William Stallings Architecture & Organization 1

Computer Organization • Architecture is those attributes visible to

and Architecture the programmer
—Instruction set, number of bits used for data
representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing
techniques.
Chapter 1 —e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
Introduction
• Organization is how features are
implemented
—Control signals, interfaces, memory
technology.
—e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it
done by repeated addition?

Architecture & Organization 2 Structure & Function

• All Intel x86 family share the same basic • Structure is the way in which components
architecture relate to each other
• The IBM System/370 family share the • Function is the operation of individual
same basic architecture components as part of the structure

• This gives code compatibility

—At least backwards
• Organization differs between different
versions

Function Functional View

• All computer functions are:
—Data processing
—Data storage
—Data movement
—Control

1
 Operations (a) Data movement Operations (b) Storage

Operation (d)
Operation (c) Processing from/to storage Processing from storage to I/O

Structure - Top Level Structure - The CPU

Peripherals Computer CPU

Central Main Computer Arithmetic

Processing Registers and
Memory
Unit I/O Login Unit
System CPU
Computer Bus
Systems Internal CPU
Interconnection Memory Interconnection

Input Control
Output Unit
Communication
lines

2
Structure - The Control Unit Outline of the Book (1)
• Computer Evolution and Performance
• Computer Interconnection Structures
Control Unit • Internal Memory
• External Memory
CPU
ALU
Sequencing
Login
• Input/Output
Internal
Bus
Control
Unit • Operating Systems Support
Control Unit
Registers Registers and • Computer Arithmetic
Decoders
• Instruction Sets
Control
Memory

Internet Resources
Outline of the Book (2) - Web site for book
• CPU Structure and Function • http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA7e.html
— links to sites of interest
• Reduced Instruction Set Computers — links to sites for courses that use the book
• Superscalar Processors — errata list for book
• Control Unit Operation — information on other books by W. Stallings
• http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html
• Microprogrammed Control
— Math
• Multiprocessors and Vector Processing — How-to
• Digital Logic (Appendix) — Research resources
— Misc

Internet Resources Internet Resources

- Web sites to look for - Usenet News Groups
• WWW Computer Architecture Home Page • comp.arch
• CPU Info Center • comp.arch.arithmetic
• Processor Emporium • comp.arch.storage
• ACM Special Interest Group on Computer • comp.parallel
Architecture
• IEEE Technical Committee on Computer
Architecture
• Intel Technology Journal
• Manufacturer’s sites
—Intel, IBM, etc.