NATIONALISTIC / PROPAGANDA AND REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD

A nation pertains to a stable, historically developed community of people with

territory, economy, culture and language united under one government. Nationalism means
love for one’s country and its people. The influx of liberal ideas from Europe with the
opening of Suez Canal paved the way of the Nationalistic period.
Nationalistic period covers the Propaganda movements and the Revolutionary
movement. Propaganda means the good reforms to be established.
Characteristics:
1. Planted seeds of nationalism in Filipinos- because of the Propaganda movement.
2. Language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog- to use the primary language of the Filipinos.
3. Addressed the masses instead of the “intelligentsia”- means to establish education to
all.
Literary Forms:
1. Propaganda Literature- written documents with peaceful means and words.
a. Political Essays- Talks about the News Articles (Newspapers), editorials, or any
written which exposes the anomalies of the Spanish government.
- Diariong Tagalog- Founded by Marcelo H. del Pilar
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar was a member of SOLIDARIDAD in Madrid and the
second editor of La Solidaridad. Born on August 30, 1850 in (Cupang) San
Nicholas, Bulacan. He was regarded as the Most Dangerous by the
Spaniards due to his strong words. He use the pen-name of PLARIDEL.
- La Solidaridad- Graciano Lopez-Jaena as editor
 Graciano Lopez Jaena was born on Dec 18, 1856 at Ilo-Ilo. He was the first
editor of La Solidaridad. He was regarded as the orator because of his
good talks.
The contributors of the La Solidaridad were mostly Filipinos, such as:
Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel) Dr. Pedro Paterno
Dr. Jose Rizal (Laong Laan) Antonio Ma. Regidor
Mariano Ponce (Naning, Isabelo delos Reyes
Kalipulako, Tikbalang) Eduardo de Lete
Antonio Luna (Taga Ilog) Jose Alejandrino
Jose Ma. Panganiban (Jomapa)
b. Political Novels- these are novels which is used to describe the Spanish Government in
the Philippines.
- Noli Me Tangere- its meaning is “touch me not”. This was written by Dr Jose
Rizal. It is a novel about the story of Crisostomo Ibarra which is also related to
the life of Rizal.
 - El Filibusterismo- the continuation of Noli Me Tangere. It means, “The Reign of
Greed”.
 Dr. Jose P. Rizal (Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso
Realonda) - Born on June 19, 1861 at Calamba, Laguna. Honorary
President of La Solidaridad and the founder of La Liga Filipina. His 2 novels
paved the way of the revolution.
2. Revolutionary Literature- Risky written papers which is a direct attack to the Spanish
Government.
a. Political Essay
- Kalayaan- the next newspaper of the Katipunan after the Diariong Tagalog.
Edited by Emilio Jacinto.
 Emilio Jacinto- Born on Dec. 15, 1875 at Trozo, Manila. He is considered as
the brain of the Katipunan and uses the alias “Pingkian”. He is also the
editor of Kalayaan. His Famous poem was “A La Patria” inspired from Rizal’s
“Mi Ultimo Adios”. His pen-name is Dimasilaw. Wrote the Kartilya, Primer
of Katipunan which contain the rules and regulations of the group.
- Liwanag at Dilim- it is the political, philosophical and literary masterpiece
written by Emilio Jacinto.
b. Poetry
- True Decalogue – combination of moral principles and political concepts that
were often presented side by side with one another. It was written by
Apolinario Mabini.
 Apolinario Mabini- Born July 22, 1864 in Tanuan, Batangas. He was known
as the “Dakilang Paralitikong Utak ng Katipunan”.
- Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas- written by Andres Bonifacio
 Andres Bonifacio- Born on Nov. 30, 1863 at Tondo, Manila. The Supremo
of Katipunan. Leader of the first division of the Katipunan, Magdiwang.