BRIEF DESCRIPTION ABOUT COMMON MEDICINAL PLANTS

Scientific Name Family Distribution Habit Propagation Part used Activity/Properties Uses (diseases) Formulations Active principles
Abelmoschus moschatus Malvaceae India Shrub Seed Seed Diuretic, Opthalmopathy, Perfumery, -sitosterol
(Linn.) Medicus demulcent,antiseptic, Cough, asthma, colic cosmetics, agarbathi
carminative
Abrus precatorius Linn. Papilionaceae Plains and hills of climber seed Roots, leaves, Cytotoxic, antifertility, Cough, wounds, Gurja Bhadra Saponins
India seeds abortifacient paralysis RasGunja thaila - containing
Gunjadilepa oleanolic acid
Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Malvaceae India, Sri Lanka herb Seed Seed, root, bark,Hypothermic, CNS Diarrhoea, piles, Dhanvanthram, Asparagin
Sweet leaves active, analgesic, cough, leprosy, Balarishtam
aphrodisiac gonorrhoea
Acacia catechu Willd. Mimosaceae India tree seed Bark, heart wood Anthelmintic, anti- Eye disease, Khadinarishtam
inflammatory, stomach, intestine,
hypotensive teeth affections
Acalypha fruticosa Forsk. Euphorbiaceae India Shrub
Acalypha indica Linn. Euphorbiaceae India herb Leaves, roots, Anthelmintic, Scabies, arthritis, Acalypus,
stalks, flower expectorant, emetic, chronic bronchitis, acalyphine
anodyne asthma
Achyranthes aspera Linn. Amaranthaceae India herb seed Whole plant Cardiac, stimulant, Renal dropsies, Surasadi tailam, Saponins (A& B)
herb diuretic, astringent, anasarca, diarrhoea Aviltoadibhasamam, Betaine,
Jatyadi thailam achyranthine
Acorus calamus Linn. Araceae India herb rhizome rhizome Stomachic, tonic, Child bearing, Vachechoornam -asarone
anti-flatulent, nervous problems
tranquilizer
Adhatoda beddomei C. B. Acanthaceae Hills of Kerala shrub Seed and Whole plant Astringent, diuretic Cough, diarrhoea, Dasamoolakaduthra Vasicine
Clarke vegetatively mainly root asthama, pythisis yam kashayam
Adhatoda zeylanica Acanthaceae Lower Himalayan shrub Seed, Leaves, root, Expectorant, diuretic, Cough, asthma, Vasavaleha Vascine
Medicus ranges vegetatively bark, flowers alterative phthisis Adhatodic acid
Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Rutaceae Forest of himalayan Small tree Seed, root Root, stem, Hypoglycaemic, Diarrhoea, diabetes, Vilwadi leham Marmolisin
Corr. tracts, central and leaves, fruits antifungal, CVS stomachalgia
S. India active
Aerva lanata (Linn.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Tropics and sub- Under shrub Anthelmintic, diuretic, Diabetes,lithiasis, brhatidivayam
tropics, Africa, Asia anti- head-ache
inflammatory,anti-
bacteria
Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae herb Antilithic
Linn.
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simarubaceae India tree Bark, leaf Antispasmodic, anti- Dyspepsia, bronchitis Excelsin,
asthamatic glaucarubin
Alangium salviifolium Alangiaceae S. India Small tree Roots, fruits Antiprotozoal, Skin diseases, Ankolah, Emetin
(Linn. f.) Wang. hypoglycaemic burning sensation, Mahabhutara
rheumatism ghrtam
Albizia lebbeck (Linn.) Mimosaceae India, Burma, Sri Tree seed Bark, flower, Immunomodulator, asthma, leprosy Maha shrishagada Saponins
Benth. Lanka, Africa, seeds, leaves, hypoglycaemic, Sirisharishta
Australia roots anticancer
Allium cepa Linn. Liliaceae India herb Bulb Bulb, seed Stimulant, diuretic, Fever, dropsy, colic, Mathura rasam, Quercetin
expectorant, bronchitis Kaphakaram
 emmenagogue
Allium cepa var. Liliaceae India herb Bulb Bulb, seed Stimulant, diuretic, Fever, dropsy, colic, Mathura rasam, Quercetin
aggregatum expectorant, bronchitis Kaphakaram
emmenagogue
Allium sativum Linn. Liliaceae All over India herb Cloves, bulbs Anti-inflammatory, Piles, gout, sciatica, Rasayanam, Alliin
bulblets hypotensive dyspepsia Katuvipaka Ushna
Veeryam
Aloe barbadensis Mill. Liliaceae India, Florida, herb vegetative Leaf juice, Elio Anthelmintic, Wounds, cuts, liver, Kumaryasavam, Anthroquinone
W.Indies, Asia (dried gum) purgative, oxytocic kidney bladder Rasnadi powder glycosides

Alpinia allughas Rosc. Zingiberaceae W.ghats, Sri Lanka, herb rhizome rhizome CVS & CNS active, Rheumatic, fever, Rasnadi Kasayam, Kaempferide,
Malaya, China, diuretic, hypothermic, dyspepsia, cough, Rasnadi churnum galangin, alpinin
India antiulcerative asthma

Alpinia calcarata Rosc. Zingiberaceae W.ghats, Sri Lanka, herb rhizome rhizome CVS & CNS active, Cough, dyspepsia, Rasnadi kasayam, Kaempferide,
Malaya, China, diuretic, hypothermic, asthma Rasnadi churnam galangin, alpinin
India antiulcerative

Alpinia galanga Sw. Zingiberaceae Himalaya, Assam, herb rhizome rhizome CVS & CNS active, Vat, kapha, arthritis, Maharasnadi Cineol
Bihar, W. ghats diuretic, hypothermic, asthma, fever kasayam
antiulcerative
Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) Apocynaceae India especially W. tree seed Bark, leaves, Antimalarial, Skin diseases, Saptachaladi taila Echitamine
R. Br. Ghats milky exudate hypotensive, malarial fever,
anthelmintic bronchitis
Alstonia venenata R. Br. Apocynaceae India shrub seed, Roots, fruits Depurative, febrifuge Skin diseases,
vegetative leprosy, epilepsy
Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae India, native of herb seed Root, leaf Galactogenic, Eczema, colic, burns -spinasterol,
Linn. America emollient hentria contane
Amomum subulatum Zingiberaceae E. Himalaya, herb Seed, Seed, oil Stimulant, stomachic Vomiting, rectal Subulin, alpinetin,
Roxb. Bengal, Sikkim, rhizome alexipharmic, diseases, gargle, cardamonin
Assam astringent neuralgia, head ache
Amorphophalus Araceae India herb Corm Corm, seed Antiasthmatic, Elephantiasis, Bahusalgulam Amylase, betulinic
companulatus (Roxb.) Bl. antiemetic rheumatic, swelling acid
Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Tropics tree seed Bark, leaf, fruit Anthelmintic, anti- Antidontalgia, Ethylgallate,
Linn. asthmatic astringent, purgative quercetin
Anacyclus pyrethrum DC Asteraceae Bengal, Arabia herb root Cardiac stimulant, Tooth ache, Pellitorin, pyrethrin
sialogogue paralysis,
Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae India, Sri Lanka herb Whole plant Antipyretic, alterative, Syphilitic cachexia, Kalmeghin,
Nees febrifuge syphilitic ulcer andrographin
Anisochilus carnosus Lamiaceae N. Circars, Mysore, herb Leaves, oil Stimulant, Cough, cold Glucoside of
Wall. Malabar diaphoretic, leuteolone,
expectorant apigenan
Anisomeles malabarica R. Lamiaceae S.India, Sri Lanka herb Leaves, essential Stimulant, Fever, catarrh, colic, Swasadithailam,
Br. oil diaphoretic, dyspepsia, arthritis Pathadi gulika
astringent
Annona squamosa Linn. Annonaceae India tree seed Whole plant Purgative, Tumours, vata, pitta
suppurative
Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Moraceae Java, Sri Lanka, tree seed seeds febrifuge dyspepsia Antiarol, antiaresin
Lesch. Malaya, Burma
Aphanamixis polystachya Meliaceae Tropics tree seed Bark, seed Anthelmintic, Tumour, abdominal Diaterpene-
(Wall.) Parker astringent, anticancer complaints aphanamixol
Areca catechu Linn. Arecaceae Tropical India, E. palm Seed Seed or kernal, gallic acid,
Archipelago root, tender
leaves, catechu
Argemone mexicana Linn. Papaveraceae Native of Mexico, Annual seed Milky juice, seed, Astringent, Rheumatism, Berberine,
India fresh root anthelmintic, aperient constipation, colic, protopine,
dysentery
Argyreia speciosa Sweet Convolvulaceae india Climbing Leaves, root antipholgistic Synovitis, syphilis, Ajmodadi churna
shrub
Aristolochia bracteolata Aristolochiaceae India twiner Seed, veg., Roots, leaves, Digestive, diuretic, Ulcer, skin diseases, Aristolochic acid
Ham. fruits anthelmintic colic
Aristolochia indica Linn. Aristolochiaceae India twiner Root, Stimulant, Antidote, leprosy, Aristolochic acid,
rhizome emmenagogue, dropsy aristolamide
alexiteric
Artemisia pallens Asteraceae Poona, Alndi, Jejuri Sub shrub Whole plant Antipyretic, tonic Tetrahydrofuranos
anthelmintic esquiterpenes
Artemisia vulgaris Linn. Asteraceae tree Seed Leaves, flowering Anthelmintic, Asthma, cephalalgia,
tops antiseptic, leprosy
expectorant
Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae India tree Seed Roots, leaves, Antidiarrhoeal. Skin diseases, cyanoerclurin
Lam. fruits. Seeds, Astringent, dyspepsia, debility
wood, latex carminative, tonic
Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. Moraceae Tree Seed Bark, leaves. Astringent, Appetiser, sores,
fruits anaphrodisiac hydrocele
Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae India, Andaman climber Seed, root Tuberous roots Spasmolytic, Tonic, diuretic, satvarigulam Shatavarin
Willd. and Nicobar islands anticancer galactogenic
Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. Oxalidaceae India, Burma Ever green Seed fruit Astringent, Fever, piles, scurvy
tree stomachic,
refrigerant, cooling
Averrhoa carambola Linn. Oxalidaceae Ever green Seed Leaves, root, fruit Laxative, refrigerant, piles
tree
Azadirachta indica A. Meliaceae India, Africa Tree Seed Bark, leaves, Antiviral, anthelmintic, Nervous problems, Gulgguluthicthalam Nimbosterol,
Juss. flower, seeds, oil insectcide, antiseptic wounds, skin kasayam azadirachtin,
diseases Nimbin, nimbidin
Azima tetracantha Lam. Salvadoraceae Decan, Sri Lanka, Leaves, roots diuretic Rheumatism, dropsy,
Coromandal coast dyspepsia, diarrhoea

Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Scrophulariaceae Throughout India in herb Seeds, Whole plant Barbiturate, Improves memory Brahmi ghrita, Bacoside A & B,
Pennell wet places vegetative hyponosis Manasamithravaday Bacogenins A1 - A4
potentiation effect am
Baliospermum Euphorbiaceae Sub Himalayan Under shrub vegetativel Roots, leaves, CVS active, Anasaraca, dropsy, Dantyarista, Montanin,
solanifolium (J. Burm.) tracts, W.Bengal, seeds hypotensive, diuretic jaundice Dantyadi churna baliospermin
Suresh Bihar
Bambusa bambos Druce Poaceae India, Lower Thorny Seed, tiller Interior stalks, Emmenagogue, Vomiting, palpitation, Mathura rasam, Tabashir
Himalaya bambo young shoots, anthelmintic, fever Kashya-anurasam
leaves astringent, stimulant
Barleria mysorensis Acanthaceae Malabar, shrub Saha cheradi
Travancore kashayam

Bauhinia purpurea Linn. Caesalpiniaceae S.Asia, India Bark, flower, root Astringent, Ulcer, goitre
carminative, laxative
Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Caesalpiniaceae Leaf, bark Astringent, tumour -amyrin,
anthelmintic, octacosane
cephalalgic
Bauhinia tomentosa Caesalpiniaceae
Bauhinia variegata Linn. Caesalpiniaceae Sub-Himalayan Tree seed Root, bark Hypothermic, CNS Skin diseases, ulcer, Kanchaar Guggal
tracts, Dry forests active, anti-bacterial piles, snake-bite Hab
Mussafi Khun
Biophytum sensitivum Oxalidaceae Throughout India herb seed Whole plant Astringent, anti- Fever, burning, Cemparutyadi tailam
(Linn.) DC. pyretic, anti-septic haemorrhage, cough,
dysentery
Blepharis boerhaavifolia Acanthaceae Under shrub
Blepharistemma Rhizophoraceae
corymbosa
Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Nyctaginaceae India Creeping vegetative Herb and root Laxative, diuretic, Oedema, Kumargasavam, Hypoxanthin-9-L-
herb expectorant, emetic, analgesic,heart Dhanvantaram arabinofuranoside
purgative, diseases, kulumbu,
anthelmintic, haemorrhage Chyavanaprasam
febrifuge
Bombax ceiba Linn. Bombacaceae India Tree seed Gum, seed, Astringent, Haemorrhage, snake- -D-glucoside of -
leaves, fruit, bark, demulcent, diuretic, bite, small-pox, sitosterol, hentria
flower aphrodisiac, emetic chicken-pox contane
Brassica campestris Linn. Brassiccaceae India herb seed Stem, root, Aperient, diuretic, Sores, skin diseases
leaves, seeds rubefacient
Brassica juncea (Linn.) Brassicaceae India herb seed Seed, oil Asperient, stimulant, Chest affections Rheumatism,
Czern. & Coss. emmengogue dengue fever
Brassica oleracea Linn. Brassicaceae India herb seed Chronic cough,
var. botrytis Linn. bronchitis, asthma
Breynia patens Benth. Euphorbiaceae Shrub
Bridelia crenulata Roxb. Euphorbiaceae Tree
Bridelia scandens (Roxb.) Euphorbiaceae Climbing
Willd. shrub
Bryonia sp. Cucurbitaceae India, Tropical Butein, butrin
Himalya, Sri Lanka,
South East Asia,
Malaysia
Butea monosperma Papilionaceae India Deciduous seed Gum, seeds, Anthelmintic, Diarrhoea, dysentery, Arimedas tailam,
(Lam.) Taub. tree flower, bark, astringent, aperient vomiting Balatailam
leaves
Caesalpinia bonduc Caesalpiniaceae S.India, W.Bengal Climbing seed Seeds, nuts, root, Antiperiodic, Fever, asthma, colic Cangeryadi gulika, Brazilin
(Linn.) Roxb. herb bark, leaves antispasmodic, Ponkaradi gulika
anthelmintic,
febrifuge
Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Caesalpiniaceae Tree seed Heart wood Anti-cancer, anti- Skin diseases, Hypoglycaemic
inflammatory, semen diarrhoea, wounds,
coagulating pita, diabetes
Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Papilionaceae shrub seed Seeds, beans, Antidote, jaundice,
Millsp. leaves spongy gum
Calamus travancoricus Arecaceae Tender leaves Biliousness, worms,
Bedd. ex Hook. f. dyspepsia
Callicarpa tomentosa Verbenaceae shrub Root, bark febrifuge Hepatic obstruction,
(Linn.) Murray skin diseases
Calotropis gigantea Asclepiadaceae India Milky shrub seed Whole plant Depurative, Cough, Dhanvantaram Calotropin,
(Linn.) R. Br. anthelmintic, anasarca,ascites ghrtam, Nagaradi Asclepin
expectorant tailam
Calycopteris floribunda Combretaceae India Woody shrub Leaves, fruits, Stimulant, Colic, dyspepsia, Calycopterin,
Lam. root anthelmintic, laxative dysentery quercetin
Cananga odorata Hook. f. Annonaceae tree seed Oil from flowers Anti-rheumatism, Gout, boils, opthalmia Geroniol, linalool
& Thom. anti- malarial, anti-
diarrhoeal
Capparis sepiaria Linn. Capparidaceae S.India shrub

Capparis zeylanica Linn. Capparidaceae Climbig

shrub
Capsicum annum Solanaceae India Annual shrub fruit Thermogenic, Cough, hoarseness, capsicin
digestive, anorexia
carminative, cardio
tonic
Cardiospermum Sapindaceae Throughtout India Herb Roots, leaves, Antibacterial, Otalgia, fever, Indravalli,
halicacabum Linn. seeds hypotensive, lumbago Nilabringadhi tailam
antirheumatism
Careya arborea Roxb. Lecythidaceae Deciduous seed Bark, leaves, Astringent, Small pox, dysentery,
tree flower, fruits thermogenic, urorrhea
expectorant
Carica papaya Linn. Caricaceae India Soft wood Seed, mount Fruits, latex Anti-fertility, anti- Ecbolic, blemishes, papain
tree layering coagulant, vermifuge
anthelmintic
Carum bulbocastanum Apiaceae Herb
Koch
Carum carvi Linn. Apiaceae Oil Stomachic, Ajamodakarkan Carvone, limonene
carminative
Caryota urens Linn. Arecaceae Tree seed Juice, spirit, nuts hemicrania
Cascabela thevetia (Linn.) Apocynaceae Shrub Malatyadi tailam,
Lippold Mustamriadi curnum
Cassia fistula Linn. Caesalpiniaceae Throughout India Tree Seed Whole plant Anti-viral, anti-cacer, Skin diseases, Aaragwadha Fistulin
hypoglycaemic syphilis, leprosy arishtam
Cassia occidentalis Linn. Caesalpiniaceae Throughout india Under shrub seed Whole plant Diuretic, antibacterial Dyspepsia, epilepsy, Kasamardan
fever Surasadi tailam
Cassia sophera Linn. Caesalpiniaceae Throughout tropical Under shrub seed leaves Spasmolytic, Ring worm, bronchitis Kasamardan Flavonal glycoside
India anthelmintic, Surasadi tailam
antiseptic
Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae Tree seed Wood, bark, Astringent colic Kaempferol,
Linn. leaves glycoside
Catharanthus roseus Apocynaceae India herb seed Whole plant Hypotensive, sciative, Menorrhagia, wasp- Vinblastine,
(Linn.) G. Don stomachic sting, leukemia vincristine
Catunaregam nutans Rubiaceae Deciduous
(DC.) Tiruv. shrub
Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Vitaceae Climbing Berry Astringent, refrigerant Burning, diarrhoea,
Juss. ex Gagnep. shrub hysteria
Ceiba pentata (Linn.) Bombacaceae Tree Gum, root, young Alterative, laxative, diglycerides
Gaertn. leaf antidiabetic
Centella asiatica (Linn.) Apiaceae India herb vegetative Whole plant Nerve tonic, brain Skin diseases, Brahmoside,
Urban tonic leprosy nerve brahminoside
diseases
Chenopodium Chenopodiaceae herb Seed, seed oil Amoebicidal, athlete’s foot, Glycine, alanine
ambrosioides Linn. analgesic, diuretic amenorrhoea
Chukrasia tabularis A. Meliaceae Bark Astringent, 5,7-dihydroxy-
Juss. spasmolytic, diuretic 6,2’,4’,5’tetrameth
oxy flavone
Cicca acida (Linn.) Merr. Euphorbiaceae Tree seed
Cinnamomum camphora Lauraceae Evergreen vegetative oil Stimulant, Cough, asthma,
Nees & Eberm. tree carminative dyspepsia
Cinnamomum verum Lauraceae Ever green seed Bark, oil Stimulant, diuretic, Diarrhoea, nausea
Presl aromatic tree expectorant, febrifuge
Cissampelos pareira Linn. Menispermaceae Climbing Root, bark, leaves Stomachic, diuretic, Diarrhoea, Pathadi churnum Cissampeline
plant anthelmintic
Cissus quadrangularis Vitaceae Tendril Whole palnt Aphrodisiac, Fracture, swellings Valiyacincadi leham
Linn. climber carminative
Citrus aurantifolia Rutaceae Thorny tree seed Fruit juice, rind of Stomachic, indigestion Octanol, neryl,
(Christm.) Swingle fruit antiscorbutic, geranyl acetates
anthelmintic
Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm. Rutaceae Thorny shrub seed Rind of fruit, fruit Stomachic, limonene
f. juice carminative,
antiscorbutic
Citrus maxima (Burm.) Rutaceae seed
Merr.
Cleistanthus collinus Euphorbiaceae tree Whole plant Poison, Fish poison, Saponin,
(Roxb.) Benth. & Hook. f. anticancer,astringent cleistanthin-A, B
Clematis triloba Heyne ex Ranunculaceae leaves Alterative, sedative Syphilis, fever,
Roth leprosy
Cleome gynandra Linn. Capparidaceae Herb seed
Cleome viscosa Linn. Capparidaceae India herb seed Whole plant antifungal, Otalgia, fever, cleomeolide
anthelmintic, diarrhoea
carminative
Clerodendrum phlomidis Verbenaceae Drier parts of India shrub seed bark Anthelmintic, Fever, cough, cold, Dasamula Arista, Sintellarin,
Linn. f. Hypoglycaemic Dasamula Kwatha pectolinaringin
Clerodendrum serratum Verbenaceae india Woody shrub seed Roots, leaves Antispasmolytic, Cough, anasarca, Ayaskrti, Bharngyadi Flavonoid-
(Linn.) Moon expectorant, dyspnoea kasayam hispiduline
carminative
Clerodendrum viscosum Verbenaceae india shrub seed leaves Antiinflammatory, Tumours, leprosy, clerodin
Vent. demulcent, vermifuge bronchitis
Clitoria ternatea Linn. Papilionaceae India climber seed Seeds, roots, Purgative, diuretic, Antidote,constipation, Sitosterol,
leaves laxative abdominal viscera kaempferol
Coccinia grandis (Linn.) Cucurbitaceae India climber Vegetatively Roots, leaves, Hypoglycaemic, Diabetes, Sharbat, Bazuri Har -sitosterol
Voigt. by stem fruits antiprotozoal gonorrhoea,ear-pain
cuttings
Cocculus hirsutus (Linn.) Menispermaceae Tropical& shrub Roots, leaves Cardio tonic, Eczema, Inositol, ginnol
Diels. subtropical India anticonvalasant hypertension,
bronchitis
Cochlospermum Cochlospermaceae India Deciduous seed Leaves, flowers, stimulant Diarrhoea, dysentery, Oleosaccharides
religiosum (Linn.) Alst. tree gum trachoma
Cocos nucifera Linn.` Arecaceae S. India, Sri Lanka, Tree seed Flowers, roots, Purgative, refrigerant, Nervous disorder,
Archipelago fruit, oil, ash antacid arthritis
Coffea arabica Linn. Rubiaceae S.India, Sri lanka Large shrub seed Seeds, leaves Dietetic, nervous Neuralgia,
stimulant
Coffea robusta Rubiaceae seed
Coix lacryma-jobi Linn. Poaceae India Perennial seed Roots,seeds Diuretic, Strangury,
grass cathartic,depurative pneumonia
Coldenia procumbens Boraginaceae herb Leaves Antirheumatic boils Oxalocetic acid
Linn.
Coleus amboinicus Lour. Lamiaceae India herb Stem cutting leaves appetising, digestive Cephalalgia, anorexia Karpuravalli
Abhram, pulilcham
Coleus zeylanicus Lamiaceae Stem cutting leaves
(Benth.) Cramer
Colocasia esculenta Araceae India Perennial corm Leaves, corms Styptic,stimulant, Haemorrhage,
(Linn.) Schott herb rubefacient otalgia, otorrhoea
Commiphora caudata Burseraceae Tree seed Roots, leaves Astringent, Diabetes, strangury
(Wt. & Arn.) Engl. aphrodisiac, diuretic
Commiphora mukul Burseraceae Africa, Asia, Small tree Seed, Roots, leaves Nypolipaemic, Obesity, snake-bite, Gulgullu thiktham Guggul sterones,
(Hook. ex Stocks) Stocks Rajasthan, A.P, vegetative hypocholesteraemic, diabetes, strangury kashayam myrene,
Assam, M.P cuttings, aphrodisiac dimyxceme
grafts
Connarus monocarpus Connaraceae Shrub seed Fruit, root Eye diseases,
Linn. syphilis
Coriandrum sativum Linn. Apiaceae India Herb seed fruit Aromatic, stimulant, Rheumatic, neuralgia,
carminative, vomiting
antibilious
Coscinium fenestratum Menispermaceae W.ghats of T.N and Climbing Stem cutting stem Thermogenic, Diabetes, jaundice,
(Gaertn.) Colebr. Kerala shrub anodyne, opthalmic ulcer
Costus speciosus (Koen.) Zingiberaceae India Herb rhizome rhizome Hypotensive, constipation, leprosy, diosgenin
Sm. antifertility asthma
Crataeva religiosa Hook. Capparidaceae Small tree Bark, stem Laxative, rubefacient Increase secretion of Dhanvantaram
f. & Thom. bile ghrtam
Cressa cretica Linn. Convolvulaceae India Shrub Whole plant Expectorant, Diabetes, leprosy,
digestive, haematinic asthma
Crossandra Acanthaceae Shrub Nirgundyadi gulika
infundibuliformis
Crotalaria juncea Linn. Papilionaceae seed Leaves, roots, Astringent, Stomatopathy,
seeds expectorant dyspepsia
Croton tiglium Linn. Euphorbiaceae N.India Tree seeds seeds Digestive, Antidote for snake- Misraka sneham Phorbiol myristate
carminative, bite, abdominal acetate
antiinflammatory diseases
Cryptolepis buchanani Asclepiadaceae Climber Whole plant
Roem. & Schult.
Curculigo orchioides Amaryllidaceae Sub tropical Root Hypoglycaemic, Skin diseases, Musalee Khadiradi curculigiside
Gaertn. Himalaya, W.Ghats spasmolytic, jaundice, pruiritus kashyam
anticancer
Curcuma amada Roxb. Zingiberaceae India Rhizomatous rhizome rhizomes Appetiser, Dyspepsia, ulcer,
aromatic carminative, pruritus
herb digestive, demulcent
Curcuma angustifolia Zingiberaceae Herb rhizome rhizome Demulcent,  and - pinene
Roxb. anthelmintic
Curcuma aromatica Zingiberaceae Wild throughtout Herb rhizome rhizome Spasmolytic, Sprains, bruises, Bratia tyadi kwatha curcumene
Salisb. india carminative, stimulant bronchitis, cough,
leucoderma
Curcuma longa Linn. Zingiberaceae India Herb rhizome rhizome Anti-inflammatory, Eye diseases, itch, Haidra khand ar-curcumene, ar-
emollient, depurative inflammations tur-merone
Cyathula prostrata (Linn.) Amaranthaceae India India roots Emetic, alexipharmic Cough, bronchitis, Surasadi tailam,
Bl. diarrhoea Aviltoaldi bhasma
Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Menispermaceae India Twining herb Roots, leaves Thermogenic, Metroptsis, cardiac Pathadi curnum
Hook. f. & Thom. carminative, disorder
depuratve
Cymbopogon citratus Poaceae India Perennial Seed, slips Whole plant Anthelmintic, laxative, Fever, chloera,
(DC.) Stapf grass aphrodisiac neuralgia, sprains
Cymbopogon flexuosus Poaceae Kerala Perennial seed, slips
(Steud.) Wats. grass
Cymbopogon martinii var. Poaceae India Perennial seed, slips
motia Roxb. grass
Cymbopogon martinii var. Poaceae India Perennial seed, slips Oil
sofia grass
Cymbopogon nardus Poaceae India Perennial seed, slips Leaf, oil Antiseptic, Limonene, -
(Linn.) Rendle grass carminative, phellandrene and
rubefacient  pinene
Cymbopogon nardus var. Poaceae India Perennial slips
confertiflorus x C. grass
jawarancusa
Cymbopogon pendulus Poaceae India Perennial seed, slips
Wats. grass
Cymbopogon winterianus Poaceae Perennial slips
India grass
Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Poaceae India Perennial vegetative Whole plant Haemostat, vulnerary Skin diseases, Durvadi tailam,
Pers. grass colporrhagia, debility Gandha tailam
Cyperus rotundus Linn Cyperaceae Tropics Herb Veg. by Bulbous tuber Antiinflammatory, Diarrhoea, dysentery Mustharishtam,
tuber antipyretic, analgesic Mustakadi churnum
Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Papilionaceae India seed Whole plant Anthelmintic, Obesity, dyspepsia Tricontane,
 antipyretic, analgesic acelyloleanolic
acid
Datura metel Linn. Solanaceae India Sub-shrub seed Whole plant Emetic, narcotic, Swellings, asthma, Kenakasavam Hyoscine, atropine
anodyne, ophthalmia, fever
antispasmodic
Delonix regia (Boj.) Rafin. Caesalpiniaceae Tree seed
Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae leaf astringent Silicious matter found
(Roxb.) Nees near the joints
Desmodium gangeticum Papilionaceae Lower hills and Under shrub seed Roots Antiinflammatory., Vata, anorexia, Dasamoolarishtam
DC. plains of india aphrodisiac, dysentery, fever
analgesic
Desmodium gyrans DC. Papilionaceae India shrub seed

Desmodium pulchellum Papilionaceae seeds Bark, flower Antidiarrhoeal, ophthalmia -amyrin, betulin
Backer antihaemorrhage
Desmodium triflorum Papilionaceae India Perennial seeds Whole plant Expectorant, Abscess, sore, Vidarayadi ghrtam,
(Linn.) DC. herb galactogogue flatulance Vidaryasavam
Desmostachya bipinnata Poaceae Perennial Astringent, diuretic Diarrhoea, dysuria Valiya candanadi
Stapf grass tailam
Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. Dioscoreaceae Climbing Tuber Tuber, leaf Antidysenteric, Sores, piles, syphilis, D-sorbitol
herb antisyphilic dysentery
Dioscorea floribunda Dioscoriaceae Native of Central climber Tuber, stem tubers Carbohydrale, protein Contraceptives Diosgenin
America, India, cuttings metabolism
China
Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae Tree seeds Unripe fruit, leaf, Carminative, Epistaxis, burns, Diosindigos A and
Roxb. fruit, bark astringent, laxative, scabies B
aphrodisiac, anaemia
Dolichos biflorus Backer Papilionaceae twiner seeds seeds Astringent, diuretic, Haemorrhage,
tonic leucorrhoea, colic
Ecbolium viride (Forsk.) Acanthaceae Sri Lanka, India, Shrub Itching, oedema, Valiya Rasnadi
Merr. Africa, Malaya tooth ache Kasayam
Eclipta prostrata (Linn.) Asteraceae India herb seed Whole plant Antihepatic, Dysuria, uretherol Neelibringadi tailam Stigmasterol, -
Linn. hematicidal, CVS disorders amyrin
active
Elephantopus scaber Asteraceae Rigid herb Roots, leaves Astringent, alterative, Skin diseases,
Linn. India febrifuge tetanus, elephantiasis
Elettaria cardamomum Zingiberaceae Perennial Seed, seed Anticephalalgia, Foul breath, diseases cymene
Maton herb sucker antiemetic of heart, bladder,
kidney
Embelia ribes Burm. f. Myrsinaceae India Climbing Fruits, roots, Contraceptive, Chest and skin quinone
shrub leaves acaricidal, diseases, kidney
antibacterial affections
Emilia sonchifolia DC. Asteraceae India herb Whole plant Sudorific, vulnerary Gastropathy,
nyctalopia
Ensete superbum Musaceae

Entada pursaetha DC. Mimosaceae Tropics seeds irritant

Erythrina variegata Linn. Papilionaceae India, Sri lanka, Tree Seed, stem Bark, leaves Galactogogue, Obesity, intestinal Vidangamuladi
Thailand, Laos cutting anthelmintic worms Kasayam

Eucalyptus citriodora Myrtaceae Australia, India Tree seed Dried leaves,

Hook. gum, oil
Eucalyptus globulus Myrtaceae Australia, India Tree seed Febrifuge, Diphtheria, purulent
Labill. carminative, catarrhal
antiseptic
Eupatorium triplinerve Asteraceae Brazil, India Sub shrub seed Dried leaves, Diaphoretic,antiperiod Dyspepsia, cough,
Vahl flower tops, twigs ic, expectorant sores, ulcers
Euphorbia hirta Linn. Euphorbiaceae Straggling seed Seed, leaves Galactogogue, Skin diseases, cough,
herb diuretic, aphrodisiac asthma
Euphorbia nivulia Buch.- Euphorbiaceae Tree seed Expectorant, Leprosy, rheumatism,
Ham. digestive, stomachic, dropsy
abortive
Euphorbia thymifolia Linn. Euphorbiaceae India Herb Whole plant Laxative, Dysmenorrhoea,
antibacterial, helminthiasis
alexipharmic
Euphorbia tirucalli Linn. Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia tirucalli Linn. Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia trigona Haw. Euphorbiaceae Milky juice Ear ache, liver and
Tree sleen enlargement
Evolvulus alsinoides Convolvulaceae Herb Whole plant Tonic, alterative, Fever, nervous
(Linn.) Linn. febrifuge debility
Excoecaria agallocha Euphorbiaceae India Tree leaves Purgative, alterative Ulcer, leprosy,
Linn. aphrodisiac
Ficus bengalensis Linn. Moraceae Sub-Himalaya, Tree seed Aerial root, bark, Hypoglycaemic, Vomiting, Nyagrodhah,Nalpam -sitosterol
Peninsular India leaves, buds, astringent, haemoptysis, urs-adi thailam
fruits, latex leucorrhoea
Ficus exasperata Vahl Moraceae
Ficus heterophylla Linn. f. Moraceae Root, leaves Antiasthmatic, Bechic, colic
antidysenteric
Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. Moraceae India Tree Veg. by Root, bark, leaves Astringent, acrid Odontalgia, wounds, Nalpamaradi thailam
stem cutting diarrhoea
Ficus racemasa Linn. Moraceae Sub_Himalayam bark Astringent, antiseptic Gonorrhoea,
tracts leucorrhoea
Ever green tree
Ficus religiosa Linn. Moraceae India Tree seed Bark, leaves, Antibacterial, Gonorrhoea, Nalpamaradi -sitosterol
tender shoots, hypoglycaemic, diarrhoea, dysentery, thailam
fruits, seeds, latex anthelmintic neuralgia
Flacourtia indica Merr. Flacourtiaceae Root, fruit Depurative, diuretic Rheumatism, urinary Nirgundyadi gulika
Small tree disorder
Flacourtia jangomas Flacourtiaceae Deciduous Bark, leaves, Astringent, Odontalgia, Coumarin-
(Lour.) Raeusch. shrub fruits refrigerant, haemorrhoids ostruthin
diaphoretic
Garcinia gummi-gutta Clusiaceae Trees seed Leaves, dried Astringent, digestive Haemorrhoids, Camboginol,
(Linn.) Robs. fruits thermogenic, flatulent, colic cobogin
constipation
Geophila reniformis Rubiaceae

Girardinia diversifolia Urticaceae

(Link) Friis
Gloriosa superba Linn. Liliaceae Tropical India, S. Climbing Seed, Roots, rhizomes Oxytoxic, uterine, Dermatosis, ulcer, Jyotismatyadi colchicine
Africa herb rhizome, stimulant cancer thailam
tissue
culture
Glycosmis pentaphylla Rutaceae Whole plant Antiinflammatory, Eczema, liver Glycosine,
(Retz.) DC. antianaemic, complaints glycozoidal
antirheumatic
Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. Papilionaceae Mediterranean Under shrub Seed, crown Roots, dried stem Antidiuretic, Tuberculosis, ulcer, Yastithriphala glycyrrhizin
region, S. Europe, cutting, expectorant, emetic, skin diseases, churnam
Middle East stolon diuretic wounds
pieces
Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae India Tree Whole plant Hypoglycaemic, Fever, dyspepsia, Dasamoolarishtam Gmelinol
antiviral, stomachic burning sensation
Gymnema sylvestre R. Asclepiadaceae India, Afganistan, climber vegetatively Whole plant Antidiabetiic Bronchial troubles, Yastyadichurnam, salicylic aldehyde
Br. Iran urinary troubles Yastimadhavadi
thailam
Hedyotis corymbosa Rubiaceae Suffruticose Whole plant Aperient, pectoral, Depression, Mahatiktaka ghritam
(Linn.) Lam. annual refrigerant hepatopathy
Helicteres isora Linn. Sterculiaceae Large shrub Root, bark, fruits Demulcent, lactifuge Gastropathy,
diabetes, dysentery
Heliotropium indicum Boraginaceae Herb roots Errhine Insanity,epilepsy, Vidaryasavam,
Linn. cough Vidaryadi ghritam
Hemidesmus indicus Asclepiadaceae India, Sri Lanka, Twiner Veg. by root Roots, leaves, Antibacterial, antiviral Pita, asthma, skin Sharihanavam -sitosterol, iso
(Linn.) R. Br. Moluccas stem diseases thikthakam kasayam quercetin
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Malvaceae Tropical Africa, Asia Ever green Stem cutting Roots, leaves, Demulcent, febrifuge, Abscesses, 8-nonynoic,
Linn. woody shrub flower emollient urethrorrhea 9- decynoic acids
Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. Malvaceae, Tropical Africa, Seed, leaf Aphrodisiac, Nerve diseases, Gossypelin
Asia, warmer parts antiscorbutic, calcified arteries
of India antibilious
Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. Malvaceae W.Bengal, Root, flower, bark Aperient, Lumbago, ear ache Kaempferol 3-0--
Peninsular India, antirheumatic, D- galatoside,
Andaman &Nicibar resolvent quercetin
islands

Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae Deciduous Bark, leaves, Carminative, Verminosis, uropathy, Kutajaristam,
(Buch.-Ham.) Don tree seeds expectorant, dysentery Kutayatvayadi
anthelmintic leham
Holoptelea integrifolia Ulmaceae Tree
(Roxb.) Planch.
Holostemma ada-kodien Asclepiadaceae India, Sri Lanka, Twiner seed, root roots Antidiabetic, antiviral Bronchial troubles, Vidaryadigaram, -amyrin -
Schult. Burma, W.China cutting urinary troubles Balaristam sitosterol
Homonoia riparia Lour. Euphorbiaceae India shrub Root, fruit, stem Diuretic, Ulcer, piles, chest Putikaranjasavam -spinastoryl
antigonorrhoea, pain, acetate
 antisyphilitic
Hugonia mystax Linn. Linaceae Peninsular india Scandent Root, bark Febrifuge, Swellings, antidote
shrub anthelmintic, for snake bite
antiinflammatory
Hybanthus Violaceae India herb Whole plant
enneaspermus (Linn. f.)
Muell.
Hydnocarpus laurifolia Flacourtiaceae W.ghats Tree Seed oil Antileperotic, diuretic
(Dennst) Sleum.
Hygrophila schulli (Ham.) Acanthaceae India Shrub Roots, leaves, Diuretic, Jaundice, dysentery Kokilaksha, Hygrosterol,
M. R. & S. M. Almeida seeds, ashes antiinflammatory, Talmakhana, (cholesterol or
aphrodisiac Neermulli phytosterol
Ichnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Climbing Leaf, root, stalk Febrifuge, Dyspepsia, tonic, Pinda tailam, Amyrin gylcoside
(Linn.) R. Br. shrub antisyphilitic, skin diseases Sarcbady asavam
Indigofera tinctoria Linn. Papilionaceae India shrub seed Whole plant Antipiretic, Hepatics, heart Nilabhringadi oil Hypoglycaemic
anticephalgic diseases, leucoderma acid
Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. Convolvulaceae India Climber Root Aphrodisiac, Scorpion sting Vidaryadi ghrtam Taxaxerol acetate
galactogenic,
chologogue
Ipomoea pes-tigridis Linn. Convolvulaceae

Ixora coccinea Linn. Rubiaceae Shrub Flower, root Antileucoderma, Dysmenorrhoea, Cemparatyadi Lencocyanimin
antidiarrhoeal, hemoptysis, eye tailam, Parantyadi glycoside
sedative troubles tailam
Jasminum grandiflorum Oleaceae Twining ever Stem cutting Leaves, flower Anthelmintic, diuretic worms, scorpion - Halatyadi tailam, Benzyl alcohol,
Linn. green shrub emmenagogue sting Jatyadi ghrtam benzyl benzoate
Jasminum sambac Ait. Oleaceae India Climbing Stem cutting Whole plant Emmenagogue Mouth affections, Jasmonin,
shrub insanity quercetin
Jatropha curcas Linn. Euphorbiaceae Tropical America, Shrub Nut, whole plant Purgative Scabies, ring worm Curcosones,
India, Andaman & lathyrane
Nicobar islands diterpenes
Jatropha glandulifera Euphorbiaceae S.India, Shrub Oil, root Antirheumatic, Chronic ulcer, Jatropholone,
Roxb. W.Bengal,Andaman antiparalytic, swellings, ring worm fraxetin
& Nicobar islands purgative
Jatropha gossypifolia Euphorbiaceae India Shrub Leaves, bark, Emmenagogue, Eczema, cancer Jatropholones A &
Linn. seed purgative, emetic B
Justicia betonica Acanthaceae Shrub Bark, leaves, Emetic, antiperiodic, Fever, swellings Kizhi for external -sitosterol
root stalks insecticide rheumatism, cough, application
dysentery
Justicia gendarussa Linn. Acanthaceae Under shrub
f.
Justicia wynadensis Acanthaceae W. ghats Under shrub Root, leaves, Emetic, antiperiodic Bronchitis, Essential oil
bark, stalks Inflammation
Kaempferia galanga Linn. Zingiberaceae India Perennial rhizome Tuber Stimulant, Skin diseases, Dasamularistam, n-pentadecane
herb expectorant, diuretic, wounds, bad odour Valiya Rasnadi ethyl – p- methoxy
carminative Kasayam cinnamate
Kaempferia rotunda Linn. Zingiberaceae India Aromatic rhizome tuber Thermogenic, Gastropathy, dropsy, Chyavanasprasam,
herb sialagogue, vulneray ulcer Asokaristam
Lagenaria siceraria Cucurbitaceae India Climber Pulp, leaves Emetic, purgative Jaundice Kacaradi tailam, chondrillasterol
Parantyadi coconut
oil
Lantana camara Linn. Verbenaceae India Ever green seed Whole plant Antirheumatic, Rheumatism, tetanus, Carvone,
var. aculeata Moldenke shrub antimalarial abdominal viscera phellandrene
Lawsonia inermis Linn. Lythraceae India Ever green Whole plant Antibacterial, Skin diseases, boils, lnterlin
shrub antiinflammatory burns
Leea indica Merr. Vitaceae India Shrub Root, leaves Astringent, sudorific, Hyperdipsia,
acrid dysentery, vertigo
Leucas aspera (Willd.) Lamiaceae India Annual herb seed Whole plant Insecticidal, Psoriasis, scabies, Pathadiyadi gulika, Oleanolic acid,
Spr. antipyretic skin diseases Kacaradi oil ursolic acid
Limnophila indica (Linn.) Scrophulariaceae Deccumbent
Druce herb
Limonia acidissima Linn. Rutaceae S.India Deciduous Fruit, leaves oil Antiscorbutic, Sore throat, leprosy, Geranyl
tree antibilious, demulcent skin diseases umbeliferone,
bergapten
Lippia nodiflora Mich. Verbenaceae

Litchi chinensis Sonner. Sapindaceae China, India Fruit, leaves Tonic, bites of Levulinic acid,
animal malic acid
Lobelia nicotianifolia Roth Lobeliaceae W.ghats Leaves, root antiseptic scorpion bite Lobeline,
ex Roem. & Schult. lobelanidine
Macaranga peltata Euphorbiaceae Tree
(Roxb.) Muell.-Arg.
Maesa indica Wall. Myrsinaceae w.ghats Berry, leaves Anthelmintic, Maesa quinone,
antisyphilitic -sitosterol
Mangifera indica Linn. Anacardiaceae Tropics Tree seed Anthelmintic

Maranta arundinacea Zingiberaceae India Herb Rhizome Rhizome Astringent, Dyspepsia,diarrhoea,

Linn. refrigerant, dysentery, cough
aphrodisiac
Melia azedarach Linn. Meliaceae India, Sub Tree seed Bark, leaves Antidiarrhoeal, Scrofula, skin Durvadi tailam, 6-hydroxy -4
Himalaya flower oil deobstruent, diuretic diseases, headache Jatyadi ghrtam stigmasten –3-one

Mentha arvensis Linn. Lamiaceae Japan, J & K, UP, Aromatic sucker oil Carminative, Menthol,
Punjab herb expectorant, menthone
antifungal
Mesua nagassarium Clusiaceae North eastern India Tree Seed Flower oil Antiinflammatory, Anaemia, snake bite, Nagakeshara adi Mesua xanthone A
(Burm. f.) Kosterm. Andaman & CNS depressant piles, dysentery churnam & B, euxanthone
Nicobar islands
Michelia champaca Linn. Magnoliaceae Eastern Himalaya, Ever green seed Bark, root, flower Expectorant, Abscesses, nausea, Liriodenine,
Assam, S.India tree fruit, oil abortifacient, colic parthecocide
contraceptive
Mimosa pudica Linn. Mimosaceae Tropical America, Under shrub seed Root, leaves, Purgative, Hydrocele, sores, Rajatabhasmam, Nor-epi-nephrine
Tropical India stem antidropsical, fistula, piles Yuvatyadi tailam
antiinflammatory
Mimusops elengi Linn. Sapotaceae North Andaman & Tree Seed Bark, flower, Spermicidal, Fever, snake bite Uajradanti -sitosterol
Nicobar islands fruit, seed spasmolytic, diuretic dysentery
Peninsular India
Mirabilis jalapa Linn. Nyctaginaceae Root, leaves, Purgative, Piles, abscesses Beta xanthins,
stem antidropsical, indicaxanthin
antiinflammatory
Mollugo oppositifolia Linn. Aizoaceae Herb

Morinda umbellata Linn. Rubiaceae Bihar, Khari hills, Deciduous Root, leaves, Antidiarrhoeal -hydroxyxanthra
India tree quinone
Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Sub-Himalayan Tree Seed, Root, bark, Abortifacient, giddiness, tetanus, Shigru patrakalka Moringyne -
tracts, UP, India Vegetative leaves, seed spasmolytic, venereal diseases, shgru patra sivaraja sitosterol
antibacterial, dental caries
Mucuna pruriens (Linn.) Papilionaceae India, Andaman & Climber seed Root, leaves, Emmenagogue, Elephantiasis, ulcer L-DOPA,
DC. Nicobar islands seed antichorein, gentathione
vermifuge
Mukia maderaspatana Cucurbitaceae India Climber Root, leaves, Carminative, Vertigo, toothache columbin
(Linn.) M. Roemer tender shoot sudorific, aperient
Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Rutaceae Shrub Bark, root, leaves Febrifuge, tonic, hyperdipsia Kaidaryah drug,
Spreng. stomachic Jatyadi tailam
Musa paradisiaca Linn. Musaceae Tall herb sucker Root, leaves, fruit, Anthelmintic, Blister, burn,
var. sapientum Kuntze stem antiscorbutic, ophthalmopathy
depurative
Mussaenda frondosa Rubiaceae Tropical Himalaya, Scandent Whole plant Vermifuge, diuretic, Swellings, jaundice,
Linn. Dehra Dun shrub antiasthmatic, ulcer
spasmolytic
Myristica fragrans Houtt. Myristicaceae Moluccas, T.N, Tree Seed Seed, aril Antibacterial, Child bearing nervous Jatiphaladi Bati Myristicin, eugenol
Kerala, A.P, Assam antidiarrhoeal, disorder Jatiphaladi churnam
abortifacient,
Naregamia alata Wt. & Meliaceae W.ghats, TN, Under shrub Root, leaves, Cholagogue, Heneicosane, -
Arn. Karnataka stem antibilious sitosterol
Nerium oleander Linn. Apocynaceae India Shrub Seed Root, leaves, bark Cardio tonic, CNS Poisonous, externally Karaviradya taila Oleandrine,
active, spasmolytic for ulcers, leprosy plumericine
Nervilia aragoana Gaud. Orchidaceae Terrestrial Whole plant Galactogogue, Uropathy, lithiasis, Vastyamayanika
orchid diuretic colic ghrtam, Sutavari
ghrtam
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Oleaceae Outer Himalya, Large shrub Leaves Antiinflammatory, -amyrin, -
Linn. Assam, W.Bengal febrifuge, cholagogue sitosterol
Nymphaea rubra Roxb. Nymphaeaceae Warmer India Root stalk, flower Stomachic, Piles, palpitation of
antidiarrhoeal heart
Ochrocarpus longifolius Clusiaceae Tree

Ocimum americanum Lamiaceae Lower hills of India Branched seed Whole plant Carminative, Skin diseases, Citral, methyl-
Linn. herb diaphoretic, stimulant bronchitis, catarrh heptenone
Ocimum basilicum Linn. Lamiaceae Punjab Aromatic seed Flower, seed, root Carminative, Bowel complaints 1,8-cineole,
herb antidysenteric, eugenol
stimulant, demulcent
Ocimum gratissimum Lamiaceae India seed Whole plant Antiparalytic, Seminal weakness,  and - pinene
Linn. antigonorrhoea neuralgia camphene
Ocimum gratissimum Lamiaceae seed
Linn. var. clocimum
Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn. Lamiaceae India Under shrub seed Leaves, root, Expectorant, Ear ache, catarrh, Eugenol, caracol,
seed diaphoretic, genito bronchitis nerol
urinary deseases
Operculina turpethum Convolvulaceae India Climber Root Purgative, antidote, Scorpion sting, snake Coumarin,
(Linn.) S. Manso antiinflammatory bite scopoletin
Opuntia dillenii (Ker- Cactaceae Shrub Stem Whole plant Antigonorrhoeic, Whooping cough, aralinogalactan
Gawler) Haworth cutting antiinflammatory, opthalmia, snake bite
purgative,
Oroxylum indicum (Linn.) Bignoniaceae India Tree Root, bark, fruit, Astringent, Scorpion sting Dasamularistam, Flavones and
Vent. seed carminative, Dhanvantaram glycosides-
purgative, kasayam baicalien
spasmolytic
Orthosiphon stamineus Lamiaceae Herb
Benth.
Ougeinia dalbergioides Papilionaceae Deciduous Bark Astringent, acrid, Inflammatory,
tree sudorific, styptic diarrhoea, fever,
anaemia
Oxalis corniculata Linn. Oxalidaceae Annual or Whole plant Astringent, anodyne, Scurvy, warts, Cangeryadi ghrtam,
perennial antiseptic Pathadi ghrtam
herb
Pavetta indica Linn. Rubiaceae India Root, leaves, Purgative, Jaundice, boils,
wood antidropsical, ulcerated nose
anticephalalgic
Phoenix dactylifera Linn. Arecaceae Dry regions of Tree Fruit, gum, fresh Antiasthmatic, Urinogenital system C-glycosy
Gujarat, Rajastan, sap expectorant, flavones,
Punjab astringent, caffeylshikimic
antidiarrhoeal acid
Phoenix pusilla Gaertn. Arecaceae Coromandal coast Tree Fruit pulp, seed, Febrifuge, Respiratory disorder
gum antidiarrhoeal, urinary disorder
laxative
Phyllanthus amarus Euphorbiaceae Throughout warmer Herb Seed Whole plant Antihepatotoxic, Dyspepsia, jaundice, Jamalakilem Phyllantin,
Schum. & Thonn. parts of India antibacterial ulcer Parutyadi tailam quercetin
Phyllanthus emblica Linn. Euphorbiaceae S.India, Kashmir Tree Seed Root, bark, Antiviral, CVS active Jaundice, eye Triphala churnam Quercetin,
leaves, fruit, trouble, dyspepsia phyllemblin
Physalis minima Linn. Solanaceae India, Himalaya Annual herb Leaves, fruit Diuretic, purgative, Physalins A, B and
antigonorrhoeic X
Pimenta racemosa J. W. Myrtaceae W.Indies, tropical seed Fruit, leaf, oi, Carminative, Sore throat, Eugenol, -pinene
Moore America seed stomachic, antiseptic, pheumonia, nausea
fever
Pinus Roxburghii Sargent Pinaceae Himalaya, Kashmir Coniferous Pine oil Antiseptic, Arthritis, neuralgia,  and -pinene
to Bhutan tree expectorant, cough,
carminative, stimulant
Piper betle Linn. India Perennial Stem cutting Leaves, oil, root Antispasmodic, Night blindness, Rasasinduram, --sitosterol,
root climber carminative, stimulant catarrh, diptheria Akarakarabhadi hentria contane
gulika
Piper chaba Hunter Piperaceae
Piper longum Linn. piperaceae W.India, Nepal, Climber Vegetative Root, dried spikes Antitubercular, Paralysis, stomachic, Thaleesapathradi piperine
W.Ghats anthelmintic, snake-bite churnam
antibacterial
Piper nigrum Linn. Piperaceae Eastern and Climber Vegetative Fruit Antibacterial, Fever, cough, Thaleesapathradi piperine
weatern ghats, TN, anthelmintic, sorethroat, asthma churnam
Keara hypertensive
Pistia stratiotes Linn. Araceae India Whole plant Antitubercular, Ring worm, ear -diaphoretic-
emollient, diuretic complaints, skin Chronic-glycosyl
diseases flavones of
vicenon
Plumbago indica Linn. Plumbaginaceae Native of Sikkim, Herb Vegetative Root Sialogogue, vesicant, Dyspepsia, cough, Thaleesapathradi piperine
India stimulant leprosy churnam

Plumbago zeylanica Linn. Plumbaginaceae India Herb Vegetative Leaves, root Uterine, stimulant, Leprosy, piles, skin Vograj guggul Plumbagin
abortifacient diseases chitrak Adivati
Plumeria rubra Linn. Apocynaceae India Tree Root, bark, Cathartic bechic, Plumercin,
flower, fruit antidontalgic plumicride
Pogostemon patchouli Lamiaceae Stem cutting
Hook. f.
Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae Drier parts of India Tree seed Bark Febrifuge, fungitoxic Asoka ghrtam leucocyanidin
Benth. & Hook. f.
Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Papilionaceae India Tree Seed, veg Leaves, seed, Antibacterial, Dyspepsia, diarrhoea, Nagaradi tailam, Karanjin
Pierre by root root antifungal, beri beri Varanadi Kasayam
insecticidal
Portulaca oleracea Linn. Portulacaceae India Whole plant Depurative, Liver, spleen, kidney l-nor- drenaline
antiscorbutic complaints
Pothos scandens Linn. Araceae Root, stem Antileptic, lactogogue Abscesses, small
pox, snake bite
Premna integrifolia Linn. Verbenaceae Costal regions of Whole plant Antirheumatic, Neuralgia, colic Dhanvantram -sitosterol,
India stimulant, bechic, kasayam, polyisoprenoid
astringent Agastyarasyanam
Premna latifolia Roxb. Verbenaceae India Leaves, bark Diuretic, antidropsical colic

Prunus amygdalus Batsch Rosaceae India Tree Kernal oil Laxative, diuretic, Cephalalgia, pita, olein
lithontriptic cough, liver, spleen
Prunus cerasoides D. Rosaceae Himalaya Large tree Kernal, tender Antilithic, spasmolytic
Don branch
Pseudarthria viscida Papilionaceae India Perennial Root Astringent, Heart diseases, pile
(Linn.) Wt. & Arn. under shrub antibilious,
antirheumatic
Psidium guajava Linn. Myrtaceae Small tree seed Root, leaves, Haemostatic, Haemorrhages, Dasamularistam,
flower, fruit antiemetic diarrhoea, dysentery Agastyarasayanam
Psoralea corylifolia Linn. Papilionaceae India Annual herb Root, leaves, Antidiarrhoeal, Leucoderma, skin Khadiraristam, Chalcones,
seed diaphoretic febrifuge diseases Gopicanadi gulika flavones,
isoflavones
Pterocarpus marsupium Papilionaceae Tropical S.India Tree Seed Leaves, stem, Hypoglycaemic, Boils, sores, skin Majun Barsnd epicatechin
Roxb. bark, heart wood, CVS active diseases Sunun seepari
gum
Pterocarpus santalinus Papilionaceae AP Deciduous seed Heart wood Antibilious, Scorpion sting, head Eudesmol,
Linn. tree diaphoretic, febrifuge ache, skin diseases iso pterocarpolone
Punica granatum Linn. Punicaceae Iran, Afghanistan, Shrub Seed, air Root, seed, antifertility, Strengthens gums, Dadimadi ghrtm Granatin B
India layering flower, fruit antibacterial, vomiting, ulcers punicalin
hypothermic
Raphanus sativus Linn. Brassicaceae Herb Root, leaves, Appetising, Hepatopathy, biliary
seed antibacterial, disorder
anodyne
Rauvolfia serpentina Apocynaceae India Herbaceous Seed Root, seed Antiarrhythmic, Hypertension, Sarpagandhadi Serpentine,
(Linn.) Benth. ex Kurz. under shrub antihypertensive strangury, fever churam reserpine
Rhaphidophora pertusa Araceae Stout climber Stem Carminative, Colonalgia,
Schott astringent, digestive bronchiopathy
Rhinacanthus nastus Acanthaceae Under shrub Whole plant Blister producer, helminthiasis
(Linn.) Kurz. depurative
Ricinus communis Linn. Euphorbiaceae India Tree Seed Root, leaves, Antiprotozoal, Dermatosis, eczema Gound larvahas coumarin
flower, seed anticancer thaila, gound larva
kasayam
Rotula aqautica Lour. Boraginaceae India Root Diuretic, CNS active Piles, stone, venereal Putikaranjasavam,
diseases Traikantaka ghrtam
Rubia cordifolia Linn. Rubiaceae Hilly dists. Of India Climber herb Veg. by Root Antineoplastic, Antidote to cobra, Mahamanjiahthadi Purpurin, manjistin
stem antiinflammatory paralysis, ulcer kasayam
Ruta graveolens Linn. Rutaceae India Herb Veg. by Whole plant, oil Decreases capillary strangury, fever rutin
seed fragility
Saccharum Poaceae Gigantic Stem cutting Root, stem Diuretic, demulcent Haemopathy, dipsia, Sukumara ghrtam,
arundinaceum Retz. grass uropathy sukumara leham
Saccharum spontaneum Poaceae Perennial Stem cutting Root, stem Cooling, diuretic, Uropathy, leprosy, Valiya candanadi
Linn. grass galactogogue gastropathy Sukumara kasayam
Salacia reticulata Wt. Celastraceae India, Andaman & Woody Root Antidiabetic, Veneral diseases, Nisakatekadi Dulcitol,
Nicobar islands climber astringent dysmenorrhoea kasayam proanthocyanidin

Sansevieria Haemodoraceae Coromandal coast Herb Tender shoot, Expectorant Cough

Roxburghiana Schult. rhizome
Santalum album Linn. Santalaceae Dry region of India Tree Seed Heart wood CVS active, Fever, liver, kidney, Valiya candanadi -and - santalol
antibacterial, bladder affections thailam
antifungal
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Caesalpiniaceae India, Andaman & Tree Seed Bark, leaves, Oxytocic, CNS active Sedative, urinary Asokarishtam -sitosterol
Wilde Nicobar islands flower, seed discharges
Sarcostemma acidum Asclepiadaceae W.Bengal Twiner Stem, root Emetic, hypothermic Snake bite, rabid Lupeol acetate
(Roxb.) Voigt. dogs
Saussurea lappa C. B. Asteraceae Kashmir, HP, UP Sub shrub Seed Root CNS depressent, Asthma, vicera, Kottamchukkadi Costunolide,
Clarke antifungal rheumatism tailam sanssurin
Scaevola taccada Goodeniaceae India Shrub Leaves, stem, Anticephalalgia, Sore eyes,
bark, fruit antidiarrhoeal antitumour
Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae Sub Himalayas, Large tree Bark, kernal, oil, Astringent, Burns, skin diseases, Oleic, gadoleic
(Lour.) Oken Kashmir, W.Bengal seed antiinflammatory ulcers acid
Sesbania grandiflora Papilionaceae Assam, W.Bengal Soft wooded seed Bark, leaf juice Astringent, Nasal catarrh, small Methyl ester of
(Linn.) Poiret tree anticephalalgic pox oleanolic acid
Sida acuta Burm. f. Malvaceae Warmer parts of Root, Astringent, febrifuge, Nervous and urinary Dhanvantaram -phenyl
 India stomachic disorder, bowel Balaristam ethylamine,
complaints ephedrine
Sida cordifolia Linn. Malvaceae Plain of India Root, seed Antiparalytic, Colic, Rasnadi kasayam,
aphrodisiac spermotorrhoea, Asvagandhadi
sciatica leham
Sida rhombifolia Linn. Malvaceae Hotter parts of India Sub shrub Whole plant Anabolic, emolient General debility, Krirabala Ephedrine,
ssp. retusa (Linn.) Borss. fever, swellings Dhanvantaram -phenyl
ethylamine
Solanum americanum Solanaceae seed
Mill.
Solanum khasianum C. B. Solanaceae Khasi, Naga hills, Shrub seed Berries Spasmolytic, Oral contraceptive solasodine
Clarke Assam Synthesis of tablets
corticosteroidal
hormone
Solanum melongena Linn. Solanaceae India Perennial seed Seed Stimulant, haemorrhoids Indukantaghrtam, Melongosides A,
var. insanum (Linn.) Prain herb anticholesterolemic Brhatyadi kasayam F,H
Solanum surattense Solanaceae India Perennial seed Root, berry, Antiasthmatic, Sore throat, bechic Kantakanta ghrtm, Solasonine,
Burm. F. under shrub leaves antirheumatic Kanna kasayam solamargine
Solanum torvum Swartz Solanaceae India seed Fruit Spasmolytic Enlargement of solasodine
spleen
Solanum violaceum Solanaceae Dasamularishtam,
Ortega Indukanta ghrtam
Solanum virginianum Solanaceae Brhatyadi kasayam,
Linn. dasamularistam
Sphaeranthus africanus Asteraceae Whole plant Diuretic, alterative, Kumaryasavam, Methyl chavicol, -
Linn. aphrodisiac Surasadi tailam ionone
Sphaeranthus indicus Asteraceae India Herb Whole plant Diuretic, expectorant, Pectoralgia, hernia, Dhanvantaram
Linn. febrifuge, stomachic scrofula ghrtam, Sukumara
kasayam
Spilanthes calva DC. Asteraceae India Antidontalgia, Promotes saliva --amyrin ester
spasmolytic
Spondias pinnata (Linn. Anacardiaceae India Tree Bark, leaves Antidigestive, earache Pancamla tailam, 24-methyl enecy-
f.) Kurz. antiscorbutic Pathadi gulika elortanone
Stereospermum Bignoniaceae India Tree Root, bark, flower Diuretic, hiccup Dashmularistam stercoleusin
suaveolens DC. antiinflammatory,
aphrodisiac,
antibilious
Strychnos nux-vomica Loganiaceae India Tree Seed, Veg Bark, leaves, Spasmolytic, muscle jaundice, Samirgaja keasri Strychnine,
Linn. seed relaxant leucoderma hab khas brucine
Strychnos potatorum Loganiaceae S.India, W. BengalDeciduous Leaves, unripe Diaphoretic, Jaundice, anaemia
Linn. f. tree fruit, seed alexeteric, demulcent
Symplocos cochin- Symplocaceae Himalaya, Kashmir Tree Seed Bark CNS & CVS active, Ophathalmia, Lodrasavam safuf
chinensis (Lour.) S. hypotensive, bleeding of gums, lodh
Moore antiinflammatory menorrhagia
Syzygium aromaticum Myrtaceae India Ever green seed Dried flower, bud Carminative, Dyspepsia, gastric Eugenin,
(Linn.) Merr. tree oil antispasmolytic, irritation triterpene acids
antiemetic, stimulant
Syzygium cumini (Linn.) Myrtaceae India Large tree seed Bud, leaves Astringent, Varahyadi ghrtam,  and  pinene,
Skeels carminative, diuretic, Lohasindusram
 antidiabetic limonene
Syzygium jambos (Linn.) Myrtaceae India Large shrub seed Bark, leaves, fruit Astringent, diuretic Liver complaints, sore -pinene, ocimene
Alst. eyes
Syzygium zeylanicum DC. Myrtaceae India seed Whole plant Stimulant, vermifuge,
antirheumatic
Tabernaemontana Apocynaceae Sub-Himalaya, Shrub cutting Latex, root, flower Antiinflammatory, Sore eyes, skin Coronaridine,
divaricata (Linn.) Roem. & W.Bengal, Assam antidiarhhoeal diseases vocangine
Schult.
Tamarindus indica Linn. Caesalpiniaceae India Tree seed Root,ashes, Antigonorrhoea, Ulcers, ring worm, Hinguracadi Flavone Chronic-
leaves, flower, purgative, wounds, piles churnam, cincadi glycoside-oricutin
fruit, seed antiasthmatic leham
Tectona grandis Linn. f. Verbenaceae India Tree Root, wood, bark Diuretic, anthelmintic, Anuria, swellings, lectoquinone
expectorant, bronchitis,
anticephalalgia
Tephrosia purpurea Pers. Papilionaceae India Root, leaves, Anthelmintic, Liver complaints, Viratasadi kasayam, Appolline,
Perennial herb seed oil alexipharma colic, scabies Grahanyantaka
ghrtam
Terminalia arjuna Wt. & Combretaceae MP, Bihar Tree Seed Bark CVS & CNS active, Ulcer, anaemia, Arjunaghrta, Arjunone,
Arn. diuretic, abortifacient tumours, pimples Arjunarishta Arjungenin
Terminalia bellirica Combretaceae India Tree Seed Bark, kernal, fruit astringent, cardio Anaemia, Partharishta bellaricanin
(Gaertn.) Roxb. tonic, stimulant, leucoderma,
anticancer diarrhoea
Terminalia catappa Linn. Combretaceae India Tree Seed Bark, oil from Diuretic, astringent, Scabies, colic Pentosans, tanins
kernal, leaves cardio tonic
Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae India, sub Tree Seed Fruit, flower, Antispasmodic, Piles, cold, burns, Triphala, Haritaki chebulin
Himalaya, stem, bark hypoglycaemic ophthalmia khand
deciduous forest
Terminalia paniculata Combretaceae Western and Tree Flower, bark Anticholerin, diuretic, parotitis 3’,3’’O-diaphoretic-
Roth eastern ghats cardio tonic methylellaric acid

Terminalia tomentosa Wt. Combretaceae Drier parts of India Tree Bark Cardiac stimulant Callous, ulcer,
& Arn. diarrhoea
Thespesia populnea Malvaceae Ever green Root, bark, fruit, Astringent, Scabies, psoriasis, Aranyatulasyadi Herbacetin,
(Linn.) Sol. ex Corr. tree leaves antibilious, antiviral sprains coconut oil populneol
Tiliacora acuminata Menispermaceae India Root Antidote, CVS active Snake bites Tilia corine,
(Lam.) Miers hypothermic tiliarine
Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae India Climber Stem cutting Stem, leaves, root Antiviral, General debility, skin Amritharishtam
(Willd.) Hook. f. & Thom. shrub hypoglycaemic, diseases, dyspepsia
anticancer
Tinospora malabarica Menispermaceae India Climber Stem, leaves, root Antiviral, General debility, skin Araq Giloe
(Lam.) Miers shrub hypoglycaemic, diseases, dyspepsia
anticancer
Trachyspermum Apiaceae Herb Fruit Emetic, Hiccup, bladder d-limonene,
Roxburghianum (DC.) emmenagogue, troubles -terpinene
Sprague antiasthmatic
Tragia involucrata Linn. Euphorbiaceae Warmer region of Twining herb Root, fruit Diaphoretic, alterative cough, baldness Duralabharishtam, Linoleic acid
India Dasamularishtam
Tribulus terrestris Linn. Zygophyllaceae India Annual or Fruit, leaves Antileprotic, Impotence, strangury, Brhatyadi kasayam, Steroidal
perennial haemostatic burning Himasagar tailam sapogenins
herb
Trichopus zeylanicus Dioscoreaceae India Herb Seed, Leaves, CNS active, Piles, wounds,
suckers hypothermic diuretic
Trichosanthes Cucurbitaceae India Climber Seed Whole plant Cytotoxic against leprosy, pruritus Padula muladi -sitosterol
cucumerina Linn. human carcinomal kasayam
cells
Tridax procumbens Linn. Asteraceae Herb

Trigonella foenum- Papilionaceae Wild India Kashmir, Herb Seed Leaves, seed Diuretic, CNS Bronchitis, piles, Femigrains A -,
graecum Linn. Punjab, Upper depressive, heart diseases femigrekine
Gangetic plains hypotensive
Tylophora indica (Burm. Asclepiadaceae Climber Root, leaves Bacteriostatic, Whooping cough, tylophorinidine
f.) Merr. emetic, cathartic gout, bronchitis
Typha elephantina Roxb. Typhaceae Ripe fruit, Astringent, Ulcer, wound,
rhizome antidysenteric measeles
Typhonium flagelliforme Araceae

Uraria lagopoides (Linn.) Papilionaceae Valiya pancagavga

Desv. ghrtam
Urginea indica Kunth Liliaceae India Herb Veg. Bulb Expectorant, Jaundice, skin Chaudi bhasmam Stigmasterol
cyanogenetic diseases,
haemorrhage
Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Orchidaceae Root, juice Antipyretic, Heals fracture, otitis  and  sitosterol
Hook. ex G. Don
Vanilla planifolia Orchidaceae

Vernonia anthelmintica Asteraceae Herb Seed Anthelmintic, Skin diseases,

Willd. stomachic, diuretic scorpion sting
Vernonia cinerea (Linn.) Asteraceae Annual herb Whole plant Astringent, Malaria, strangury Luteolin –7-mono-
Less. diaphoretic, -D-
antirheumatic glycopyranoside
Vetiveria zizanioides Poaceae India Shrub slips Whole plant CNS active, Fever, ulcer, Vetiselinenol,
(Linn.) Nash antimicrobial strangury khurimol
Vitex negundo Linn. Verbenaceae Stem cutting Antiinflammatory, Catarrh, head ache, Nirgundiyadi -sitosterol, p-
analgesic, CNS piles, ulcer, asthma kasayam hydroxy benzoic
depressant acid
Vitex trifolia Verbenaceae Aromatic Leaves, root, fruit, Antiinflammatory, Amenorrhoea, Vacadi tailam, Friedelin, -
shrub expectorant, sprains, vomiting Rasnadi tailam sitosterol
emmenagogue
Vitis vinifera Linn. Vitaceae Tendril Stem cutting Ripe fruit, leaves, Haematinic, Flatulence, jaundice,
climber stem, flower rejuvenating debility
suppurative
Wedelia chinensis Asteraceae juice of leaves Alterative, Menorrhagia, bechic Nilabhringaditailam,
(Osbeck) Merr. anticephalalgic Narasimharasayana
m
Withania somnifera Solanaceae Drier parts of India Under shrub Seed Root, leaves Anabolic, leucoderma, Aswagandharishtam nicoline
(Linn.) Dunal galactogogue, CNS insomania, fever
 active
Woodfordia floribunda Lythraceae India, Himalaya Shrub Seed Flower Antibiotic, Haemorrhages, ulcer, Dhataki,
Salisb. abortifacient liver Abhayarishtam
Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) Apocynaceae Central peninsular Tree Leaves, bark, Tonic, aphrodisiac, Dysentery, piles, skin Svetakutaja -amyrin
R. Br. India seed febrifuge diseases
Zingiber officinale Rosc. Zingiberaceae Perennial Rhizome Rhizome Antidropscidal, Throat, head, chest Suranadi leham, d-camphene, -
rhizomatous stimulant, stomachic Ardrakaghrtam phellanelrene
herb
Zizyphus rugosa Lam. Rhamnaceae Bark Astringent, Ulcer, menorrhagia Glycoside
antidiarrhoeal zizyphoride
Source: Joy, P. P, Thomas J., Mathew, S., and Skaria, B. P. 2001. Medicinal Plants. In Bose, T. K., Kabir, J., Das, P. and Joy, P. P. 2001.
Tropical Horticulture Vol. 2. Naya Prokash, 206, Bidhan Sarani, Calcutta-700 006, India. Pp 449-632.