Vocational training at SSA, Muzaffarpur

Section – NIB /IP TAX Muzaffarpur

(Training Manual)

Period (……………………………..)

Name of Student-
Name of College –
Contents
1. About Organization
2. Administrative Structure
3. SSA Muzaffarpur at a Glance
4. Introduction to Various services & Technologies
5. General concept of Communication and voice calling
6. Switching system ( IP / MPLS & Circuit switching)
7. NIB & Broadband Network Architecture & elements
8. TDM TAX concepts
9. NGN basics and IP TAX
10. IP Basic and addressing
11.WIMAX
12.MLLN
 1. About Organization

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. was incorporated on 15th september 2000 . It took over the business of
providing of telecom services and network management from the erstwhile Central Government
Departments of Telecom Services (DTS) and Telecom Operations (DTO), with effect from 1st October‘
2000 on going concern basis.It is one of the largest & leading public sector units providing comprehensive
range of telecom services in India.

BSNL has installed Quality Telecom Network in the country & now focusing on improving it, expanding
the network, introducing new telecom services with ICT applications in villages & winning customer's
confidence. Today, it has about 36.42 million line basic telephone capacity, 7.13 million WLL
capacity, 95.96 million GSM capacity, 34,727 fixed exchanges, 1,17,090 GSM BTSs, 9,594
CDMA Towers, 102 Satellite Stations, 7,73,976 RKm. of OFC, 4751 RKm. of microwave
network connecting 646 districts, 4519cities/towns & 6.25 lakhs villages .

BSNL is the only service provider, making focused efforts & planned initiatives to bridge the rural-
urban digital divide in ICT sector. In fact there is no telecom operator in the country to beat its reach
with its wide network giving services in every nook & corner of the country & operates across India
except New Delhi & Mumbai. Whether it is inaccessible areas of Siachen glacier or North-Eastern
regions of the country, BSNL serves its customers with a wide bouquet of telecom services namely
Wireline, CDMA mobile, GSM mobile, Internet, Broadband, Carrier service, MPLS-VPN, VSAT, VoIP, IN
Services, FTTH, etc.

BSNL is one of major service provider in its license area. The company offers wide ranging & most
transparent tariff schemes designed to suit every customer. BSNL has 94.36 million cellular & 1.02
million WLL customers as on 31.10.2016. 3G Facility has been given to all 2G connections of BSNL. In
basic services, BSNL is miles ahead of its rivals, with 13.88 million wireline phone subscribers i.e.
56.96% share of the wireline subscriber base.
BSNL has set up a world class multi-gigabit, multi-protocol convergent IP infrastructure that provides
convergent services like voice, data & video through the same Backbone & Broadband Access
Network. At present there are 21.86 million broadband customers including both wireline & wireless
broadband.

The company has vast experience in planning, installation, network integration & maintenance of
switching & transmission networks & also has a world class ISO 9000 certified Telecom Training
Institute.
During the 2015-16, turnover of BSNL is around Rs. 32,919 Crores.

VISSION:

 Be the leading telecom service provider in India with global presence.

 Create a customer focused organization with excellence in customer care, sales and marketing.
 Leverage technology to provide affordable and innovative telecom. Services/products across customer
segments.
 MISSION:

 Be the leading telecom service provider in India with global presence.

 Creating a customer focused organization with excellence in customer care, sales& marketing .
 Leveraging technology to provide affordable and innovative products/ services across customer segments
 Providing a conducive work environment with strong focus on performance
 Establishing efficient business processes enabled by IT

OBJECTIVES:

 To increasing sales revenue with focus on subscriber retention & acquisition by way of strengthening
sales & marketing, quality of service and customer delivery
 Accelerate the pace of expansion of mobile & data services with up-gradation of technology
 Increasing BSNL visibility in urban, sub-urban and rural areas
 Developing sales and marketing team with attitude towards customer care
 To improve customer care by reducing fault rate, upgrading Customer service Centres (CSCs) and
introducing convergent billing
 Providing a conducive work environment with strong focus on performance to enhance customer
delight towards BSNL services
 Leverage data services to increase BSNL’s customer’s base & revenues by providing higher
bandwidths capabilities for wire line and wireless broadband customers
 To strengthen company’s finances by gainful utilization of its assets through sharing / monetization of
existing infrastructure like land, building and sharing of passive infrastructure like towers etc.
 Creating Wi-Fi Hot Spots and replacing Legacy wire line exchanges by Next Generation Network.
 Expanding the reach of fiber network near to the customer premises particularly in apartment
complexes through FTTH in order to meet the ever increasing bandwidth requirement for both data &
video applications
 To leverage the existing infrastructure of BSNL thereby contributing towards nation building by
facilitating the execution of government programmes and initiatives viz. National Optical Fiber
Network (NOFN), Network for Spectrum (NFS), and dwelling on Smart City concept
 To improve productivity by training and skill development and redeployment of legacy manpower
 Developing knowledge pool exposed to latest technological advancements
 To explore opportunities in international telecom in developing markets
 To become preferred service provider to the Government for reliable and secure service Network and
to serve National security interests
 2. Administrative Structure

CORPORATE
OFFICE

CIRCLE CIRCLE OTHER PROJECT OR

SPECIALISED
CIRCLE

SSA (SERVICE
SWITCHING
AREA)

1. CMD
2. BOARD OF DIRECTORS
SDCA (SHORT
3. EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS
DISTANCE
4. CGMs of different Circles
CHARGING AREA)
5. PGM/Sr GM
6. DGM
7. AGM/DE
8. SDE
9. JTO
3. SSA Muzaffarpur at a Glance

GMTD- General Manager Telecom District

SDCA – 1. Muzaffarpur
2. Sitamarhi
3. Sheohar
4. Motipur
5. Pupri

Different functional units

1. CFA – Consumer Fixed Access

2. CM- Consumer Mobility
3. Administration
4. Planning
5. Commercial
6. ETR- Eastern Telecom Region
7. ETP- Eastern Telecom Project
8. Transmission
9. NIB II
10. TAX level II
11. MLLN
12. Mobile services
13. CDMA services
14. NWO – network operation(SDCA field units)
 4. Introduction to Various services & Technologies

Communication based on application

 Voice Communication
 Data Communication

Communication based on Technology

 Wire line based
1. Basic Phone
2. ISDN
3. Hotline
4. Leased Line
5. EPBAX
6. Centrex
7. Fax
8. IN service
9. Internet & Broadband
10. VPN
11. VAS
12. FTTH

 Wireless based
1. Mobile Service
2. WLL Service
3. WiMax (Wireless Broadband)
4. Leased Line based on CDMA router/Radio modem
5. VSAT
6. DSPT
7. IN service
8. VPN
9. VAS
10. Wi Fi
BSNL Landline

Telephone Facilities

 Phone Plus Services Call Waiting Abbreviated Dialing /Hot Line /Call Transfer (Call Forward)
Automatic Wake-Up/Reminder Call Service Number/Call Hunting Service Calling Line Identification
Presentation (CLIP) Calling Line Identification (CLI) Announcement Service Phone Bell Check Electronic
Locking For STD/ISD Call Conferencing

FLPP (Fixed Line Pre-Paid Telephone)

FLPP (Fixed Line Pre-Paid)Service enables a subscriber to make calls from a prepaid account linked to his telephone
number. Unlike the prepaid card 'ITC' service, where the authentication is done every time through a 16-digit PIN
the authentication of FLPP is linked to his telephone line & the user is not required to dial the Account number/
PIN for authentication making it simpler to use.
service offers:

 Conversion of fixed line to Pre Paid and get rid of telephone bills.
 Easy de-linking from telephone line when prepaid is not required on any number
 No need to dial Account number/ PIN every time you make a call.
 TD/ISD Facility
 On Line balance enquiry
 'Follow on feature' on no reply, busy and called party release to dial another number for subscribers other
than PCO.
 Easy recharge and no problem of bills
 Free Level 1 service like 100, 101, 102 etc. available.
 Free Level 1 IN services which are free to end-customers like Free Phone etc. are available.

Phone Plus Services

Gone are the days when basic telephones was used only to make and receive calls. With the aid of state-of-the-art
digital exchanges, BSNL offers you a host of phone plus services, converting your old basic telephones to a
sophisticated tool which can be used for a variety of applications.

Call Waiting

This facility lets you receive incoming calls even when your telephone is busy. You will get a short duration pip-pip
tone when you are busy talking , indicating that another call is waiting for you , provided you have activated this
facility. You can talk to any one of the callers keeping the other waiting. Complete secrecy of communication
between the two callers is maintained.

Procedure for activation/deactivation:

 Dial 118 and get the acceptance tone similar to the engage tone but with a longer gap between the beeps.
 Dial 119 and get the acceptance tone.

Abbreviated Dialing
You may be calling a few people very frequently. It is possible to program these numbers as abbreviated codes of 1
or 2 digits. A maximum of 20 numbers can be programmed for abbreviated dialing. It is ideal for STD/ISD.

Procedure:

Step 1 Select your short code Choose a short code for the number you dial frequently e.g. '15' for the number
xxxxxx. (if it's std no. std code+xxxxxx)
Step 2 Register short code for a On your telephone dial 110 then the short code followed by the subscriber's
telephone no. number i.e. dial 110 15 xxxxxx.
Step 3 To dial the number using Dial 111 then the short code to dial the number i.e dial 111 15 this will dial
abbreviated code xxxxxx.
To cancel or re-allot the same number Dial 110 15 yyyyyy (new tel. no) this will store code 15 for new number
yyyyyy overwriting the earlier no. xxxxxx.

Hot Line

You may want to be connected directly to a pre-determined number as soon as you lift the hand set even without
dialing. At the same time you may want to have the flexibility to dial any other number of your choice. It is possible
to have this facility in the digital exchanges by the delayed hotline feature. The number of your choice can be
programmed by the exchange staff at your request. After doing so if you lift the telephone and do not dial within 5
seconds , you will be automatically connected to the programmed number. However if you start dialing with in 5
seconds , you can make an outgoing call as usual.

Call Transfer (Call Forward)

Useful for very mobile persons who may not want to miss incoming calls. Using this facility Calls can be forwarded
to another telephone number designated by you.

Procedure for activation/deactivation:

 Dial 114 followed by the telephone number for which the call is to be transferred. He will get the
acceptance tone.
 Dial 115 and wait for acceptance tone.

Automatic Wake-Up/Reminder Call Service

When you want to be given reminder at a specific time, all you have to do is to call the exchange and leave the time
you want to be reminded. The facility allows you to initiate a call automatically by the exchange at a fixed time
specified by the user of the telephone.

 Dial 116 (the registration code) followed by the time you wish to be reminded or worken-up at
06.15am(06.15hrs), you will dial 1160615.
 Dial 117 (the cancellation code) followed by the time you booked the call.

Number/Call Hunting Service

If you have more than one telephone line, this facility is very helpful for your caller. If the called line is engaged,
your caller does not have to disconnect and dial other line(s). This facility automatically transfers the incoming call
to whichever line is free.

Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP)

The subscriber has to buy separately the CLIP display device from market. Using this facility you can see the
number of the calling party before lifting your telephone. Very useful to trace malicious caller. However, the CLIP
instrument shall be procured and installed by the users themselves.

Calling Line Identification (CLI) Announcement Service

Dial 164 and listen to the number of the phone line that you have used to make the call. Very useful when in doubt
about your phone number.

Phone Bell Check

Dial 161 and after a few second replace the hand set. Your phone will ring very soon. Useful for checking
functioning or adjusting volume of bell of your phone.

Electronic Locking For STD/ISD

For 100% protection against improper use, you can lock your telephone electronically. Here, you only know the
secret code. You can lock/allow Local, STD or ISD calls in many way viz. all calls allowed, only local calls
allowed, only STD & Local calls allowed, all outgoing calls barred etc.

Call Conferencing

With this service telephonic conference can be set up within 3 or more parties. This service is available subject to
technical feasibility.

IN Services

 Universal ITC-
 UAN Service

Universal Access Number service

 A call to a service subscriber will be paid by the calling party or split between the calling and called party.
 Service is accessible from networks of other Operators also
 11 digit number 1860-XYZ-ABCD
 There are two types of UAN Services offered to Customers.
 The service is an ideal business promotion tool for business communities who want the people to call them
without any hassle
 Hospitals, Educational institutes, NGO, Law firms
 Medium and small firms

Toll Free Numbers/Services

 This service shows the new function in charging, a call to a service subscriber will be paid by the called
party.
 All charges are levied on the service subscriber.
 The service is free of any charge to the calling user.
 Service is accessible from networks of other Operators also
 11 digit number 1800-XYZ-ABCD

 Enterprises or organizations with large customer base or having call centers.

 Retail products and services Industry.
 Ideal for hotels and restaurants.
 Companies providing after sales support as customers associate a Free phone number with the quality of
the business products or services
 whole business community in general

VPN Services

 What is true of all VPNs is that they provide connectivity between two or more places using a previously
established, shared network infrastructure rather than having to deploy new, dedicated hardware
specifically for this purpose.
 Combined voice VPN can be provided for fixed line telephones of BSNL/MTNL and BSNL mobile.
 Use this service by dialing short codes to have a private network using public network resources.
 This service brings down telephone bills due to special package tariff for calls within VPN.
 11 digit number 1801-XYZ-ABCD
 Good for institutions, Government departments and businesses.
 All type of companies, distributors, firms, institutions, housing society et

Televoting Services
  Televoting is unique service used in collecting public opinion.
 A user who wishes to vote, can dial the specific voting number to register his vote of choice.
 Televoting is possible from STD barred phones also.
 Televoting is a more cost-effective method of democratic deliberation as it does not require the
participants/voter to meet in person.
 Televoting numbers are 13 digit number :
 1803-424-ABCD-XY (no charge to voter, service subscriber to pay)
 1861-424-ABCD-XY (unit pulse charge to voter)
 1862-424-ABCD-XY (two pulse charge to voter)

PRI/BRI/DialUp Internet

ISDN Has emerged as a powerful tool worldwide for provisioning of different services like voice, data and image
transmission over the telephone line through the telephone network. ISDN is being viewed as the logical extension
of the digitalization of telecommunication network and most developed countries are in different stages of
implementing ISDN.

An ISDN subscriber can establish two simultaneous independent calls (except when the terminal equipment is such
that it occupies two 'B' channels for one call itself like in video conferencing etc.) on existing pair of wires of the
telephone line (Basic rate ISDN) where as only one call is possible at present on the analog line /telephone
connection. The two simultaneous calls in ISDN can be of any type like speech, data, image etc. The call setup time
for a call between two ISDN subscribers is very short, of the order of 1 to 2 seconds. ISDN also supports a whole
new set of additional facilities, called Supplementary Services.

Services Offered By ISDN

 Normal Telephone & Fax (G3)

 Digital Telephone -with a facility to identify the calling subscriber number and other facilities.
 G4 Fax
 Data Transmission at 64 Kbps with ISDN controller card
 Video Conferencing at 128 Kbps
 Video Conferencing at 384 Kbps (Possible with 3 ISDN lines)
 ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) or PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit)

Types of Accesses

There are two types of "accesses" (connections) for ISDN.

Basic Rate Access(BRA): 2B+D

 2 Channels of 64 Kbps for Speech And Data.

 1 Channel of 16 Kbps for Signalling

Primary Rate Access (PRA): 30 B+D

 30 Channels of 64 Kbps for speech and data.

 1 Channel of 64 Kbps for signalling.

DialUP Internet
  BSNL provides the following types of connections to access Internet to customer. To get any of these
connections, please contact BSNL Telecom Office or Customer Care Center in your city:
 PSTN dial up access
 . With Sancharnet dialup account you get all india roaming advantage which is not available with any other
ISP because you can access sancharnet internet by dialing '172233' from any city in India.

Direct Internet Access (DIAS)

 BSNL also provides DIAS in selected cities of the Country. The DIAS offers a wire-line solution for high
speed symmetrical Internet access on the existing telephone lines. It provides an "always on" internet
access that is permanently available at customer's premises. DIAS combines voice and internet data
packets on a single twisted pair wire at subscriber premises that means you can use telephone and surf
internet at the same time.

Other Services

 EPABX The BSNL will permit interested parties to have a group EPABX on shared basis in large
multistoried building/office/department/commercial/industrial establishment and residential premises.

 CENTREX It is central office based communication service, which integrates all your multi located
telephone lines (Existing and New) into a single highly functional communication group with more
distinctive features without any additional equipment (like EPABX) at your premises. Highly cost effective,

 Audio/Video Confrencing Video Conferencing service allows multiple participants to converse with each
other regardless of their location through the video end-points or Personal computers. It involves Video
and Audio communication. It's about connecting people. A video conference subscriber can add two or
more video participants in a particular conference. The customers can schedule their video conferences
through the Web. The video conferencing service can be availed by any user through IP or ISDN interface.

Mobile Services

GSM

 Voice Mail Service

 Short Message Service (SMS)
 Group Messaging
 National and International Roaming
 Call forwarding
 Corporate Virtual Private Network
 Call conferencing
 Friend and Family Talk
 Call waiting and Call holding facility
 In services like Prepaid cards, Universal Access No.split charging,VPN etc.
 Wireless Application Protocol(WAP): Surf WAP enabled websites on Internet using this service.
  Unified Messaging Services: Integrate your Mobile phone with the Internet and access your e-mails, faxes,
voice mail etc on your mobile phone.

 Mobile Number Portability (MNP) is the facility for users to switch to any mobile operator in the same
Licensed Service Area (LSA), while retaining their existing mobile number

BSNL offers Blackberry services for its mobile customers. All the existing mobile subscribers can avail
Blackberry services on existing mobile connection by asking for Blackberry Services.

GSM (GSM PCO)

WLL Service
CDMA Mobile

CDMA Fixed

CDMA Data Card (1x and EVDO)

EVDO Router/WiFi

Broadband
BSNL has a world class, multi-gigabit, multi-protocol, convergent IP infrastructure through National Internet
Backbone, through which it is providing convergent services through the same backbone and broadband access
network. The Broadband service is available on ADSL technology (on the same copper cable that is used for
connecting telephone), on a countrywide basis.

In terms of infrastructure for broadband services NIB has put India at par with most advanced nations. The services
that are supported includes:

 Always-on broadband access to the Internet for residential and business customers
 Content based services
 Internet Protocol TV (IPTV)
 Games on Demand
 Music and Video on Demand

Major Highlights of Broadband Service

 High speed Internet connectivity (upto 24 Mbps)

 Virtual Private Network (VPN) service to the broadband customers
 Pre-paid and post paid broadband services.

Technical Capability of the Backbone

The Broadband Service is being given through the state of the art Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) based IP
Infrastructure, which is designed to provide reliable routes to cover all possible destinations within and outside the
country. Layer 1 of the network consist of a high speed Backbone comprising of 29 powerful Core Routers
connected with high speed 2.5 Gbps(STM-16) links. The routers are located on the national DWDM network
interfacing at STM-16 optical level to provide for high transmission speeds.
WiMAX
is a unique technology being deployed by BSNL for the first time in India. This technology provides fixed as well as
fully mobile high speed broadband connectivity alongwith roaming feature. It provides users a thrilling Internet
browsing experience.

Connecting to WiMAX :

BSNL offers large variety of Customer Premises Equipments ( CPE) including Outdoor, Indoor and USB dongles
from which customers can choose as per their application requirements.

Indoor :Best suited for Home/Office users. Can be used in moving vehicle also
Dongle:Small Dongle can be connected directly to PC / Laptop via USB port.
Outdoor:Suitable for remote and rural areas. Can be used upto 15 Km distance (Line of sight) from BTS site.

BSNL WiMAX offers

 Internet browsing at lightning speed

 Data Download/Upload at very high speed upto 7Mbps
 Superior Performance
 World’s latest wireless broadband technology
 Very low cost and low starting tariff
 Wide range of User friendly plans

 High speed broadband connectivity upto 7Mbps

 Leased Lines
 VPN Services
 Web based Video Conferencing

Fibre to the Home (FTTH)

is a unique technology being deployed by BSNL for the first time in India. The fibre connectivity having unlimited
bandwidth and state of the art technology provides fix access platform to deliver the high speed broadband from 256
Kbps to 100 Mbps, IPTV having different type of contents like HDTV and future coming 3D TV and range of voice
telephony services. It provides a comprehensive solution for the IP leased line, internet, Closed User Group (CUG),
MPLS-VPN, VoIP, video conferencing, video calls etc whatever the services available on the internet platform,
bandwidth on demand can be delivered by this connectivity to the without changing the access fibre and home
device. Customer will get a CPE called Home Optical Network Termination (HONT) consist of 4X100 Mpbs
Ethernet ports and 2 normal telephone ports. Each 100 Mbps ports will provide broadband, IPTVs, IP Video call and
leased line etc as required by the customers. Customer will get power back unit having full load backup of four
hours and normal backup of three days. This power backup will be AC input and connecting to the HONT on 12V
DC.

Connectivity via FTTH:

BSNL will extend fibre from its nearest Central Office (CO) location directly or through franchisee and install
HONT and battery backup at the customers identified locations. The services such as Voice, Broadband, IPTV etc.
will be enabled as per the customer”s request plans for the same.
The services over FTTH:

Basic internet Access Service controlled and uncontrolled from 256Kbps to 1000Mbps.

 TV over IP Service (MPEG2).

 Video on Demand (VoD)(MPEG4) play like VCR
 Audio on Demand Service
 Bandwidth on Demand (User and or service configurable)
 Remote Education
 Point to Point and Point to Multi Point Video Conferencing, virtual classroom
 Voice and Video Telephony over IP: Connection under control of centrally located soft switches
 Interactive Gaming
 VPN on broadband
 Dial up VPN Service
 Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)

MPLS VPN
Keeping pace with the technological trend to provide latest and varied value added services to its customers, BSNL
harnesses IP Infrastructure based on MPLS Technology to offer world class IP VPN services. MPLS is an acronym for
"Multi Protocol Label Switching".

MPLS VPN is a technology that allows a Service Provider like BSNL to have complete control over parameters that
are critical to offering its customers service guarantees with regard to bandwidth throughputs, latencies and
availability. The technology enables secure Virtual Private Networks (VPN) to be built and allows scalability that
will make it possible for BSNL to offer assured growth to its customers without having to make significant
investments. BSNL would now be geared to provide Bandwidth on demand, Video Conferencing, Voice Over IP
(VoIP) and a host of other value added services that could revolutionize the way a corporate business works!

MPLS based VPNs reduce customer networking complexity, costs and totally do away with the requirement of in-
house technical work force. Rather than setting up and managing individual point-to-point circuits between each
office using pair of Leased Lines, MPLS VPN customers need to provide only one connection from their office
router to a service provider edge router.

BSNL has tied up with various Networking solution providers to provide end-to-end solution to its valued
customers, including Customer End (CE) routers and other networking components.

Advantages of MPLS VPN over other Technologies:

BSNL's primary objectives in setting up the BGP/MPLS VPN network are:

 Provide a diversified range of services (Layer 2, Layer 3 and Dial up VPNs) to meet the requirements of
the entire spectrum of customers from Small and Medium to Large business enterprises and financial
institutions.
 Make the service very simple for customers to use even if they lack experience in IP routing.
 Make the service very scalable and flexible to facilitate large-scale deployment.
 Provide a reliable and amenable service, offering SLA to customers
 Capable of meeting a wide range of customer requirements, including security, quality of Service (QOS)
and any-to-any connectivity.
 Capable of offering fully managed services to customers.
  Allow BSNL to introduce additional services such as bandwidth on demand etc over the same network.

VSAT

VSAT is a Very Small Aperture Terminal , aligned towards a designated Satellite for up-linking and down-linking
communication signals.

Anywhere connectivity is made possible even at those locations, which can not be connected through conventional
media like copper cable, optical fibre, radio, microwave and any other wire-line / wireless links. VSAT is a versatile
solution, not only as a reliable primary link for non feasible areas, but also as a very successful alternate technology
for back link. It also offers plethora of telecom services viz. data transfer, internet, voice, video etc.

BSNL has footprints for supporting 512Kbps and above data rate anywhere in the main land and partly at the
islands. Presently Express AM1 Satellite is in use for BSNL VSAT service. BSNL offers you the full advantage of
satellite technology for non feasible areas and also seamlessly interconnect the existing MPLS-VPN and MLLN
leased lines. Only BSNL has the unique capability to reach nook and corner of India.

The BSNL VSAT Broadband Services on a single platform is a boon to the Corporate bodies, Banking Sector,
Hospitals, Stock Exchanges, Educational Institutions, Government, Defence, Airlines, Mining Corporations, Power
Projects etc. for quick network deployment including inaccessible remote areas.

Services offered through BSNL VSAT

 BSNL VSAT is a single platform for all your communication needs like:
 Leased Lines starting from 4Kbps onwards
 High speed Broadband Internet
 IP Multicasting, Video Conferencing
 Voice Telephone, Facsimile

Components of VSAT

The VSAT hardware consists of IDU and ODU .

 The IDU (In-Door Unit) is a satellite modem which converts IP signals into radio signals.
 The ODU (Out-Door Unit) consists of Dish antenna, up converter, and amplifier.
 Antenna sizes: 1.2m/1.8m/2.4m

Salient features of BSNL VSAT

 Trans / Receive Data rates of 512 Kbps and above

 10/100 Mbps Ethernet Interface
 Voice Telephony with add on ATA (Analog Telephone Adaptor)
 Very minimal power consumption: 75W
 Sleek and Compact IDU (Table mountable), occupies very little space of 25 cm x 21cm x 6cm
Unique features of BSNL VSAT in comparison with others

 Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

 Unique MAC Address for IDU
 Dynamic control of power to combat the rain attenuation
 Seamless interconnectivity with BSNL MLLN, Internet, MPLS-VPN Networks
 Single window for any telecom solution

Technology of BSNL VSAT

 Frequency band - Ku band ( Uplink: 14GHz, Dn link: 11GHz)

 Outbound Link - OFDM
 Inbound Link - TDMA
 Modulation - QPSK
 Coding - Turbo Product Coding
 Multiplex Technology - OFDMA with TDM Overlay

MLLN

Leased Line services with flexible access bandwidth

The MLLN is a Managed Leased Line Network system which is proposed to provide Leased line connectivity.
With the State-of-the-art technology equipment, MLLN is designed mainly for having effective control and monitor
on the leased line so that the down time is very much minimised and the circuit efficiency is increased thus
achieving more customer satisfaction. This mainly deals with data circuits ranging from 64 KBPs to 2048 KBPs.

In MLLN network conventional PCM primary MUX and subscriber Modems are replaced by versatile MUX and
network terminating units respectively. MLLN mainly consists of Digital Cross Connect (DXC), versatile MUX (V
MUX), Network Terminating Units (NTU) and Network Management System(NMS). DXC's and VMUX's are inter
connected via optical fibre links with alternate routing facility in case of any route failure. VMUX is in turn
connected to NTU's placed at customer premises through 2 wire copper pair. At the top of it NMS is suitably placed
at the Central location for effective control & monitor. NTUs are fully managed from NMS. They are programmable
for different data speeds ranging from 64 KBPs (n x64 KBPs: nx1 to 32) depending upon the customer demand, thus
having bandwidth control without changing Modem at his premises. NTUs operate on 230 V AC.

Features of MLLN

 Control, Manage the leased line network

 Bandwidth management as per the customer demand
 Pro-active maintenance, without waiting for customer to book a complaint.
 Self Diagnostic/software loops to check E1 connectivity to DXC, VMUX/software loops for checking
copper pair at NTU point for immediately identifying the faulty section for trouble shooting .
 Alternate routing in case of any route failure.
 Generation of the periodic performance reports for self-analysis/customer.

Advantages to Custoemrs:

 Bandwidth management as per customer requirement(64 Kbps and nx 64 Kbps up to to 2048 Kbps ).
 Saving the cost of modems. NTU is provided by BSNL without any charges.
  Proactive maintenance
 Time dependent bandwidth

Time Dependent bandwidth:- MLLN system is capable of providing deferential time dependent bandwidth
on request. Following parameters shall be considered which accepting the request.

Bandwidth management: Bandwidth up-gradation shall be allowed. The down-gradation is not permitted.
For example, a 512 Kbps circuit may be allowed to become 1024 Kbps for a minimum 6 hours per day(other 18
hours it may remain as 512 Kbps), but a 512 Kbps circuit cannot be downgraded to 128 Kbps for any period in the
day.

Global Audio/Video Conferencing

BSNL has launched Global Audio conferencing Service in association with British Telecom (BT). It is an easy to
use, reservation-less conferencing service aimed at Enterprise customers.The Enterprise customer has to subscribe
the service by filling a form as application. There are no charges for service subscription. Charges are only for the
usage of the service. Presently following two services are being offered by BSNL.

Global Audio Conferencing

Global Web Conferencing
OSI LAYER
Open System Interconnection

Provides a conceptual framework for communication between computers /nodes or one device
to another device over a network

A set of seven layers that define the different stages that data flow
 Data Encapsulation –
Process of adding a header to wrap the data that flow down the OSI model

Five stages

OSI Layer Data Encapsulation

Upper Layer Application layer(7) Creates data from User
(Application Set) input
Presentation layer(6)

Session Layer(5)

Lower Layer Transport layer(4) Data to segment

(Transport Set)
Network layer(3) Segment to packet

Data link layer(2) Packet to Frame

Physical Layer(1) Frame to Bits

TCP/IP Protocol Suite

 Protocol

Application layer

i) Interacts with operating systems or application

ii) This layer is closest to users
iii) When the users chooses to transfer file, read messages or
perform other network related activities
iv) Protocol SMTP, SNMP, NCP, SMB

Presentation layer
 i) Takes the data provided by the application layer
ii) Converts into a standard format that the other layer can understand
iii) Defines coding and conversion function
iv) Data compression and encryption scheme
v) MPEG, JPG, ASCII, EBCDIC, GIF, TIFF, JPEG

Session Layer

i) Establishes, manages, maintains and terminates communications

Between software programs on network nodes
ii) Provides error reporting for the above two layers
iii) NFS, SQL, RPC, ZIP

Transport layer

i) Maintains flow control of data

ii) Error checking
iii) Recovery of data between devices
iv) Looks data is coming from more than one application and integrates into
single stream for physical link
v) Protocol TCP/UDP

Network layer

i) The way the data will be sent to the recipient device – determined
ii) Defines logical addressing for nodes/segments
iii) Logical protocols, routing and addressing are handled here
iv) The header added by this layer contains network address so it can be
routed through on inter network
v) It transmits packets
vi) Routers operates at this layer
vii) Routing protocol –OSPF, RIP, BGP

Data link layer

i) defines physical addressing ,network topology

 ii) sequencing of frames and flow control
iii) maintains frame
LAN specifications – Ethernet, FE, Token Ring, FDDI
WAN specifications- Frame relay, PPP, x.25

Physical Layer

i) provides physical between communications network systems

ii) it transmits bits to transmission media, voltage level, physical data
rate, transmission distance, connectors etc
LAN specifications – Ethernet, FE, Token Ring, FDDI
WAN specifications- HSSI, V.24, V.35, RS 232, BRI

The Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA) originally developed Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) to interconnect various defense department computer networks.
The Internet, an international Wide Area Network, uses TCP/IP to connect government and educational
institutions across the world. TCP/IP is also in widespread use on commercial and private networks. The
TCP/IP suite includes the following protocols

Data Link Layer

ARP/RARP Address Resolution Protocol/Reverse Address

DCAP Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol

Network Layer

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

ICMP/ICMPv6 Internet Control Message Protocol

IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol

IP Internet Protocol version 4

IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6

MARS Multicast Address Resolution Server

PIM Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM)

RIP2 Routing Information Protocol

RIPng for IPv6 Routing Information Protocol for IPv6

RSVP Resource ReSerVation setup Protocol

VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

Transport Layer

ISTP

Mobile IP Mobile IP Protocol

RUDP Reliable UDP

TALI Transport Adapter Layer Interface

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

UDP User Datagram Protocol

Van Jacobson compressed TCP

XOT X.25 over TCP

Session Layer

BGMP Border Gateway Multicast Protocol

Diameter

DIS Distributed Interactive Simulation

DNS Domain Name Service

ISAKMP/IKE Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol

and Internet Key Exchange Protocol

iSCSI Small Computer Systems Interface

LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

MZAP Multicast-Scope Zone Announcement Protocol

NetBIOS/IP NetBIOS/IP for TCP/IP Environment

Application Layer

COPS Common Open Policy Service

FANP Flow Attribute Notification Protocol

Finger User Information Protocol

FTP File Transfer Protocol

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

IMAP4 Internet Message Access Protocol rev 4

IMPPpre/IMPPmes Instant Messaging and Presence Protocols

IPDC IP Device Control

IRC ·Internet Relay Chat Protocol

ISAKMP Internet Message Access Protocol version 4rev1

ISP

NTP Network Time Protocol

POP3 Post Office Protocol version 3

Radius Remote Authentication Dial In User Service

RLOGIN Remote Login

RTSP Real-time Streaming Protocol

SCTP Stream Control Transmision Protocol

S-HTTP Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol

SLP Service Location Protocol

SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

SOCKS Socket Secure (Server)

TACACS+ Terminal Access Controller Access Control System

TELNET TCP/IP Terminal Emulation Protocol

TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol

WCCP Web Cache Coordination Protocol

X-Window X Window

Routing

BGP-4 Border Gateway Protocol

EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol

EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

HSRP Cisco Hot Standby Router Protocol

IGRP Interior Gateway Routing

NARP NBMA Address Resolution Protocol

NHRP Next Hop Resolution Protocol

OSPF Open Shortest Path First

TRIP Telephony Routing over IP

Tunneling

ATMP Ascend Tunnel Management Protocol

L2F The Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol

L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol

PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol

Security

AH Authentication Header

ESP Encapsulating Security Payload

TLS Transport Layer Security Protocol