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AQA TRILOGY
ELECTRICITY
Q1-6 FOUNDATON
Q3-9 HIGHER
Page 1 of 29
Q1.
Some ceiling lights in the home are connected to the mains by a two-core cable.
Figure 1
(a) Suggest why some ceiling lights do not have an earth wire.
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(2)
(b) Write down the equation that links charge flow, current and time.
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(1)
(c) There is a current of 2.95 A in one of the copper wires for 60 seconds.
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(d) Figure 2 shows a current potential difference graph for a piece of copper wire.
Figure 2
Page 2 of 29
Draw another line on Figure 2 for a wire with a different resistance.
(2)
Some fuses have a thin piece of copper that melts if the current is too large.
(1)
(f) Describe how the movement of the copper particles in the wire changes when
copper melts.
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(2)
(g) Old copper wires are melted when they are recycled.
Page 3 of 29
Calculate the energy needed to melt 500 kg of copper at its melting point.
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Energy = _________________ J
(3)
(Total 13 marks)
Q2.
Figure 1 shows the circuit symbol for three different components.
Figure 1
A B C
(1)
A B C
(1)
(c) In which component will the resistance decrease when the temperature increases?
A B C
(1)
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(d) In which component will the resistance decrease when the light intensity increases?
A B C
(1)
Figure 2
(e) Two of the arrangements are in series and two are in parallel.
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(2)
P Q R S
(1)
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P Q R S
(1)
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Q3.
Figure 1 shows a three pin plug connected to the cable of a metal toaster.
Figure 1
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(1)
Page 6 of 29
Tick one box.
(1)
What is the potential difference between the live and neutral wires?
(1)
Figure 2
Give two differences between the alternating supply and the direct supply.
1. _________________________________________________________________
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2. _________________________________________________________________
(2)
Figure 3 shows the percentage energy losses over the National Grid for different years.
Figure 3
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(2)
(f) Calculate the mean percentage energy loss per year in Figure 3.
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Mean energy loss per year = ____________________ %
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
Q4.
A student investigated how length affects resistance of a wire.
Figure 1
Meter X ____________________
Meter Y ____________________
(2)
Resistance in Ω
(b) For which length of wire are the readings of resistance the most precise?
Length = ____________________ m
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Reason ____________________________________________________________
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(2)
(c) Why did the student do three tests and calculate a mean?
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(1)
(d) Write the equation that links current, potential difference, and resistance.
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(1)
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Resistance = ____________________ Ω
(3)
Figure 2
Page 10 of 29
(f) What is the label for each axis of the graph?
x-axis ______________________________________________________________
y-axis ______________________________________________________________
(2)
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(1)
(Total 12 marks)
Q5.
An energy input of 1.3 × 1018 J is supplied each year by power stations to the National
Grid.
Not all of this energy is supplied to consumers. Some of the energy is wasted in the
distribution process.
(a) Write the equation which links efficiency, total input energy transfer and useful output
energy transfer.
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(1)
Page 11 of 29
Calculate the efficiency of the distribution process.
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Efficiency = _______________________
(2)
(c) How is electrical power transmitted across the National Grid to make the process as
efficient as possible?
(1)
(d) Write the equation which links energy transferred, power and time.
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(1)
(e) A wind turbine supplies a power output of 8000 kW for 1200 seconds.
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Page 12 of 29
generate electricity in the UK.
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(4)
(Total 12 marks)
Q6.
A light dependent resistor (LDR) is connected in a circuit.
(1)
(b) A student investigated the relationship between current and potential difference for
an LDR.
How should the student have connected the ammeter and voltmeter in the circuit?
Ammeter Voltmeter
Page 13 of 29
in parallel with LDR in series with LDR
(1)
(c) The student concluded that the current in the LDR is inversely proportional to the
potential difference across the LDR.
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(2)
(d) The student repeated the investigation with the LDR in constant dark conditions.
Sketch on the diagram above the graph for the LDR in constant dark conditions.
(2)
current = 12.5 mA
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(e) Write down the equation that links current, potential difference and resistance.
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(1)
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Resistance = _____________ Ω
(4)
(Total 11 marks)
Q7.
The picture shows an electric bicycle. The bicycle is usually powered using a combination
of the rider pedalling and an electric motor.
(a) A 36 volt battery powers the electric motor. The battery is made using individual
1.2 volt cells.
(i) Explain how a 36 volt battery can be produced using individual 1.2 volt cells.
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(2)
Page 15 of 29
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(1)
(iii) When fully charged, the battery can deliver a current of 5 A for 2 hours. The
battery is then fully discharged.
Show clearly how you work out your answer and give the unit.
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(b) When powered only by the electric motor, the bicycle can carry a 90 kg rider at a
maximum speed of 6 m/s. Under these conditions, the maximum distance that the
bicycle can cover before the battery needs recharging is 32 km.
(i) Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the bicycle and rider when the rider
is not pedalling.
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(ii) The bicycle can be fitted with panniers (bags) to carry a small amount of
luggage.
What effect would fitting panniers and carrying luggage have on the distance
the bicycle can cover before the battery needs recharging?
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Q8.
The picture shows an electric cooker hob. The simplified circuit diagram shows how the
four heating elements connect to the mains electricity supply. The heating elements are
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identical.
When all four heating elements are switched on at full power the hob draws a current of
26 A from the 230 V mains electricity supply.
(a) Calculate the resistance of one heating element when the hob is switched on at full
power.
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Resistance = _______________ Ω
(3)
(b) The table gives the maximum current that can safely pass through copper wires of
different cross-sectional area.
1.0 11.5
2.5 20.0
4.0 27.0
6.0 34.0
The power sockets in a home are wired to the mains electricity supply using cables
containing 2.5 mm2 copper wires. Most electrical appliances are connected to the
mains electricity supply by plugging them into a standard power socket.
Page 17 of 29
It would not be safe to connect the electric cooker hob to the mains electricity
supply by plugging it into a standard power socket.
Why?
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(2)
(c) Mains electricity is an alternating current supply. Batteries supply a direct current.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q9.
Table 1 shows information about different light bulbs.
Table 1
Input power in
Type of bulb Efficiency
watts
Halogen 40 0.15
Compact
fluorescent 14 0.42
(CFL)
LED 7 0.85
(a) (i) Calculate the useful power output of the CFL bulb.
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Useful power output = _______________ watts
(2)
(ii) Use your answer to part (i) to calculate the waste energy produced each
second by a CFL bulb.
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(b) (i) A growth cabinet is used to investigate the effect of light on the rate of growth
of plants.
A cooler unit is used to keep the temperature in the cabinet constant. The
cooler unit is programmed to operate when the temperature rises above
20 °C.
Changing from using halogen bulbs to LED bulbs would reduce the cost of
running the growth cabinet.
Explain why.
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(4)
(ii) A scientist measured the rate of growth of plants for different intensities of
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light.
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(1)
(c) Table 2 gives further information about both a halogen bulb and a LED bulb.
Table 2
Compare the cost efficiency of buying and using halogen bulbs rather than a LED
bulb over a time span of 48 000 hours of use.
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(4)
(Total 12 marks)
Page 20 of 29
Mark schemes
Q1.
(a) (casing is) not made of metal
allow (casing is) made of plastic
allow they are double insulated
1
(c) Q = 2.95 × 60
an answer of 177 scores 2 marks
1
Q = 177 (C)
allow 180 (C)
1
(e)
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[13]
Q2.
(a) A
1
(b) C
1
(c) C
1
(d) B
1
a parallel circuit has a branch(es) to provide more than one path / loop
allow answers that describe the difference in terms of
potential difference, current or resistance
1
(f) R
1
(g) P
1
(h) Q = 0.97 × 60
1
Q = 58.2 (C)
1
Q = 58 (C)
an answer of 58 (C) scores 3 marks
1
[11]
Q3.
(a) earth
1
(c) 230 V
1
(d) (the potential difference) for the alternating supply changes direction
allow current
1
Page 22 of 29
allow potential difference of alternating supply is greater
1
1.77(%)
an answer of 1.77(%) scores 3 marks
1
[10]
Q4.
(a) ammeter
1
voltmeter
must be in the correct order
1
(e) R=V/I
1
R = 2.1 / 0.30
1
R = 7.0 Ω
an answer of 7.0 Ω scores 3 marks
1
(f) length in m
1
resistance in Ω
must be in the correct order
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allow other correct labelling eg
length / m
length (m)
allow 1 mark if units are omitted
1
Q5.
(a)
(b)
1
= 0.92
or
92 (%)
allow an answer that rounds to 0.92
or
92 (%)
1
ignore units
an answer of 0.92 or 92 (%) scores 2 marks
(d)
(e)
if a conversion of 8000 has been attempted, this
mark can be awarded
1
(E =) 1200 × 8000
if a conversion of 8000 has been attempted, this
mark can be awarded
1
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(E =) 9 600 000 (kJ)
this answer only
1
an answer of 9 600 000 (kJ) scores 3 marks
(environmental advantages)
• renewable / sustainable (energy source)
• conserves fossil fuels
• no release of pollutant gases e.g. sulfur dioxide
• no release of greenhouse gases
allow does not release carbon dioxide
(environmental disadvantages)
• noise pollution
• visual pollution
• bird kill
• not always windy so more use of fossil fuel power stations
ignore destruction of habitat
max 3 marks if only refers to advantages or
disadvantages
ignore references to cost
4
[12]
Q6.
(a)
current is always of smaller magnitude than line already plotted for a given
potential difference
this mark only scores if first mark is awarded
1
allow for 2 marks a straight horizontal line along
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the x-axis
(f) 12.5 mA = 0.0125 A
1
5.50 = 0.0125 × R
this mark may be awarded if current is incorrectly
/ not converted
1
(R =) 440 (Ω)
allow an answer consistent with incorrectly / not
converted current
1
an answer of 440 (Ω) scores 4 marks
an answer of 0.44 (Ω) scores 3 marks
[11]
Q7.
(a) (i) (connect) 30 (cells)
1
in series
1
(iii) 36 000
allow 1 mark for correctly converting 2 hours to 7200
seconds
answers 10 or 600 score 1 mark
2
coulombs / C
do not accept c
1
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(ii) reduce it
1
Q8.
(a) 35
an answer with more than 2 sig figs that rounds to 35 gains 2
marks
(b) (maximum) current exceeds maximum safe current for a 2.5 mm2 wire
accept power exceeds maximum safe power for a 2.5 mm2
wire
or
(maximum) current exceeds 20 (A)
(maximum) current = 26 (A) is insufficient
1
Page 27 of 29
Q9.
(a) (i) 5.88 (watts)
an answer of 5.9 scores 2 marks
allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie
0.42 =
allow 1 mark for an answer of 0.0588 or 0.059
2
(ii) 8.12
allow 14 – their (a)(i) correctly calculated
1
(b) (i) input power / energy would be (much) less (reducing cost of running)
accept the converse
electricity is insufficient
1
Page 28 of 29
an alternative way of answering is in terms of cost per hour:
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