(6665) Sheet 1 Sequence and Series B

Sequence & Series
"1729 is a very interesting number; it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways." ...... S.Ramanujan
Sequence :
A sequence is a function whose domain is the set N of natural numbers. Since the domain for every
sequence is the set N of natural numbers, therefore a sequence is represented by its range. If
f : N  R, then f(n) = t n , n  N is called a sequence and is denoted by
{f(1), f(2), f(3),...............} = {t 1, t 2, t 3, ......................} = {t n }
Real sequence :
A sequence whose range is a subset of R is called a real sequence.
e.g. (i) 2, 5, 8, 11, .......................

(ii) 4, 1, – 2, – 5, ......................
(iii) 3, –9, 27, – 81, ........................
Types of sequence :
On the basis of the number of terms there are two types of sequence.
(i) Finite sequences : A sequence is said to be finite if it has finite number of terms.
(ii) Infinite sequences : A sequence is said to be infinite if it has infinitely many terms.
Example # 1 : Write down the sequence whose nth term is
 2n 3  ( 1)n
(i) (ii)
 1n  2 2n
 2n
Solution : (i) Let t n =
 1n  2
put n = 1, 2, 3, 4, .............. we get
4 16
t 1 = –2, t 2 = , t = –8, t 4 =
3 3 3
4 16
so the sequence is –2, , –8, , ........
3 3
3  ( 1)n
(ii) Let t n =
2n
put n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ......
1 1 1
so the sequence is 2, , , ,............
2 2 8
Series :
By adding or subtracting the terms of a sequence, we get an expression which is called a series. If
a1, a2, a3,........an is a sequence, then the expression a 1 + a2 + a3 + ...... + an is a series.
e.g. (i) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .................... + n
(ii) 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + .................
(iii) – 1 + 3 – 9 + 27 – ..............
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ADVSS -1
Sequence & Series
Progression :
The word progression refers to sequence or series – finite or infinite
Arithmetic progression (A.P.) :

A.P. is a sequence whose successive terms are obtained by adding a fixed number 'd' to the preceding
terms. This fixed number 'd' is called the common difference. If a is the first term & d the common
difference, then A.P. can be written as a, a + d, a + 2 d,....... ,a + (n  1) d,........
e.g. – 4, – 1, 2, 5 ...........
n th term of an A.P. :
Let 'a' be the first term and 'd' be the common difference of an A.P., then
t n = a + (n – 1) d, where d = t n – t n – 1
Example # 2 : Find the number of terms in the sequence 4, 7, 10, 13, ........,82.
Solution : Let a be the first term and d be the common difference

a = 4, d = 3 so 82 = 4 + (n – 1)3
 n = 27
The sum of first n terms of an A.P. :

If a is first term and d is common difference, then sum of the first n terms of AP is
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
2
n
= [a + ]  nt  n1  , for n is odd. (Where  is the last term and t  n1  is the middle term.)
2    
 2   2 
Note : For any sequence {t n }, whose sum of first r terms is S r, rth term, t r = Sr – Sr – 1.
Example # 3 : If in an A.P., 3rd term is 18 and 7 term is 30, then find sum of its first 17 terms

a + 2d = 18
a + 6d = 30
d = 3 , a = 12
17
s17 = [2 × 12 + 16 × 3] = 612
2
Example # 4 : Find the sum of all odd numbers between 1 and 1000 which are divisible by 3
Solution : Odd numbers between 1 and 1000 are
3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, ------ 993, 995, 997, 999.
Those numbers which are divisible by 3 are
3, 9, 15, 21, ------- 993, 999
They form an A.P. of which a = 3 , d = 6,  = 999  n = 167
n
S= [a + ] = 83667
2
Example # 5 : Find the number of terms of the series 54, 51, 48 , ------ so that their sum is 513
a = 54 , d = –3, Sn = 513
 n2 – 37n + 342 = 0.
 n = 18, 19
ADVSS -2
Sequence & Series
Example # 6 : The ratio between the sum of n term of two A.P.’s is 3n + 8 : 7n + 15. Then find the ratio between their
12 th term
Sn (n / 2)[2a  (n – 1)d] 3n  8 a  {(n – 1) / 2}d 3n  8
Solution :  
Sn ' (n / 2)[2a' (n – 1)d'] = 7n  15 or
a' (n – 1)/ 2d' 7n  15
----- (i)
T12 a  11d
we have to find T '  a' 11d'
12
choosing (n – 1)/2 = 11 or n = 23 in (1),

T12 a  11d 3(23)  8 77 
we get T '  a' 11d' =  
12 (23)  7  15 176 16
Example # 7 : If sum of n terms of a sequence is given by S n = 3n2 – 4n, find its 50th term.
Solution : Let t n is nth term of the sequence so t n = Sn – Sn – 1.
= 3n2 – 4n – 3(n – 1) 2 + 4(n – 1) = 6n – 7
so t 50 = 293.
Self practice problems :

(1) Which term of the sequence 2005, 2000, 1995, 1990, 1985, ............. is the first negative term
(2) For an A.P. show that t m + t 2n + m = 2 t m + n
(3) Find the maximum sum of the A.P. 40 + 38 + 36 + 34 + 32 + ..............

(4) Find the sum of first 16 terms of an A.P. a1, a2, a3..........
If it is known that a1 + a4 + a7 + a10 + a13 + a16 = 147
Ans. (1) 403 (3) 420 (4) 392
Remarks :
(i) The first term and common difference can be zero, positive or negative (or any complex number.)
(ii) If a, b, c are in A.P.  2 b = a + c & if a, b, c, d are in A.P.  a + d = b + c.
(iii) Three numbers in A.P. can be taken as a  d, a, a + d ;
four numbers in A.P. can be taken as a  3d, a  d, a + d, a + 3d;
five numbers in A.P. are a  2d, a  d, a, a + d, a + 2d ;
six terms in A.P. are a  5d, a  3d, a  d, a + d, a + 3d, a + 5d etc.
(iv) The sum of the terms of an A.P. equidistant from the beginning & end is constant and equal to
the sum of first & last terms.
(v) Any term of an A.P. (except the first) is equal to half the sum of terms which are equidistant
from it. an = 1/2 (ank + an+k), k < n. For k = 1, an = (1/2) (an1+ an+1);
For k = 2, an = (1/2) (an2+ an+2) and so on.
(vi) If each term of an A.P. is increased, decreased, multiplied or divided by the same non-zero
number, then the resulting sequence is also an AP.
(vii) The sum and difference of two AP's is an AP.
1 2
Example # 8 : The numbers t (t2 + 1), – t and 6 are three consecutive terms of an A.P. If t be real, then find the
2
the next two term of A.P.
Solution : 2b = a + c  –t2 = t3 + t + 6
3 2
or t +t +t+6=0
or (t + 2) (t2 – t + 3) = 0
 t2 – t + 3  0  t = –2
the given numbers are – 10, – 2, 6
which are in an A.P. with d = 8. The next two numbers are 14, 22
ADVSS -3
Sequence & Series
5
Example # 9 : If a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 are in A.P. with common difference  0, then find the value of  a , when
i1
i
a3 = 2.
Solution : As a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 are in A.P., we have a1 + a5 = a2 + a4 = 2a3.
5
Hence a
i1
i = 10.
1 1 1
Example # 10 : If a(b + c), b(c+a), c(a + b) are in A.P., prove that , , are also in A.P..
a b c
Solution : a(b + c), b(c+a), c(a + b) are in A.P.

 subtract ab + bc + ca from each
– bc, – ca, – ab are in A.P.
divide by –abc
1 1 1
, , are in A.P..
a b c
ab bc 1 1
Example # 11 : If , b, are in A.P. then prove that , b are in A.P.
1  ab 1  bc a c
ab bc
Solution :  , b, are in A.P..
1  ab 1  bc
ab bc
b– = –b
1  ab 1  bc

 a b2  1
=

c 1 b2  
1  ab 1  bc
 –a + abc = c – abc
a + c = 2abc
divide by ac
1 1
 = 2b
c a
1 1
 , b, are in A.P..
a c
Arithmetic mean (mean or average) (A.M.) :

If three terms are in A.P. then the middle term is called the A.M. between the other two, so if a, b, c are
in A.P., b is A.M. of a & c.
a 1  a 2  a 3  .....  a n
A.M. for any n numbers a1, a2,..., an is; A = .
n
n - Arithmetic means between two numbers :
If a, b are any two given numbers & a, A 1, A2,...., An, b are in A.P., then A1, A2,... An are the
n A.M.’s between a & b.
ba 2 (b  a ) n (b  a )
A1 = a + , A2 = a + ,......, An = a +
n1 n1 n1
Note : Sum of n A.M.’s inserted between a & b is equal to n times the single A.M. between a & b
n
ab
i.e.  Ar = nA, where A is the single A.M. between a & b i.e. A=
2
r1
ADVSS -4
Sequence & Series
Example # 12 : If a, b, c,d,e, f are A. M’s between 2 and 12, then find a + b + c + d + e + f.
6(2  12)
Solution : Sum of A.M.s = 6 single A.M. = = 42
2
Example # 13 : Insert 10 A.M. between 3 and 80.

Solution : Here 3 is the first term and 80 is the 12th term of A.P. so 80 = 3 + (11)d
 d=7
so the series is 3, 10, 17, 24, ........, 73, 80
 required means are 10, 17, 24, ........, 73.

(5) There are n A.M.’s between 3 and 29 such that 6th mean : (n – 1)th mean : : 3 : 5 then find the value
of n.
a n  3  bn  3
(6) For what value of n, , a  b is the A.M. of a and b.
an  2  bn  2
Ans. (5) n = 12 (6) n = –2
Geometric progression (G.P.) :

G.P. is a sequence of numbers whose first term is non zero & each of the succeeding terms is equal to
the preceeding terms multiplied by a constant. Thus in a G.P. the ratio of successive terms is constant.
This constant factor is called the common ratio of the series & is obtained by dividing any term by
that which immediately preceeds it. Therefore a, ar, ar 2, ar3, ar4,...... is a G.P. with 'a' as the first term
& 'r' as common ratio.
e.g. (i) 2, 4, 8, 16, ....... (ii) 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ,.......

3 9 27 81
Results : (i) nth term of GP = a rn1

(ii) Sum of the first n terms of GP

a rn  1
  , r 1
Sn =  r  1
 na , r 1
(iii) Sum of an infinite terms of GP when r < 1. When n  rn  0 if r < 1 therefore,
a
S =
1 r

r 1 . 
1
Example # 14 : The nth term of the series 3, 3 , 1 , ------ is 243 , then find n
n–1
 1  1
Solution : 3.     n = 13
 3 243
Example # 15 : The first term of an infinite G.P. is 1 and any term is equal to the sum of all the succeeding
terms. Find the series.
Solution : Let the G.P. be 1, r, r 2, r3, .........
r2 1
given condition  r=  r= ,
1 r 2
1 1 1
Hence series is 1, , , , ..............
2 4 8
ADVSS -5
Sequence & Series
Example # 16 : In a G.P.., T2 + T5 = 216 and T4 : T6 = 1 : 4 and all terms are integers, then find its first term :
ar 3 1
Solution : ar (1 + r3) = 216 and 
ar 5 4
 r2 = 4  r = ± 2
when r = 2 then 2a(9) = 216  a = 12
when r = – 2, then – 2a (1–8) = 216
216 108
a= = , which is not an integer..
14 7
(7) Find the G.P. if the common ratio of G.P. is 3, n th term is 486 and sum of first n terms is 728.
(8) If x, 2y, 3z are in A.P. where the distinct numbers x, y, z are in G.P. Then find the common ratio
of G.P.
(9) A G.P. consist of 2n terms. If the sum of the terms occupying the odd places is S 1 and that of
the terms occupying the even places is S 2 , then find the common ratio of the progression.
(10) If continued prodcut of three number in G.P. is 216 and sum of there product in pairs is 156.
Find the numbers.
1 S2
Ans. (7) 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, 486 (8) (9) .
3 S1
(10) 2, 6, 18
Remarks :
(i) If a, b, c are in G.P.  b2 = ac, in general if a1, a2, a3, a4,......... an – 1 , an are in G.P.,
then a1an = a2an – 1 = a3 an – 2 = ..........................
a
(ii) Any three consecutive terms of a G.P. can be taken as , a , ar..
r
a a
(iii) Any four consecutive terms of a G.P. can be taken as 3 , , ar, ar3.
r r
(iv) If each term of a G.P. be multiplied or divided or raised to power by the same nonzero quantity, the
resulting sequence is also a G.P..
(v) If a1, a2, a3,........ and b1, b2, b3,......... are two G.P’s with common ratio r 1 and r2 respectively, then the
sequence a1b1, a2b2, a3b3, ..... is also a G.P. with common ratio r1 r2.
(vi) If a1, a2, a3,..........are in G.P. where each ai > 0, then log a1, loga2, loga3,..........are in A.P. and its
converse is also true.
Example # 17 : Three numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle number is doubled, then the new numbers are
in A.P. The common ratio of G.P. is :
a
Solution : Three number in G.P.are , a, ar
r
a
then , 2a ar are in A.P. as given.
r
 1
 2(2a) = a  r  
 r
or r2 – 4r + 1 = 0
or r = 2 ± 3
or r = 2 + 3 as r > 1 for an increasing G.P..
ADVSS -6
Sequence & Series
Example # 18 : The sum of an infinite geometric progression is 2 and the sum of the geometric progression made
from the cubes of this infinite series is 24. Then find its first term and common ratio :
Solution : Let a be the first term and r be the common ratio of G.P.
a a3
 2,  24 , –1 < r < 1
1– r 1– r 3
1
Solving we get a = 3, r = –
2
p
  in the form of , (where p, q , q  0)
Example # 19 : Express 0.423
q
4 23 23 4 a 4 23 419
Solution : S=  3  5 + .......  =    =
10 10 10 10 1– r 10 990 990
Example # 20 : Evaluate 9 + 99 + 999 + ........... upto n terms.

Solution : Let S = 9 + 99 + 999 + ..........upto n terms.
= [9 + 99 + 999 + .......]
= [(10 – 1) + (102 – 1) + (103 – 1) + ........ + upto n terms]
 10(10 n  1) 
2 3  n  n
= [10 + 10 + 10 + ...........+ 10 – n] =  9 
 
Geometric means (mean proportional) (G.M.):
If a, b, c are in G.P., b is called as the G.M. of a & c.
If a and c are both positive, then b = ac and if a and c are both negative, then b = – ac .
b² = ac, therefore b = a c ; a > 0, c > 0.
n-Geometric means between a, b :

If a, b are two given numbers & a, G 1, G 2,....., G n, b are in G.P.. Then
G 1, G 2, G 3,...., G n are n G.M.s between a & b.
G 1 = a(b/a)1/n+1, G 2 = a(b/a)2/n+1,......, G n = a(b/a)n/n+1

Note : The product of n G.M.s between a & b is equal to the nth power of the single G.M. between a & b
n
i.e. G =
r 1
r 
n n
ab = G , where G is the single G.M. between a & b.
Example # 21 : Between 4 and 2916 are inserted odd number (2n + 1) G.M’s. Then the (n + 1)th G.M. is
Solution : 4, G1.G2, ....... Gn+1, .... G2n, G2n+1, 2916
Gn+1 will be the middle mean of (2n +1) odd means and it will be equidistant from Ist and last term
 4,Gn+1 , 2916 will also be in G.P.
 Gn21 = 4 × 2916 = 4 × 9 × 324 = 4 × 9 × 4 × 81
Gn+1 = 2 × 3 × 2 × 9 = 108.

a n 1  b n 1
(11) Find the value of n so that may be the G.M. between a and b.
an  bn
111 ..........1
(12) If a =  , b = 1 + 10 + 102 + 103 + 104 and c = 1 + 105 + 1010 + ..... + 1050, then prove
55
that
(i) ‘a’ is a composite number (ii) a = bc.
1
Ans. (11) n=–
2
ADVSS -7
Sequence & Series
Harmonic progression (H.P.)
A sequence is said to be in H.P if the reciprocals of its terms are in A.P.. If the sequence a1, a2, a3,....,
an is in H.P. then 1/a1, 1/a2,...., 1/an is in A.P.
Note : (i) Here we do not have the formula for the sum of the n terms of an H.P.. For H.P. whose first term
ab
is a and second term is b, the n th term is t n = .
b  (n  1)(a  b)
2ac a ab
(ii) If a, b, c are in H.P.  b = or = .
ac c bc
ab a
(iii) If a, b, c are in A.P.  =
bc a
ab a
(iv) If a, b, c are in G.P.  =
bc b
Harmonic mean (H.M.):
2ac
If a, b, c are in H.P., b is called as the H.M. between a & c, then b =
ac
If a1, a2 , ........ an are ‘n’ non-zero numbers then H.M. 'H' of these numbers is given by
1 1  1  1  .......  1 
=  
H n  a1 a 2 an 
1 1
Example # 22 : The 7th term of a H.P. is and 12th term is , find the 20th term of H.P..
10 25
Solution : Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of corresponding A.P.
a + 6d = 10
a + 11d = 25
5d = 15
d = 3, a = – 8
T 20 = a + 19d
= – 8 + 19 × 3 = 49
1
20 term of H.P. =
49
3 3
Example # 23 : Insert 4 H.M between and .
4 19
Solution : Let 'd' be the common difference of corresponding A.P..
19 4

so d = 3 3 = 1.
5
1 4 7 3
 H1
= +1= or H1 =
3 3 7
1 4 10 3
H2
= +2= or H2 =
3 3 10
1 4 13 3
H3
= +3= or H3 =
3 3 13
1 4 16 3
H4
= +4= or H4 = .
3 3 16
ADVSS -8
Sequence & Series
2 12
Example # 24 : Find the largest positive term of the H.P., whose first two term are and .
5 23
5 23 30 23 16 9 2 –5
Solution : The corresponding A.P. is , ........ or , , , , , , .......
2 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12
The H.P. is , , , , , – , .......
30 23 16 9 2 5
12
Largest positive term = =6
2
(13) If a, b, c, d, e are five numbers such that a, b, c are in A.P., b, c, d are in G.P. and c, d, e are
in H.P. prove that a, c, e are in G.P.
(14) If the ratio of H.M. between two positive numbers 'a' and 'b' (a > b) is to their G.M. as 12 to 13,
prove that a : b is 9 : 4.
ba bc
(15) a, b, c are in H.P. then prove that + =2
ba bc
(16) If a, b, c, d are in H.P., then show that ab + bc + cd = 3ad
Arithmetico-geometric series :
A series, each term of which is formed by multiplying the corresponding terms of an A.P. & G.P. is
called the Arithmetico-Geometric Series. e.g. 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 7x 3 +.....
Here 1, 3, 5,.... are in A.P. & 1, x, x 2, x 3..... are in G.P..
Sum of n terms of an arithmetico-geometric series:
Let Sn = a + (a + d) r + (a + 2 d) r² +..... + [a + (n  1)d] rn1, then
Sn =
a


d r 1  r n 1

a  (n  1) d r n , r  1.
1 r 1  r2 1 r
Sum to infinity: If r < 1 & n  , then Limit n Limit n

n   r = 0 and n   n.r = 0
a dr
 S =  .
1  r 1  r  2
2 3
 4n  1   4n  1   4n  1 
Example # 25 : The sum to n terms of the series 1 + 5  4n – 3  + 9   + 13   + ....... is .
   4n – 3   4n – 3 
4n  1
Solution : Let x= , then
4n – 3
–4 1 ( 4n – 3)
1–x= , =–
4n – 3 1 – x 4
x ( 4n  1)
=–
1– x 4
S = 1 + 5x + 9x 2 + ....... + (4n – 3)x n–1
Sx = x + 5x 2 + ........ (4n – 3)x n
S – Sx = 1 + 4x + 4x 2 + ......... + 4x n–1 – (4n – 3)x n .
4x
S(1 – x) = 1 + [1 –x n–1] – (4n – 3)x n
1– x
1  4x 4xn 
S= 1  – – ( 4n – 3)xn 
1– x  1 – x 1 – x 
( 4n – 3)
= – [1 – ( 4n  1)  (4n – 3)xn – (4n – 3 )xn ] = n (4n – 3).
4
ADVSS -9
Sequence & Series
2 3
 11   11   11 
Example # 26 : Find sum to infinite terms of the series 1 + 2   + 3   + 4   + ....
 10  10
   10 
 11 
Solution : Let x =  
 10 
let S = 1 + 2x + 3x 2 + 4x 3 + ..... ........(i)
xS = x + 2x 2 + 3x 3 + ......... ........(ii)
(i) - (ii)  (1 – x) S = 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ..........
1
or S=
(1  x )2
1
S= 2 = 100
 11 
1  10 
 
Example # 27 : Evaluate : 12 + 22x + 32x 2 + 42x 3 ....... upto infinite terms for | x | < 1.
Solution : Let s = 12 + 22x + 32x 2 + 42x 3 ............  ...(i)
xs = 12x + 22x 2 + 32x 3...............  ...(ii)
(i) – (ii)
(1 – x) s = 1 + 3x + 5x 2 + 7x 3 + ........
1 2x
(1 – x) s = +
1 x 1  x 2
1 2x
s= 2 +
1  x  1  x 3
1  x  2x
s=
1  x 3
1 x
s=
1  x 3
4d 4  2d
(17) If 4 + + ......... = 1, then find d.
5 52
(18) Evaluate : 1 + 3x + 6x 2 + 10x 3 + ...... upto infinite term, where | x | < 1.
2
 1  1
(19) Sum to n terms of the series : 1 + 2 1   + 3 1   + ......
 n   n 
64 1
Ans. (17) – (18) (19) n2
5 (1  x )3
Relation between means :
(i) If A, G, H are respectively A.M., G.M., H.M. between a & b both being positive, then G² = AH
(i.e. A, G, H are in G.P.) and A  G  H.
ADVSS - 10
Sequence & Series
8
Example # 28 : The A.M. of two numbers exceeds the G.M. by 2 and the G.M. exceeds the H.M. by ; find
5
the numbers.
Solution : Let the numbers be a and b, now using the relation
 8
G 2 = AH = (G + 2)  G    G = 8 ; A = 10
 5
i.e. ab = 64
also a + b = 20
Hence the two numbers are 4 and 16.
A.M.  G.M.  H.M.

Let a1, a2, a3, .......an be n positive real numbers, then we define their
a  a 2  a 3  .......  an
A.M. = 1 , their
n
1/n
G.M. = (a1 a2 a3 .........an) and their
n
H.M. = 1 1 1 .
  ....... 
a1 a 2 an
It can be shown that A.M.  G.M.  H.M. and equality holds at either places iff a1 = a2 = a3 = ..............= an
bc ca ab
Example # 29 : If a, b, c > 0, prove that + 2 + 2 3
c2 a b
Solution : Using the relation A.M.  G.M. we have
ab bc ca 1
2
 2
 2  ab bc ca  3 ab bc ca
c a b   2. 2. 2  2 + 2 + 3
3 c a b  c a b2
 1 1 1 1 
Example # 30 : If ai > 0  i = 1, 2, 3, ....... prove that (a1 + a2 + a3 .... + an)  a  a  a .....  a   n2

 1 2 3 n 
Solution : Using the relation A.M.  H.M.
a1  a 2  a3 .......  an n

n 1 1 1 1
  ..... 
a1 a 2 a 3 an
 1 1 1 1 
 (a1 + a2 + a3 .... + an)  a  a  a .....  a   n2

 1 2 3 n 
 1 1  1 1  1 1 
Example # 31 : If x, y, z are positive then prove that (x + y)(y + z)(z + x)  x  y  y  z  z  x   64
   
Solution : Using the relation A.M.  H.M.
xy 2  1 1
  (x + y)  x  y   4 ...(i)
2 1 1  

x y
 1 1
similarly (y + z)  y  z   4 ....(ii)
 
1 1
(z + x)     4 ....(iii)
z x
 1 1  1 1  1 1 
by (i), (ii) & (iii) (x + y)(y + z)(z + x)  x  y  y  z  z  x   64
   
ADVSS - 11
Sequence & Series
Example # 32 : If n > 0, prove that 2n > 1 + n 2n1
Solution : Using the relation A.M.  G.M. on the numbers 1, 2, 22, 23,..........., 2n–1 , we have
1  2  2 2  .......  2n1
> (1.2. 22. 23. ......... .2n–1)1/n
n
Equality does not hold as all the numbers are not equal.
1
n  ( n1) n  n (n 1) (n 1)
2 1  
 > n 2 2   2n – 1 > n. 2 2  2n > 1 + n. 2 2
2 1  
Example # 33 : If x, y, z are positive and x + y + z = 7 then find greatest value of x2 y3 z2.
Solution : Using the relation A.M.  G.M.

1
x x y y y z z
       x 2 y 3 z2 7
2 2 3 3 3 2 2   . . 
 4 27 4 
7  
1
 x 2 y 3 z2 7
 1   . . 
  432  x2 y3 z2
 4 27 4 
Example # 34 : If ai >0 for all i = 1,2,3 .........n then prove that (1 + a1 + a21) (1 + a2 + a22) ......... (1 + an + a2n) 
3n(a1 a2 a3 ...... an)
Solution : Using A.M.  G.M.
1  a1  a12
 a1  1 + a1 + a21  3a1
3
similarly 1 + a2 + a22  3a2
: : :
1 +an + a2n  3an
multiplying
(1 + a1 + a21) (1 + a2 + a22) ......... (1 + an + a2n) 3n(a1 a2 a3 ...... an)
(20) If a, b, c are real and distinct, then show that a2 (1 + b2) + b2 (1 + c2) + c2 (1 + a2) > 6abc
(21) Prove that 2.4.6.8.......2n < (n + 1)n. (n  N)
bcd cda dab abc

(22) If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers prove that 2
 2
 2
 >a+b+c+d
a b c d2
(23) If x6 – 12x5 + ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + 64 = 0 has positive roots then find a, b, c, d,
(24) If a, b > 0, prove that [(1 + a) (1 + b)]3 > 33 a2 b2

Ans. (23) a = 60, b = –160, c = 240, d = –192
Results :
n n n n n
(i)  (ar ± br ) =  ar ±  b r. (ii)  k ar = k  ar .
r1 r1 r1 r1 r1
n
(iii)  k = k + k + k +...............n times = nk; where k is a constant.
r1
ADVSS - 12
Sequence & Series
n
n (n 1)
(iv)  r = 1 + 2 + 3 +...........+ n =
2
r1
n
n (n  1) (2n  1)
(v)  r² = 12 + 22 + 32 +...........+ n2 =
6
r1
n
n 2 (n  1) 2
(vi)  r3 = 13 + 23 + 33 +...........+ n3 =
4
r1
Example # 35 : Find the sum of the series to n terms whose n th term is 3n + 2.

3(n  1) n n
Solution : Sn = T n = (3n + 2) = 3n + 2 = + 2n = (3n + 7)
2 2
n
3
Example # 36 : T k = k + 3 , then find k
T
k 1
k .
n n n 2 2
 n(n  1)  3(3n  1)  n(n  1)  3
Solution :  Tk =  k3 +  3k =   + =   + (3n –1)
k 1 k 1 k 1  2  3  1  2  2
n i j
Example # 37 : Find the value of the expression  1

i  1 j  1k  1
n i j n i
Solution :  1 = 
i 1 j 1
j
i  1 j  1k  1
1  
n n n
i (i  1) 1  n (n  1) (2n  1)  n (n  1) 
=  = i2    i = 
2 2  i 1  2  6 2 
i 1 i  1 
n (n  1) n (n  1) (n  2)
= [2n + 1 + 3] = .
12 6
Method of difference for finding n th term :

Let u1, u2, u3 ........ be a sequence, such that u2 – u1, u3 – u2, ......... is either an A.P. or a G.P. then nth term
un of this sequence is obtained as follows
S = u1 + u2 + u3 + ........... + un ................(i)
S= u1 + u2 + ........... + un–1 + un ................(ii)
(i) – (ii)  un = u1 + (u2 – u1) + (u3 – u2) + ........... + (un – un–1)
Where the series (u2 – u1) + (u3 – u2) + .......... + (un – un–1) is
n
either in A.P. or in G.P. then we can find u . So sum of series S =  u n

r
r 1
Note : The above method can be generalised as follows :

Let u1, u2, u3, ......... be a given sequence.
The first differences are 1u1, 1u2, 1u3, ........ where 1u1 = u2 – u1, 1u2 = u3 – u2 etc.
The second differences are 2u1, 2u2, 2u3, ......., where 2u1 = 1u2 – 1u1, 2u2 = 1u3 – 1u2 etc.
This process is continued untill the kth differences ku1 , ku2 , ........ are obtained, where the kth differences
are all equal or they form a GP with common ratio different from 1.
Case - 1 : The kth differences are all equal.
In this case the nth term, un is given by
k k–1
un = a0n + a1n + .....+ ak , where a0, a1, ...., ak are calculated by using first 'k + 1' terms of the sequence.
Case - 2 : The kth differences are in GP with common ratio r (r  1)
The nth term is given by un =  rn – 1 + a0 nk–1 + a1 nk–2 + ..... + ak–1
ADVSS - 13
Sequence & Series
Example # 38 : Find the nth term of the series 1, 3, 8, 16, 27, 41, ..........
Solution : s = 1 + 3 + 8 + 16 + 27 + 41 + ...... Tn .....(i)

s= 1 + 3 + 8 + 16 + 27 .......Tn–1 + Tn .....(ii)
(i) – (ii)
Tn = 1 + 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + ....... (Tn – Tn – 1)
 n  1 1
Tn = 1 +   [2 × 2 + (n – 2)3] = [3n2 – 5n + 4]
 2  2
Example # 39 : Find the sum to n terms of the series 5, 7, 13, 31, 85 + ......
Solution : Successive difference of terms are in G.P. with common ratio 3.

Tn = a(3)n –1 + b
a+b=5
3a + b = 7  a = 1, b = 4
Tn = 3n – 1 + 4
Sn = Tn = (3n – 1 + 4) = (1 + 3 + 32 + ...... + 3n – 1) + 4n
1 n
[3 + 8n – 1]
2
Method of difference for finding s n :

If possible express rth term as difference of two terms as tr = ± (f(r) – f(r ± 1)). This can be explained with the
help of examples given below.
t1 = f(1) – f(0),
t2 = f(2) – f(1),
  
tn = f(n) – f(n-1)
 Sn = f(n) – f(0)
Example # 40 : Find the sum of n-terms of the series 2.5 + 5.8 + 8.11 + ...........
Solution : Tr = (3r – 1) (3r + 2) = 9r2 + 3r – 2
n n n n
Sn =  Tr = 9  r2 + 3  r – 2
r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1
 n  n  1 2n  1   n  n  1 
= 9  6
 + 3
  2
 – 2n = 3n(n + 1)2 – 2n

   
1 1 1
Example # 41 : Sum to n terms of the series + + + .........
(1  x)(1  3x) (1  3x)(1  5x) (1  5x)(1  7x)
Solution : Let Tr be the general term of the series
1
Tr = 1   2r  1 x  1  (2r  1)x 
  
1  1  (2r  1x)   1  (2r  1)x    1 1 

So Tr =   = 1   
2x  1  (2r  1)x  (1  (2r  1)x)  2x  1  (2r  1)x  1  (2r  1)x  
 Sn =  Tr = T1 + T2 + T3 + .......... + Tn
1  1 1  n
=    =
2x  1  x 1  (2n  1)x   (1  x)[1  (2n  1)x]
ADVSS - 14
Sequence & Series
1 1 1
Example # 42 : Sum to n terms of the series   + ............
1.4.7 4.7.10 7.10.13
1 1  1

1 
Solution : Tn = 3n  2 3n  1 3n  4 =  
    6   3n  2 3n  1 3n  1 3n  4  
1  1 1   1 1  1 1 
=        ......   
6  1.4 4.7   4.7 7.10   3n  2  3n  1  3n  1 3n  4  
1 1 1 
=   
6  4  3n  1 3n  4  
Example # 43 : Find the general term and sum of n terms of the series 1 + 5 + 19 + 49 + 101 + 181 + 295 + .........
Solution : The sequence of difference between successive term 4, 14, 30, 52, 80 .....
The sequence of the second order difference is 10, 16, 22, 28, ...... clearly it is an A.P>
so let nth term
Tn = an3 + bn2 + cn + d
a+b+c+d =1 ....(i)
8a + 4b + 2c + d = 5 ....(ii)
27a + 9b + 3c + d = 19 ....(iii)
64a + 16b + 4c + d = 49 ....(iv)
from (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv)
a = 1, b = –1, c = 0, d = 1  Tn = n3 – n2 + 1
 nn  1 
sn = (n – n + 1 ) = 
3 2  –
nn  12n  1
2
+n=
n n 2  1 3n  2
+n
 
 2  6 12
(25) Sum to n terms the following series
3 5 7
(i) 22
 2 2  2 2 +...........
1 .2 2 .3 3 .4
(ii) 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) + (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) ........
(iii) 4 + 14 + 30 + 52 + 82 + 114 + ..........
n n
n 1
(26) If T
r 1
r =
8
(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) then find T
r 1 r
2n  n2 nn  1n  2
Ans. (25) (i) 2 (ii) (iii) n(n + 1)2
 n  1 6
n3  3n
(26) 2  n  1 n  2 
ADVSS - 15
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
"1729 is a very interesting number; it is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways." ...... S.Ramanujan
vuq Ø e (Sequence) :
vuqØe og Qyu gS ftldk izkUr izkÑfrd la[ ;kvksa dk leqPp; N gSA pwafd izR;sd vuqØe ds fy, izkUr, izkÑfrd
la [ ;kvksa dk leq Pp; gS vr% vuqØe dks mlds ifjlj ls iz nf'kZr djrs gSaA ;fn f : N  R gks] rks
f(n) = t n , n  N vuq Øe dgykrk gS vkS j bls fuEu iz dkj iz n f'kZ r fd;k tkrk gS &
{f(1), f(2), f(3),...............} = {t 1, t 2, t 3, ......................} = {t n }
okLrfod vuq Ø e (Real Sequence) :

og vuqØe ftldk ifjlj R dk mileqPp; gS] okLrfod vuqØe dgykrk gSA
mnkgj.kr : (i) 2, 5, 8, 11, .......................

(ii) 4, 1, – 2, – 5, ......................
(iii) 3, –9, 27, – 81, ........................
vuq Ø e ds iz d kj (Types of Sequence) :

inksa dh la[ ;k ds vk/kkj ij vuqØe nks izdkj ds gksrs gSaA
(i) ifjfer vuqØe : vuqØe ifjfer dgykrk gS ;fn blds inksa dh la[ ;k fuf'pr gksA
(ii) vifjfer vuqØe : vuqØe vifjfer dgykrk gS ;fn blds inksa dh la[ ;k vifjfer gksA
mnkgj.k # 1 : og vuqØe fyf[k, ftuds n osa in fuEu gS &
 2n 3  ( 1)n
(i) n (ii)
 1  2 2n
 2n
gy : (i) ekuk fd tn =
 1n  2
4 16
n = 1, 2, 3, 4, .............. eku j[kus ij] t 1 = –2, t 2 = , t 3 = –8, t 4 =
3 3
4 16
vr% vuqØe –2, , –8, , ........
3 3
3  ( 1)n
(ii) ekuk fd tn =
2n
1 1 1
n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ...... j[kus ij blfy, vuq Øe 2, , , ,............
2 2 8
Js . kh (Series) :
fdlh vuqØe ds inksa dks tksM +us ;k ?kVkus ij gesa ,d O;atd izkIr gksrk gSa tks Js. kh dgykrk gSaA ;fn
a1, a2, a3,........an ,d vuq Øe gks ] rks O;a td a1 + a2 + a3 + ...... + an ,d Js . kh gS A
mnkgj.k (i) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .................... + n
(ii) 2 – 4 – 8 – 16 – .................
(iii) – 1 + 3 – 9 + 27 – ..............
ADVSS -1
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
Js <+ h (Progression) :
Js<+h 'kCn dk iz; ksx vuqØe ;k Js. kh (ifjfer ;k vifjfer) ds LFkku ij fd;k tkrk gSA
lekUrj Js < + h (Arithmetic progression (A.P.)) :
lekUrj Js<+h og vuqØe gS ftlesa izR;sd vkxs vkus okyk in iwo Z in esa fuf'pr la[ ;k d tksM +us ;k ?kVkus ij izkIr
gksrk gSA ;g fuf'pr la[ ;k d lkoZ vUrj dgykrh gSA ;fn izFke in a ,oa lkoZvUrj d gks] rks lekUrj Js<+h dks
fuEu izdkj fy[kk tk ldrk gS&
a, a + d, a + 2 d,....... a + (n  1) d,........
mnkgj.kr% – 4, – 1, 2, 5 ...........
lekUrj Js <+ h dk n ok¡ in (n th term of an A.P.)

ekukfd fdlh lekUrj Js<+h dk izFke in a rFkk lkoZvUrj d gS] rc
t n = a + (n – 1) d tgk¡ d = tn – tn – 1
mnkgj.k # 2 : vuqØe 4, 7, 10, 13,........,82 esa inksa dh la[ ;k Kkr dhft,A

gy : ekuk izFke in a rFkk lkoZvUrj d gS
a = 4, d = 3 vr% 82 = 4 + (n – 1)3
 n = 27
lekUrj Js <+ h ds iz F ke n inks a dk ;ks x (The sum of first n terms of an A.P.)

;fn izFke in a ,oa lkoZvUrj d gks] rks lekUrj Js<+h ds izFke n inksa dk ;ksx
n n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d] = [a + ] = nt  n1  ,
2 2  
 2 
tgk¡  vfUre in gS ,oa t  n1  e/; in gSaA

 
 2 
uks V : fdlh vuqØe {tn }, ftlds izFke r inksa dk ;ksx Sr gS] ds fy, r ok¡ in tr = Sr – Sr – 1.
mnkgj.k # 3 : ;fn ,d lekUrj Js<+h dk rhljk in 18 rFkk lkrok¡ in 30 gS rks blds izFke 17 inks rd ;ksx Kkr dhft,A
a + 2d = 18
a + 6d = 30
d = 3 , a = 12
17
s17 = [2 × 12 + 16 × 3] = 612
2
mnkgj.k # 4 : 1 ls 1000 ds chp esa 3 ls foHkkftr lHkh fo””"ke la[ ;kvksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr fdft,A
gy : 1 ls 1000 ds chp es a lHkh fo"ke la [ ;k,s a
3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, ......... 993, 995, 997, 999.
3 ls foHkkftr fo"ke la [;k,s a
3, 9, 15, 21, .......993, 999
tks fd ,d lekUrj Js<+h esa gS tgk¡ a = 3 , d = 6,  = 999  n = 167
n
S= [a + ] = 83667
2
mnkgj.k # 5 : Js<+h 54, 51, 48 , ...... ds inks dh la[ ;’k Kkr dhft, tcfd mudk ;ksxQy 513 gSA
a = 54 , d = –3, Sn = 513
 n2 – 37n + 342 = 0.
 n = 18, 19
ADVSS -2
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
mnkgj.k # 6 : nks lekUrj Js<+h ds n inksa rd ;ksxQyks dk vuqikr 3n + 8 : 7n + 15 gS rks muds 12 os inksa dk vuqikr Kkr
dhft,A
Sn (n / 2)[2a  (n – 1)d] 3n  8 a  {(n – 1) / 2}d 3n  8
gy :  
Sn ' (n / 2)[2a' (n – 1)d'] = 7n  15 or a' (n – 1)/ 2d' 7n  15 ----- (i)
T12 a  11d
ges Kkr djuk gS T '  a' 11d'  (n – 1)/2 = 11  n = 23, (1) ls
12
T12 a  11d 3(23)  8 77 

  
T12 ' a' 11d' = (23)  7  15 176 16
mnkgj.k # 7 : ;fn fdlh vuqØe ds n inksa dk ;ksx Sn = 3n2 – 4n gks] rks 50 ok¡ in Kkr dhft,A
gy : ekuk fd vuqØe dk n ok¡ in tn gks] rks tn = Sn – Sn – 1 = 3n2 – 4n – 3(n – 1)2 + 4(n – 1) = 6n – 7
vr% t50 = 293.
vH;kl dk;Z :
(1) vuqØe 2005, 2000, 1995, 1990, 1985, ............. dk dkSulk in izFke _.kkRed in gS\
(2) fdlh lekUrj Js<+h ds fy, iznf'kZr dhft, fd tm + t2n + m = 2 tm + n
(3) lekUrj Js<+h 40 + 38 + 36 + 34 + 32 + .............. dk vf/kdre ;ksxQy Kkr dhft,A
(4) lekUrj Js<+h a1, a2, a3.......... ds izFke 16 inks dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,A
tcfd fn;k gS fd a1 + a4 + a7 + a10 + a13 + a16 = 147
Ans. (1) 403. (3) 420 (4) 392
fVIi.kh (Remarks :) :
(i) izFke in vkSj lkoZvUrj 'kwU; , /kukRed ;k _.kkRed ¼;k dksbZ lfEeJ la[ ;k½ gks ldrs gSaA
(ii) ;fn a, b, c lekUrj Js<+h esa gks] rks 2b = a + c vkSj ;fn a, b, c, d lekUrj Js<+h esa gks] rks a + d = b+c.
(iii) fdlh lekUrj Js<+h esa rhu la[ ;k,¡ a  d, a, a + d yh tk ldrh gSa] pkj la[ ;k,¡ a  3d, a  d, a + d,
a + 3d; ik¡ p la [ ;k,s a a  2d, a  d, a, a + d, a + 2d ,oa N% in a  5d, a  3d, a  d, a + d, a + 3d,
a + 5d vkfn ys ldrs gS a A
(iv) l-Js- ds izkjEHk rFkk vUr ls leku nwj h ij fLFkr inksa dk ;ksx vpj gksrk gS rFkk izFke ,oa vfUre in ds
;ksx ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
(v) fdlh lekUrj Js<+h dk dksbZ in ¼izFke in ds vykok½ mlls leku nwj h ij fLFkr inksa ds ;ksxQy dk
vk/kk gksrk gS vFkkZr~ an = 1/2 (ank + an+k), k < n.
k = 1 ds fy, an = (1/2) (an1+ an+1);
k = 2 ds fy, an = (1/2) (an2+ an+2) rFkk blh rjg vkxs A
(vi) fdlh lekUrj Js<+h ds izR;sd in dks fdlh v'kwU; la[ ;k ls c<+kdj] ?kVkdj] xq. kk dj ;k foHkkftr djds
fy[kus ij izkIr vuqØe Hkh ,d lekUrj Js<+h gksrh gSA
(vii) nks lekUrj Jsf<+; ksa dk ;ksx ;k vUrj Hkh ,d lekUrj Js<+h gksrh gSA
1
mnkgj.k # 8 : la[ ;k,sa t (t2 + 1), – t2, 6 lekUrj Js<+h ds rhu Øekxr in gS ;fn t okLrfod gS rks lekUrj Js+<+h ds vxys
2
nks in Kkr dhft,A
gy : 2b = a + c  –t2 = t3 + t + 6
;k t3 + t2 + t + 6 = 0
;k (t + 2) (t2 – t + 3) = 0
 t2 – t + 3  0  t = –2
nh xbZ la[ ;k,sa – 10, – 2, 6 gS tks fd lekUrj Js<+h esa gS ftudk lkoZvUrj d = 8, vr vxys nks in 14, 22
ADVSS -3
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
5
mnkgj.k # 9 : ;fn a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 lekUrj Js<+h esa gSa] ftldk lkoZ vUrj 'kwU; ugha gks] rks a
i1
i dk eku Kkr dhft,
tcfd a3 = 2 gksA
gy : pw¡fd a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, lekUrj Js<+h esa gSaA
rc a1 + a5 = a2 + a4 = 2a3.
5
vr% a
i1
i = 10.
1 1 1
mnkgj.k # 10 : ;fn a(b + c), b(c+a), c(a + b) lekUrj Js<+h esa rks fl) dhft, , , Hkh lekUrj Js<+h esa gSA
a b c
gy : a(b + c), b(c+a), c(a + b) lekUrj Js <+ h es a gS

 izR;sd esa ls ab + bc + ca ?kVkus ij
– bc, – ca, – ab lekUrj Js <+ h es a gS
–abc ls Hkkx ns u s ij
1 1 1
, , lekUrj Js<+h esa gS
a b c
ab bc 1 1
mnkgj.k # 11 : ;fn , b, lekUrj Js<+h esa gS rks fl) dhft, ,b Hkh lekUrj Js<+h eas gS
1  ab 1  bc a c
ab bc
gy :  , b, lekUrj Js<+h eas gS
1  ab 1  bc
ab bc
b– = –b
1  ab 1  bc

 a b2  1
=

c 1 b2  
 –a + abc = c – abc
1  ab 1  bc
a + c = 2abc
ac ls foHkkftr djus ij
1 1 1 1
 = 2b  , b, lekUrj Js<+h eas gS
c a a c
lekUrj ek/; ¼ek/; ;k vkS l r½ ( l-ek- ): (Arithmetic Mean (Mean or Average) (A.M.)):
;fn rhu la[ ;k,¡ lekUrj Js<+h esa gks] rks e/; in vU; nks inksa dk lekUrj ek/; dgykrk gSA vr% ;fn a, b, c
l-Js- esa gks] rks a ,oa c dk lekUrj ek/; b gSA
a 1  a 2  a 3  .....  a n
fdUgh n la[ ;kvksa a1, a2,..., an ds fy, lekUrj ek/; A = gksrk gSA
n
nks la [ ;kvks a ds e/; n  lekUrj ek/; (n - Arithmetic means between two numbers) :
;fn dksbZ nks l[a; k,¡ a ,oa b gSa vkSj a, A1, A2,...., An, b, l-Js- esa gks] rks a vkSj b ds e/; n lekUrj
ek/; A1, A2, ... An gSA
ba 2 (b  a ) n (b  a )
A1 = a + , A2 = a + ,......, An = a +
n1 n1 n1
uks V : a ,oa b ds e/; fuos f'kr n lekUrj ek/;ks a dk ;ks x] a vkS j b ds e/; ds o y ,d l-ek- dk n xq u k gks r k gS A
n
ab
vFkkZr~”  Ar = nA, tgk¡ A, a ,oa b ds e/; dso y ,d lekUrj ek/; gSA vFkkZr~ A=
r1 2
ADVSS -4
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
mnkgj.k # 12 : ;fn a, b, c,d,e, f, 2 rFkk 12 ds e/; lekUrj ek/; gS] rks a + b + c + d + e + f dk eku Kkr dhft, &
gy : lekUrj ek/;ksa dk ;ksx
6(2  12)
= = 42
2
mnkgj.k # 13 : 3 vkSj 80 ds e/; 10 lekUrj ek/; izfo"B djkbZ; sA

gy : ;gk¡ lekUrj Js<+h dk izFke in 3 gS vkSj 12 ok¡ in 80 gSA vr% 80 = 3 + (11)d
 d=7
vr% Js. kh 3, 10, 17, 24, ........, 73, 80 gSA
 vr% vHkh"V ek/; 10, 17, 24, ........, 73. gSA
vH;kl dk;Z :
(5) 3 rFkk 29 es e/; n lekUrj ek/; bl izdkj izfo"B djk;s tkrs gS fd 6ok¡ ek/; : (n–1) oka ek/; : : 3 : 5 rks n
dk eku Kkr dhft,A
a n  3  bn  3
(6) n ds fdl eku ds fy, , (a  b) a vkS j b dk lekUrj ek/; gS A
an  2  bn  2
Ans. (5) n = 12 (6) n = –2
xq . kks Ù kj Js < + h (Geometric progression (G.P.)) :

xq. kksÙkj Js<+h mu la[ ;kvksa dk vuqØe gS ftudk izFke in v'kwU; gS vkSj izR;sd vkus okyk in mlds ihNs okys in
dks ,d vpj jkf'k ls xq.kk djus ij izkIr gksrk gSA bl izdkj ,d xq. kksÙkj Js<+h esa Øekxr inksa dk vuqikr vpj gksrk
gSA bl vpj jkf'k dks Js<+h dk lkoZ vuqikr dgrs gS rFkk blfy, a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4,...... ,d xq-Js- gS ftldk izFke
in a vkSj lkoZ vuqikr r gSA
1 1 1 1
mnkgj.k (i) 2, 4, 8, 16 ....... (ii) , , , .......
3 9 27 81
ifj.kke : (i) n ok¡ in = a rn1
a rn  1
   , r 1
(ii) xq. kksÙkj Js. kh izFke n inksa dk ;ksx Sn =  r  1
 na , r 1
(iii) xq-Js- ds vuUr inksa dk ;ksx tc r < 1, tc n  rn  0 ;fn r < 1 blfy,
a
S =
1 r

r 1 . 
1
mnkgj.k # 14 : Js<+h 3, 3 , 1 , ....... dk n ok¡ in gS rks n dk eku Kkr dhft,A
243
n–1
 1  1
gy : 3.     n = 13
 3 243
mnkgj.k # 15 : ,d vuUr xq-Js- dk izFke in 1 gS vkSj izR;sd in mlds vkxs vkus okys lHkh inksa ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gks] rks
Js<+h Kkr dhft,A
gy : ekuk fd l-Js- 1, r, r2, r3, ......... gSaA
r2 1
iz'ukuqlkj  r=  r= ,
1 r 2
1 1 1
vr% Js<+h 1, , , , .............. gS A
2 4 8
ADVSS -5
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
mnkgj.k # 16 : ,d xq. kksÙkj Js<+h Js. kh es T2 + T5 = 216 rFkk T4 : T6 = 1 : 4 rFkk Js<+h ds lHkh in iw. kkZad gS rks izFke in
Kkr dhft,A
ar 3 1
gy : ar (1 + r3) = 216 rFkk 
ar 5 4
 r2 = 4  r = ± 2
tc r = 2 rc 2a(9) = 216  a = 12
tc r = – 2, rc – 2a (1–8) = 216
216 108
a= = , tks dh ,d iw . kkZ a d ugha gS A
14 7
vH;kl dk;Z :
(7) og xq-Js- Kkr dhft, ftldk lkoZvuqikr 3, n ok¡ in 486 rFkk izFke n inksa dk ;ksxQy 728 gksA
(8) ;fn x, 2y, 3z lekUrj Js<+h esa gS rFkk x, y, z vleku la[ ;k,sa xq. kksÙkj Js<+h esa gS rks xq. kksÙkj Js<+h dk
lkoZvuqikr Kkr dhft,A
(9) fdlh xq. kksÙkj Js. kh esa 2n in gSaA ;fn fo"ke LFkkuksa ij vkus okys inksa dk ;ksx S1 vkSj le LFkkuksa ij vkus
okys inksa dk ;ksx S2 gks] rks Js. kh dk lkoZvuqikr Kkr dhft,A
(10) rhu la[ ;k,sa tks fd xq. kksÙkj Js<+h es gS dk xq. kQy 216 rFkk mudk ;qXeks es ;ksxQy 156 gSA la[ ;k,sa Kkr
dhft,A
1 S2
Ans. (7) 2, 6, 18, 54, 162, 486. (8) (9) . (10) 2, 6, 18
3 S1
fVIi.kh (Remarks :)
(i) ;fn a, b, c, xq-Js- esa gks ] rks b2 = ac, O;kid :i esa ;fn a1, a2, a3, a4,......... an – 1 , an xq-Js- esa gks] rks
a1an = a1an – 1 = a3 an – 2 = ..........................
a
(ii) lkekU;r;k xq-Js- ds rhu Øekxr in , a , ar, fy, tk ldrs gS a A
r
a a
(iii) lkekU;r;k xq-Js- ds pkj Øekxr in 3 , , ar, ar3 fy, tk ldrs gSaA
r r
(iv) ;fn xq-Js- ds izR;sd in dks xq. kk] Hkkx ;k mldh ?kkr dks fdlh v'kwU; jkf'k ls c<+k nh tk, rks izkIr vuqØe
Hkh xq-Js- gksxkA
(v) ;fn r1 ,oa r2 lkoZ vuqikr okyh nks xq. kksÙkj Jsf<+; k¡ Øe'k% a1, a2, a3,........ vkSj b1, b2, b3,......... gks] rks
vuqØe a1b1, a2b2, a3b3, ..... Hkh xq-Js- esa gksxkA ftldk lkoZ vuqikr r1 r2 gSA
(vi) ;fn a1, a2, a3,.........., tgk¡ izR;sd ai > 0, xq. kksÙkj Js. kh esa gks]rks log a1, loga2, loga3,.......... l-Js- esa
gksrs gS rFkk bldk foykse Hkh lR; gSA
mnkgj.k # 17 : rhu la[ ;k,sa o/kZeku xq.kksÙkj Js<+h es gSA ;fn e/; in dks nqxquk fd;k tkrk gS rks ubZ la[ ;k,sa lekUrj Js<+h
cukrh gSA xq. kksÙkj Js<+h dk lkoZvuqikr Kkr dhft,A
a
gy : xq. kksÙkj Js<+h es rhu la[ ;k,sa , a, ar
r
a
rks , 2a ar lekUrj Js <+ h es gS
r
 1
 2(2a) = a  r   ;k r2 – 4r + 1 = 0 ;k r = 2 ± 3
 r
;k r = 2 + 3 ( o/kZ eku xq . kks Ùkj Js <+ h ds fy, r > 1)
ADVSS -6
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
mnkgj.k # 18 vuUr xq. kksÙkj Js<+h ds inks dk ;ksxQy 2 gSA rFkk inks ds ?kuks l cuh vuUr xq. kksÙkj Js<+h d ;ksxQy 24
gS rks Js<+h dk izFke in ,oa lkoZ vuqikr Kkr dhft,A
gy : ekuk izFke in a rFkk lkoZvuqikr r gSA
a a3 1
 2,  24 , –1 < r < 1 gy djus ij a = 3, r = –
1– r 1– r 3 2
p
  dks , (tgk¡ p, q , q  0) ds :i es a O;Dr dhft,A
mnkgj.k # 19 : 0.423 q
4 23 23 4 a 4 23 419
gy : S=   + .......  =    =
10 103 105 10 1– r 10 990 990
mnkgj.k # 20 : 9 + 99 + 999 + .......n inksa rd ;ksxQy Kkr dhft,A

gy : ekukfd S = 9 + 99 + 999 + .......... inks a rd
= [9 + 99 + 999 + .......] = [(10 – 1) + (10 2 – 1) + (103 – 1) + ........ + n inks a rd]
 10(10 n  1) 
= [10 + 102 + 103 + ...........+ 10n – n] =  9
 n

 
xq . kks Ù kj ek/; Geometric means (mean proportional) (G.M.):
;fn a, b, c xq. kksÙkj Js<+h esa gks] rks a vkSj c ds e/; xq. kksÙkj ek/; b gSA
;fn a vkSj c nksuksa /kukRed gS] rks b = ac vkSj ;fn a vkSj c nksuksa _.kkRed gks] rks b = – ac .
b² = ac blfy, b = a c ; a > 0, c > 0.
a, b ds e/; n xq . kks Ù kj ek/; (n-Geometric means between a, b) :

;fn nks la[ ;k,sa a ,oa b nh xbZ gSa vkSj a, G1, G2,....., G n, b, xq-Js- esa gks] rks a ,oa b ds e/; n xq. kksÙkj
ek/; G1, G2, G3,...., G n gSA
G 1 = a(b/a)1/n+1, G 2 = a(b/a)2/n+1,......, G n = a(b/a)n/n+1
uks V : a vkSj b ds e/; n xq.kksÙkj ek/;ksa dk xq.kuQy] a vkSj b ds e/; dsoy ,d xq.kksÙkj ek/; dh n oha ?kkr ds cjkcj gksrk gS
n
vFkkZr~ G =
r 1
r n n
ab = (G) ] tgk¡ a ,oa b ds e/; dso y ,d xq. kksÙkj ek/; G gSA
mnkgj.k # 21 : 4 rFkk 2916 ds chp es (2n + 1) xq.kksÙkj ek/; izfo"V djk;s tkrs gS rks (n + 1)ok¡ xq.kksÙkj ek/; Kkr dhft,A
gy : 4, G1.G2, ....... Gn+1, .... G2n, G2n+1, 2916
Gn+1 xq . kks Ùkj ek/;ks a dk e/; in gS rFkk ;g iz Fke o vfUre in ls leku nw j h ij gS A
vr% 4,Gn+1 , 2916 Hkh xq. kksÙkj Js<+h esa gksxsa
vr% Gn21 = 4 × 2916 = 4 × 9 × 324 = 4 × 9 × 4 × 81
Gn+1 = 2 × 3 × 2 × 9 = 108.
vH;kl dk;Z :
a n 1  b n 1
(11) n dk eku Kkr dhft, ;fn a rFkk b dk xq . kks Ùkj ek/; gSA
an  b n
111 ..........1
(12) ;fn a =  , b = 1 + 10 + 102 + 103 + 104 rFkk c = 1 + 105 + 1010 + ..... + 1050 gks] rks fl)
55
dhft, fd & (i) ‘a’ la ; q Dr la [ ;k gS A (ii) a = bc.
1
Ans (11) n=–
2
ADVSS -7
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
gjkRed Js < + h (Harmonic progression (H.P.))
dksbZ vuqØe gjkRed Js<+h dgykrk gS ;fn blds inksa dk O;qRØe lekUrj Js<+h esa gSA ;fn vuqØe a1, a2, a3,....,
an , gjkRed Js <+ h es a gks ] rks 1/a1, 1/a2,...., 1/an lekUrj Js <+ h es a gks r s gS
uks V: (i) gjkRed Js<+h ds n inkas ds ;ksx ds fy, dksbZ lw=k ugha gSA gjkRed Js<+h ftldk izFke in a vkSj f}rh; in
ab
b gS ] ds fy, n ok¡ in t n =
b  (n  1)(a  b)
2ac a ab
(ii) ;fn a, b, c gjkRed Js<+h esa gks] rks b = ;k = .
ac c bc
ab a
(iii) ;fn a, b, c lekUrj Js<+h esa gks] rks =
bc a
ab a
(iv) ;fn a, b, c xq. kksÙkj Js<+h esa gks] rks =
bc b
gjkRed ek/; (Harmonic Mean) :

2ac
;fn a, b, c gjkRed Js<+h esa gks] rks a vkSj c ds e/; gjkRed ek/; b gS rFkk b = .
ac
;fn a1, a2 , ........ an , ‘n’ v'kwU; la[ ;k,¡ gks] rks bu la[ ;kvksa dk gjkRed ek/; H fuEu izdkj fn;k tkrk gS&
1 1  1  1  .......  1 
=  
H n  a1 a 2 an 
1 1
mnkgj.k # 22 : gjkRed Js<+h dk 7ok¡ in rFkk 12ok¡ in gS] rks gjkRed Js<+h dk 20ok¡” in Kkr dhft,A
10 25
gy : ekuk a laxr lekUrj Js<+h dk izFke in rFkk d lkoZ vUrj gS
a + 6d = 10
a + 11d = 25
5d = 15
d = 3, a = – 8
T 20 = a + 19d = – 8 + 19 × 3 = 49
1
gjkRed Js<+h dk 20ok¡ in =
49
3 3
mnkgj.k # 23 : rFkk ds e/; 4 gjkRed ek/; izfo"V dhft,A
4 19
gy : ekukfd laxr lekUrj Js<+h dk lkoZvUrj d gSA
19 4

vr% d = 3 3 = 1.
5
1 4 7 3
 H1
= + 1 = ;k H1 =
3 3 7
1 4 10 3
= +2= ;k H2 =
H2 3 3 10
1 4 13 3
H3
= +3= ;k H3 =
3 3 13
1 4 16 3
H4
= +4= ;k H4 = .
3 3 16
ADVSS -8
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
2 12
mnkgj.k # 24: gjkRed Js<+h dk egÙke /kukRed in Kkr dhft, ftlds izFke nks in rFkk gSA
5 23
5 23
gy : laxr lekUrj Js<+h , ........
2 12
30 23 16 9 2 –5
;k , , , , , , .......
12 12 12 12 12 12
12 12 12 12 12 12
gjkRed Js<+h , , , , , – , .......
30 23 16 9 2 5
12
egÙke /kukRed in = =6
2
vH;kl dk;Z :
(13) ;fn a, b, c, d, e ik¡p la[ ;k,sa bl izdkj gS fd a, b, c lekUrj Js<+h eas] b, c, d xq. kksÙkj Js<+h esa rFkk c,
d, e gjkRed Js <+ h es a gS rks fl) dhft, fd a, c, e xq . kks Ùkj Js <+ h es a gS A
(14) ;fn nks /kukRed jkf'k;ksa a rFkk b (a > b) ds gjkRed ek/; ,oa xq.kksÙkj ek/; dk vuqikr 12 : 13 gks] rks fl)
dhft, fd a rFkk b dk vuqikr 9 : 4 gSA
ba bc
(15) a, b, c gjkREd Js <+ h es a gS rks fl) dhft, + =2
ba bc
(16) ;fn a, b, c, d gjkRed Js<+h esa gks] rks fl) dhft, fd ab + bc + cd = 3ad
lekUrjh; xq . kks Ù kj Js < + h : (Arithmetico-Geometric Series):

og Js. kh ftldk izR;sd A.P. vkSj G.P. ds izR;sd laxr in dks xq. kk djds cuk;k tkrk gSa] lekUrjh; xq. kksÙkj Js. kh
dgykrh gSA
mnkgj.kr% 1 + 3x + 5x 2 + 7x 3 +.....
;gk¡ 1, 3, 5,.... lekUrj Js<+h esa gS vkSj 1, x, x 2, x 3..... xq. kksÙkj Js<+h esa gSaA
lekUrjh; xq . kks Ù kj Js . kh ds n inks a dk ;ks x

(Sum of n terms of an arithmetico-geometric series):
ekuk Sn = a + (a + d) r + (a + 2 d) r² +..... + [a + (n  1)d] rn1
rc Sn = a


d r 1  r n 1 

a  (n  1) d r n , r  1.
1 r 1  r2 1 r
vuUr inks a dk ;ks xQy (Sum to infinity) :
;fn r < 1 ,oa n  gks] rc Limit n Limit nrn = 0  S = a  dr

n   r = 0, rFkk n  .
1 r 1  r2
a dr
 S =  .
1  r 1  r  2
ADVSS -9
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
2 3
 4n  1   4n  1   4n  1 
mnkgj.k # 25 : Js. kh 1 + 5 +9   + 13   + ....... ds n inks rd ;ksx Kkr dhft,A
 4n – 3   4n – 3   4n – 3 
4n  1 –4 1 (4n – 3) x ( 4n  1)
gy : Let x = , then  1 – x = , =–  =–
4n – 3 4n – 3 1 – x 4 1– x 4
S = 1 + 5x + 9x 2 + ....... + (4n – 3)x n–1
Sx = x + 5x 2 + ........ (4n – 3)x n
S – Sx = 1 + 4x + 4x 2 + ......... + 4x n–1 – (4n – 3)x n .
4x 1  4x 4xn 
S(1 – x) = 1 + [1 –x n–1] – (4n – 3)x n  S = 1  – – ( 4n – 3)xn 
1– x 1– x  1 – x 1 – x 
( 4n – 3)
= – [1 – ( 4n  1)  (4n – 3)x n – (4n – 3 )x n ] = n (4n – 3).
4
2 3
 11   11   11 
mnkgj.k # 26 : Js<+h 1 + 2   + 3   + 4   + .... ds 10 inks rd ;ksxQy Kkr dhft,A
 10  10
   10 
 11 
gy : ekuk x=  
 10 
ekuk S = 1 + 2x + 3x 2 + 4x 3 + ..... ........(i)
2 3
xS = x + 2x + 3x + ......... ........(ii)
(i) - (ii)  (1 – x) S = 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + ..........
1 1
;k S= 2 S= 2 = 100
(1  x )  11 
1  10 
 
mnkgj.k # 27 : 12 + 22x + 32x 2 + 42x 3 ....... dk vuUr inksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft, (tgk¡ | x | < 1.)
gy : ekuk s = 12 + 22x + 32x 2 + 42x 3 ............  ...(i)

xs = 12x + 22x 2 + 32x 3...............  ...(ii)
(i) – (ii)
(1 – x) s = 1 + 3x + 5x 2 + 7x 3 + ........
1 2x 1 2x 1  x  2x 1 x
(1 – x) s = + 2 s = 2 + s= s =
1 x 1  x  1  x  1  x 3 1  x 3
1  x 3
vH;kl dk;Z :
4d 4  2d
(17) ;fn 4 + + ......... = 1 gS] rks d dk eku Kkr dhft,A
5 52
(18) 1 + 3x + 6x 2 + 10x 3 + ...... vuUr inks a dk ;ks xQy Kkr dhft,A ;fn | x | < 1.
2
 1  1
(19) Js. kh 1 + 2 1   + 3 1   + ...... ds n inksa dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,A
 n  n 
64 1
Ans. (17) – (18) (19) n2
5 (1  x )3
ADVSS - 10
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
ek/;ks a es a lEcU/k (Relation between means) :
(i) ;fn /kukRed la[ ;kvksa a ,oa b ds e/; lekUrj ek/;] xq. kksÙkj ek/;] gjkRed ek/; Øe'k% A, G, H gks] rks G² = AH
vFkkZr~ A, G, H xq. kksÙkj Js<+h esa gS vkSj A  G  H.
8
mnkgj.k # 28 : nks la[ ;kvksa dk lekUrj ek/;] xq. kksÙkj ek/; ls 2 vf/kd gS vkSj xq. kksÙkj ek/;] gjkRed ek/; ls
5
vf/kd gS] la[ ;k,¡ Kkr dhft,A
gy : ekukfd la[ ;k,¡ a vkSj b gSaA vc G2 = A.H. lEcU/k dk mi;ksx djus ij &
 8
G2 = AH = (G + 2)  G    G = 8 ; A = 10
 5
vFkkZr~ ab = 64
,oa a + b = 20
vr% nks la[ ;k,¡ 4 rFkk 16 gSaA
A.M.  G.M.  H.M.
;fn a1, a2, a3, .......an, n /kukRed okLrfod la[ ;k,¡ gks] rks mudk lekUrj ek/; fuEu izdkj ifjHkkf"kr gSa&
a1  a 2  a 3  .......  an
A.M. = ,
n
n
budk xq. kksÙkj ek/; = (a1 a2 a3 .........an)1/n ,oa budk gjkRed ek/; = 1 1 1
  ....... 
a1 a2 an
bls A.M.  G.M.  H.M. }kjk iznf'kZr fd;k tk ldrk gSa] ,oa lerk dsoy rHkh lUrq"V gksrh gS ;fn vkSj dso y ;fn
a1 = a2 = a3 = ..............= an
ab bc ca
mnkgj.k # 29 : ;fn a, b, c > 0, gks] rks fl) dhft, fd 2 + 2 + 3
c a b2
gy : A.M.  G.M. lEcU/k dk mi;ks x djus ij &
ab bc ca 1
2
 2
 2  ab bc ca  3 ab bc ca
c a b   2 . 2 . 2   2 + 2 + 2  3
3 c a b  c a b
1 1 1 1  
mnkgj.k # 30 : If ai > 0  i = 1, 2, 3, ....... prove that (a1 + a2 + a3 .... + an)  a  a  a .....  a   n2
 1 2 3 n 
a1  a 2  a3 .......  an n
gy : lEcU/k A.M.  H.M. dk mi;ksx djus ij 
n 1 1 1 1
  ..... 
a1 a 2 a 3 an
 1 1 1 1 
 (a1 + a2 + a3 .... + an)  a  a  a .....  a   n2

 1 2 3 n 
1 1  1 1  1 1
mnkgj.k # 31 : ;fn x, y, z /kukRed gS rks fl) dhft, (x + y)(y + z)(z + x)  x  y  y  z  z  x   64
   
gy : A.M.  H.M. dk mi;ks x djus ij
2
xy  1 1
 1 1  (x + y)     4 ...(i)

2 x y x y
1 1 1 1
blhizdkj (y + z)  y  z   4 ....(ii) rFkk (z + x)     4 ....(iii)
  z x
 1 1  1 1  1 1 
(i), (ii) rFkk (iii) ls (x + y)(y + z)(z + x)  x  y  y  z  z  x   64
   
ADVSS - 11
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
mnkgj.k # 32 : ;fn n > 0 gks] rks fl) dhft, fd 2n > 1 + n 2n1
gy : la[ ;kvksa 1, 2, 22, 23........... 2n–1 ds fy, A.M.  G.M. lEcU/k dk mi;ksx djus ij
1  2  2 2  .......  2n1
> (1.2 22 23 .........2n–1)1/n
n
pw¡fd lHkh la[ ;k,sa cjkcj ugha gS] vr% lerk ugha gksxh
1
n  ( n1) n  n (n 1) (n 1)
2 1  
 > n 2 2   2n – 1 > n 2 2  2n > 1 + n 2 2
2 1  
mnkgj.k # 33 : ;fn x, y, z /kukRed gS vkSj x + y + z = 7 rks x2 y3 z2 dk vf/kdre eku Kkr dhft,A

gy : A.M.  G.M. lEcU/k dk mi;ks x djus ij
1 1
x x y y y z z
       x 2 y 3 z2 7  x 2 y 3 z2 7
2 2 3 3 3 2 2   . .   1  . .   432  x2 y3 z2
 4 27 4   4 27 4 
7    
mnkgj.k # 34 : ;fn ai >0 lHkh i = 1,2,3 .......n ds fy, ] rks fl) dhft, (1 + a1 + a21) (1 + a2 + a22) ...... (1 + an + a2n) 
3n(a1 a2 a3 ...... an)
gy : A.M.  G.M. ls
1  a1  a12
 a1  1 + a1 + a21  3a1
3
blh izdkj 1 + a2 + a22  3a2
: : :
1 +an + a n  3an
2
xq.kk djus ij
(1 + a1 + a21) (1 + a2 + a22) ......... (1 + an + a2n) 3n(a1 a2 a3 ...... an)
vH;kl dk;Z %
(20) ;fn a, b, c okLrfod ,oa vleku la[ ;k,¡ gks] rks fl) dhft, fd
a2 (1 + b2) + b2 (1 + c2) + c2 (1 + a2) > 6abc
(21) fl) dhft, fd 2.4.6.8.......2n < (n + 1)n. (n  N)
bcd cda dab abc

(22) ;fn a, b, c, d /kukRed okLrfod la[ ;k,sa gS rks fl) dhft, 2
 2
 2
 >a+b+c+d
a b c d2
(23) ;fn x6 – 12x5 + ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + 64 = 0 ds /kukRed ewy gS rks a, b, c, d dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(24) ;fn a, b > 0 gks] rks fl) dhft, fd [(1 + a) (1 + b)]3 > 33 a2 b2
Ans. (23) a = 60, b = –160, c = 240, d = –192
ifj.kke (Results) :
n n n n n
(i)  (ar ± br ) =  ar ±  b r. (ii)  k ar = k  ar .
r1 r1 r1 r1 r1
n
(iii)  k = k + k + k...............n inks a rd = nk; tgk¡ k vpj gS A
r1
ADVSS - 12
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
n
n (n 1)
(iv)  r = 1 + 2 + 3 +...........+ n =
2
r1
n
n (n  1) (2n  1)
(v)  r² = 12 + 22 + 32 +...........+ n2 =
6
r1
n
n 2 (n  1) 2
(vi)  r3 = 13 + 23 + 33 +...........+ n3 =
4
r1
mnkgj.k # 35 : Js. kh ds n inksa dk ;ksx Kkr dhft, ftldk n ok¡ in 3n + 2 gSA

3(n  1) n n
gy . Sn = T n = (3n + 2) = 3n + 2 = + 2n = (3n + 7)
2 2
n
mnkgj.k # 36 : ;fn Tk = k3 + 3k gks] rks T
k 1
k Kkr dhft,A
n n n 2 2
 n(n  1)  3(3n  1)  n(n  1)  3
gy : T k = k 3
+  3k =   + =   + (3n –1)
k 1 k 1 k 1  2  3 1  2  2
n i j
mnkgj.k # 37 : O;atd   1 dk eku Kkr dhft,A

i  1 j  1k  1
1  
n n n
i (i  1)
gy : =  = i2   i
2 2  i 1 
i 1 i  1 
1  n (n  1) (2n  1)  n (n  1)  n (n  1) n (n  1) (n  2)
=  = [2n + 1 + 3] = .
2  6 2  12 6
nok¡ in Kkr djus ds fy, vUrjfof/k (Method of difference for finding n th term) :
;fn u1, u2, u3 ........ ,d vuqØe bl izdkj gS] fd u2 – u1, u3 – u2, ......... ;k rks lekUrj Js<+h gks ;k xq. kksÙkj Js<+h
gks] rks bl vuqØe dk n ok¡ in fuEu izdkj Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gS&
S = u1 + u2 + u3 + ........... + un ................(i)
S= u1 + u2 + ........... + un–1 + un ................(ii)
(i) – (ii)  un = u1 + (u2 – u1) + (u3 – u2) + ........... + (un – un–1)
tgk¡ Js. kh (u2 – u1) + (u3 – u2) + .......... + (un – un–1) ;k rks lekUrj Js<+h esa gS ;k xq. kksaÙkj esa gS]rks ge un Kkr dj
n
ldrs gSa vkSj bl izdkj Js. kh dk ;ksxQy S =  u r gksrk gSA

r 1
uksV : mijksDr fof/k dks fuEu izdkj O;kid cuk;k tk ldrk gS&
ekukfd u1, u2, u3, ......... fn;k x;k ,d vuqØe gS
izFke vUrj 1u1, 1u2, 1u3, ........ tgk¡ 1u1 = u2 – u1, 1u2 = u3 – u2 bR;kfn
f}fr; vUrj 2u1, 2u2, 2u3, ......., tgk¡ 2u1 = 1u2 – 1u1, 2u2 = 1u3 – 1u2 bR;kfn
;g izfØ;k rc rd tkjh jgrh gS tc rd dh k ok¡ vUrj ku1 , ku2 , ........ izkIr u gks tk, tgk¡ k osa vUrj esa lHkh
vUrj cjkcj gksxsa ;k ;s ,d xq.kksÙkj Js<+h cuk;sxs ftldk lkoZvuqikr 1 ls vykok dksbZ la[;k gksxk
fLFkfr - 1 : lHkh k osa vUrj leku gks
bl fLFkfr esa n osa in un dks fuEu izdkj fn;k tkrk gS
k k–1
un = a0n + a1n + .....+ ak , tgk¡ a0, a1, ...., ak dk eku vuqØe ds 'k + 1' inksa ds mi;ksx ls fudkyk tkrk gS
fLFkfr - 2 : lHkh k osa vUrj xq.kksÙkj Js<+h esa gks ftldk lkoZvuqikr r (r  1)
bl fLFkfr esa n osa in un dks fuEu izdkj fn;k tkrk gS un =  rn + a0 nk–1 + a1 nk–2 + ..... + ak–1
ADVSS - 13
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
mnkgj.k # 38 : 1, 3, 8, 16, 27, 41, ..........Js. kh dk n ok¡ in Kkr dhft,A
gy : ekuk s = 1 + 3 + 8 + 16 + 27 + 41 + ...... Tn .....(i)
s= 1 + 3 + 8 + 16 + 27 .......Tn–1 + Tn .....(ii)
(i) – (ii)
Tn = 1 + 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + ....... (Tn – Tn – 1)
 n  1 1
Tn = 1 +   [2 × 2 + (n – 2)3] = [3n2 – 5n + 4]
 2  2
mnkgj.k # 39 : 5, 7, 13, 31, 85 + ...... Js. kh ds n inksa dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,A

gy : mRrjksÙkj inks dk vUrj xq. kksÙkj Js<+h esa gS ftudk lkoZvuqikr 3 gSA
Tn = a(3)n –1 + b
a+b=5
3a + b = 7
 a = 1, b = 4
Tn = 3n – 1 + 4
1 n
Sn = Tn = (3n – 1 + 4) = (1 + 3 + 32 + ...... + 3n – 1) + 4n [3 + 8n – 1]
2
sn Kkr djus ds fy, vUrjfof/k (Method of difference for finding s n ) :
;fn laHko gks] rks r osa in dks nks inksa ds vUrj ls O;Dr djuk pkfg, tSls tr = f(r) – f(r ± 1). ;g fuEufyf[kr mnkgj.k
dh lgk;rk ls le>k;k tk ldrk gSaA
t1 = f(1) – f(0),
t2 = f(2) – f(1),
.....................
tn = f(n) – f(n-1)  Sn = f(n) – f(0)
mnkgj.k # 40 : Js. kh 2.5 + 5.8 + 8.11 + ........... ds n inksa dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,A
gy : Tr = (3r – 1) (3r + 2) = 9r2 + 3r – 2
n n n n  n  n  1 2n  1   n  n  1 
Sn =  Tr = 9  r2 + 3  r –  2 = 9  + 3  – 2n = 3n(n + 1)2 – 2n
 6   2 
r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1    
1 1 1
mnkgj.k # 41 : Js. kh (1  x)(1  3x) + (1  3x)(1  5x) + (1  5x)(1  7x) + ......... ds n inksa dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,A
gy : ekukfd Js. kh dk O;kid in Tr gSA

1
Tr = 1   2r  1 x  1  (2r  1)x 
  
1  1  (2r  1x)   1  (2r  1)x   1  1


1 
vr% Tr =   =  
2x  1  (2r  1)x  (1  (2r  1)x)  2x  1  (2r  1)x  1  (2r  1)x  
 Sn =  Tr = T1 + T2 + T3 + .......... + Tn
1  1  1  n
=   =
2x  1  x 1  (2n  1)x   (1  x)[1  (2n  1)x]
ADVSS - 14
vuqØe ,oa Js.kh
1 1 1
mnkgj.k # 42 : Js. kh 1.4.7  4.7.10  7.10.13 + ............ ds n inksa rd ;ksxQy dhft,A
1 1  1

1 
gy : Tn =  3n  2  3n  1 3n  4  =  
6   3n  2  3n  1 3n  1 3n  4  
1  1 1   1 1  1 1 
=        ......   
6  1.4 4.7   4.7 7.10   3n  2  3n  1  3n  1 3n  4  
1 1  1 
=  
6  4  3n  1 3n  4  
mnkgj.k # 43 : Js<+h1 + 5 + 19 + 49 + 101 + 181 + 295 + ......... dk n ok¡ in rFkk n inks rd ;ksx Kkr dhft,A
gy : vuqØe ds mÙkjksÙkj inks dk vUrj 4, 14, 30, 52, 80 ..... gSA
rFkk f}rh; Øe vUrj 10, 16, 22, 28, ...... gS tks fd lekUrj Js<+h esa
vr% nok¡ in
Tn = an3 + bn2 + cn + d
a+b+c+d =1 ....(i)
8a + 4b + 2c + d = 5 ....(ii)
27a + 9b + 3c + d = 19 ....(iii)
64a + 16b + 4c + d = 49 ....(iv)
(i), (ii), (iii) rFkk (iv) ls
a = 1, b = –1, c = 0, d = 1  Tn = n3 – n2 + 1
sn = (n3 – n2 + 1 )
 nn  1 
=   –
2
nn  12n  1
+n =
n n 2  1 3n  2
+n
 
 2  6 12
vH;kl dk;Z :
(25) fuEufyf[kr Jsf.k;ksa ds n inksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft,A
3 5 7
(i) 2
2
 2 2  2 2 +...........
1 .2 2 .3 3 .4
(ii) 1 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 3) + (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) ........
(iii) 4 + 14 + 30 + 52 + 82 + 114 + ..........
n n
n 1
(26) ;fn T
r 1
r =
8
(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) rks T
r 1 r
dk eku Kkr dhft,A
2n  n2 nn  1n  2 n3  3n
2
Ans. (25) (i) 2 (ii) (iii) n(n + 1) (26) 2 n  1 n  2
 n  1 6   
ADVSS - 15
Sequence & Series
 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

 fpfUgr iz ' u nks g jkus ;ks X; iz ' u gS A
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
Section (A) : Arithmetic Progression

[k.M (A) : lekUrj Js <+ h
A-1. In an A.P. the third term is four times the first term, and the sixth term is 17 ; find the series.
,d lekUrj Js<+h dk r`rh; in izFke in dk pkj xquk gS vkSj NBk in 17 gSA Js. kh Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2, 5, 8,.....
p
A-2. Find the sum of first 35 terms of the series whose p th term is + 2.
7
p
ml Js. kh ds izFke 35 inksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft, ftldk p ok¡ in + 2 gS A
7
Ans. 160
A-3. Find the number of integers between 100 & 1000 that are
(i) divisible by 7 (ii) not divisible by 7
100 ,oa 1000 ds chp iw . kk± d la [ ;kvks a dh la [ ;k Kkr dhft, tks fd &
(i) 7 ls foHkkftr gS a A (ii) 7 ls foHkkftr ugha gS a A
Ans. (i) 128 (ii) 771
A-4. Find the sum of all those integers between 100 and 800 each of which on division by 16 leaves the
remainder 7.
100 ls 800 ds chp mu lHkh iw . kk± dks dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft,] ftUgs a 16 ls foHkkftr djus ij 'ks "kQy 7 iz kIr gks r k
gSa A
Ans. 19668
A-5. The sum of first p-terms of an A.P. is q and the sum of first q terms is p, find the sum of first (p + q)
terms.
fdlh la-Js- ds izFke p-inksa dk ;ksx q vkSj izFke q inksa dk ;ksx p gS] rks izFke (p + q) inksa dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,A
Ans. –(p + q)
A-6. The sum of three consecutive numbers in A.P. is 27, and their product is 504, find them.
lekUrj Js<+h dh rhu Øekxr la[ ;kvksa dk ;ksxQy 27 gS vkSj mudk xq. kuQy 504 gS] rks la[ ;k,¡ Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 4, 9, 14
A-7. The fourth power of the common difference of an arithmetic progression with integer entries is added to
the product of any four consecutive terms of it. Prove that the resulting sum is the square of an integer.
iw. kk±d inksa okyh lekUrj Js<+h ds lkoZvUrj dh prqFkZ ?kkr dks fdUgha pkj Øekxr inksa ds xq. kuQy esa tksM +k tkrk
gks] rks fl) dhft, fd ;g ;ksx ,d iw. kk±d dk oxZ gSA
Toll Free : 1800 258 5555 | CIN: U80302RJ2007PTC024029
ADVSS - 16
Sequence & Series
A-8. If a, b, c are in A.P., then show that:
(i) a2 (b + c), b2 (c + a), c2 (a + b) are also in A.P.
(ii) b + c  a, c + a  b, a + b  c are in A.P.
;fn a, b, c lekUrj Js<+h esa gks] rks fl) dhft, fd
(i) a2 (b + c), b2 (c + a), c2 (a + b) lekUrj Js <+ h es a gS a A
(ii) b + c  a, c + a  b, a + b  c lekUrj Js <+ h es a gS a A
Section (B) : Geometric Progression

[k.M (B) : xq . kks Ù kj Js <+ h
B-1. The third term of a G.P. is the square of the first term. If the second term is 8, find its sixth term.
,d xq-Js- dk rhljk in] izFke in dk oxZ gSA ;fn f}rh; in 8 gks] rks NBk in Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 128
B-2. The continued product of three numbers in G.P. is 216, and the sum of the products of them in pairs is
156; find the numbers
,d xq- Js- ds rhu yxkrkj inks dk xq. kuQy 216 gS] vkSj muds ;qXeks ds xq. kuQy dk ;ksx 156 gS] la[ ;k,a Kkr
dhft,A
Ans. 2, 6, 18 or 18, 6, 2
B-3. The sum of infinite number of terms of a G.P. is 4 and the sum of their cubes is 192. Find the series.
,d vuUr inks okyh xq- Js- ds inks dk ;ksx 4 gS] vkSj muds ?kuksa dk ;ksx 192 gS] rks Js. kh Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 6, –3, 3/2, ......
B-4. The sum of three numbers which are consecutive terms of an A.P. is 21. If the second number is
reduced by 1 & the third is increased by 1, we obtain three consecutive terms of a G.P., find the
numbers.
,d lekUrj Js<+h ds rhu Øekxr inksa dk ;ksxQy 21 gSA ;fn f}rh; la[ ;k esa ls ,d de fd;k tk, vkSj r`rh;
la[ ;k dks ,d ls c<+k;k tk,] rks xq-Js- ds rhu Øekxr in izkIr gksrs gSa] la[ ;k,¡ Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 3, 7, 11 or 12, 7, 2
B-5. If the pth, qth & rth terms of an AP are in GP. Find the common ratio of the GP.
;fn ,d l-Js- dk pok¡, qok¡ ,oa rok¡ in xq-Js- esa gks] rks xq-Js- dk lkoZvuqikr Kkr dhft,A
qr
Ans.
pq
B-6. If a, b, c, d are in G.P., prove that :

(i) (a2  b2), (b2  c2), (c2  d2) are in G.P.
1 1 1
(ii) 2 2
, 2 2
, are in G.P..
a b b c c  d2
2
;fn a, b, c, d xq-Js- esa gks] rks fl) dhft, fd :

(i) (a2  b2), (b2  c2), (c2  d2) xq . kks Ùkj Js <+ h es a gS a A
1 1 1
(ii) 2 2
, 2 2
, xq. kksÙkj Js<+h esa gSaA
a b b c c  d2
2
ADVSS - 17
Sequence & Series
Section (C) : Harmonic and Arithmetic Geometric Progression
[k.M (C) : ÐjkRed rFkk lekUrjh; xq . kks Ù kjh; Js < + h
1 1
C-1. Find the 4th term of an H.P. whose 7th term is and 13th term is .
20 38
1 1
,d g-Js- dk pkSFkk in Kkr dhft, ftldk 7ok¡ in vkSj 13 ok¡ in gSA
20 38
1
Ans.
11
C-2_ Insert three harmonic means between 1 and 7.

1 o 7 ds e/; rhu gjkRed ek/; Kkr dhft,A
14 14 14
Ans. , ,
11 8 5
a– x a– y a–z
C.3_ If = = and p, q, r are in A.P. then prove that x, y, z are in H.P..
px qy rz
a– x a– y a–z
;fn px = qy = rFkk p, q, r lekUrj Js.kh esa gS rc x, y, z gjkRed Js.kh esa gSA
rz
C.4_ If a2, b2, c2 are in A.P. show that b + c , c + a, a + b are in H.P.

;fn a2, b2, c2 lekUrj Js.kh esa gS rc b + c , c + a, a + b gjkRed Js.kh esa gSA
1 1 1 1
C-5. If b is the harmonic mean between a and c, then prove that + =  .
ba bc a c
1 1 1 1
;fn a vkSj c ds e/; ÐjkRed ek/; b gS] rks fl) dhft, fd + =  .
ba bc a c
C-6. Sum the following series

2 3 4
(i) 1+ + 2 + 3 + ........ to n terms.
2 2 2
3 7 15 31
(ii) 1+ + + + + ..... to infinity..
4 16 64 256
fuEufyf[kr Js. kh;ksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft, –
2 3 4
(i) 1+ + 2 + 3 + ........ n inks a rd
2 2 2
3 7 15 31
(ii) 1+ + + + + ..... vuUr inks a rd
4 16 64 256
2n 8
Ans. (i) 4– (ii)
2n1 3
C-7. Find the sum of n terms of the series the r th term of which is (2r + 1)2r.
,d Js. kh ds n inksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft, ftldk rok¡ in (2r + 1)2r gSA
Ans. n.2n + 2 – 2n + 1 + 2.
ADVSS - 18
Sequence & Series
Section (D) : Means, Inequalities A.M.  G.M.  H.M
[k.M (D) : ek/;] vlfedk A.M.  G.M.  H.M
D-1. Using the relation A.M.  G.M. prove that

(i) (x 2y + y2z + z2x) (xy2 + yz2 + zx 2)  9x 2 y2 z2. (x, y, z are positive real number)
(ii) (a + b) . (b + c) . (c + a)  abc ; if a, b, c are positive real numbers
lEcU/k A.M.  G.M. dk mi;ksx djrs gq, fl) dhft, fd &
(i) (x 2y + y2z + z2x) (xy2 + yz2 + zx 2)  9x 2 y2 z2. (x, y, z /kukRed okLrfod la [ ;k,¡ gS A)
(ii) (a + b) . (b + c) . (c + a)  abc ; ;fn a, b, c /kukRed okLrfod la [ ;k,¡ gks A
x100
D-2. If x > 0, then find greatest value of the expression .
1  x  x 2  x 3  .....  x 200
x100
;fn x > 0 gks] rks O;atd dk vf/kdre eku Kkr dhft,A
1  x  x 2  x 3  .....  x 200
1
Ans.
201
16
D-3. The H.M. between two numbers is , their A.M. is A and G.M. is G. If 2A + G 2 = 26, then find the
5
numbers.
16
nks la[ ;kvksa ds e/; gjkRed ek/; gS] mudk lekUrj ek/; A gS vkSj xq. kksÙkj ek/; G gSA ;fn 2A + G2 = 26
5
gks rks la[ ;k,¡ Kkr dhft,
Ans. 2, 8
D-4. If a, b, c are positive real numbers and sides of the triangle, then prove that
(a + b + c)3  27 (a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a)
;fn a, b, c /kukRed okLrfod la[ ;k,¡ gSa vkSj ,d f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk,¡ gks] rks fl) dhft, fd
(a + b + c)3  27 (a + b – c) (c + a – b) (b + c – a)
Section (E) : Summation of series

[k.M (E) : Js f.k;ks a dk ;ks xQy
E-1. Find the sum to n-terms of the sequence.
(i) 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ........ up to n terms
(ii) 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 + .............. up to n terms
vuqØe ds n-inks dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,&
(i) 1 + 5 + 13 + 29 + 61 + ........ n inks rd
(ii) 3 + 33 + 333 + 3333 + .............. n inks rd
1
Ans. (i) 2n + 2 – 3n – 4 (ii) (10n + 1 – 9n – 10)
27
1 3 7 15
E-2.    + .... to n terms.
2 4 8 16
1 3 7 15
Js.kh    + .... n inksa rd dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,A
2 4 8 16
n . 2n – 2n  1
Ans.
2n
ADVSS - 19
Sequence & Series
E-3. (i) If t n = 3n – 2n then find t

n 1
n .
(ii) If t n = n(n + 2) then find t

n 1
n .
(iii)_ Find the sum to n terms of the series 12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + 52 – 62 + .....

(iv)_ 102 + 132 + 162 + ...... upto 10 terms
6 6
2
(v)_ If  (r)  n(2n
r 1
 9n  13) , then find the sum 
r 1
(r)
(i) n
;fn tn = 3 – 2 gks] rks n
t
n 1
n Kkr dhft,A
(ii) ;fn tn = n(n + 2) gks] rks t

n 1
n Kkr dhft,A
(iii)_ Js. kh 12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + 52 – 62 + ..... ds n inksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft,A

(iv)_ 102 + 132 + 162 + ...... 10 in rd dk ;ks xQy Kkr dhft,
6 6
2
(v)_ ;fn  (r)  n(2n  9n  13) , gks ;ksxQy  (r) Kkr dhft,A
r 1 r 1
1 k+1 1 n(n  1) n(n  1)

Ans. (i) (3 + 1) – 2k+1 (ii) k(k + 1) (2k + 7) (iii) – if n is even, if n is odd
2 6 2 2
3 2
(iv)_ 6265 (v)_ (n  3n)
2
E-4. Find the sum to n-terms of the sequence.

Js<+h ds n-inks dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,A
1 1 1
(i) + + + ....
1.3.5 3.5.7 5.7.9
(ii) 1 . 3 . 22 + 2 . 4 . 32 + 3 . 5 . 42 + ....
1 1 n
Ans. (i) – (ii) (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (2n + 3)
12 4(2n  1)(2n  3) 10
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
Section (A) : Arithmetic Progression

[k.M (A) : lekUrj Js <+ h
A-1. The first term of an A.P. of consecutive integer is p2 + 1. The sum of (2p + 1) terms of this series can be
expressed as
Øekxr iw. kk±dks okyh ,d lekUrj Js<+h dk izFke in p2 + 1 gSA bl Js<+h ds (2p + 1) inksa ds ;ksx dks O;Dr fd;k
tk ldrk gS&
(A) (p + 1)2 (B) (2p + 1) (p + 1)2 (C) (p + 1)3 (D*) p3 + (p + 1)3
ADVSS - 20
Sequence & Series
A-2. If a1, a2, a3,........ are in A.P. such that a 1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 = 225, then
a1 + a2 + a3 + ..... + a23 + a24 is equal to
;fn a1, a2, a3,........ lekUrj Js<+h esa gS] rkfd a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 = 225 gks] rks
a1 + a2 + a3 + ..... + a23 + a24 =
(A) 909 (B) 75 (C) 750 (D*) 900
A-3. If the sum of the first 2n terms of the A.P. 2, 5, 8, ....., is equal to the sum of the first n terms of the
A.P. 57, 59, 61, ..., then n equals
;fn l-Js- 2, 5, 8, ....., ds izFke 2n inksa dk ;ksx l-Js- 57, 59, 61, ..., ds izFke n inksa ds ;ksxQy ds cjkcj gks]
rks n dk eku gSa&
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C*) 11 (D) 13
A-4. The sum of integers from 1 to 100 that are divisible by 2 or 5 is
(A) 2550 (B) 1050 (C*) 3050 (D) none of these
1 ls 100 rd iw . kkZ dks dk ;ks x tks 2 ;k 5 ls foHkkftr gS &
(A) 2550 (B) 1050 (C) 3050 (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
A-5. There are n A.M's between 3 and 54, such that the 8th mean: (n  2)th mean:: 3: 5. The value of n is.
;fn 3 vkSj 54 ds e/; n lekUrj ek/; bl izdkj gSa fd 8 ok¡ ek/;% (n  2) ok¡ ek/; :: 3: 5 gks] rks n dk eku gS&
(A) 12 (B*) 16 (C) 18 (D) 20
Section (B) : Geometric Progression

[k.M (B) : xq . kks Ù kj Js <+ h
B-1. The third term of a G.P is 4. The product of the first five terms is
(A) 43 (B*) 45 (C) 44 (D) 4
,d xq- Js- dk rhljk in 4 gS] rks igys 5 inks dk xq. kuQy gS&
(A) 43 (B) 45 (C) 44 (D) 4
B-2. If S is the sum to infinity of a G.P. whose first term is ‘a’, then the sum of the first n terms is
;fn xq-Js- ftldk izFke in 'a' gS] ds vuUr inksa dk ;ksxQy S gks] rks izFke n inksa dk ;ksxQy gS &
  n n n
 a
n
a    a    S 
(A) S 1   (B*) S  1   1    (C) a  1   1    (D) S  1   1   
 S   S    S    a 
  
20
an  1 1
B-3. For a sequence {an }, a1 = 2 and
an
= . Then
3
a
r 1
r is
20  1   1 
(A) [4 + 19 × 3] (B*) 3 1  20  (C) 2 (1 – 320) (D) 1  20 
2  3   3 
20
an  1 1
fdlh vuqØe {an } ds fy, a1 = 2 vkSj an
= gks ]
3
rks a
r 1
r dk eku gS &
20  1   1 
(A) [4 + 19 × 3] (B) 3 1  20  (C) 2 (1 – 320) (D) 1  20 
2  3   3 
B-4. ,  be the roots of the equation x 2 – 3x + a = 0 and ,  the roots of x 2 – 12x + b = 0 and numbers
, , ,  (in this order) form an increasing G.P., then
;fn ,  lehdj.k x 2 – 3x + a = 0 ds ewy ,oa , lehdj.k x 2 – 12x + b = 0 ds ewy gSa vkSj la[ ;k,¡ 
¼blh Øe esa½ ,d o/kZeku xq-Js- cukrh gSa] rks
(A) a = 3, b = 12 (B) a = 12, b = 3 (C*) a = 2, b = 32 (D) a = 4, b = 16
ADVSS - 21
Sequence & Series
B-5. One side of an equilateral triangle is 24 cm. The midpoints of its sides are joined to form another
triangle whose mid  points are in turn joined to form still another triangle. This process continues
indefinitely. Then the sum of the perimeters of all the triangles is
,d leckgq f=kHkqt dh ,d Hkqtk 24 lseh- gSA bldh Hkqtkvksa ds e/; fcUnqvksa dks feykus ls vU; f=kHkqt curk gS ftlds
e/; fcUnqvksa dks iqu% feykus ij fdlh vU; f=kHkqt dk fuekZ. k gksrk gSA ;g Øe vuUr rd pyrk gks] rks lHkh f=kHkqtksa
ds ifjekiksa dk ;ksxQy gS –
(A*) 144 cm (B) 212 cm (C) 288 cm (D) 172 cm
Section (C) : Harmonic and Arithmetic Geometric Progression

[k.M (C) : ÐjkRed rFkk lekUrjh; xq . kks Ù kjh; Js < + h
1 1 3
C-1._ If the 3rd, 6th and last term of a H.P. are , , , then the number of terms is equal to
3 5 203
1 1 3
;fn gjkRed Js. kh dk rhljk] 6 ok¡ vkSj vfUre in , , , gS rks inksa dh la[ ;k cjkcj gSA
3 5 203
(A*) 100 (B) 102 (C) 99 (D) 101
ba bc
C-2._ If a, b, c are in H.P. then the value of + is
b–a b–c
ba bc
;fn a, b, c gjkRed Js. kh esa gS] rc + dk eku Kkr dhft,A
b–a b–c
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D*) 2
C-3._ If the roots of the equation x3 – 11x2 + 36x – 36 = 0 are in H.P. then the middle root is
(A) an even number (B) a perfect square of an integer
(C*) a prime number (D) a composite number
3 2
;fn lehdj.k x – 11x + 36x – 36 = 0 ds ewy gjkRed Js. kh esa rc e/; okyk ewy gksxk &
(A) lela[;k (B) iw . kk± d dk iw . kZ oxZ
(C*) vHkkT; la[ ;k (D) la ;q Dr la[ ;k
C-4. Let the positive numbers a, b, c, d be in A.P. Then abc, abd, acd, bcd are:
(A) not in A.P./G.P./H.P. (B) in A.P.
(C) in G.P. (D*) in H.P.
;fn /kukRed la[ ;k,¡ a, b, c, d l-Js- esa gks] rks abc, abd, acd, bcd gSa &
(A) l-Js -/ xq -Js -/ g-Js - es a ugha gS A (B) l-Js - es a gS A
(C) xq -Js - es a gS A (D) g-Js - es a gS A
1 1
C-5. If 3 + (3 + d) + 2 (3 + 2d) +...... + upto  = 8, then the value of d is:
4 4
1 1
;fn 3 + (3 + d) + 2 (3 + 2d) +...... + upto  = 8 gks ] rks d dk eku gS &
4 4
(A*) 9 (B) 5 (C) 1 (D) 4
C-6._ Let a1 , a2 a3 ........ be in A.P. and h1, h2, h3,...... in H.P. If a1 = 2 = h1 and a30 = 25 = h30 then a7h24 + a14 +
a17 =
ekuk a1 , a2 a3 ........ lekUrj Js. kh esa gS rFkk h1, h2, h3,...... gjkRed Js. kh esa gSA ;fn a1 = 2 = h1 vkSj
a30 = 25 = h30 rc a7h24 + a14 + a17 = cjkcj gS A
(A) 50 (B*) 100 (C) 200 (D) 400
ADVSS - 22
Sequence & Series
C-7. Statement 1 : 3,6,12 are in G.P., then 9,12,18 are in H.P.
Statement 2 : If three consecutive terms of a G.P. are positive and if middle term is added in these terms,
then resultant will be in H.P.
(A*) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
dFku 1 : ;fn 3,6,12 xq-Js- esa gks] rks 9,12,18 g-Js- esa gksxsaA
dFku 2 : ;fn fdlh xq.kksÙkj Js.kh ds rhu Øekxr in /kukRed gS rFkk rhu Øekxr inksa esa e/; in dks tksMk tk,] rks
ifj.kkeh vuqØe ,d g-Js- gksxhA
(A*) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(B) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(C) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gSA
(D) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gSA
1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9
C-8 The sum of infinite series  2  3  4  ......
2 2 2 2
1.3 3.5 5.7 7.9
vuUr Js.kh  2  3  4  ...... dk ;ksxQy gS &
2 2 2 2
(A) 21 (B) 22 (C*) 23 (D) 24
Section (D) : Means, Inequalities A.M.  G.M.  H.M

[k.M (D) : ek/;] vlfedk A.M.  G.M.  H.M
D-1. If x  R, the numbers 51+x + 51–x, a/2, 25x + 25–x form an A.P. then 'a' must lie in the interval:
;fn la[ ;k,¡ 51+x + 51–x, a/2, 25x + 25–x , x  R ,d l-Js- cukrh gks] rks a ds ekuksa dk vUrjky gS&
(A) [1, 5] (B) [2, 5] (C) [5, 12] (D*) [12, )
D-2. If A, G & H are respectively the A.M., G.M. & H.M. of three positive numbers a, b, & c, then the
equation whose roots are a, b, & c is given by:
;fn rhu /kukRed la[ ;kvksa a,b,c dk lekUrj ek/;] xq. kksÙkj ek/; ,oa gjkRed ek/; Øe'k% A, G ,oa H gks] rks og
lehdj.k ftlds ewy a,b,c gSa] gksxh &
(A) x 3  3 Ax 2 + 3 G 3x  G 3 = 0 (B*) x 3  3 Ax 2 + 3 (G 3/H)x  G 3 = 0
3 2 3
(C) x + 3 Ax + 3 (G /H) x  G = 0 3 (D) x 3  3 Ax 2  3 (G 3/H) x + G 3 = 0
D-3. If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that a + b + c + d = 2, then M = (a + b) (c + d) satisfies the
relation: [IIT-JEE-2000, Scr. (1, 0), 35]
;fn a, b, c, d /kukRed okLrfod la[ ;k,¡ bl izdkj gS fd a + b + c + d = 2 gks] rks M = (a + b) (c + d) fdl
lEcU/k dks larq"V djrk gS –
(A*) 0  M  1 (B) 1  M  2 (C) 2  M 3 (D) 3 M  4
D-4. If a + b + c = 3 and a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, the greatest value of a2b3c2.

;fn a + b + c = 3 vkSj a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, rks a2b3c2 dk vf/kdre eku Kkr dhft,A
310.2 4 3 9.2 4 3 9.25 310.25
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
77 7 7
7 7
77
ADVSS - 23
Sequence & Series
D-5. If P, Q be the A.M., G.M. respectively between any two rational numbers a and b, then P – Q is equal
to
fdUgha nks ifjes; la[ ;kvksa a ,oa b ds e/; lekUrj ek/; ,oa xq. kksÙkj ek/; Øe'k% P ,oa Q gks] rks P – Q dk eku
gS &
2
ab ab 2ab  a b
(A) (B) (C) (D*)  
a 2 ab  2 
Section (E) : Summation of series
[k.M (E) : Js f.k;ks a dk ;ks xQy
E-1. Sum of the series S = 12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + .... – 20022 + 20032 is
(A*) 2007006 (B) 1005004 (C) 2000506 (D) none of these
Js. kh S = 12 – 22 + 32 – 42 + .... – 20022 + 20032 dk ;ksxQy gS –
(A) 2007006 (B) 1005004 (C) 2000506 (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
 1
E-2. The sum  r 12
is equal to:
r2
 1
;ksxQy  2
r 1
dk eku gS &
r2
(A) 1 (B*) 3/4 (C) 4/3 (D) 3/2
1 1 1 3 5 2n  1
E-3. If Hn = 1 + + + ...........+ , then value of 1 + + + ......... + is
2 3 n 2 3 n
1 1 1 3 5 2n  1
;fn Hn = 1 + + + ...........+ gks] rks 1 + + + ......... + dk eku gSa &
2 3 n 2 3 n
(A*) 2n – Hn (B) 2n + Hn (C) Hn – 2n (D) Hn + n
E-4. Statement 1 : The sum of the first 30 terms of the sequence 1,2,4,7,11,16, 22,...... is 4520.
Statement 2 : If the successive differences of the terms of a sequence form an A.P., then general term
of sequence is of the form an2 + bn + c.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D*) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true
dFku 1 : vuqØe 1,2,4,7,11,16,22, ...... ds izFke 30 inksa dk ;ksx 4520 gSA
dFku 2 : ;fn fdlh vuqØe ds Øekxr inksa dk vUrj ,d lekUrj Js<+h cukrs gS] rks bl vuqØe dk O;kid in
an2 + bn + c gksrk gSA
(A) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(B) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(C) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gSA
(D*) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gSA
n
1
E-5. The value of 
r 1 a  r x  a  (r  1) x
is
n
1

r 1 a  r x  a  (r  1) x
dk eku gS &
n n a  nx  a a  a nx
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
a  a  nx a  a  nx 2x x
ADVSS - 24
Sequence & Series
PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN
Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN )
1. Column –  Column – 
(A) The cofficient of x49 in the product

(x – 1) (x – 3) (x – 5) (x – 7) ....... (x – 99) (p) –2500
(B) Let Sn denote sum of first n terms of an A.P. If S2n = 3Sn, (q) 9
S3n
then is
Sn
8 12 16
(C) Sum of infinite series 4 + + 2 + 3 + - - - is (r) 3
3 3 3
(D) The length,breadth, height of a rectangular box are in G.P. (s) 6

(length > breadth > height) The volume is 27, the total surface
area is 78. Then the length is
LrEHk –  LrEHk – 
(A) (x – 1) (x – 3) (x – 5) (x – 7) ....... (x – 99) (p) –2500
49
ds xq.kuQy es x dk xq.kkad gS
(B) ekukfd Sn l- Js- ds izFke n inksa ds ;ksx dks crkrk gS ;fn S2n = 3Sn (q) 9
S3n
gks] rks Sn
gS&
8 12 16
(C) vuUr Js.kh 4 + + 2 + 3 + - - - dk ;ksx gS& (r) 3
3 3 3
(D) ,d vk;rkdkj ckDl dh yEckbZ] pkSM+kbZ] Å¡pkbZ xq- Js- esa gS (s) 6
(yEckbZ > pkSMkbZ > Å¡pkbZ) rFkk vk;ru 27 ,oa dqy lrgh {ks=kQy 78 gS] rks
bldh yEckbZ gS&
Ans. (A)  (p), (B)  (s), (C)  (q), (D)  (q)
2. Column –  Column – 

(A) The value of xyz is 15/2 or 18/5 according as the series (p) 2
a, x, y, z, b are in an A.P. or H.P. then 'a + b' equals
where a, b are positive integers.
1 1 1
(B) The value of 2 4 . 4 8 . 8 16 - - -  is equal to (q) 1
(C) If x, y, z are in A.P., then (r) 3

(x + 2y – z) (2y + z – x) (z + x – y) = kxyz,
where k  N, then k is equal to
(D) There are m A.M. between 1 and 31. If the ratio of the (s) 4
m
7th and (m –1)th means is 5 : 9, then is equal to
7
ADVSS - 25
Sequence & Series
LrEHk –  LrEHk – 
(A) Js.kh a, x, y, z, b lekUrj Js.kh ;k gjkRed Js.kh ds fy, xyz dk eku (p) 2
Øe'k% 15/2 ;k 18/5 gSA rc 'a + b' dk eku
tgk¡ a, b /kukRed iw.kk±d gSA
1 1 1
(B) 24 . 48 . - - -  dk eku gS& (q) 1
8 16
(C) ;fn x, y, z l-Js- esa gS] rks (r) 3

(x + 2y – z) (2y + z – x) (z + x – y) = kxyz,
tgk¡ k  N gks] rks k =
(D) 1 rFkk 31 ds e/; m lekUrj ek/; izfo"V djk;s tkrs gS] (s) 4
;fn 7 osa ek/; rFkk (m –1) osa ek/; dk vuqikr 5 : 9 gks] rks
m
dk eku gS&
7
Ans. (A)  (s), (B)  (p), (C)  (s), (D)  (p)
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx-I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
1. Given the sequence of numbers x1, x2, x3, ...... x2013

x1 x2 x3 x 2013
which satisfy x  1 = x  3 = x  5 = ....... = x , nature of the sequence is
1 2 3 2013  4025
x1 x2 x3 x 2013
nh xbZ la[;kvksa x1, x2, x3, ...... x2013 ds vuqØe] x  1 = x  3 = x  5 = ....... = x dks larq"B djrs
1 2 3 2013  4025
gS] rc vuqØe gS&

(A*) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) A.G.P.
3
2. Suppose a, b, c are in A.P. and a2, b2, c2 are in G.P. if a < b < c and a + b + c = , then the value of
2
a is
3
ekuk a, b, c l-Js- esa gSa vkSj a2, b2, c2 xq-Js- esa gSA ;fn a < b < c vkSj a + b + c = gks] rks a dk eku gS–
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) – (D*) –
2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2
3. If 1, 2, 3 ... are first terms; 1, 3, 5 .... are common differences and S 1, S2, S3 .... are sums of n terms
of given p AP’s; then S 1 + S2 + S3 + ... + Sp is equal to
;fn S1 , S2 , S3...... mu p lekUrj Js<h;ksa ds çFke n inksa ds ;ksxQy gSa ftuds çFke in 1, 2, 3 ... rFkk lkoZvUrj
1, 3, 5 .... gks ] rks S1 + S2 + S3 + ... + Sp dk eku gS &
np(np  1) n(np  1) np(p  1) np(np  1)
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
ADVSS - 26
Sequence & Series
4. If the sum of n terms of a G.P. (with common ratio r) beginning with the p th term is k times the sum of
an equal number of terms of the same series beginning with the q th term, then the value of k is:
;fn ,d xq-Js- ¼lkoZ vuqikr r) ds p osa in ls izkjEHk gksus okys n inksa dk ;ksxQy] mlh Js<+h ds q osa in ls izkjEHk
gksus okys leku inksa ds ;ksx dk k xquk gks] rks k dk eku gS –
(A) rp/q (B) rq/p (C*) r p  q (D) rp + q
5. Consider the sequence 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, ..... of all positive integer, then 2011th term of this sequence is
ekuk fd vuqØe 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, ..... lHkh /kukRed iw.kk±d gS] rc bl vuqØe dk 2011ok¡ in gS &
(A*) 2056 (B) 2011 (C) 2013 (D) 2060
  
6. If x =  an , y =  bn , z = c n
where a,b,c are in AP and |a| < 1, |b| < 1, |c| < 1, then x,y,z are in :
n0 n0 n0
(A*) HP (B) Arithmetico–Geometric Progression

(C) AP (D) GP
  
;fn x =  an , y =  bn , z = c n
gks] tgk¡ a,b,c l-Js- esa gS rFkk |a| < 1, |b| < 1, |c| < 1 gks] rks x,y,z
,z gS&
n0 n0 n0
(A*) g-Js- esa (B) lekUrjh; xq.kksÙkj Js<+h esa

(C) l-Js- esa (D) xq-Js- esa
n
a1 a2 a
7._ If a1, a2 , ........ are in H.P. and f(k) =  a
r 1
r – ak  , then ,
f(1) f(2)
,....... n are in
f(n)
n
a1 a2 a
;fn a1, a2 , ........ gjkRed Js.kh esa gS rFkk f(k) =  a
r 1
r – ak  , rc ,
f(1) f(2)
,....... n esa gSA
f(n)
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C*) H.P. (D) None of these ¼buesa ls dksbZ ugha½
8. If a1, a2, a3, ........., an are positive real numbers whose product is a fixed number c, then the minimum
value of a1 + a2 + a3 + .... + an – 1 + 2an is
;fn a1, a2, a3, ........., an /kukRed okLrfod la[ ;k,¡ gSa] ftudk xq. kuQy ,d fLFkj la[ ;k c gS]
rks a1 + a2 + a3 + .... + an – 1 + 2an dk U;wure eku gS &
(A*) n(2c)1/n (B) (n + 1) c1/n (C) 2nc1/n (D) (n + 1)(2c)1/n
n(n  1)2
9. The sum of the first n-terms of the series 1 2 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 2.62 + .......... is , when
2
n is even. When n is odd, the sum is
n(n  1)2
;fn n le gks] rks Js. kh 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 2.62 + .......... ds izFke n inks dk ;ksx gSA ;fn
2
n fo"ke gks ] rks ;ks x gS &
n(n  1)2 n2 (n  2) n 2 (n  1) n(n  2)2

(A) (B) (C*) (D)
4 4 2 4
10. Let Tr and Sr be the rth term and sum up to rth term of a series respectively. If for an odd number n, Sn = n and
Tn1
Tn = then Tm (m being even) is
n2
Tn1
ekuk Js. kh dk rok¡ in Tr rFkk r inksa dk ;ksxQy Sr gSA ;fn n fo"ke la[ ;k ds fy, Sn = n rFkk Tn = rc Tm
n2
gS (m le gSA)
2 2m 2 (m  1)2 2(m  1)2
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
1  m2 1  m2 2  (m  1)2 1  (m  1)2
ADVSS - 27
Sequence & Series
11. If 12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 20032 = (2003) (4007) (334) and
(1) (2003) + (2) (2002) + (3) (2001) + ..... + (2003) (1) = (2003) (334) (x)., then x equals
;fn 12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 20032 = (2003) (4007) (334) vkSj
(1) (2003) + (2) (2002) + (3) (2001) + ..... + (2003) (1) = (2003) (334) (x) gks ] rks x dk eku gS &
(A*) 2005 (B) 2004 (C) 2003 (D) 2001
n n
nn  1n  2n  3  1
12. If 
r 1
tr 
8
, then t
r 1 r
equals
n n
nn  1n  2n  3  1
;fn 
r 1
tr 
8
, rc t
r 1 r
cjkcj gS&
 1 1  1 1
(A*) –    (B)    
 
 n  1n  2 2   n  1 n  2 2 
 1 1  1 1
(C)    (D)  (n  1) (n  2)  2 
 ( n  1) (n  2 ) 2   
1 1 1 2 1 1 1
13. If 2 + 2 + 2 +...... upto  = , then 2 + 2 + 2 +...... =
1 2 3 6 1 3 5
(A) 2/12 (B) 2/24 (C*) 2/8 (D) 2/4
1 1 1 2 1 1 1
;fn 2
+ 2
+ 2
+...... vuUr in = gks] rks 2 + 2 + 2 +...... vuUr in =
1 2 3 6 1 3 5
(A) 2/12 (B) 2/24 (C) 2/8 (D) 2/4
PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

Hkkx - II : ,dy ,oa f}&iw.kk±d eku izdkj ¼SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE½
1. A man arranges to pay off a debt of Rs. 3600 by 40 annual installments which form an arithmetic
series. When 30 of the installments are paid he dies leaving a third of the debt unpaid. Find the value
of the first installment.
,d vkneh 3600 : ds m/kkj dks 40 okf"kZd fd'rksa esa vnk djus dh O;oLFkk djrk gS tks ,d l- Js- dk fu:i.k djrh
gSA tc 30 oha fd'r tek dh tkrh gS rks m/kkj dk ,d frgkbZ cdk;k jgrk gS vkSj mldh e`R;q gks tkrh gSA izFke
fd'r dh jkf'k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 51
2. In a circle of radius R a square is inscribed, then a circle is inscribed in the square, a new square in the
circle and so on for n times. If the ratio of the limit of the sum of areas of all the circles to the limit of the
4k
sum of areas of all the squares as n  is k, then find the value of .

R f=kT;k ds o` Ùk es a ,d oxZ cuk;k tkrk gS vkS j iq u % ml oxZ ds vUnj ,d o` Ùk cuk;k tkrk gS ,oa o` Ùk ds vUnj ,d
u;k oxZ rFkk ;g Øe n ckj pyrk gS] rks lHkh o`Ùkksa ds {ks=kQyksa ds ;ksxQy rFkk lHkh oxksZ ds {ks=kQyksa ds ;ksxQy
4k
dh lhek n  ds fy, vuqikr k gS] rks  dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2
ADVSS - 28
Sequence & Series
3. If the common difference of the A.P. in which T 7 = 9 and T 1T 2T7 is least, is ‘d’ then 20d is–
lekUrj Js<+h ftlds fy;s T7 = 9 vkSj T1T2T7 U;wure gS] dk lkoZvUrj ‘d’ gSa] rc 20d dk eku gS
Ans. 33
4. If x > 0, and log2 x + log2  x  + log  x  + log  x  + log  x  + ...... = 4, then find x.
2
4
2
8
2
16
;fn x > 0 vkSj log2 x + log  x  + log  x  + log  x  + log  x  + ...... = 4 gks ] rks x dk eku gS &
2 2
4
2
8
2
16
Ans. 4
5. Given that   are roots of the equation Ax 2  4 x + 1 = 0 and ,  the roots of the equation
B x 2  6 x + 1 = 0, then find value of (A + B), such that , ,  &  are in H.P.
;fn   lehdj.k A x 2  4 x + 1 = 0 ds ewy rFkk ,  lehdj.k B x 2  6 x + 1 = 0 ds ewy gks] rks (A + B) dk
eku Kkr dhft, ftuds fy, , ,  ,oa  g-Js- esa gSaA
Ans. 11
6. If x i > 0, i = 1, 2, ..., 50 and x 1 + x 2 + .. + x 50 = 50, then find the minimum value of

1 1 1
x1
+ x + .....+ x .
2 50
1 1 1
;fn x i > 0, i = 1, 2, ..., 50 vkSj x 1 + x 2 + .. + x 50 = 50 gks] rks x + x + .....+ x dk U;wure eku gS&
1 2 50
Ans. 50
7. Find the sum of the infinitely decreasing G.P. whose third term, three times the product of the first and fourth
term and second term form an A.P. in the indicated order, with common difference equal to
1/8.
vuUr áleku xq.kksÙkj Js.kh dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft, ftldk rhljk in] izFke vkSj pkSFks in ds xq.kuQu dk rhu xquk rFkk
nwljk in] Øe esa lekUrj Js.kh cukrs gS ftldk lkoZvUrj 1/8 gSA
Ans. 2
8. The number of terms in an A.P. is even ; the sum of the odd terms is 24, sum of the even terms is 30,
and the last term exceeds the first by 10½; find the number of terms.
,d l- Js- esa inksa dh la[ ;k le gS] fo"ke inksa dk ;ksx 24 vkSj le inksa dk ;ksx 30 gS vkSj vfUre in] izFke in
ls 10½ T;knk gSA inksa dh la[ ;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 8
9. If a, b, c are in GP, a – b, c – a, b – c are in HP, then the value of a + 4b + c is
;fn a, b, c xq- Js- esa gS rFkk a – b, c – a, b – c g- Js- esa gS] rks a + 4b + c dk eku gS&
Ans. 0
10. a, a1, a2, a3,..., a2n , b are in A.P. and a, g1, g2, g3,.....g2n , b are in G.P. and h is the harmonic mean of a
a1  a 2n a 2  a 2n  1 an  a n  1 Kn
and b, if + g g + ... + g g is equal to , then find value of K.
g1g2n 2 2n  1 n n 1 20h
;fn a, a1, a2, a3,..., a2n , b l-Js- esa gS vkSj a, g1, g2, g3,.....g2n , b xq-Js- esa gSa rFkk a ,oa b dk gjkRed ek/; h
a1  a 2n a 2  a 2n  1 an  a n  1 Kn
gks] ;fn g1g2n
+ g2 g2n  1 + ... + gn gn  1 dk eku gks] rks k dk eku Kkr dhft,
20h
Ans. 40
ADVSS - 29
Sequence & Series
11. If a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 are positive real numbers such that a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 = 16 then find maximum value of
(a1 + a2)(a3 + a4).
;fn a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 okLrfod /kukRed la[ ;k,sa bl izdkj gS fd a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 = 16 rc (a1 + a2)(a3 + a4) dk
vf/kdre eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 64
12. If the arithmetic mean of two numbers a & b (0 < a < b) is 6 and their geometric mean G and harmonic
mean H satisfy the relation G 2 + 3 H = 48. Then find the value of (2a – b)
;fn nks la[ ;kvksa a rFkk b (0 < a < b) dk lekUrj ek/; 6 gS rFkk mldk xq. kksÙkj ek/; G vksj gjkRed ek/; H tks
lEcU/k G2 + 3 H = 48 dks lUrq"V djrk gS] rc (2a – b) dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 0
5 55 555 5555
13. If S = + 2 + 3 + + ... up to , then find the value of 36S.
13 (13) (13) (13)4
5 55 555 5555
;fn S = 13 + (13)2 + (13)3 + (13)4 + ... vuUr rd rc 36S dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 65
14. If S1 , S2, S3 are the sums of first n natural numbers, their squares, their cubes respectively, then
S 3 (1  8S1 )
is equal to
S 22
S 3 (1  8S1 )
;fn S1 , S2, S3 Øe'k% izFke n izkd`r la[;kvksa dk] muds oxksZ dk vkSj muds ?kuksa dk ;ksxQy gks] rks S 22
dk eku gSa &
Ans. 9
2
25 2 32 4 2 52 6 2
15. If = 12      +........ , then find the value of k
k 5 52 53 5 4 55
2
25 2 32 4 2 52 6 2
;fn = 12      +........ gks ] rks k dk eku Kkr dhft,A
k 5 52 53 5 4 55
Ans. 54
1 2 3
16. If S = + 2 4 + +........, then find the value of 14S.
1  12  14 1  2  2 1  32  34
1 2 3
;fn S = + 2 4 + +........, gks ] rks 14S dk eku Kkr dhft,A
11 1 2 4 12  2 1  3  34
2
Ans. 7
PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
1. The interior angles of a polygon are in A.P. If the smallest angle is 120º & the common difference is 5º,
then the number of sides in the polygon is:
;fn fdlh cgqHkqt ds vkarfjd dks. k l-Js- esa gks rFkk mldk lcls NksVk dks. k 120º ,oa lkoZvUrj 5º gks] rks cgqHkqt
esa Hkqtkvksa dh la[ ;k gS –
(A) 7 (B*) 9 (C) 16 (D) 5
ADVSS - 30
Sequence & Series
2. If 1, logy x, logz y, –15 logx z are in A.P., then
;fn 1, logy x, logz y, –15 logx z l- Js- esa gS rks &
(A*) z3 = x (B*) x = y–1 (C*) z–3 = y (D*) x = y–1 = z3
3. If a1, a2 , ......., an are distinct terms of an A.P., then
;fn a1, a2,............., an ,d lekUrj Js<+h ds fHkUu&fHkUu in gks] rks
(A) a1+ 2a2 + a3 = 0 (B*) a1  2a2 + a3 = 0
(C) a1 + 3a2  3a3  a4 = 0 (D*) a1  4a2 + 6a3  4a4 + a5 = 0
4. First three terms of the sequence 1/16, a, b, 1/6 are in geometric series and last three terms are in harmonic
series if
vuqØe 1/16, a, b, 1/6 ds izFke rhu in xq. kksÙkj Js. kh esa gS rFkk vfUre rhu in gjkRed Js. kh esa gS ;fn
1 1 1 1
(A) a = ,b= (B*) a = ,b=
9 12 12 9
1 1
(C) a = 1, b =  (D*) a =  ,b=1
4 4
5. Which of the following numbers is/are composite
(A*)1111......1 (91 digits) (B*)1111......1 (81 digits)
(C*)1111......1 (75 digits) (D*)1111......1 (105 digits)
fuEu la[;kvksa esa ls dkSulh la;qDr la[;k gS&
(A*)1111......1 (91 vad) (B*)1111......1 (81 vad)
(C*)1111......1 (75 vad) (D*)1111......1 (105 vad)
6. Three numbers a, b, c between 2 and 18 are such that

(i) their sum is 25 (ii) the numbers 2, a, b, are in A.P.
(iii) the number b, c, 18 are in G.P.
then which of the following options are correct.
(A*) a = 5 (B*) b = 8 (C*) b + c = 20 (D*) a + b + c = 25
2 rFkk 18 ds e/; rhu la[;k,a a, b, c bl izdkj gS fd

(i) mudk ;ksxQy 25 gSA (ii) la[;k,a 2, a, b lekUrj Js.kh esa gSA
(iii) b, c, 18 xq.kksÙkj Js.kh gSA
rc fuEu esa ls dkSuls fodYi lgh gSA
(A*) a = 5 (B*) b = 8 (C*) b + c = 20 (D*) a + b + c = 25
7. Consider an infinite geometric series with first term 'a' and common ratio r. If the sum is 4 and the
second term is 3/4, then:
,d vuUr xq-Js- ds fy, izFke in a ,oa lkoZ vuqikr r gSA ;fn ;ksx 4 gks o f}rh; in 3/4 gks] rks &
7 3 3 3 1 1
(A) a = ,r= (B) a = 2, r = (C) a = ,r= (D*) a = 3, r =
4 7 8 2 2 4
 1   1  1 
8. For the series 2   2 

   (2 2  1)     3 2 – 2 
2  2 
  .....
2 2
 
   
Js. kh 2   2  1    (2 2  1)  1    3 2 – 2   1   ..... ds fy,
 2   2 2 2
  
  n1
(A) Sn = 2   
2  n 1  n  
2
n/ 2 
1

 (B*) Tn =    1
2 2  n 1  n   
2
n1
   2
  
2  1 2 
2
  n1
(C*) Sn =
n
 
3  n  1 2  n    2 n/ 2 

1  (D) Sn =
n
 1

3  n  1 2  n   
2
2  n1
 2 2
 
  2  1 2 2 
ADVSS - 31
Sequence & Series
p S2p
1
9. If ak ak–1 + ak–1 ak–2 = 2ak ak–2 , k  3 and a1 = 1, here Sp = a
k 1 k
and given that S does not depend on p
p
1
then may be
a2016
p S2p
1
;fn ak ak–1 + ak–1 ak–2 = 2ak ak–2 , k  3 rFkk a1 = 1 rFkk Sp = a
k 1 k
rFkk fn;k x;k gS fd S , p ij fuHkZj ugha
p
1
djrk gS rc gks ldrk gS
a2016
(A*) 4031 (B*) 1 (C) 2016 (D) 2017/2
n
ak 1
10. If a is constant for every k  1. If n > m  an > am and a1 + an = 66, a2an–1 = 128 and
k
a
i 1
i  126 then
n
ak 1
;fn a izR;sd k  1 ds fy, vpj gS ;fn n > m  an > am rFkk a1 + an = 66 vkSj a2an–1 = 128 rFkk
k
a
i 1
i  126
rc
ak 1 ak 1
(A*) n = 6 (B) n = 5 (C*) a = 2 (D) a = 4
k k
11. The sides of a right triangle form a G.P. The tangent of the smallest angle is
fdlh ledks. k f=kHkqt dh Hkqtk,¡ xq-Js- esa gks] rks lcls NksVs dks. k dh Li'kZT ;k gSa –
5  1 5  1 2 2
(A) (B*) (C*) (D)
2 2 5 1 51
12. If b1, b2, b3 (bi > 0) are three successive terms of a G.P. with common ratio r, the value of r for which the
inequality b3 > 4b2 – 3b1 holds is given by
;f n b 1, b 2, b 3 (b i > 0) ,d xq -J s - ¼ l ko Z vu q i k r r ½ d s r h u Ø ek x r in g k s ] r k s v l f ed k
b3 > 4b2 – 3b1 dks la r q "V djus okyk r dk eku gS &
(A*) r > 3 (B*) 0 < r < 1 (C*) r = 3.5 (D*) r = 5.2
2017 2 2016
13. If a satisfies the equation a – 2a + 1 = 0 and S = 1 + a + a + ..... + a . then posible value(s) of S is/are
;fn lehdj.k a2017 – 2a + 1 = 0 rFkk S = 1 + a + a2 + ..... + a2016 dks a larq"V djrk gS] rc S ds laHkkfor eku gS
(A) 2016 (B) 2018 (C*) 2017 (D*) 2
14. Let a, x, b be in A.P; a, y, b be in G.P and a, z, b be in H.P. If x = y + 2 and a = 5z, then
ekuk a, x, b l- Js- esa gS ; a, y, b xq- Js- esa gS vkSj a, z, b g- Js- esa gSA ;fn x = y + 2 vkSj a = 5z gks] rks
(A*) y2 = xz (B*) x > y > z (C*) a = 9, b = 1 (D) a = 1/4, b = 9/4
15. Which of the following is/are TRUE
(A) Equal numbers are always in A.P. , G.P. and H.P.
b b b
(B) If a, b, c be in H.P., then a  , ,c will be in AP
2 2 2
(C*) If G 1 and G 2 are two geometric means and A is the arithmetic mean inserted between two
G12 G22
positive numbers, then the value of  is 2A.
G2 G1
ADVSS - 32
Sequence & Series
(D*) Let general term of a G.P. (with positive terms) with common ratio r be Tk + 1 and general term of
another G.P. (with positive terms) with common ratio r be Tk + 1, then the series whose general term
Tk + 1 = Tk + 1 + Tk + 1 is also a G.P. with common ratio r.
fuEu esa ls dkSulk lgh gS

(A) leku la[;k,¡ lnSo lekUrj Js<+h] xq.kksÙkj Js<+h rFkk gjkRed Js<+h esa gksrh gSA
b b b
(B) ;fn a, b, c g-Js- esa gks] rks a  , ,c lekUrj Js<+h esa gksxhA
2 2 2
G12 G22
(C*) ;fn nks /kukRed la[;kvksa ds e/; G1 rFkk G2 nks xq-ek- rFkk A ,d l- ek- gks] rks  dk eku 2A gSA
G2 G1
(D*) ekukfd r lkoZ vuqikr okyh ,d xq. kksÙkj Js<+h ¼ftlds lHkh in /kukRed gS½ dk O;kid in Tk + 1 gS vkSj
r lkoZ vuq ikr okyh ,d vU; xq . kks Ùkj Js <+ h ¼ftlds lHkh in /kukRed gS ½ dk O;kid in Tk + 1 gS ] rks Js . kh
ftldk O;kid in Tk + 1 = Tk + 1 + Tk + 1 gS] Hkh ,d xq. kksÙkj Js<+h gS ftldk lkoZ vuqikr r gSA
16. If the arithmetic mean of two positive numbers a & b (a > b) is twice their geometric mean, then a: b is:
;fn nks /kukRed la[ ;kvksa a ,oa b (a > b) dk lekUrj ek/; muds xq. kksÙkj ek/; dk nqxquk gks] rks a: b gS &
(A*) 2 + 3 : 2  3 (B*) 7 + 4 3 : 1 (C*) 1: 7  4 3 (D) 2: 3
n
17. If  r(r  1) (2r + 3) = an
r 1
4
+ bn3 + cn2 + dn + e, then
(A*) a + c = b + d (B*) e = 0
(C*) a, b – 2/3, c – 1 are in A.P. (D*) c/a is an integer
n
;fn  r(r  1) (2r + 3) = an
r 1
4
+ bn3 + cn2 + dn + e gks ] rks &
(A) a + c = b + d (B) e = 0
(C) a, b – 2/3, c – 1 l-Js - es a gS A (D) c/a ,d iw . kk± d gS A
18. The roots of the equation x 4 – 8x 3 + ax 2 – bx + 16 = 0, are positive, if

lehdj.k x 4 – 8x 3 + ax 2 – bx + 16 = 0 ds ewy /kukRed gS ;fn
(A*) a = 24 (B) a = 12 (C) b = 8 (D*) b = 32
PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Hkkx - IV : vuqPNsn (COMPREHENSION)
Comprehension # 1 (Q.1 & 2)

n(n  1)
We know that 1 + 2 + 3 + ....... = = f(n),
2
n(n  1) ( 2n  1)
12 + 22 + 32 + .......... + n2 = = g(n),
6
2
 n(n  1) 
13 + 23 + 33 + .......... + n3 =   = h(n)
 2 
ADVSS - 33
Sequence & Series
vuqPNsn # 1
n(n  1)
ge tkurs gS fd 1 + 2 + 3 + ....... = = f(n),
2
n(n  1) ( 2n  1)
12 + 22 + 32 + .......... + n2 = = g(n),
6
2
 n(n  1) 
1 + 2 + 3 + .......... + n = 
3 3 3 3  = h(n)
 2 
1. Even natural number which divides g(n) – f(n), for every n  2, is
(A*) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) none of these
izR;sd n  2 ds fy, g(n) – f(n) dks foHkkftr djus okyh vf/kdre le izkd`r la[ ;k gS&
(A*) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
2. f(n) + 3 g(n) + h(n) is divisible by 1 + 2 + 3 + ........... + n

(A) only if n = 1 (B) only if n is odd (C) only if n is even (D*) for all n  N
f(n) + 3 g(n) + h(n), 1 + 2 + 3 + ........... + n ls foHkkftr gS &
(A) ds o y ;fn n = 1 (B) ds o y ;fn n fo"ke gS (C) ds o y ;fn n le gS (D*) lHkh n  N ds fy,
Comprehension # 2 (Q.3 & 4)

In a sequence of (4n + 1) terms the first (2n + 1) terms are in AP whose common difference is 2, and the
last (2n + 1) terms are in GP whose common ratio 0.5. If the middle terms of the AP and GP are equal,
then
vuqPNsn # 2
(4n + 1) inks a fd ,d vuq Øe es a iz Fke (2n + 1) in l-Js - es a gS ftldk lkoZ vUrj 2 gS ] rFkk vfUre (2n + 1) in
xq-Js- esa gS ftldk lkoZvuqikr 0.5 gS] ;fn l-Js- rFkk xq- Js- ds e/; in leku gks] rks
3. Middle term of the sequence is
n . 2n  1 n . 2n  1
(A*) (B) (C) n . 2n (D) None of these
2n  1 22n  1
vuqØe dk e/; in gS&
n . 2n  1 n . 2n  1
(A*) (B) (C) n . 2n (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
2n  1 22n  1
4. First term of the sequence is

vuqØe dk izFke in gS&
4n  2n . 2n 4n  2n . 2n 2n  n . 2n 2n  n . 2n
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
2n  1 2n  1 2n  1 2n  1
ADVSS - 34
Sequence & Series
 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

 fpfUgr iz ' u nks g jkus ;ks X; iz ' u gS A
PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
* fpfUgr iz ' u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz ' u gS -
2 3 n
3 3 3 3
1. If an = –   +   + ......(–1)n–1   and bn = 1 – an, then find the minimum natural number n0 such
4 4 4 4
that bn > an  n > n0 [IIT-JEE 2006, (6, 0), 184]
2 3 n
3 3 3 3
;fn an = –   +   + ......(–1)n–1   vkSj bn = 1 – an gks] rks U;wure izkd`r la[ ;k n0 Kkr dhft, rkfd
4 4 4 4
bn > an  n > n0 gS A
Ans. minimum natural number n0 = 5 U;wure izkd`r la[;k n0 = 5
Comprehension # 1
Let Vr denotes the sum of the first r terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose first term is r and the
common difference is (2r – 1). Let
Tr = Vr + 1 – Vr – 2 and Qr = Tr + 1 – Tr for r = 1, 2, ...... [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-1, (4, –1), 81]
vuq P Ns n
ekuk Vr ,d lekUrj Js. kh ds izFke r inks ds ;ksx dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ftldk izFke in r gS vkSj lkoZvUrj
(2r – 1) gS A ekuk
Tr = Vr + 1 – Vr – 2 vkS j Qr = Tr + 1 – Tr ; r = 1, 2, ...... ds fy,
2. The sum V1 + V2 + .... + Vn is
V1 + V2 + .... + Vn dk ;ks x gS &
1 1
(A) n(n + 1) (3n2 – n + 1) (B*) n(n + 1) (3n2 + n + 2)
12 12
1 1
(C) n(2n2 – n + 1) (D) (2n3 – 2n + 3)
2 3
3. Tr is always
(A) an odd number (B) an even number (C) a prime number (D*) a composite number
Tr ges ' kk gS &
(A) ,d fo"ke la [ ;k (B) ,d le la [ ;k (C) ,d vHkkT; la[ ;k (D*) la ;q Dr la[ ;k
4. Which one of the following is a correct statement ?
(A) Q1, Q2, Q3,...... are in A.P. with common difference 5
(B*) Q1, Q2, Q3,...... are in A.P. with common difference 6
(C) Q1, Q2, Q3,..... are in A.P. with common difference 11
(D) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = ......
fuEu esa ls dkSuls dFku lR; gS &
(A) Q1, Q2, Q3,...... l- Js - es a gS ftldk lkoZ vUrj 5 gS
(B*) Q1, Q2, Q3,...... l- Js - es a gS ftldk lkoZ vUrj 6 gS
(C) Q1, Q2, Q3,..... l- Js - es a gS ftldk lkoZ vUrj 11 gS
(D) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = ......
ADVSS - 35
Sequence & Series
Comprehension # 2
Let A1, G1, H1 denote the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, respectively, of two distinct positive
numbers. For n  2, let An – 1 and Hn – 1 have arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means as An, Gn, Hn
respectively. [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-2, (4, –1), 81]
vuq P Ns n # 2
ekuk A1, G1, H1 fdlh nks /kukRed fHkUu&fHkUu la[;kvksa ds Øe'k% lekUrj] xq.kksÙkj vkSj gjkRed ek/; dks iznf'kZr djrs
gSA n  2 ds fy,] ekuk An – 1 vkSj Hn – 1 ds lekUrj] xq. kksÙkj vkSj gjkRed ek/; Øe'k% An, Gn, Hn gSA
5. Which one of the following statements is correct ?

(A) G1 > G2 > G3 > ....... (B) G1 < G2 < G3 < ......
(C*) G1 = G2 = G3 = ....... (D) G1 < G3 < G5 < ...... and G2 > G4 > G6 > ........
fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku lR; gS &
(A) G1 > G2 > G3 > ....... (B) G1 < G2 < G3 < ......
(C) G1 = G2 = G3 = ....... (D) G1 < G3 < G5 < ...... rFkk G2 > G4 > G6 > ........

(A*) A1 > A2 > A3 > ...... (B) A1 < A2 < A3 < ......
(C) A1 > A3 > A5 > ....... and A2 < A4 < A6 < ........ (D) A1 < A3 < A5 < ......... and A2 > A4 > A6 > .......
(A) A1 > A2 > A3 > ...... (B) A1 < A2 < A3 < ......
(C) A1 > A3 > A5 > ....... rFkk A2 < A4 < A6 < ........ (D) A1 < A3 < A5 < ......... rFkk A2 > A4 > A6 > .......

(A) H1 > H2 > H3 > ..... (B*) H1 < H2 < H3 < ......
(C) H1 > H3 > H5 > ... and H2 < H4 < H6 < ...... (D) H1 < H3 < H5 < ....... and H2 > H4 > H6 > ......
(A) H1 > H2 > H3 > ..... (B) H1 < H2 < H3 < ......
(C) H1 > H3 > H5 > ... rFkk H2 < H4 < H6 < ...... (D) H1 < H3 < H5 < ....... rFkk H2 > H4 > H6 > ......
8. Suppose four distinct positive numbers a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 are in G.P. Let b1 = a1 , b2 = b1 + a2 , b3 = b2 + a3 and

b4 = b3 + a4
STATEMENT -1 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are neither in A.P. nor in G.P.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are in H.P.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True ; STATEMENT-2 is a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True ; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C*) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False
(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True [IIT-JEE 2008, Paper-2, (3, –1), 81]
ekuk pkj fHkUu /kukRed la[;k,¡ a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 xq.kksÙkj Js.kh (GP) esa gSaA ekuk
b1 = a1 , b2 = b1 + a2 , b3 = b2 + a3 vkSj b4 = b3 + a4
dFku -1 : la[;k,¡ b1, b2, b3, b4 u rks lekUrj Js<+h A.P. esa gSa vkSj u gh xq.kkRed Js<+h G.P. esa gSA
vkSj
dFku-2 : la[;k,¡ b1, b2, b3, b4 ÐjkRed Js<+h (HP) esa gSA
(A) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gS; dFku-2, dFku-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gS
(B) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gS; dFku-2, dFku-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ughas gS
(C*) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 vlR; gS
(D) dFku-1 vlR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gS
ADVSS - 36
Sequence & Series
9. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is cn2, then the sum of squares of these n terms is
[IIT-JEE - 2009, Paper-2, (3, –1), 80]
;fn fdlh lekUrj Js.kh ds izFke n inksa dk ;ksx cn2 gS] rc bu n inksa ds oxks± dk ;ksx fuEu gS
n( 4n 2  1) c 2 n( 4n 2  1) c 2 n( 4n 2  1) c 2 n( 4n 2  1) c 2
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
6 3 3 6
k –1
10. Let Sk, k = 1, 2,...., 100, denote the sum of the infinite geometric series whose first term is k!
and the
100
1 100 2
common ratio is . Then the value of
k 100 !
+  (k 2 – 3k  1) Sk is
k 1
[IIT-JEE - 2010, Paper-1, (3, 0), 84]
k –1
ekukfd Sk, k = 1, 2,...., 100, ml vuUr xq.kksÙkj Js<h dk ;ksx iznf'kZr djrk gS ftldk izFke in k ! rFkk lkoZvuqikr
100
1 100 2
(common ratio)
k
gSA rks 100 ! +  (k 2 – 3k  1) Sk dk eku gSA
k 1
Ans. 3 [IIT-JEE - 2010, Paper-1, (3, 0), 84]
11. Let a1, a2, a3, ....., a11 be real numbers satisfying a1 = 15, 27 – 2a2 > 0 and ak = 2ak–1 – ak–2 for k = 3, 4, ...., 11.
a12  a 22  ....  a11
2
a  a 2  ...  a11
If = 90, then the value of 1 is equal to
11 11
ekuk fd a1, a2, a3, ....., a11 okLrfod la[;k,¡ gSa tks a1 = 15, 27 – 2a2 > 0 rFkk ak = 2ak–1 – ak–2 ] k = 3, 4, ...., 11. dks
a12  a 22  ....  a11
2
a  a 2  ...  a11
lUrq"V djrh gSaA ;fn = 90 rks 1 dk eku gSA
11 11
[IIT-JEE - 2010, Paper-2, (3, 0), 79]
Ans. 0
p
12. Let a1, a2, a3,....., a100 be an arithmetic progression with a1 = 3 and Sp =  a , 1  p  100.
i 1
i
Sm
For any integer n with 1  n  20, let m = 5n. If S does not depend on n, then a2 is
n
eku yhft, a1, a2, a3,....., a100 ,d lekUrj Js.kh (A.P.) gS tcfd a1 = 3 vkSj Sp = a
i 1
i gS] tgk¡ 1  p  100 gSA
Sm
eku yhft, fd fdlh /kukRed iw.kk±d n, tgk¡ 1  n  20, ds fy;s m = 5n ekU; gSA ;fn S dk eku n ij fuHkZj ugha
n
djrk gS rc a2 fuEu gSA [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (4, 0), 80]

Ans. 3 or 9, both 3 and 9 (The common difference of the arithmatic progression can be either 0 or 6, and
accordingly the second term can be either 3, or 9 ; thus the answers 3, or 9, or both 3 and 9 are acceptable.)
Ans. 3 ;k 9, 3 rFkk 9 nksuksa (lekUrj Js.kh dk lkoZvUrj 0 ;k 6 gks ldrk gS vr% f}rh; in 3, ;k 9 gks ldrk gS] vr%
mÙkj 3 ;k 9, 3 rFkk 9 nksuksa )
13. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers a–5, a–4, 3a–3, 1, a8 and a10 where a > 0 is
okLrfod la[;kvksa a–5, a–4, 3a–3, 1, a8 vkSj a10 dk fuEure ;ksx] tcfd a > 0, gSA
Ans. (8)
[IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (4, 0), 80]
ADVSS - 37
Sequence & Series
14. Let a1, a2, a3,.... be in harmonic progression with a1 = 5 and a20 = 25. The least positive integer n for which
an < 0 is [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-2, (3, –1), 66]
ekuk fd a1, a2, a3,.....gjkRed Js<+h (harmonic progression) esa gS tgk¡ a1 = 5 vkSj a20 = 25 gSA og U;wure /kukRed
iw.kk±d n ftlds fy, an < 0 gS] fuEu gksxk&
(A) 22 (B) 23 (C) 24 (D*) 25
4n k(k 1)
15.* Let Sn = 
k 1
(–1) 2
k2 . Then Sn can take value(s)
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60]

(A) 1056 (B) 1088 (C) 1120 (D) 1332
4n k(k 1)
ekuk fd Sn = 
k 1
(–1) 2
k2 , rc Sn fuEu eku ys ldrk gS%&[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60]
(A) 1056 (B) 1088 (C) 1120 (D) 1332

16. A pack contains n card numbered from 1 to n. Two consecutive numbered card are removed from the pack
and the sum of the numbers on the remaining cards is 1224. If the smaller of the numbers on the removed
cards is k, then k – 20 = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60]
,d xM~Mh esa n dkMZ gSa tks la[;kvksa 1 ls n }kjk fpfUgr gSA nks Øekxr la[;kvksa okys dkMZ xM~Mh ls fudky fn;s tkrs gS
vkSj vof'k"V dkMksZ dh la[;kvksa dk ;ksx 1224 gSA ;fn fudkys x, dkMksZ dh fpfUgr la[;kvksa esa ls y?kqÙkj la[;k k gS] rc
k – 20 =
Ans. 5
b
17. Let a,b,c be positive integers such that is an integer. If a,b,c are in geometric progression and the
a
a 2  a – 14
arithmetic mean of a,b,c is b + 2, then the value of is
a 1
b
ekuk fd a,b,c /kukRed iw. kkZad (positive integers) gS rFkk ,d iw. kkaZd gSA ;fn a,b,c xq. kksÙkj Js. kh (geometric
a
a 2  a – 14
progression) es a gS rFkk a,b,c dk lekUrj ek/; (arithmetic mean) b + 2 gS , rks dk eku gSA
a 1
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-1, (3, 0)/60]
Ans. (4)
18. Suppose that all the terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) are natural numbers. If the ratio of the
sum of the first seven terms to the sum of the first eleven terms is 6 : 11 and the seventh term lies in
between 130 and 140, then the common difference of this A.P. is (Easy)
ekuk fd ,d lekUrj Js.kh (arithmetic progression (A.P.)) ds lHkh in /ku iw.kk±d gSa A bl lekUrj Js.kh esa ;fn igys
lkr (7) inksa ds ;ksx vkSj igys X;kjg (11) inksa ds ;ksx dk vuqikr 6 : 11 gS rFkk lkrok¡ in 130 vkSj 140 ds chp ea
fLFkr gS] rc bl lekUrj Js.kh ds lkoZ vUrj (common difference) dk eku gS
[JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, 0) / 80]
Ans. 9
1
19. The least value of R for which 4x2 + 1for all x > 0, is
x
[JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (3, –1)/62]
1
;fn R vkSj lHkh x > 0 gS] rc 4x2 + 1ds fy, dk U;wure eku D;k gksxk\
x
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
64 32 27 25
ADVSS - 38
Sequence & Series
20. Let bi > 1 for i = 1,2,….,101. Suppose logeb1,logeb2,…,logeb101 are in Arithmetic progression (A.P.) with the
common difference loge 2. Suppose a1, a2,…,a101 are in A.P. such that a1 = b1 and a51= b51. If
t = b1 + b2 + …. + b51 and s = a1 + a2 + … + a51, then [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-2, (3, –1)/62]
(A) s > t and a101 > b101 (B*) s > t and a101 < b101
(C) s < t and a101 > b101 (D) s < t and a101 < b101
ekukfd i = 1,2,….,101 ds fy, bi > 1 gSA eku yhft, fd logeb1,logeb2,…,logeb101 lkoZvarj (common difference) loge
2 okyh lekarj Js.kh (A.P.) esa gSaA eku yhft;s fd a1, a2,…,a101 lekarj Js.kh esa bl izdkj gSa fd a1 = b1 rFkk a51= b51
;fn t = b1 + b2 + …. + b51 rFkk s = a1 + a2 + … + a51 gSa, rc
(A) s > t vkSj a101 > b101 (B) s > t vkSj a101 < b101
(C) s < t vkSj a101 > b101 (D) s < t vkSj a101 < b101
PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u
a1  a 2  ......  ap p2 a6
1. Let a1, a2, a3,..... be terms of an AP. If = , p q, then equals :
a1  a 2  ......  a q q2 a 21
[AIEEE 2006 (3, –1), 120]
a1  a 2  ......  ap p2 a
ekukfd a1, a2, a3,..... ,d l-Js- ds in gS ;fn a  a  ......  a = 2 , p q gks] rks 6 =
1 2 q q a 21
7 2 11 41
(1) (2) (3*) (4)
2 7 41 11
2. If a1, a2, ...., an are in HP, then the expression a1a2 + a2a3 +......+ an – 1 an is equal to :
;fn a1, a2, ...., an g-Js- esa gks] rks O;atd a1a2 + a2a3 +......+ an – 1 an dk eku gS&[AIEEE 2006 (3, –1), 120]
(1) (n – 1) (a1 – an) (2) na1an (3*) (n – 1) a1an (4) n (a1 – an)
3. In a geometric progression consisting of positive terms, each term equals the sum of the next two terms.
Then the common ratio of this progression equals [AIEEE 2007 (3, –1), 120]
/kukRed inksa dh ,d xq- Js- esa izR;sd in vius ckn vkus okys nks inksa ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gS] rks Js<h+ dk lkoZvuqikr gS&
1 1 1
(1) (1  5 ) (2) 5 (3) 5 (4*) ( 5  1)
2 2 2
4. A person is to count 4500 currency notes. Let an denote the number of notes he counts in the nth minute. If
a1 = a2 = .....= a10 = 150 and a10, a11,....are in an AP with common difference –2, then the time taken by him
to count all notes is [AIEEE 2010 (8, –2), 144]
(1*) 34 minutes (2) 125 minutes (3) 135 minutes (4) 24 minutes
,d O;fDr dks 4500 eqnzk uksV fxuus gSA ekuk nosa feuV esa og an uksV fxurk gSA ;fn a1 = a2 = .....= a10 = 150 rFkk
a10, a11,....,d lekUrj Js<+h esa gS ftldk lkoZ vUrj –2 gS] rks mls lHkh uksVksa dks fxuus esa le; yxsxk
(1*) 34 feuV (2) 125 feuV (3) 135 feuV (4) 24 feuV
5. A man saves Rs. 200 in each of the first three months of his service. In each of the subsequent months his
saving increases by Rs. 40 more than the saving of immediately previous month. His total saving from the
start of service will be Rs. 11040 after : [AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
(1) 18 months (2) 19 months (3) 20 months (4*) 21 months
ADVSS - 39
Sequence & Series
viuh ukSdjh ds izFke rhu eghuksa ds fy, ,d O;fDr 200 :- izfrekg cpkrk gSA mlds ckn ds izR;sd eghus esa fiNys ekl
dh cpr ls og 40 :- vf/kd dh cpr djrk gSA ukSdjh vkjEHk gksus ds fdrus eghuksa ds i'pkr mldh dqy cpr 11040:-
gksxh\
(1) 18 eghus (2) 19 eghus (3) 20 eghus (4*) 21 eghus
100 100
6. th
Let an be the n term of an A.P. If r 1
a 2r =  and a
r 1
2r 1 =  , then the common difference of the A.P. is :
100 100
ekuk ,d lekUrj Js<+h dk n oka in an gSA ;fn r 1

a 2r =  rFkk a
r 1
2r 1 =  gS, rks lekUrj Js<+h dk lkoZvUrj gS %
   
(1)  –  (2*) (3)  –  (4)
100 200
[AIEEE 2011, II, (4, –1), 120]
7. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence 0.7, 0.77, 0.777,....., is [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),360]
Js<h 0.7, 0.77, 0.777,....., ds izFke 20 inksa dk ;ksx gS& [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),360]
7 7 7 7
(1) (179 – 10–20) (2) (99 – 10–20) (3*) (179 + 10–20) (4) (99 + 10–20)
81 9 81 9
8. If (10)9 + 2(11)1 (10)8 + 3(11)2 (10)7 + . . . . . . . . + 10 (11)9 = k(10)9, then k is equal to
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
;fn (10) + 2(11) (10) + 3(11) (10) + . . . . . . . . + 10 (11)9 = k(10)9 gS] rks k cjkcj gSµ
9 1 8 2 7
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]

121 441
(1) 100 (2) 110 (3) (4)
10 100
9. Three positive numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle term in this G.P. is doubled, the new numbers
are in A.P. Then the common ratio of the G.P. is [Sequence & Series] [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
rhu /kukRed la[;k,sa c<+rh xq.kksÙkj Js<+h esa gSA ;fn bl xq.kksÙkj Js<+h dh chp okyh la[;k nqxquh dj nh tk;s] rks ubZ cuh
la[;k,sa laekUrj Js<+h esa gks tkrh gS] xq.kksÙkj Js<+h dk lkoZvuqikr gSµ
[JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 2 – 3 (2*) 2 + 3 (3) 2 3 (4) 3 + 2
10. If m is the A. M. of two distinct real numbers l and n(l, n > 1) and G1, G2 and G3 are three geometric means
between l and n, then G14 + 2 G 42 + G34 equals : [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
2 2 2
(1) 4 l mm (2) 4 lm n (3) 4 lmn (4) 4 l2m2n2
;fn nks fofHkUu okLrfod la[;kvksa l rFkk n(l, n > 1) dk lekarj ek/; (A.M.)m gS vkSj l rFkk n ds chp rhu xq.kksÙkj ek/
; (G.M.) G1, G2 rFkk G3 gSa] rks G14 + 2 G42 + G43 cjkcj gS : [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
2 2 2
(1) 4 l mm (2*) 4 lm n (3) 4 lmn (4) 4 l2m2n2
13 13  2 3 13  2 3  3 3
11. The sum of first 9 terms of the series + + + ......... is :
1 1 3 1 3  5
[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 71 (2) 96 (3) 142 (4) 192
13 13  2 3 13  2 3  3 3
Js.kh + + + ......... ds izFke 9 inksa dk ;ksx gS : [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
1 1 3 1 3  5
(1) 71 (2*) 96 (3) 142 (4) 192
ADVSS - 40
Sequence & Series
12. If the 2nd, 5th and 9th terms of a non-constant A.P. are in G.P., then the common ratio of this G.P. is:
[JEE(Main) 2016, (4, – 1), 120]
;fn ,d vpjsrj lekarj Js<+h dk nwljk] 5 oka rFkk 9 oka in ,d xq.kksÎÙkj Js<+h esa gS rks ml xq.kksÙkj Js<+h dk lkoZ vuqikr
gS %
4 7 8
(1*) (2) 1 (3) (4)
3 4 5
2 2 2 2
 3   2  1  4 16
13. If the sum of the first ten terms of the series 1  +  2  +  3  + 42 +  4  +.........., is m, then m
5
   5   5   5  5
is equal to : [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, – 1), 120]

2 2 2 2
 3  2 4 1 16
;fn Js.kh 1  +  2  +  3  + 42 +  4  +.........., ds izFke nl inksa dk ;ksx m gS, rks m cjkcj gS :
 5  5  5  5 5
(1*) 101 (2) 100 (3) 99 (4) 102
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
fo"k;kRed iz 'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½

a  be y b  ce y c  de y
1. If = = , then show that a,b,c,d are in G.P.
.P.
a – be y b – ce y c – de y
a  be y b  ce y c  de y
;fn = = gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd a,b,c,d xq.kksÙkj Js<+h esa gSA
a – be y b – ce y c – de y
2. Find the sum in the nth group of sequence,

fuEu vuqØeksa ds n osa lewg dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft,
(i) (1), (2, 3); (4, 5, 6, 7); (8, 9,........, 15); ............
(ii) (1), (2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8, 9),........
Ans. (i) 2n  2 (2n + 2n  1  1) (ii) (n  1)3 + n3
3. Let a, b be positive real numbers. If a, A 1, A2, b are in arithmetic progression, a, G 1, G 2, b are in

geometric progression and a, H1, H2, b are in harmonic progression, show that
G1 G 2 A  A2 (2 a  b) (a  2 b)
= 1 = .
H1 H 2 H1  H 2 9ab
ekukfd a, b /kukRed okLrfod la[ ;k,¡ gSa rFkk ;fn a, A1, A2, b l-Js- esa] a, G1, G2, b xq-Js- esa vkSj a, H1, H2, b
g-Js- esa gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd &
G1 G 2 A  A2 (2 a  b) (a  2 b)
= 1 = .
H1 H 2 H1  H 2 9ab
ADVSS - 41
Sequence & Series
4. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then prove that
a b c 3
(i) b2c2 + c2a2 + a2b2  abc (a + b + c). (ii) + + 
bc ca ab 2
2 2 2 9
(iii) + + 
ab bc ca abc
;fn a, b, c /kukRed okLrfod la[ ;k,¡ gks] rks fl) dhft, fd –
a b c 3
(i) b2c2 + c2a2 + a2b2  abc (a + b + c). (ii) + + 
bc ca ab 2
2 2 2 9
(iii) + + 
ab bc ca abc
 n  1  n+1
5. If total number of runs scored in n matches is   (2 – n – 2) where n > 1 and the runs scored in
 4 
the kth match are given by k. 2n+1–k, where 1  k  n, find n
 n  1
;fn n eSpksa esa cuus okys dqy ju  4  (2n+1 – n – 2) gks tgk¡ n > 1 rFkk k osa eSp esa cuus okys ju
 
k. 2n+1–k gks ] tgk¡ 1  k  n gks ] rks n dk eku Kkr djks A

Ans. 7
6. If the sum of the first m terms of an A.P. is equal to the sum of either the next n terms or the next p
 1 1  1 1
terms, then prove that (m + n)    = (m + p)   .
m p m n
;fn fdlh lekUrj Js<+h ds izFke m inksa dk ;ksx] ;k rks mlds ckn ds n inksa ds ;ksx ;k mlds ckn ds p inksa ds ;ksxQy
1 1 1 1
ds cjkcj gks] rks fl) dhft, fd (m + n)    = (m + p)    .
m p m n
n n 1 n2
7. Find sum of the series 1. 2 . 3  2 . 3 . 4  3 . 4 . 5  . . . . up to n terms..
n n 1 n2
Js. kh 1. 2 . 3  2 . 3 . 4  3 . 4 . 5  . . . . ds n inksa rd dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft,A
n(n  1)
Ans.
4(n  2)
8. Let a1, a2,........, be positive real numbers in geometric progression. For each n, let An, G n, Hn be
respectively the arithmetic mean, geometric mean & harmonic mean of a1, a2,......, an. Find an expression
for the geometric mean of G 1, G 2,......, G n in terms of A1, A2, ........, An, H1, H2, ......., Hn.
ekukfd /kukRed okLrfod la[ ;k,¡ a1, a2,........, xq-Js- esa gSA izR;sd n ds fy,] ;fn a1, a2,......, an dk lekUrj
ek/;] xq. kksÙkj ek/;] gjkRed ek/; Øe'k% An, Gn, Hn gks] rks G1, G2,......, Gn dk xq. kksÙkj ek/; A1, A2, ........, An,
H1, H2, ......., Hn ds inks a es a Kkr dhft,A
n 1
Ans. G= K 1
( A k Hk ) 2n
ADVSS - 42
Sequence & Series
9. Let a1, a2, ........an, be real numbers such that
1 n(n  3)
a1  a 2  1  a 3  2  ......  an  (n  1) = (a1 + a2 + ......+ an) –
2 4
100
then find the value of a

i 1
i
ekuk a1, a2, ........an okLrfod la[;k,sa bl izdkj gS fd

1 n(n  3)
a1  a 2  1  a 3  2  ......  an  (n  1) = (a1 + a2 + ......+ an) –
2 4
100
rc a
i 1
i dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 5050
p r
10. If a, b, c are in A.P., p, q, r are in H.P. and ap, bq, cr are in G.P., then find + .
r p
p r
;fn a, b, c lekUrj Js<+h esa gS] p, q, r gjkRed Js<+h esa gS vkSj ap, bq, cr xq. kksÙkj Js<+h esa gS rks +
p
dk eku
r
gS &
a c
Ans. +
c a
11. If a and b are pth and qth terms of an AP, then find the sum of its (p + q) terms
p  q a  b  a  b 
Ans.  
2  p  q
;fn a vkSj b fdlh l- Js- ds p osa vkSj q osa in gS] rks mlds (p + q) inks dk ;ksx Kkr djks µ
n n n n
12. Let {an } and {bn } are two sequences given by an = ( x )1/ 2 + ( y )1/ 2 and bn = ( x )1/ 2 – ( y )1/ 2 for all n 
N. Then find a1a2a3........an.
n n n n
ekuk {an } o {bn } nks vuqØe bl izdkj gSa fd an = ( x)1/ 2 + ( y)1/ 2 vkSj bn = ( x)1/ 2 – ( y)1/ 2 ,  n  N.
rks a1a2a3........an dk eku gSa&
xy
Ans.
bn
13. In an A.P. of which ‘a’ is the Ist term, if the sum of the Ist ' p ' terms is equal to zero, show that the sum
a (p  q ) q
of the next ' q ' terms is  .
p 1
,d la- Js- ftldk izFke in ‘a’ gS] ;fn izFke ' p ' inksa dk ;ksx 'kwU; ds cjkcj gS] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd vxys 'q'
a (p  q ) q
inks dk ;ksx  gksxkA
p 1
ADVSS - 43
Sequence & Series
 n1 2   n 1  n
   6   9 a2  0
14. If ai  R, i = 1, 2, 3, .......n and all ai 's are distinct such that  a i
 

a a
i i 1
  i 
 i1   i 1  i 2
and a1 = 8 then find the sum of first five terms.
 n1 2   n 1  n
;fn ai  R, i = 1, 2, 3, .......n vkSj ai fofHkUu bl izdkj gS fd


 a i   6 ai ai1   9 a i2  0
 
   
 i1   i 1  i 2
rFkk a1 = 8 rc izFke ikap inksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft,A

488
Ans.
81
15. If a, b, c are in H.P.; b, c, d are in G.P.; and c, d, e are in A.P. such that (ka – b) e = ab2 then value of k.
;fn a, b, c gjkRed Js.kh esa] b, c, d xq.kksÙkj Js.kh esa rFkk c, d, e lekUrj Js.kh esa bl izdkj gS fd (ka – b) e = ab2 rc
k dk eku gS
Ans. 2
10
a iai 1ai  2
16. Given that a1, a2, a3, .....an form an A.P. find then following sum  a a
i1 i i 2
Given that a1 = 1 ; a2 = 2
10
a iai 1ai  2
fn;k x;k gS fd a1, a2, a3, .....an lekUrj Js.kh esa gS rc fuEu  a a
i1 i i 2
dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft, tcfd
fn;k x;k gS a1 = 1 ; a2 = 2
495
Ans.
2
17. The sum of the first ten terms of an AP is 155 & the sum of first two terms of a GP is 9. The first term
of the AP is equal to the common ratio of the GP & the first term of the GP is equal to the common
difference of the AP. Find the two progressions.
,d l-Js- ds izFke 10 inksa dk ;ksxQy 155 gS vkSj ,d xq-Js- ds izFke 2 inksa dk ;ksx 9 gSA l-Js- dk izFke in]
xq-Js- ds lkoZvuqikr ds cjkcj gS vkSj xq-Js- dk izFke in] l-Js- ds lkoZvUrj ds cjkcj gSA nksuksa Jsf<+;k¡ Kkr dhft,A
Ans. (3 + 6 + 12 +......) ; (2/3 + 25/3 + 625/6 +......) G.P.
 25 79 83 
(2 + 5 + 8 + .....) ;     .......... .  A.P..
 2 6 6 
18. Prove that 2, 3 , 5 cannot be terms of a single A.P..
fl) dhft, fd 2, 3 , 5 ,d lekUrj Js . kh ds in ugha gks ldrs gS A

19. The value of x + y + z is 15 if a, x, y, z, b are in AP while the value of (1/x) + (1/y) + (1/z) is 5/3 if
a, x, y, z, b are in HP. Find a and b.
(x + y + z) dk eku 15 gS ] ;fn a, x, y, z, b la - Js - es a gS ] tcfd (1/x) + (1/y) + (1/z) dk eku 5/3 gS ] ;fn
a, x, y, z, b g- Js - es a gS rks a vkS j b Kkr dhft,A
Ans. a = 1, b = 9 OR ;k b = 1, a = 9
ADVSS - 44
Sequence & Series
n
3n . 5n
20. Find the value of Sn =  (5
n 1
n
 3 n )(5n1  3 n1 )
and hence S.
n
3n . 5n
Sn =  (5 n
 3 n )(5n1  3 n1 )
Kkr dhft, rFkk vr% SHkh Kkr dhft,A
n 1
3
Ans.
4
21. If n is a root of the equation x² (1  ac)  x (a² + c²)  (1 + ac) = 0 and if n HM’s are inserted between a
and c, show that the difference between the first and the last mean is equal to ac(a  c).
;fn lehdj.k x² (1  ac)  x (a² + c²)  (1 + ac) = 0 dk ,d ewy n gS] vkSj ;fn a vkSj c ds e/; n ÐjkRed ek/;
izfo"V fd;s tkrs gS] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd izFke vkSj vfUre ek/; ds chp vUrj ac(a  c) ds cjkcj gSA
22. Circles are inscribed in the acute angle  so that every neighbouring circles touch each other. If the
radius of the first circle is R, then find the sum of the radii of the first n circles in terms of R and .
,d U;wu dks.k  ds e/; o`r bl çdkj cuk;s tkrs gS fd os ,d nwljs dks Li'kZ djrs gS ;fn izFke o`r dh f=kT;k R gS]
rks izFke n o`rks dh f=kT;kvksa dk ;ksxQy R ,oa ds inks esa Kkr dhft,A
n
Ans.
 
R 1  sin 2  1  sin 2 
   1


2 sin 2  1  sin 2  
 
23. Solve the equation (2 + x1 + x2 + x3 + x4)5 = 6250 x1 x2 x3 x4 .where x1, x2, x3, x4 > 0.
lehdj.k (2 + x1 + x2 + x3 + x4)5 = 6250 x1 x2 x3 x4 dks gy dhft, tgk¡ x1, x2, x3, x4 > 0.
24. Let A, G, H be A.M., G.M. and H.M. of three positive real numbers a, b, c respectively such that
G 2 = AH, then prove that a, b, c are terms of a GP.
ekuk A, G, H rhu /kukRed okLrfod la[;kvksa a, b, c ds Øe'k% lekUrj ek/;] xq. kksÙkj ek/;] gjkRed ek/; bl izdkj
gS fd G2 = AH rc fl) dhft, fd a, b, c ,d xq. kksÙkj Js. kh ds in gSA
n 
1 1
25. If Sn = t r  n (2n2  9n  13 ) , then  equals
r 1
6 r 1 r . tr
n 
1 1
;fn Sn =  tr  n (2n2  9n  13 ) gS ] rks  cjkcj gS&
r 1
6 r 1 r . tr
Ans. 1
26. If the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation, ax 2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to sum of the squares of their
a b c
reciprocals, then prove that , , are in H.P..
c a b
;fn f}?kkr lehdj.k ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ds ewyksa dk ;ksx] muds O;qRØe ds oxks± ds ;ksxQy ds cjkcj gks] rks fl)
a b c
dhft, fd , , gjkRed Js. kh esa gSA
c a b
27. In the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0, a  0,  = b2 – 4ac and  + , 2 +  2, 3 +  3 are in G.P.
where  are the root of ax 2 + bx + c = 0, then prove that c  0
fdlh f}?kkr lehdj.k ax 2 + bx + c = 0, a  0 esa  = b2 – 4ac vkSj  + , 2 +  2, 3 +  3 xq-Js- esa gSaA tgk¡
 lehdj.k ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ds ew y gks ] rks fl) djks fd c  0
ADVSS - 45
Sequence & Series
28. If sum of first n terms of an A.P. (having positive terms) is given by Sn = (1 + 2Tn) (1 – Tn) where Tn is the nth
a b
term of series, then T22 = , (a  N, b  N), then find the value of (a + b)
4
;fn lekUrj Js.kh ( ftlds /kukRed in gS) ds izFke n inksa dk ;ksxQy Sn = (1 + 2Tn) (1 – Tn) tgk¡ Tn ] Js.kh dk noka in
a b
gS rc T22 = , (a  N, b  N) rc (a + b) dk eku Kkr dhft,A
4
Ans. 6
ADVSS - 46

(6665) Sheet 1 Sequence and Series B

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Sequence & Series

A sequence whose range is a subset of R is called a real sequence.

e.g. (i) 2, 5, 8, 11, .......................

Example # 1 : Write down the sequence whose nth term is

Arithmetic progression (A.P.) :

Solution : Let a be the first term and d be the common difference

The sum of first n terms of an A.P. :

Solution : Let a be the first term and d be the common difference

choosing (n – 1)/2 = 11 or n = 23 in (1),

Self practice problems :

(2) For an A.P. show that t m + t 2n + m = 2 t m + n

(3) Find the maximum sum of the A.P. 40 + 38 + 36 + 34 + 32 + ..............

Solution : a(b + c), b(c+a), c(a + b) are in A.P.

Arithmetic mean (mean or average) (A.M.) :

Example # 13 : Insert 10 A.M. between 3 and 80.

Self practice problems :

Geometric progression (G.P.) :

e.g. (i) 2, 4, 8, 16, ....... (ii) 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 ,.......

Results : (i) nth term of GP = a rn1

or r = 2 + 3 as r > 1 for an increasing G.P..

Example # 20 : Evaluate 9 + 99 + 999 + ........... upto n terms.

b² = ac, therefore b = a c ; a > 0, c > 0.

n-Geometric means between a, b :

G 1 = a(b/a)1/n+1, G 2 = a(b/a)2/n+1,......, G n = a(b/a)n/n+1

Self practice problems :

Sum to infinity: If r < 1 & n  , then Limit n Limit n

(18) Evaluate : 1 + 3x + 6x 2 + 10x 3 + ...... upto infinite term, where | x | < 1.

Relation between means :

A.M.  G.M.  H.M.

Solution : Using the relation A.M.  G.M.

Self practice problems :

(21) Prove that 2.4.6.8.......2n < (n + 1)n. (n  N)

bcd cda dab abc

(24) If a, b > 0, prove that [(1 + a) (1 + b)]3 > 33 a2 b2

Example # 35 : Find the sum of the series to n terms whose n th term is 3n + 2.

Example # 37 : Find the value of the expression  1

Method of difference for finding n th term :

either in A.P. or in G.P. then we can find u . So sum of series S =  u n

Note : The above method can be generalised as follows :

Solution : s = 1 + 3 + 8 + 16 + 27 + 41 + ...... Tn .....(i)

Solution : Successive difference of terms are in G.P. with common ratio 3.

Method of difference for finding s n :

1  1  (2r  1x)   1  (2r  1)x    1 1 

so let nth term

64a + 16b + 4c + d = 49 ....(iv)

from (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv)

okLrfod vuq Ø e (Real Sequence) :

mnkgj.kr : (i) 2, 5, 8, 11, .......................

vuq Ø e ds iz d kj (Types of Sequence) :

mnkgj.k # 1 : og vuqØe fyf[k, ftuds n osa in fuEu gS &

lekUrj Js <+ h dk n ok¡ in (n th term of an A.P.)

mnkgj.k # 2 : vuqØe 4, 7, 10, 13,........,82 esa inksa dh la[ ;k Kkr dhft,A

lekUrj Js <+ h ds iz F ke n inks a dk ;ks x (The sum of first n terms of an A.P.)

tgk¡  vfUre in gS ,oa t  n1  e/; in gSaA

T12 a  11d 3(23)  8 77 

gy : a(b + c), b(c+a), c(a + b) lekUrj Js <+ h es a gS

mnkgj.k # 13 : 3 vkSj 80 ds e/; 10 lekUrj ek/; izfo"B djkbZ; sA

xq . kks Ù kj Js < + h (Geometric progression (G.P.)) :

mnkgj.k # 20 : 9 + 99 + 999 + .......n inksa rd ;ksxQy Kkr dhft,A

a, b ds e/; n xq . kks Ù kj ek/; (n-Geometric means between a, b) :

gjkRed ek/; (Harmonic Mean) :

lekUrjh; xq . kks Ù kj Js < + h : (Arithmetico-Geometric Series):

lekUrjh; xq . kks Ù kj Js . kh ds n inks a dk ;ks x