. 722 is in the form =>
5x-25-2x + 6 1
=-
10 2
p
of q where p and q are integers ~ x=8
and q-:~: o. 2x+l 3
2. (A ) - - =-
3x - 1 2
22
Therefore J2 x ..J8 and - are ~ x=l
7
rational numbers. 3. (B) Let the required number be 'x'.
~ Previous Contest Questions 3x 3x
Then - - - = 150
' 4 14
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (B)
6. (D ) Let 'x' be the required number. => X = 150 X 28 = 280
15
5 15
Then, xx-=- 4. (D) Let the number be x.
4 16
15 5 15 4 3 2x x 3x = 338
=> X= - + - = - X - = -
16 4 16 5 4 3 4
7. (A) Let the number to be added be x. => X = .J676 = 26
According to the problem,
5. (D ) 3~x3~ = 12~
1 5 X 4 2
- +x =-
8 18 => (3x+l)x 15 = 25
5 1 11 X 4 2
~ x= - - - =-
18 8 72 ~ x=3
8. (D) Quantity of milk required for a p-3 p + l
3 6. (B) Given equation is p + 4 = p _ 2 ·
recipe= - l.
4 On cross multiplication, we get
(p- 3) (p- 2) = (p + 1) (p + 4)
The amount of milk required for 32
~ p 2 - 5p + 6 = p2 + 5p + 4
of recipe = (~x~)z
3 4
= .!:_ z
2
~ ;f - 5p + 6 - ;f - 5p -4 = 0
~ -lOp+ 2 = 0
-3 -1 3 5
' 9.
(C) Express 4'2 '8 and 6 with a -2 1
~P=-1o=5.
common denominator and compare
them. So, Qa dir's answer was correct.
Explan atory Answers

Ill
7. (B) Let the number be 'x'. We have, 15. (C) x + 8% of'x' = 135
75x
-+75 = x ~ 25x = 75 ~ 108x = 135
100 100 100
~X= 300 100
~ X = 135 X - = 125
8. (C) Let the maximum number of 108
marks be 'x'. 16. (A) 17. (A) 18. (D ) 19. (A) 20. (A)
40x 2x 10
Wehave - = 30 + 50 21. (A) -=-
' 100 5 3
=> X= 200
On cross multiplying, we get
6x = 50
9. (A) Let the three consecutive even
numbers be 2x - 2, 2x and 2x + 2. 50 25
: . x= - =-
We have, 6
3
22. (D ) 9 -7x = 5- 3x
(2x - 2) + 2x + (2x + 2) = 234
~ - 7x + 3x = 5 - 9
=> 6x = 234 => x = 39 ~- 4x =- 4
:. The least even number -4

= 2x- 2 = 2(39) - 2 = 76 ~x= - =1
-4
10. (A) Let the cost of the scooter be ~ 9x 23. (C) Let the two numbers be x and y.
and the cost of the cycle be ~ 5x. Then,x+y=35 (1)
X -y = 13 (2)
We have, 9x - 5x = 4200 x = 1050
Adding equations (1) and (2), we
Cost of the cycle= 5 x 1050 = ~ 5250 get 2x = 48 ~ x = 24
11. (B) Let the numbers be 2x and 7x. Subtracting equation (2) from (1),
2x+7x=351 ~ x=39 we get 2y = 22 ~ y = 11
Hence, the two numbers are 24 and
Product= 2x x 7x = 14 x (39)2
11.
= 21294
24. (B) 1.32 y + 0.02y = 1.19 + y
12. (D ) Let the speed of the boat in still
water be 'x' kmph. => 1.34y=1.19+y
The speed downstream = (x + 2) => 1.34- y = 1.19
kmph
=> 0.34 y = 1.19
'I'he speed upstream = (x- 2) kmph
1.19 119 7
We have, 4(x + 2) = 5(x- 2)
=> y = 0.34 = 34 = 2
=> 4x + 8 = 5x- 10
1
=> X = 10 + 8 kmph y=32
=> x = 18 kmph 25. (D) Let one of the numbers be 'x'.
13. (A) Let the number be 'x'.
Then the second number= 3x
2 2 By the given condition,
- X = X -20 => x - - x = 20
3 3 one number +15 =
=> X = 60 2(second number + 15)
14. (B) Let the number be 'x'. i.e., 3x + 15 = 2(x + 15) ~
According to the given problem, => x=-3
4x + 10 = 5x- 5 Hence, if one number is 15 the
~ X= 15 other number is 3 x 15 = 45. (or)

if one number is -3, the second

number is 3 x (-3) = -9. Hundreds Tens Units
f :. Of the given options 15 and 45 t 1 u

are the required numbers.
(A) Let the length of the garden be 'x' m. :. Its value is lOOt+ 10 + u.
26.
2 15
Then, breadth= 3 x m 34. (C) -x400 = 60
100
Perimeter = 2 (length + breadth) 60 +X X 100 = 32
400+ X
32 8
~ =-=-
2 400 +X lQQ 25
:. 2x+2( ; )=40
~ x= 100 ml
4x 35. (C) Let us consider an example.
=> 2x+- =40
3 Consider the two-digit number 25.
(Given : Perimeter is 40 m.) The number obtained on reversing
the digits is 52.
~ 6x + 4x = 120 ~ lOx = 120
Their difference= 52- 25 = 27
120
.. x=-=12 27 is divisible by 9 .
10
.. Length is 12 m and breadth is ~ Previous Contest Questions
2 -6p-9 2p+9
-x12=8m 1. (B) -3-=-5-
3
27. (B) Let the number of correct answers 0n cross multiplying, we get
be 'x'. Then the number of incorrect
5 ( - 6p - 9 ) = 3 (2p + 9)
answers is 24 - x.
The boy gets 3 marks for correct 72
~ p= - 36 =-2
answers and loses 2 marks for
wrong answers. ~ p=-2
:. Total marks 2. (D) According to the problem,
= 3x- 2 (24 - x) = 37 (Given)
8+ m = 4 - 3m
~ 3x-48+2x=37 5
~ 5x=37+48 5
~X = 17
~ m=-4
:. Thenumberofcorrectsumsis 17. 3. (A) Let the total marks be 'x'. According
29. (D ) 30. (A) 31. (C) 32. (D ) to the problem,
28. (B )
33. (B) The two digit number is as given in ~ X =80 ~ X =80 X~ = 96
the following box. 6 5
4. (A) Let the four consecutive odd
Tens Units numbers hex, x + 2, x + 4 and x + 6.
t u Their sum = 40
~ X + X + 2 + X + 4 + X + 6 = 40
If 1 is placed between the digits,
the three digit number formed is ~ x= 7
as shown.
Explanatory Answers
II
5. (D) Volume of the cuboid = 180 cm3

22-10 12
From the figure, volume is = - - = -=4
(p + 3) (9) (4)
3 3
~ 36 (p + 3) = 180 Hence a + b + c = 4 + 2 + 6 = 12
~ p+3=5 = ~ 5306.04
6. (C)
~ p=2
Let the numbers be 'x' and 'y'.
13. Understanding Quadrilaterals I
Then x + y = 10 and x = 6 + 2y. ~ Multiple Choice Questions
~ 6+ 2y+y= 10 1. (D ) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (A ) 5. (B)
~ 3y = 10-6 6. (D ) Since diagonals of a square are
equal and bisect at right angles,
4
~ y=3 triangle AOB is an isosceles right
angled triangle.
:. x=6+2(~)=6+~=~6 7. (A) Let one side of the parallelogram

be 'x' em. Then adjacent side is
Therefore, the required difference (x + 10) em.
:. Perimeter
= 26 _! = 22 = 7 ~ = x + (x + 10) + x + (x + 10) =180
3 3 3 3
(Given)
7. (B) According to the problem,
2p + 10 = 16 ~ 4x + 20 = 180
~ 2p=6 ~p =3 or x = 40 em
: . 2p - 10 = 2(3) - 10 = -4 x+ 10 = 50 em
8. (C) 5n - 4 = n - 1 8. (A) A quadrilateral in which the
diagonals are equal and
3 perpendicular is called a square.
~ 4n=3 ~n=-
4 9. (A) As shown in the figure, since P is
the midpoint of AB and AB = 2AD,
9. (A) Perimeter of the rectangle= 60 em
we have AB = 2AP = 2AD
From the figure, length is (3k - 2)
or AP=AD.
em and breadth is (k + 4) em
i.e., triangle ADP is an isosceles
:. 2((3k- 2) + (k + 4)] = 60 triangle . If LADP = X and 0
L APD = X0 , then L A = 180°- 2x 0 •

~ 2[4k + 2] = 60
Since L..B is adjacent to LA, in
~ 4k +2= 30 ABCD
~ 4k = 28 LB = 180°- (180°- 2x) = 2x.
k28 = 7
= In t.CBP , xo + x 0 + 2x0 = 180°
4 (Angle sum property)
10. (A) Given 3a + 2b + c = 22
b + c = 8 and c = 6
:. L CPD = 180° -2x0
Therefore, b = 8 - c = 8 - 6 = 2
= 180°-2x45°= 90°
22-c-2b
and a=
3

10. (C) We know that in a parallelogram 14. (D) Since the angle in a semicircle is a
opposite sides are equal. right angle, clearly
' :. AB = CD or 2x + 5 = y + 1 LA= LC = LB = L D = 90°.
and AD = BC or y + 5 = 3x - 4 The diagonals (diameters) are
2x - y = -4 ....(i) equal but they are not intersecting
(bisecting) at right angles. Hence,
y - 3x = -9 ..... (ii) it is not a square and can be only a
Adding (i) and (ii), we get rectangle.
-x = - 13 or x = 13 and y = 30. 15. (A) Let the angles be 3x and 2x.
Substituting, we have We have, 3x + 2x = 180°
AB = 31 em and BC = 35 em ~ 5x = 180°
:. The r equired r atio = 31 : 35 ~ X = 36°

:. The angles are 36° x 3 and
D E F C 36° x 2 = 108° and 72°.
11. CC)
16. (B) In the given figure,
\rL....-----....IV
A B
L ABF + LFBC = 180°
70° + LFBC = 180°
=> LFBC = 180° -70° = 110°
From definition, we know that in Now, LDEC + LCEF = 180°
an isosceles trapezium the non- L CEF = 180°- 60° = 120°
parallel sides are equal or AD =
BC in the figure. Drop Now, LFBC+LBCE+LCEF
perpendiculars AE and BF to CD. +LBFE = 360°
Triangles AED and BFC are
congruent by R.H.S congruency. 290° + X = 360° ::> X = 70°
Hence, LD = LC. 17. (B) OD is half of the diagonal BD.
OA is half of the diagonal AC .
12. (C)
Diagonals are equal.
So, their halves are also equal.
Therefore, 3x + 1 = 2x + 4
~ x=3.
18. (B) x = OB = OD (Diagonals bisect) = 5
Since LCAB = 25° LOCB = 65° .
y = OA = OC (Diagonals bisect) = 12
Let diagonals meet at 0. !J. OCB is
an isosceles triangle. z = side of the rhombus = 13
(All sides are equal).
. . LOBC = 65° => L BOC = 50°
19. (B) Cis opposite to A
13. (C) Let the angles be 3x, 7x , 6x and 4x. So, x = 100° (Opposi te angl es
: . 3x + 7x + 6x + 4x = 360° or property.)
20x = 360° or x = 18°. The angles y = 100° (Measure of angle
are 54°, 126°, 108° and 7ZO. We see corresponding to Lx .)
that adjacent angles are
supplementary but opposite angles z = 80° (Since L.y, Lz is a linear
are not equal. Clearly, it is a pair)
trapezium.
Explanatory Answers
II
20. (C) BDC = AED = 36° A
'
(Corresponding s,AE BD.)
ABD = BDC = 36"
(Alternate s,AB DC)
ADB = ABD = 36° B c
(Base angles of isoceles , since So, BC = 2PQ = PR
AB = DC) Hence, PRCB is a parallelogram.
BAD= 180°- ABD - ADB 2. (A) Let the three equal angles of the
(Angle sum of a triangle.) quadrilateral be x" each.
= 180° - 36° - 36° The sum of all angles is 360".
= 108° Given that fourth angle is 120°.
21. (D) The pentagon can be divided into :. x" + x" + x" + 120" = 360"
3 tliangles by joining the vertex A ~ 3x0 = 360° - 120° = 240°
to C and D (See the figure).
~ x =80°
Angle sum of 1 triangle = 180" (B)
3. Each of the three acute angles is
Angle sum of 3 triangles 75°.
=3 X 180° = 540° Let the fourth angle be x0 •
Sum of the four equal angles Then 3 x 75° + x" = 360° (Sum of
= 540° - 120° = 420° angles of a quadrilateral.)
Each equal angle ~ 225° + X
0
= 360"
= 420° + 4 = 105° ~ X
0
= 360° - 225°
22. (B) Let the polygon have 'n' sides. ~ x" = 135°
Sum of the interior angles
4. (A) LSTP =180° - 85° =95°
= (n - 2) x 180"
Sum of all interior angles of 'n'
:. n x 150° = (n - 2) x 180° sided polygon
~ 150n = 180n - 360" = (n - 2) x 180°
~ n = 12 = (5 - 2) X 180° = 3 X 180° = 540°
~ X+ 90° + 125° + 130° + 95° = 540°
23. (A) 24. (C) 25. (B) 26. (C) 27. (D)
~ X+ 440°= 540°
28. (A) Five independent measurements
determine a quadrilateral ~X= 540° - 440° = 100°
uniquely.
5. (C) Since M.BC is equilateral,
29. (B) 30. (B) 31. (A) 32. (C)
LCBA = 60".
33. (B) 34. (B) 35. (A)
BE is the diagonal of square ABDE
~ Previous Contest Questions
90°
1. (D) Since P and Q are mid points of AB ~ LABE= - =45°
2
1 Therefore, the angle marked x in
and AC, PQ = 2 BC and PQ IIBC.
'
the figure is 360° - (60• + 45•)
= 360° - 105° = 255°
6. (D) 7. (C) 8. (C) 9. (C)
II Explanatory Answers
I 4. Data Handling I Therefore, each sector has a central

angle of 30•. Angle of sector
Multiple Choice Questions representing Dell laptops sold
~
40
1. (D) 'x' is the number of families with =- X360° = 120° = 4 X30°
less than 3 children, i.e., the 120
number of families with no In the pie chart LROV = 4 x 30°
children,(= 0 children), 1 child and So, LROV gives the angle of the
2 children. sector representing the number of
:. X =2 + 5 + 11 =18 Dell laptops sold.
2. (B ) No. of families which have more 18. (A) Enrolment of Class VIII = 1 + 5 +
than 2 children = 6 + 2 = 8 10 + 9 + 7 + 5 + 3 = 40
Total number of families 19. (B ) The maximum number of pupils
=1+4+7+6+ 2=20 have families with 4 members.
:. The required percentage Hence, n =4.
8
20. (C) Number of pupils with 5-member
= x 100 % = 40% families= 9
20
Total number of people in 5-
3. (B ) 4. (C) 5. (C ) 6. (D) 7. (C)
member families= 9 x 5 = 45
8. (C) The difference between the highest 21. (D) 22. (A ) 23. (B) 24. (D ) 25. (C)
number and the lowest number of
cell phones sold = 15 = (8 - 3) units 26. (B ) Flats with fewer than 4 occupants
= 5 units are those with 1, 2 or 3 occupants.
:. 1 unit= 3 cell phones. Number of flats with fewer than 4
occupants = 2 + 5 + 8 = 15
.. No. of cell phones sold on
Thursday = 6 x 3 = 18 Total number of flats = 2 + 5 + 8 +
14 + 12 + 9 + 4 = 54
9. (D) The outcomes of an event with
the same probability of occur- Percentage of flats with fewer than
rence are called equally likely 4 occupants
outcomes. 15
=-x 100 %
10. (A ) No. ofT.V sets sold in May= 50 54
Total number of T.V. sets sold = 27.8% (3 significant figures)
= 40 + 20 + 60 + 30 + 50 = 200 27. (B ) Total number of students = 45 +
60 + 80 + 15 = 200
:. The required percentage
Angle of sector for grade A
50
= x100% = 25% Number of students
_ _ __ grade
with_::::._ A X 360°
__
200 _ _ __
Total number of students
11. (D) 12. (B ) 13. (B ) 14. (C) 15. (B )
+ 90° + 2x + 60° = 360° 45
16. (D) X
0 0
=-x360° =81°
200
=> X= 70°
28. (A) 29. (B) 30. (C) 31. (D) 32.(A)
R = 2x = 140°0

60° ~ 18 participants
1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (D ) 4. (C) 5. (B)
140° ~ ?
6. (A) From the given bar chart, it is clear
140°X 18 that each square represents 2
=> = 42 participants
60° units since the 6 computers sold in
17. (B) The semicircular region is divided 1998 is represented by a bar
into 6 equal parts (sectors). extending 3 squares.
Explanatory Answers
II
So, the length (or height) of the bar 16. (A) By checking the given options only
18 (A ) has a number that satisfies the
for the year 1gg5 must be 2" = g given conditions as 1681 = 41 2 • '
squares. 17. (C) Let 'x'betherequirednumber.Then

But the bar is drawn to a height of x 2 - x = 12
7 squares. ~ x(,x -1) = 12
7. (B) No. of students who secured less By inspection, we have
than 20 marks = 6 + 12 = 18.
4(4 -1) = 12
18 students failed in the test.
~ 4 X 3 = 12
8. (A) No. of students who secured marks
~ x= 4
between 30 and 50 = 24 + 18 = 42.
g_ (B) go - 180 18. (A ) 172 - 132 = 28g - 16g = 120
? -400 120 + 1 = 121 = 11 2

:. The required number is 1.
f*
goo
=> 400 X - = 200°
180 1g. (D) =* = :g
Angle of sector showing oranges
~x=28
= 200°
20. (A ) Length of each side of the square
:. goo+ 200° + X
0
= 360°
field
=> X =360°- 290° =70°
= ~80 244 = ~58564
10. (A ) 11. (A ) 12. (B) 13. (D) 14. (B) ng 72g
I 5. Squares and Square roots I =-

242
27
= 8.96m
IEF Multiple Choice Questions 21. (D) J?f = 64 = 26 => 2i = 2s

1. (A ) 2. (D) 3. (B ) 4. (C) 5. (B ) 6. (A )
n
So, 2 =6 or n = 12.
7. (A ) ~ =P96=14
v.1T169 169 13 (36.1 {361 19
1 1
=1 - =1+ - =>x=1
22 • (C) Vl02.4 = Vi024 = 32
13 13
X
8. (C ) We have, (n + 1)2 - n 2 = (n + 1) + n. 23. (A ) Given ~ = 550.
So, (501)2 - (500)2 = 501 + 500 v2.25
= 1001
X
g_ (A ) General form of Pythagorean Then -=550.
' 1.5
triplet is (2m, m2 - 1, m2 + 1).
Let m = 3. :. x = 550x1.5 = ( 550x15) = 825
Then 2m = 6, m2 -1 = 3 2 - 1 = 8 and 10
m2 + 1 = 32 + 1 = 10.
.. (6, 8, 10) is a Pythagorean
triplet.
24. (c )
va~ = .j8
.J3
X .j3 = .j24 = 4.899 = 1.633
.J3 3 3
10. (D) The given expression is the sum of

25. (A )
J4 ../3 2 ../3
13 odd numbers. ../3 - ../4=../3 - 2
So, the required value is 13 2 = 16g. 4-3 1
11. (B) 12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (D) 15. (B) = 2../3 = 2../3

26. (B) Given expression 7. (B ) </343 X <I-64 = </343 X -64

~~ = -<f7x7 x 7 x4 x4 x4
.J0.01 .J0.0100 =-7 X 4 =-28
8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (C) 11. (B) 12. (D)
=~ = .J~o = 1~ =0.3 3
13. (A) </0.001728 = ~(0. 12) = 0.12
27. (B) .J2401 = JT ~ 7x = 2401 ~X= 4
28. (D) 29. (C) 30. (C) 31. (D) 32. (B) 14. (B) </- 2744 .;. </0.008 = (-14)70.2
=-70
33. (C)
15. (A) 21952 = 23 X 23 X 73
.. </21952 =~23 xz3x73
0.289 = 0.28900 = )28900
1. (C) = 2 X 2 X 7 = 28
0.00121 0.00121 121
:. The required units digit is 8 .
.J28900 170
16. (D) According to the problem if'x' is the
.J121 11
number. then 'ifX + 25 is 5
2. (A) 75.24+x = 8.71x8.71
~ 'ifX = 125 ~ X = 1253
~X =0.6241
17. (A) 864 X 2 = 1728 = 123 which is a
-
1
=-
1 .J3 .J3
X- = - perfect cube. Hence, the s mallest
3. (C)
.j3.j3.j33 possible value of 'n' is 2.
732 18. (B) 126 ends in 6. So its cube also ends
= 1. = 0.577 in 6.
3
19. (D) 20. (A) 21. (D ) 22. (C) 23. (A)
4. (A ) 5. (D) 6. (D) 7. (C)
16. Cubes and Cube roots I 24. (D) 3

343x125 = 73 x5 3
0.064
3
(OAt
~ Multiple Choice Que stions 5
"2
1. (C) 72 = 2x2x2x3x3 = 7x5 = 7x5x><) = 175 = 87.5
IfK = 3, 0.4 2
72 K = 72x 3 = 216 = 6 3 is a 25. (A) Volume of the metallic cuboid
perfect cube. = 16X 8X 4 cm3 = 512 cm3
2. (A) a = 6 as 63 = 33 + 43 + 53 :. The edge of the cube = </512
3. (C) 1331 = 113, 216 = 63 and 512 = 83. =8cm.
But, 243 is not a perfect cube. 26. (C) Edge of the cube = 15 em
4. (B) 2560 = 2x 2x 2x 4x 4x 4x 5 ~ Its volume = 153 ems
Clearly, on multiplication by = 3375 cm3
5 x 5 = 25, it becomes a perfect 27. (B) Volume of the liquid in the jar
cube. = 200 ems.
5. (A) 8788 = 4 X 13 X 13 X 13 Side of the immersed cube = 7 em
On division by 4 i t becomes a ~ Its volume= 7a cma = 343 cma
perfect cube.
Therefore , t he reading on t he
measuring jar is 200 + 343 ems
6. = 543 cm3
Explanatory Answers
II
28. (D) Volume of the material used 8. (A) Population after 3 years
= volume of the cube = 4913 cm3
= P(1+~)(1+~)(1 +-r )
: . The length of its edge 100 100 100 J
= ~4913 = 17 em
29. (B ) 30. (A) 31. (B ) 32. (C) 33. (B )
= 25000 x(1 + _!_)x(1 +-~-Jx(1 +~)
~ Previous Contest Questions 100 100) 100
1. (B ) ~0.125 +3=0.5 +3=3 .5 26 21 27

= 25000 X X X = 29484
25 20 25
2. (D) 4-3% = 4-:7 = ~-;3 = -:
9. (B ) A= P(1-...B:_)n
100
3. (B ) ~ 2
~ ~ 9680 = p ( 1--12 )
(- 2)x(- 2) x( - 2) x2 x2 x2 xJ 100
=3
3x3x3xJ 25 25
~ P = ~ 9680x-x-
-2x2 -4 22 22
=--=- = ~ 12500
3 3
10. (D) Value of the vehicle after 3 years
4. (C) ~2 16 = 2x3 = 6
3
5. (A) ~5 12x ~3.375 = 8xl.5 =12 = ~ 175000x 1 -20-)

( 100
6. (D) ~ =-6
4 4 4
=>X=(- 6)3 = (- 6) X (- 6) X (- 6)
= ~ 175000 X - X - X -
5 5 5
=- 216
= ~ 89600
7. (D) Volume of cube = 9 x 9 x 9m3
=729m3 : . Total depreciation
17. Comparing Quantities I

= ~ (175000- 89600)
= ~ 85400
~ Multiple Choice Questions 11. (C) 12. (B) 13. (D) 14. (C) 15. (A)
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (D) 4. (D) 5.
3
(D)
16. (C) A= P(1 +~)(1
100
+~)
100
6. (C) A= ~ 25000 ( 1+ 20 )
200 16
A=~ 12500x(1+~)x(1+
100 100
)
3
= ~ 25000 X 11) = ~ 33275 115 116
( 10 = ~ 12500 X X
100 100
7. (B) ~ 1331= ~ 1000 ( 1+100

10 Jn = ~ 16675
S.P.- C.P. "'
0
17. (A) Profit % = C.P. x 100 'lo
=> 1331 =(11)
1000 10 = 17.28 - 16.20 x 100% = 6 ~ %
3 0
16.20 3
=> ( 11) = (11) ~ n = 3 years
10 10
18. (B) A woman bought 3 toffees at 25 (@" Previous Contest Questions

paise each. So she spent 75 paise
and 3 for 65 paise, then totally for 1. (C) P = ~ 15000; R = 10% p.a = 5% per
6 toffees she spent ~ 1.40 or for a half-year; T = 1 year = 2 half-years.
dozen she spent ~ 2.80 and sold
1~0 JJ
the dozen at ~ 3.50.
:. Amount = [ 15000 x(1 +
0 70
:. Gain%= · x 100 % = 25%
2.80 21 21
19. (A) The cost of sugar per kilogram
-- ~ (15000 X20 X20 )
= ~ 16537.50
= ~ 7560.90 = ~ 13.95
542 1000 x 10x4)
2. (D) S.I. = ~ ( = ~ 400
S.P. = C.P.(1 +gain%) 100
~ [ lOOox(1 + 110°0 J-1000]

S.P. at 20% profit
= ~ 13.95x 1.2 = ~ 16.74 c .I. =
20. (C) 21. (B) 22. (B) 23. (A) 24. (B)
= ~ 464.10
25. (A) Suppose S.P. = ~ 100 :. Difference= ~ (464.10- 400)
Profit=~ 20 = ~ 64.10
C.P. = ~ (100- 20) = ~ 80 3. (B) Let the t ime be 'n' years. Then,
Profit % = profit x 100% 5 )2n
800x 1+ - = 926.10
C.P. ( 100
20 2 3
= -x100% = 25% 21) " =(21)
80 ::::} ( 20 20
26. (D) 27. (C) 28. (C) 29. (C)
3
30. (B) C.P. = 90% of 80% of~ 1400 ::::} 2n = 3::::} n =-
2
= ~ ( 90 x 80 x1400 ) = ~ 1008 1
100 100 :. n =12 years
37 40
31. (B) S.P. ofeacharticle =~ ( ; )
4. (C) Let the labelled price of the radio
be~ x.
=~ 18.70 88 % of80% ofx = ~ 704
Let M.P. be ~ x.
704 X100 X100 )
Then, 85% of x = ~ 18.70 ::::} X =( 80 X88 = ~ lOOO
18.70x100) 5. (C) Given M.P. = ~ 880

::::} X = ~
( = ~ 22
85
S.P. = ~ 770
32. (A ) Let the list price be ~ z. Discount = M.P - S.P
:. (100- x) % of z = y
-x)
= ~ (880 - 770)
100 - xz = y
::::} - = ~ 110
( 100
100 y ) Discount% = Discount x 100%

::::} z = ( 100 - x M.P.
33. (A) 34. (B) 35. (A) 36. (A) 37. (C) 110
=- X100% = 12.5%
880

II
6. (A) Let the C.P. be ~ 100 ~ S.P is

~ 108. Let the M.P. of the
goods be~ x.
Since discount of 10% is allowed
on M.P. and sold at 8% gain, 2 1 2 1
::::> X + 2 - 2 = 25 ::::> X +2 = 27
90% of x = ~ 108 X X
100 2 3
=> x =108x- = ~ 120 19. (B) Given p = - and q = -
90 3 4
The goods must be marked at
20% above the C.P. 81p2 + 16q2 -72pq
I 8. Algebraic Expressions and Identities I =81(~J +16(~J -n(~j(~)

~ Multiple Choice Questions
4 9 72
1. (B ) The highest power of the variables = 81x - + 16x- - -
is 3 + 1 = 4. 9 16 2
= 36 + 9-36 = 9
2. (A ) 3x3 + x 2 +Ox +6
20. (C) (4x - 3y) (16x 2 + 12xy + 9y 2)
+x3 +0x2 +3x -8
+ = (4x)(16x2 + 12xy +9y 2)
+(-3y) (16x 2 +12xy +9y 2)

3. (D ) x -3x +5x-1
3 2
+2x 3 +x2 -4x+2

+
-48x2y - 36xy 2 - 27y3
4. (C) 5. (A ) 6. (B ) 7. (D) = 64x 3 -27y3
8. (C) x 3 -x 2 +3x-2 21. (D ) 962 = (100 - 4) 2
(-) x 2 +5x -6
x 3 - 2x 2 - 2x + 4
= 1002 - 2(100)(4) +(4) 2 = 9216
22. (A) 24.7x25.3 = (25-0.3) (25+0.3)
9. (A ) x4 +0+2x 2 -3x+7
= 25 2 -(0.3)2
(-) x 3 +x2 +x-1
x -x +x2 -4x +8
4 3 = 625- 0.09 = 624.91
23. (C) p2 + q2 = (p + q)2- 2pq
10. (D)
11. (B ) (3x - 4) (5x + 7) = 15x2 - ax - 28 =52 - 2(6) = 25 -12 = 13
=> 15x2 + x - 28 = 15x2- ax - 28 24. (B ) Area of bigger square = 983 2sq. em
Comparing the coefficients of like Area of smaller square = 172 sq.cm
terms, we get a = -1.
The difference of their areas
12. (C) xa -6x2y -xy2 -ya
= 9832 - 172 sq.cm
(-) xa + 5x2y -xy2- ya
-llx2 y = (983 +17) (983 -17)sq. em
= 966000 s q. em
13. (B) 14. (A) 15. (D) 16. (B) 17. (A)
25. (C) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (A) 29. (C)
Ill Explan atory Answers

: . Amount with Mohan = ~ 5

30. (C) At x = 1 (3 + ~x9-15 + 25)
' X
2
X X J Amount with Naveen = ~ 20
:. Total amount= ~ 25
= (3 + ~) (9 - 15 + 25)
1 1 1 J 8. (B ) Age of Sudhir aft er 3 years is 'x'
= (3 + 5) (9 - 15 + 25) years.
~His present age= (x - 3) years.
= 8x19 = 152
Therefore, Sudhir's age 5 years ago
31. (B) V = n{R2 -r2 )h = (x - 3 - 5) years
= (x - 8) years
= ;
2
w -5 3~) 2
) ( 9. (D ) 10. (D)
2
= : (64 -25) (~)
19. Visualising Solid Shapes I
22 7
=-x39x- 1. (A ) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (A ) 5. (B )
7 2
6. (A ) 7. (D ) 8. (D ) 9. (C) 10. (B )
= llx39 = 429 11. (C) 12. (A) 13. (B ) 14. (A) 15. (C)
32. (B ) When 1t = 3.142, r = 10, h = 3 and 16. (B ) 17. (C) 18. (B ) 19. (B ) 20. (D)
l = 4,
21. (B ) 22. (B ) 23. (D ) 24. (A) 25. (A)
A = 3.142(10) (10 + 2 X 3 + 4)
26. (C) 27. (C) 28. (A) 29. (C) 30. (B)
= 31.42(20) = 628.4
33. (D) 34. (D ) 35. (B ) 31. (A) 32. (C) 33. (D) 34. (A)
~ Previous Contest Questions ~ Previous Contest Questions

1. (D ) 2. (C) 3. (A)4. (B ) 5. (B) 1. (B ) All the sides of a cube have equal
6. (B ) Multiplying both sides by 15, (i.e.,)
meas ure but the sides of a cuboid
L.C.M of 5 and 3, we get have different meas ures .
3 ( 17- 3x)- 5 (4x + 2) 2. (C) A cuboid has the maximum
number of vertices.
= 15(5- 6x)+ 5(7x + 14) 3. (D ) 3c~
51-9x-20x-10
~
3 em L___1_____1)
= 75- 90x + 35x + 70
3cm
~ 41- 29x = 145- 55x
Two cubes of dimensions
~ - 29x +55x = 145 - 4 1
3 em x 3 em are placed side by side
104 resulting in a cuboid of dimensions
~ 26x = 104 ~ x = 26
6 em x 3 em x 3 em.
4. (A) The vertical cut of a brick of the
~x=4 giv en dimensions res ul t s in a
7. (D) According to the problem, Mohan cuboid.
has~ P. 5. (A) A sphere has no vertices and no flat
Naveen has ~ 4P surfaces.
Also amount Naveen has 6. (A) The number of edges of a cube is
= ~ (P + 15) 12. So, their total length is
: . 4P = P + 15 12 x 2 em = 24 em.
7. (D ) 8. (A ) 9. (C) 10. (B) 11. (A )
~ 3P = 15 ~ P=5
Explanatory Answers
Ill
110. Mensuration I .. Height= 2 area= 2x30J7

base 16 'll'
~ Multiple Choice Questions 15J7 '1l
= - - em
4
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5.
(B) 13. (A) 14. (B) 15. (C) 16. (A) 17. (D)
6. (B) Consider the isosceles triangle as 18. (C)
shown in the figure. Drop a
perpendicular AD to base BC.
A
xo 2
Area of sector OAB = - - xnr
360°
60° 22 2
B D c = --x-x21x21 em
360° 7
= 231 cm2
It bisects the base. :. BD = 2
X
.J32
Now, by Pythagoras' theorem, we Area of ~OAB =4r
have AD 2= AB 2- BD2
= .J3 x21x21 cm 2
4
= 190.73 cm 2
: . Area of shaded region =Area of
sector OAB - Area of ~ OAB
= (231- 190.73) cm2
Area of triangle = 40.27 cm2
= .!. x base x height 19. (B) 20. (A ) 21. (B) 22. (A )
2
23. (D) Lateral surface area of a cylinder
= 2nrh = 704 cm2
704 704
:. r = - = =14cm
22
2nh 2 X-X
8
7. (B) 8. (A ) 9. (A ) 10. (C) 11. (B)
7
12. (C) By Heron's formula, we have area 24. (A) Clearly, area ofunshaded region
of triangle = Area of circle - Area of square
RSTV
= Js(s-a)(s- b)(s-c).
But, diameter of circle
Here, = diagonal of square
s = 11 + 15 + 16 = 42 = 21 em 1
2 2 or 2r = .J2 l or r = .J2 or l = r.J2
.. Area = J21{10)(6)(5) Area of unshaded region

= n r2_z2= 1t r2 - (r .J2 )2
= 30J7 sq. em
= nr- 2r2= r 2
( n-2) sq. units

25. (D) 26. (D) 27. (D)

77 2
=-=12.8cm
'
28. (B ) Volume of water needed to fill the 6
tank to a height of 4 em
So, area of shaded region
= (8 x 6 x 4) cm3 = 192 cm3
Volume of the stone = 36 cm3 = 115.5-12.8 = 102.7 cm 2
:. Volume of water needed 3. (B) 4. (D ) 5. (B ) 6. (A ) 7. (C)
= 192- 36 = 156 ems 8. (D) Let the original edge of the cube be
29. (A) 30. (C) 31. (B) 'a' units.
32. (A) Volume of a cuboid Surface area = 6a2 sq. units
= l x b x h cu. units Increase in edge = 25%
=> 216 = 8x6xh 125 5a
New edge = - a = - units
100 4
216
=> h = - - = 4.5 m New surface area
8x6
33. (B) Volume = Area of square base x - 6x(54a )2 -- 758a2 Increase in
Height
So, 384 = Area x h surface area
=> Area of the base
384 2
=-=64cm
6 Percentage increase in surface
~ Length of the side of the square area
base = 8 em.
27a 2 1
= ( -8-x 6a2 x100 )'o=56.25%
let
1. (C) Total area of the given figure = Area
of parallelogram ABCD + Area of
9. (A ) 10. (C) 11. (A ) 12. (D)
rectangle CDEF
= {5x3)+{5x2)=25cm 2
111. Exponents and Powers I
2. (B) Area of sector OBCO ~ Multiple Choice Questions
30° 1. (B) Since a• = 1 for any 'a',
=--xnx21x21
360° W-4°)x 5-a = {1-1) x5" = 0 3
22 7
= - x - x21
7 4 2. (C)
231 2
=- =115.5cm
2
Area of sector OADO ~ 3x -5 =-2x
30° [When bases are equal, powers can be
=--xnx7x7 equated.]
360°
1 22 ~5x = 5
= - x - x7x7
12 7 ~ x=1

Ill
Since
am =am-n]
[bn
[Since (a m)n =a= .) 20. (A)

-2 ~ 1
5. (D) (512)9 = (29 ) 9 = 2-2 = 4 38 = 32x4 = (32t = 94
Since the powers of 84 and 9 4 are

the the same, 94 is greater than
..2 1 84 => 38 > 212.
(32)5 - 4 - 25
6. (B )
(125 )=l - 215 - 4 21. (B ) The given expression
X30 + 3b. X3b + 3C. X3C + 30
7. (B ) 8. (B ) 9. (C ) 10. (A ) 11. (D ) x6a • 6b + 6e
12. (C) 3W, x 7~x5ifl8
= (3x7x5) x (~2x6x18)
= 105x~2 16
= 105 x 6 = 630 22. (C)
13. (A ) 14. (A ) 15. (C ) 16. (A ) 17. (B )
1 1
---- + ---- 1 23. (A )
18. (C) 1 +1- 1+xm (Since a-m= -a" .)
xm
1 1
=---+--
xm +1 1+xm
xm 1 => 3x + 3 = 2x + 6
=--+--
xm+1 xm+1 => 3x- 2x = 6 -3 => x =3
3".(22r2 . (52rl
19. (B ) (32r -1.2• • 1.5• - 2 => 2x+6 = y
:. 2(3) + 6 = y
3".22• - 4.520 +2
32"- 2.2" +1.5" - 2 ~ y = 12
24. (B) 25. (B) 26. (A) 27. (B)
[Since (am)n = amn.J
Ill Explanatory Answers

28. (A) The standard form of the given 9. (C) 10. (D ) 11. (A ) 12. (D )
number is 6.02 x 10 15 • [Standard
'
13. (A) 14. (D ) 15. (B )
form of a number N is m x 10"
where 'm' is a decimal between 1 16. (A ) Let the required weight be x kg.
and 9.)
The length and weight are in direct
29. (B) The usual form of the given number proportion.
is 1000100000.
: . 11.25: 6:: 42.75: X
30. (D) The standard form of the size of a
plant cell which is 0.00001275 m => 11.25xx = 6x42.75
is 1.275 x lQ-5 m. ::>X= 6x42.75 ::>X= 22 .8
31. (B) 32. (C) 33. (A ) 34. (B ) 11.25
~ Previous Contest Questions 17. (D) 18. (B ) 19. (D ) 20. (B )
na
-2 21. (D ) Originally, let there be x men.
1. (A ) ( 2-1~ )T = [ ( ~1 Less men ~ more days.
=( ~1 rT = ( ~1 r :. (x - 10): x :: 100: 110
=> (x -10)x110 = xxlOO
=> lOx = 1100 => x = 110

1 = - 1- =36
(-1/6)2 (1/36) 22. (B ) Let the remaining food last for x
days.
2. (A ) 3. (B ) 4. (B) 5. (B) 6. (C)
95 men had provisions for 195
7. (B ) 8. (D) 9. (A ) 10. (D) 11. (C)
days. 65 men had provisions for x
112. Direct and Inverse Proportion I days.
Less men ~ more days.
: . 65 : 95 ::195: X
1. (A) Clearly,
=> (65xx) = (95x195)
X 4 6 8 10 12 1
-=-=-=-=-=-=-
y 8 12 16 20 24 2
=> x = 95x195 = 285
: . x and y are directly proportional 65
X
as - is a constant. 23. (A )
y
24. (A) Let the required cost be x paise.
2. (B ) 3. (C) 4. (B ) 5. (A ) 6. (D) 7. (B )
Cost and weight are in direct
8. (D) Speed of the car = 60 kmlh. proportion.
Time taken = 3 h
:. 250 : 200 : : 60 : X
Speed is increased to 90 km/h.
=> 250xx = 200x60
Time taken is inversely propor-
tional to speed. 200x60
=* x = 250
= 48 paise
Let the time taken to cover the dis-
tance travelling at 90 kmlh be x h. 25. (C) 26. (D ) 28. (D )
60
Then, x = -x3 = 2 hours.
90
Explanatory Answers
II
Jl
29.
BMA'sTalent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book
(A ) The number of pages typed is

directly the proportional to the ~X- ---

- 210x5 - 350 km
number of hours. 3
37. (D) 38. (C) 39. (B)
3 : 10:: 5 :X
I L.........J I 40. (A) A car takes one hour to cover a
certain distance at 60 km/h.
10 x5 50
~X= -- =-= 16.66
3 3 ~ Distance covered = 60 km
"' 16.7 minutes Let the requir ed time be x h.
30. (B) The job needs to be completed 2 Speed of the car and the time taken
days in advance, i.e., in 8 - 2 = 6 to travel a distance are inversely
days. proportional.
The number of men and the number :. 60 : 80 : : X : 1
of days are inversely proportional.
:. 6 : X :: 6:8 60 3
~ x = - = - hour
80 4
6 x8
~ x = - - =8 = 45 minutes
6
:. 8 workers are needed to complete l@f Previous Contest Qu estions
the job in 6 days. 1. (A ) The less the number of students,
31. (C) The number of weeks the food lasts the more the number of days the
is inversely proportional to the food lasts.
number of families.
Students Days
: . 25 : 30 :X: 1
45 60
25x1 5 60 x 45
~ x= 3 0 =6 ofaweek. 1
60x 45
32. (B) The number of people and the
27 =100
27
amount of work done by them are
inversely proportional. 2. (A ) The less the number of days the
more the number of hours.
:. 5: 3 =X: 5
Days Hours
5 x5 1
~ x= - - =8- hours 5 8
3 3
1 5x8
33. (A)
5x8
34. (D) The number of books and their cost 4 = 10
are directly proportional. 4
:. 9 : 5 : : 36 : X 3. (C) The more the radius, the less the
number of rounds.
5x36
~ x= - - =20
9 Radius(cm) Rounds
: . Cost of 5 books = ~ 20 20 260

1 260 X 20
35. (B)
36. (A) The distance travelled is directly 26 260 X 20
= 200
proportional to the time taken. 26
.". 210 : X : : 3 : 5
4. (B) There is a meal for 200 children. :. 4 :6:: X : 2

150 children have taken the meal.
Remaining meal is to be catered to 4x2 1
=> x = - - = 1- months
50 children. To find the number of 6 3
men the remaining food is catered
:. The 8 bags of cattle feed last
to, we must find the number of men
equal to 50 children. 1
13 months to feed 6 cows.
113. Factorisation I
Children Men
200 120
120
1 -- ~ Multiple Choice Questions
200
1. (C) 2. (B ) 3. (A )
120
so xso = 30
4. (D) Let the other factor be x 2 + ax + b.
200
We have
5. (B) The more the number of cogs the
less the number of revolutions. (x2 + 2x + 5) (r + ax + b)
= x4 +pr + q
Cogs Revolutions
x4 + (2 + a)x3 + (2a + b + 5)x2 +
6 21
(5a + 2b)x + 5b = x4 + px 2 + q
1 6x 21 Comparing the coefficients of
6x 21 corresponding terms, we get
14 - - =9
14 2a+b+5=p ...... (1)
6. (C) 7. (B ) 5b = q ...... (2)
8. (D) Let the number of women needed 2 +a =0 ~ a = -2

to clear the land in 1 day be 'x'.
5a + 2b = 0 ~ b=5
Number of women and number of
days are inversely proportional. p = 2a + b + 5 = 2(-2) + 5 + 5
=6
:. 5: X:: 1:4
q = 5b = 5(5) = 25
~ X =4 X 5 = 20
5. (B )
:. Number of more women required
6. (D) (x - 5)2 = x 2 - lOx + 25
= 20-5 = 15. using (a- b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2.
9. (A ) Let the required speed be 'x' kmlh. So, Pankaj's answer is correct.
Speed is inversely proportional to 7. (A)
the time taken. 8. (A) (a - 4) (a - 2) = a 2 - 4a - 2a + 8
: . 24 : 18 : : X : 15 = a2 - 6a + 8
So, the statement in option (A) is
=> x = 24x15 = 20
18 correct.
9. (C) x4 + y4 + x2y2
: . Satish must go at a speed of
20 km/h to reach his school in = (x4 + y4 + 2x2y2) _ x2y2
18 minutes. = (x2 + y2)2 _ (xy)2
' 10. (B) Let the number of months be 'x'. = (x2 + y2 + xy) (x2 + y2 -xy)
Number of cows and number of
months the cattle feed last are
inversely proportional.
Explanatory Answers
Ill
10. (B) 15x 2- 26x + 8 38. (C) Area of a square is side x side.
'
= 15x2 - 20x - 6x + 8 x 2 + 8x + 16 = (x2) + 2(x) (4) + (4)2
= 5x(3x - 4 ) - 2(3x - 4 ) = (x + 4)2
= (3x - 4) (5x - 2) = (x + 4 ) (x + 4 )
11. (A ) 12. (C) 13. (B) 14. (A ) 15. (C) :. The length of the side of a square
is (x + 4) em.
16. (B) n(3n + 2) = 3n2 + 2n
39. (B) 27x2 - 48 = 3[9x2 -16)
17. (C) (x2 +3x +5 )(x2 -3x +5) = 3 [(3x)2 - (4) 2)
= (x2 + 5 + 3x) (x2 + 5 - 3x) = 3(3x + 4) (3x - 4)
= (xz + 5)2 - (3x)2 = m2- n2 40. (C) 200 y 2- 2 = 2(100y2 - 1)
:. m =x + 52
= 2 [(10y) 2- 12 )
18. (C) 19. (B) 20. (C) 21. (A ) 22.(B) = 2 [(lOy + 1) (lOy- 1))
23. (B) 24. (A ) 25. (B) 26. (B) ~ Previous Contest Questions
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (B ) 4. (A )
27. (C)
5. (A )
aa-l
2
~+ -- x-l=x2 (aa 2
+ - - - x-1 1)
a
28. (B ) We have
(4p5 -14p 4 +6p 3 -2p 2) +2p 2
=x 2 + ax - ~ - 1
a
4p 5 14p4 6p 3 2p 2
=----+---
2p2 2p2 2p2 2p2 =(x
2
-; )+ (ax -1)
= x( x-; )+a( x-;j

29. (D)
3xz- 4yz- 6xp + 8yp
30. (D) '-------v------ '-v------' =(x-; }x+a)
= z (3x -4y)- 2p(3x -4y) 6. (A ) 7. (B ) 8. (B ) 9. (C)

10. (D) -25- 150 p = (-25) (1 + 6p 2 )
2
=(3x -4y) (z- 2p)
31. (B) 32. (A) 33. (B) 34. (A) 35. (D) 114. Introduction t o Graphs I
36. (A) 49x 2 -36 = (7x) 2 -(6) 2 ~ Multiple Choice Questions
1. (D) Origin is the point of intersection
= (7x -6)(7x + 6)
of the X and Y axes.
2. (A) A point on the X-axis has its
y-coordinate zero 0.
3. (D) Total sales of branches Bl' B3 , and
B5 together for both the years (in
= z(z + 1) + 2(z + 1) thousand numbers)
= (z +l)(z +2) = (80 + 105) + (95 + 115) + (75 + 95) '

= 565

4. (C) The required percentage 16. (A) The price of chicken is the same in
both the towns
=[ (75 + 85) x 100]%
~ their graphs intersect at a
(95 + 115)
point.
160
= -x100 ) %=76.19%. This happens to be on Tuesday and
( 210 Friday.
5. (B) The average sales of all the six 17. (B) 18. (A) 19. (B) 20. (C) 21. (D)
branches (in thousand numbers) for
22. (B) From ~ 45 on Y-axis, draw a line
the year 2013
onto the graph. From this point,
1 drop a perpendicular onto the
= x [80 + 75 + 95 +85 +75 +75]
6 X-axis. The point where this line
meets the X-axis is the requried
= 80.8 = 81 value which is ~ 450.
6. (D) The required ratio 23. (A) From 750 on the X-axis, draw a line
onto the graph. From this point,
(75+55) 130
drop a perpendicular onto the
(85+ 95) 180 Y-axis.
The point where this line meets the
13 Y-axis is the required value which
= - =13 :18
18 is~ 75.
7. (C) 24. (C) The required percentage
8. (B) Students of institute M at
= [100- (10 + 25 + 20 + 10)]%
graduate level = 17% of 27300
= 4641 = (100 - 65)% = 35%
Students of instituteS at graduate 25. (D) 26. (C) 27. (B) 28. (A)
level = 14 % of 27300 = 3822
29. (C) The total number of cars
:. Total number of students at
graduate level in institutes M and = 4 + 10 + 14 + 16 + 14 + 14 + 2
s = 4641 + 3822 = 8463 = 74
(or) 31% of 27300 = 8463 30. (A) The class with the highest
9. (C) 10. (D) 11. (B) 12. (D) frequency is called the modal
class.
13. (A) The total number of male workers
employed = 5 + 7 + 9 = 21 : . The required frequency= 16 cars
The total number of female 31. (B) The number of cars that consume
workers employed = 8 + 9 + 5 = 22 less than 40.5 l of petrol per week
= 4 + 10 = 14.
: . The required difference
= 22-21 = 1 32. (D) The number of cars that consume
more than 50.5l of petrol= 14 + 14
14. (D) Sale of dolls on Saturday = 40
+ 2 = 30
Cost of each doll = ~ 35
33. (D) 10 cars consume 35.5 to 40.5 litres
: . Amount earned = ~ 35 x 40 of petrol.
= ~ 1400 34. (B) 35. (C) 36. (B) 37. (A) 38.(A)
' 15. (C) The number of Benz cars sold by
dealer B is the maximum.
Explanatory Answers
Ill
lEW' Previou s Contest Questions

2001-2002, 2005-2006, 2006-2007

i.e., for 3 years and below 3480
1. (C) The total of the central angles millions during the years 2000- ~
corresponding to the three crops 200 1, 2002-2003, 2003-2004,
which cover 50% of the total ar ea, 2004-2005 and 2007-2008 i.e., for
should be 180°. Now, the total of 5 years.
the central angles for the given
combinations are: Hence, the required ratio = 3 : 5
(A) Wheat, Barley and Jowar 6. (D) 7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (B)
=(72° + 36° + 18°) =126° 10. (D) A point on the Y-axis has 0 as it
X- coordinate. So, (0, 5) is a point
(B) Rice, Wheat and Jowar on the Y-axis.
= (72° + 72° + 18°) = 162° 11. (A) Grape flavoured milk shake
(C) Rice, Wheat a nd Barley = 11% = 66 (Given)
= (72°+72° +36°) =180° ~ 100% =

66
x lOO = 600
11
(D) Bajra, Maize and Barley
12. (B ) 13. (A ) 14. (B ) 15. (C)
=(18° + 45° + 72°) =135°
Clearly, (C) is the required
combination.
115. Playing with Numbers I
2. (A) The area under any of the food crops lEW' Multiple Choice Questions
is proportional to the central angle
corresponding to that crop. Let, the 1. (C) The last digit is 5, the number is
ar ea under rice production be x divisible by 5.
million acres. Since 311636 - 10 = 311626 + 7
Then, 18 : 72 = 1.5 : x = 44568, the number is divisible
by 7 also.
-(72x1.5)_
- 6
~X - ---
18 2. (D) A number divisible by 3 and 4 is
divisible by 12.
3. (D) The required ratio = 5040/3360
= 1.5 3. (A) Adding the digits at odd places of
the given number 653 * 47, we get
4. (A) Foreign exchange reserves in 13. Now if the number is divisible
2006 - 2007 = 5040 millions by 11, the sum of digits at even
Foreign exchange reserves in places should also be 13, so that
2002 - 2003 = 2520 millions 13 - 13 = 0 is divisible by 11.
Increase = (5040 - 2520) We have 7 + * + 5 = 13.
= 2520 millions
:. * = 13 - 12 = 1 is the required
Percentage increase value.
4. (D) 1001 is divisible by 13, as 1001
=( - -x 100 ) %= 100%
2520
=13 X 77.
2520
5. (A) 6. (B ) 7. (A) 8. (A )
5. (C ) The average foreign exchange
reserves over the given period 9. (B) The prime number after 32 is 37 'IP
= 3480 millions. which is got by adding 5 to 32. ~
The country had reserves above 10. (C) 153 = 3 x 51. So, 153 is not prime.
3480 millions during the years
11. (B) 147 = 7 x 21 is a composite number. lEi" Previous Co ntest Questions

' 12. (D)
The prime numbers between 30 1. (C) Consider an example 452
and 60 are 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53
4 + 5 + 2 = 11 is the s um of the
and 59. The greatest of these is 59. digi ts.
13. (D ) The statement in option (D) is true X = 452 - 11 = 441
according to the test of divisibility
by8. 4 + 4 + 1 = 9 is divis ible by 9.
14. (C) According to the problem, a five- So, option (C) is correct.
digit number between 10000 and 2. (B ) X+X+X = YX
10010 divisible by 5 is 10005. Consider 5, 1 for the respective
values of X and Y.
15. (B) 672+ 8 = 84
Then 5 + 5 + 5 = 15 is correct.
:. 505672 is a multiple of 8.
3. (D ) 100 x 8 + 10 x 5 + 9 = 859
16. (B ) 17. (D) 18. (A) 19. (D) 4. (A) 57. (D ) 6. (B ) 7. (D ) 8. (B )
20. (C) The prime numbers between 100 9. (C) The prime numbers that lie
and 200 are 101, 103, 107, 109, between 50 and 70 are 53, 59, 61
113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, &67.
157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191,
193, 197 and 199 which are 21 in Therefore, the greatest possible
number. value of X is 67.
21. (B) 22. (A) 23. (A ) 10. (B) The composite numbers between
70 and 90 are 72, 74, 75 76, 77, 78,
24. (B ) For x = 3, x 2 + x + 11 = 9 + 3 + 11 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87 and 88.
= 33 is not a prime number. Thus,M = 88.
25. (A ) 26. (A ) 27. (B ) 28. (C) 11. (C) The only prime number between 90
29. (C) Consider n = 10 (Even) and 100 is 97.
~ 3(n + 1) = 3(11) = 33 ~ Odd 12. (D )
30. (C) a = 4b + 26
Consider b = 1. Then a = 4(1) + 26
= 30, which is divisible by 2, 5 and 1. In the first 20 minutes, Sheila fills the
6, but not 4. pool at a rate of20 l/min and thus a dds
Hence option (C) is the answer. 20 x 20 = 400 l of water to the pool.
31. (B) 32. (B) 33. (A) 34. (C) 35. (D) At this time, the pool needs 4000 - 400
36. = 3600 l of water to be full.
(A ) Consider P = 1 and S = 9.
After filling for 20 minutes, water begins
Then 1 QR9 to leak out of the pool at a rate of2Z per
x9 min.
9RQ1 Since water is still entering the pool at a
Q = 0 (else there will be regrouping rate of 20 l per min, then the net result
in the thousands place) and R = 8.
is that the pool is filling at a rate of
20-2
1QR9 = 18 l per min.
x9
Since the pool needs 3600 l of water to
' So, 9 R Q 1 is correct. be full and is filling at a rate of 18 l/min,
37. (C) 38. (A) then it will take an additional 3600 +
18 = 200 minutes before the pool is full
of water.

Ill
Jl BMA'sTalent & Olympiad Exams Resource Book
Thus, the total time needed to fill the

Since the shaded area is 30, then PD x

pool is 20 + 200 = 220 minutes or 3 hours DC = 30 or PD x 6 = 30 or PD = 5.
and 40 minutes.
Since AD = 6 and PD = 5, then AP = 1. ~
2. First recognize that the day and the
month must be equal. 1
5. Since Krish runs 2 as fast as his usual
Next, since 3 = 9 and 10 = 100, both the
2 2
day and the month must be larger than running speed, he runs at 5 km/h, and so
3 but less than 10 so that the year lies will take 6 hours to complete the 30 km
between 2012 and 2099. run.
We list all possible square root days in 1
the table below. Since Purab runs at 12 her usual
Day and Month last Two Digits of the Year Date
running speed, she runs at 15 kmlh, and
4 4'=16 4/4/2016 so will take 2 hours to complete the 30
5 5'= 25 5/5/2025
km run.
6 6'=36 6/6/2036
7 7'=49 7/7/2049 Thus, it takes Kl·ish 4 hours longer to
8 8'=64 8/8/2064 complete the run than it takes Purab.
9 9'=81 9/9/2081
A~}r
Since these are all actual dates between 6.
January 1, 2012 and December 31,2099,
then the number of square root days is
6.
3. In 6CDE, CE = 5, DE= 3, and LCDE = 0 c
90•.
Area of ABCD = 25
CE 2 = CD 2 + DE2
~ CD 2 = CE2 - DE2 Side of ABCD = J25 = 5cm
=52 - 32 = 16 Side of rhombus = 5cm
Area of rhombus = 20
:. CD= 4
5 X h =20
In MBC, AB=9,BC=BD -CD
=> h = 4cm
= 16- 4 = 12, and LABC = 900.
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC2 In 6 CSQ, CQ = 5, SC = 4,
~ AC 2 = 92 + 122 = 81 + 144 = 225 => SQ = -/25 - 16 =.J9 = 3

:. AC = 15 (since AC > 0) Area of PSCD,
4. The area of rectangle WXYZ 1
= 10 X 6 = 60. ='2[5 +(5 - 3)] x 4
Since the shaded area is half of the total
1
1 = - x7x 4
area ofWXYZ, its area is 2 x 60 = 30. 2
= 14 em
Since AD and WX are perpendicular, Shaded Area = 25 - 14 = 11 cm2
then the shaded area has fou r right
angles, so is a rectangle. 7. Since 23 = 8 = 1 + 7 then a = 2.
Since square ABCD has a side length of Since 33 = 27, then 27 = 8 + b orb= 19. ~
6, then DC = 6. Since 43 = 64, then 64 = 8 + cor c = 56.
Thus, a+ b + c = 2 + 19 +56 = 77.
8. First, we note that 536 - 621 is a positive Therefore, 25% of the students chose
integer, since 536 - 621 = (55 )1 - (63 )1 = cookies as their favourite food.
31257 - 216 7 and 3125 > 216. Thus, the percentage of students who
Second, we note that any positive integer chose sandwiches was 100%-30%- 25%
power of 5 has a units digit of 5. Since, 5 -35% = 10%.
x 5 = 25 and this product has a units Since there are 200 students in total,
digit of 5, then the units digit of 53 is
obtained by multiplying 5 by the units 10
then 200 x = 20 students said that
digit 5 of25. Thus, the units digit of(53)is 100
5. Similarly, each successive power of 5 their favourite food was sandwiches.
has a units digit of 5.
11. Since 6. PQR is isosceles, then L PRQ =
Similarly, each power of 6 has a units
L PQR= 2x•.
digit of 6.
Therefore, 536 has a units digit of 5 and Since L PRQ and L SRT are opposite
621 has a units digit of6. When a positive angles, then L SRT
integer with units digit 6 is subtracted L PRQ = 2x•.
from a larger positive integer whose units
digit is 5, the difference has a units digit Since 6. RST is isosceles with RS
of9. = RT, then
Therefore, 536 -621 has a units digit of9. 1 1
L RST = 2 (180• - L SRT) = 2 (180• -
9. Suppose that the length of the route is d
km. 2x•) = 90•- x • = (90- x)•
d
12. Let the length of his route bed km.
Then Jill jogs 2 km at 6 km/h and runs Since he arrives 1 minute early when
travelling at 75 km/h and 1 minute late
d when travelling at 70 km/h, then the
2 km at 12 km/h.
difference between these times is 2
1
Note that time equals distance divided minutes, or of an hour.
by speed. 30
Since her total time was X hours, then The time that his trip takes while
d
d/ 2 d/ 2 d d 2d d 3d d travelling at 75 km/h is hours, and
x = 6 +12 = 12 + 24 = 24 + 24 = 24 =s · 75
d
d at 70 km/h is 70 hours.
Also, Jack walks 3 km at 5 km/h and
Therefore,
2d
runs 3 km at 15 km/h.
-
d d
- - =-
1
70 75 30
Since his total time is y hours, then y =
~3+2~3= ~+2d=3d + 2d=5d=~
5 15 15 45 45 45 45 9 . 75d- 70d = ---so
75(70)
5d = 25(7)
d =35
10. Since the angle in the sector Therefore, the route is 35 km long.
representing cookies is 90•, then this
1
sector represents 4 of the total circle.
Explanatory Answers
Ill
13. First, we find the prime factors of 555. In the tens digit, there is only 1 non-zero
Since 555 ends with a 5, it is divisible by digit: the 1 in the number 11. Therefore,
using the carry, the tens digit ofN is 1 + 'll'
5, with 555 = 5 x 111.
5 = 6. '1l
Since the sum of the digits of 111 is 3, In each of positions 3 to 52 from the right-
then 111 is divisible by 3, with 111 = 3 hand end, there is only one non-zero
X 37.
digit, which is a 1.
Therefore, 555 = 3 x 5 x 37, and each of Therefore, the digit in each of these
3, 5, and 37 is a prime number. positions in N is also a 1. (There is no
The possible ways to write 555 as the carrying to worry about).
product of two integers are 1 x 555, 3 x Therefore, N = 11 xx1162, where N has
185, 5 x 111, and 15 x 37. (In each of 52 - 2 = 50 digits equal to 1.
these products, two or more of the prime
factors have been combined to give a This tells us that the sum of the digits of
N is 50(1) + 6 + 2 = 58.
composite divisor).
The only pair where both members are 15. Since the ratio AN : AC equals the ratio
two-digit positive integers is 37 and 15, AP: PB (each is 1 : 2) and L A is common
so x + y is 37 + 15 = 52. in 6 APN and 6 ABC, then 6 APN is
14. There are 52 terms in the sum: the similar to ABC.
number 1, the number 11, and the 50 Since the ratio of side lengths between
numbers starting with a 1, ending with these two triangles is 1 : 2, then the ratio
a 1 and with 1 to 50 zeroes in between. of areas is 1 : 22 = 1 : 4.
The longest of these terms thus has 52
digits (50 z.e roes and 2 ones). Thus, the area of l:l ABC is 4 x 2 = 8
cm 2•
When the units digits of all 52 terms are
added up, their sum is 52, so the units
digit ofN is 2, and a 5 carried to the tens
digit.
Ill Explanatory Answers

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talent & olympiad exams Brain Mapping Academy

l Crossword Puzzles: To stimulate the mind to think beyond Detailed solutions to

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NATIONAL LEVEL SCIENCE TALENT SEARCH EXAMINATION

I Aim of this examination

This exactly is the philosophy behind the Unified Council's NSTSE.

Eligibility: Students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12 are eligible to participate in this

Unique Service from Unified Council:

Awards & Scholarships:

1. Rational Numbers .......................... 9- 14

Explanatory Answers ................... 107- 134

+ Natural numbers (N)

+ Whole numbers (W)

(i) - 1, -2, -3, -4, .... are called negative integers.

Note : Zero is neither positive nor negative.

+ The numbers of the form E,

Properties of rational numbers

+ Existence of additive identity: Zero is the additive identity.

1. Ratio nal Numbe r s

Note: Zero is a rational number which has no mult iplicative inverse.

+ Distributive law of multiplication over addition:

• Which of the following statements is 5 11 7 9

Which among the following is a rational

The sum of two rational numbers is - 3. If

(A) - 9 (B) 9 (C) - 81 (D) 81 -4 -8 4 8

Which of the following numbers must be

16 17] (A) (i) and (ii) only

What is the product of n-55 and 11

0 What is the number that is to be

+ Equation: An equation is a statement of equality of two algebraic expressions involving

2. Linear Equations in One Variable

II 2. Linear Equations in One Variable

• If a number increased by 8% of itself gives Solve : 1.32y + 0.02y = 1.19 + y

2 . Linear Equations in One Va riable

• Three numbers are such that the

(C) 1Ot + u + 1 (D) 1OOt + 1Ou + 1 (A) 72 (B) 36 (C) 18 (D) 2

Given that - p-g

II 2. Linear Equations in One Variable

+ Diagonals: A diagonal is a line segment connecting two non-consecutive vertices of a

000 Regular ploygons

• Sum of the interior angles of a regular polygon

2 X 180° = 3 X 180° = 4 X 180° =

•• A parallel- A parallel- A rectangle A quadrilateral in

0 ABCD is a quadrilateral. If AC and BD

bisectors of L A and L D meet at 0. What In the quadrilateral ABCD, the diagonals

(A) goo (B) 60° (C) 45° (D) 135°

• If AB and CD are diameters, what is

Find the value of ·x:

II 3 . Understanding Quadril aterals

(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2

G In a trapezium ABCD,AB is parallel to CD Find the measure of 'x' shown in the

• Previous Contest Questions~ W X

0 In L\ABC, P and Q are the midpoints of

0 In the figure given, PTU is a straight line.

85° What is the measure of the angle marked

Central angle for a component = Value of the component x 360°