EFFECTIVENESS OF CCTV INSTALLATION FOR THE SAFE AND

SECURITY OF ABM STUDENTS OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

INSTITUTE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SY: 2017-2018

A Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School

of

Southern Philippines Institute of Science and Technology

In partial fulfillment

of the requirements of the subject

Practical Research 2

Angeles, Camille Anne P.

Diamante, Cindy Jane A.
Garcimo, Alexies S.
Magdaluyo, Myca Lorraine T.
Ocampo, Ma. Mikaela F.
Tamayo, Richelle Mae R.

October, 2017
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Security and safety of the students inside the schools are one of the priority of

the management. In order to keep the students monitored and secured there are

regulations that the school uses such as installing CCTV Cameras around the campus.

CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television) is a device used in order to monitor the

surroundings for security purposes. It is placed in areas where they can monitor

activity as it takes place. It can zoom in or out, tilt and pan. With this system it can

easily recall and view what happened. This could also help to avoid vandalism,

violence and bullying in school.

Corpuz (2011) Installation of Surveillance Camera Systems as a way to

determine crimes or criminal acts has gained traction in recent years. In some

countries, surveillance camera systems also known as CCTV Cameras have also

installed in Education Institutions have started to install cameras inside the

classrooms as a means not just to monitor the teacher, but also to address classrooms

behavior.

The Philippines CCTV Camera Act of 2012 which was formally introduced by

Mrs. Miriam Defensor Santiago in December 2012 in front of all the senate. Recent

reports confirm that law will now only impact all the business establishment. It means

that in accordance with the changes Law will now force all businesses currently
operating within in the country to install and maintain CCTV Cameras within their

premises.

The Management Association of Security and School Officials, Inc. (MASSO)

is proposing that schools and universities put CCTV Cameras in Strategic areas

(Masangcay, 2011) encourage all their members to put up CCTV Cameras in areas

such as main entrances, registration, office, cashiers and parking. Members come

from both public and private schools. DepEd, PTA urged to provide security guards,

CCTVs in schools according to Limmong said PRO-Cordillera recorded last year

(2016) atleast nine (9) robbery incidents in Benguet and one (1) in Apayao where

perpetrators took several computer units and other gadgets being used by teachers and

students.

This study has been conceptualized to know the safe and for the security of the

students and knowing the effect from the students. The researcher will find out how

CCTV can secure the students for their safety by using a right way like having our

survey questionnaires. Being aware for the students security is better to understand

because it is for themselves also.

Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted to trace the Effectiveness of CCTV Installation for

the Safe and Security of ABM Students of Southern Philippines Institute of Science

and Technology.

Specifically, the study aimed to answer the following questions:

1. What is the effectiveness of CCTV installation in Southern Philippines Institute of

Science

and Technology?

2. What is the extent of safe and security of the ABM students in Southern Philippines

Institute of Science and Technology?

3. Is there any significant relationship between the effectiveness of CCTV installation

and the

safe and security of ABM students in Southern Philippines Institute of Science and

Technology?

Objectives of the Problem

This study was guided by the following objectives:

1. To determine the effectiveness of CCTV installation in Southern Philippines

Institute of Science and Technology.

2. To determine the extent of safe and security of the ABM students in Southern

Philippines Institute of Science and Technology

3. To determine significant relationship between the effectiveness of CCTV

installation and the safe and security of ABM students in Southern Philippines

Institute of Science and Technology.

Scope and Limitations

This study investigated the effectiveness of CCTV installation for the safe and

security of ABM Students in Southern Philippines Institute of Science and

Technology.
 Significance of the Study

This generalization of this present study would be great contribution to

the following:

School Administrator. This study will help them immediately take an action for the

problem.

Teachers. This study will make them know how CCTV footage are important as an

evidence if there is a case of incidents in Southern Philippines Institute of Science

and Technology.

Parents. This study will help them to be aware of what is happening to their child in

Southern Philippines Institute of Science and Technology.

Students. This study will make them aware in their surroundings for having a safe

and secured facilities.

Future Researchers. This study will provide additional information and maybe used

as reference in conducting related stu

 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization conclusions and

others. These are included in this chapter that helps in familiarizing information that

are relevant and similar to the present study. The foreign and local literature and

studies would serve as a guide and support in the interpretation and analysis of the

data gathered.

QUEZON CITY NOW UNDER SURVEILLANCE

According to Bautista (2012), the Quezon City government is mulling the

installation of CCTV (closed-circuit television) cameras in public schools to improve

the security measures for more than 400,000 public school students. “Surveillance

cameras are needed to make up for the lack of security personnel in Quezon City’s

public schools,” said City Mayor Herbert Bautista in a recent meeting on child safety

in public places. The meeting was organized by the city government and the Quezon

City Association of Filipino-Chinese Businessmen, Inc. QCAFCBI, with top police

officials. In a statement, Bautista said the city government remains serious in its anti-

crime campaign especially human trafficking and kidnapping. Quezon City is known

to have the largest school age population in the country. Data from the city
government showed that of the estimated 572,896 school-age children in Quezon City

in 2010, 72.5 percent were enrolled in the city’s public schools.

SURVEILLANCE CAMERAS FOR THE SECURITY OF THE

STUDENTS

According to Shepherd (2009), Hundreds of primary and secondary schools

across the country intend to install CCTV cameras in classrooms over the next five

years to root out bad teachers and check up on naughty pupils, Education Guardian

has learned. The revelation comes after a comprehensive in a deprived south London

neighborhood, Stockwell Park high school, said late last month that it had installed

100 cameras – two in each of its classrooms and 40 in its canteen, corridors and

playgrounds. The company behind Stockwell Park's surveillance network is

Hertfordshire-based Class watch, of which the shadow children's minister, Tim

Loughton, is chair. Class watch says hundreds of schools have expressed an interest

in installing cameras in classrooms over the next five years. They include grammar

schools. A high-performing grammar in Kent has recently placed an order. A poll of

North Americans in the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in

December 2012 has revealed that the majority of people would prefer their children

attend a school with video surveillance systems rather than one without.

According to Rodriguez (2013) CCTV or Closed Circuit Cameras are video

cameras used for the purposed of observing an area. They are often connected to a
recording device, IP network, and/or watched by a security personnel/law

enforcement officer. Video Surveillance Systems consist of cameras placed in areas

where they can monitor activity as it takes place.

KEY SECURITY MEASURES

According to Schmode (2014) said HD video surveillance and access control

in schools are “key security measures” and that they could be used to keep out

intruders, reduce bullying, and even ensure higher enrollment. One university in

Sydney was able to reduce crime by 25 percent year-over-year following the

installation of a new security system, he said.

HD SURVEILLANCE CAMERAS

According to Miller (2014), director of campus safety and emergency

management at Des Moines Area Community College, explains that he believes HD

video surveillance can improve safety and security in an educational establishment.

According to him he thinks there is a good deterrent factor when people know you

have good video surveillance. We don’t make any secret of the fact that we have

video surveillance and we want people to know that public areas are under

surveillance. Miller explained that he does face questions from concerned parents

about their security operations, but that it’s not something he faces every day.
 FEEDBACK ABOUT CCTV CAMERAS

According to Tobin (2009), "It's a terrible idea to have CCTV in classrooms.

It’s one thing in corridors – we have them there at my school, and it's good for

security and makes it harder for things like bullying to take place. But during lessons,

it's a teacher's job to make sure kids aren't misbehaving. Cameras would make

teachers become lazier. "Cameras allow schools to keep tabs on truants, and would

provide extra protection for both teachers and pupils if any cases of harassment were

to be brought about. Too often it's one word against the other – cameras would put a

stop to that."

According to Lane, (2009), an English teacher "Schools need to think why

they're using cameras in the first place. What will the evidence are used for? That

must be communicated to children, teachers and parents before cameras start rolling.

There's a danger that CCTV will erode kids' internal control - good behavior shouldn't

stem from a camera on the wall."

According to Knights (2009), "CCTV is a good idea if it's used to monitor

people coming in and out of schools, but in the classroom it's just an extra intrusion

into the teaching space. If a teacher is concerned about discipline, he or she should

keep the door open - there are normally always people patrolling the corridor. CCTV

is just another thing for kids to play up to."

According to Sacofsky (2009), "CCTV in schools is vital. It protects teachers

and students alike, ensuring that those who perpetrate unpleasant acts can be
prosecuted. I don't feel that any teacher really perceives it as having an unpleasant

element of big brother. We are all aware of its value."

According to Jewitt (2007), in many parts of America, Europe and Asia,

CCTV surveillance proved one of the best ways of crime prevention as the criminal

cases decreased proportionately as more of the cameras came into existence.

However, the comfort from their use lasted no long the people soon went back to the

old ways. Old crimes started to resurface thus a good number of people began to lose

faith in the cameras. This paper evaluates how effectively CCTV can help deal with

the criminal cases with the goal of determining the relevance and benefits of their

application and use.

Synthesis

In this study which is about CCTV Installation of Safe and Security of ABM

Students, we got the similarities, differences and uniqueness of our research study

based on the different related studies that we gathered.

The similarities of the study of Rodriguez (2013) and Jewitt (2007) is they are

both used the CCTV for the purpose of observing the areas to prevent crime and to

solve a criminal cases.

The uniqueness or highlight of the present study is the use of CCTV and

researchers made test to determine the effectiveness of CCTV installation for the safe

and security for the students. Unlike other studies, they used different strategies or
method in determining the effectiveness of CCTV while in the study we just focused

on how CCTV Installation is effective for the safe and security of students.

Theoretical Framework

To provide support for the present investigation, the main theory,

CCTV and Crime Reduction Theory of Clarke and for the other supporting theory

Rational Choice Theory the theory of CCTV surveillance for the safe and security of

the students in their school, as show in figure 1.

(Clarke 1999) The early 1990s saw increasing interest in the UK in the

argument (underpinned by various theories) that the installation of CCTV in towns

and cities would improve the detection of criminal activity and therefore lead to a

reduction in crime. This view was promoted heavily by various interest groups (and

rather vociferously by the makers of the technology) at a time when ‘fear of crime’

was a particularly high-profile political issue. The consequence of this was that a

number of CCTV projects were established in areas where crime had been identified

as a problem.

Post-implementation/summative evaluations of the CCTV schemes showed that crime

in these areas had fallen. Therefore (using the input–output model of causality)

various interest groups concluded that CCTV (the input) caused the reduction (the

output). More significantly, as a number of CCTV initiatives had been implemented

over a relatively short period of time, and evaluations showed that crime fell in each

area, it was not long before these findings were used to generalise that there was a

technological solution to a significant social problem. In other words, the regularities

in the findings led to the inference that there was a direct causal relationship between

a reduction in crime and CCTV.

What seemed like a straightforward and logical conclusion soon came under attack

when other evaluators and researchers (who often subscribed to a different causal

paradigm, such as forms of realism or systems thinking) queried these conclusions.

Their particular focus was on the context in which CCTV was implemented and what

occurred through various processes and mechanisms in that context over the period

between the implementation of the CCTV and the evaluation of the outcome. This

demonstrated, for example, that CCTV projects got significant publicity in the local

and national press, and that in areas where cameras were installed large signs were

often placed on lampposts over extensive areas (often larger than the area covered by

the cameras) warning of the presence of CCTV.

These ‘mechanisms’ functioned in at least two ways. They raised the awareness of

crime amongst local people. And they educated people in the importance of adopting

simple security measures, such as making sure cars were locked and valuables out of

sight. They also alerted would-be criminals to the likelihood that the environment in

which they operated might have changed. In short, in addition to the technology there

were other social and structural mechanisms that appeared to have contributed to the

observed outcome of a reduction in crime. Furthermore, it appeared that ‘awareness

raising’ alone (i.e. where no CCTV was actually present) led to a reduction in crime.

Consequently, deciding which of

the technological or non-technological mechanisms was the most significant to the

observed outcome was far from clear.

La Vigne et al. (2011) CCTV surveillance is grounded in the criminology

theory that suggests potential offenders are less likely to commit crime if they believe

they are being watched or have a greater risk of being apprehended. This is also

known as the rational choice theory. CCTV is also grounded in situational crime

prevention strategy, which argues that opportunities to offend can be reduced by

altering a variety of mechanisms such as increasing the risk of an offender being

apprehended, increasing the effort to commit the crime, decreasing rewards from

crime commission, and reducing provocations that give rise to criminal opportunities

(La Vigne et al. 2011). This means that the offender must be aware of the added

surveillance for it to achieve its desired effect.

Cornish and Clarke (2003), CCTV is a form of “formal surveillance,” meaning

that not only does CCTV have the ability to take the place of police or security

officers but CCTV can also enhance officers’ capabilities (Welsh and Farrington

2008). In addition to functioning as a deterrent, cameras can alert police of crimes as

they happen, which can enable officers to respond quickly and efficiently (La Vigne

et al. 2011). On a larger scale, the use of CCTV also presents the possibility of aiding

in the criminal justice system, as video footage of a crime may help in investigations

and prosecutions (La Vigne et al. 2011).

 Clarke (1999)

EFFECTIVENESS OF CCTV
INSTALLATION FOR THE SAFE
AND SECURITY OF ABM
STUDENT OF SOUTHERN
PHILIPPINES INSTITUTE OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

La Vigne (2011)

Figure 2: Theoretical Framework

 Conceptual Framework

The Conceptual Framework which depicts the Effectiveness of CCTV

Installation for the safe and security of ABM Students is presented in figure 2.

Input. This includes the CCTV as classified to monitor the safe and security

of ABM students, cause and effects, facts and opinions. It considered as input of this

study.

Process. The following procedure includes: Construction and validation,

distribution and retrieval of the survey questionnaire are the components of this. The

esult was subjected to analysis and interpretation through the use of appropriate

statistical tools.

Output. Determined the the effectiveness of CCTV installation for the safe

and security of ABM Students in Southern Philippines Institute of Science and

Technology.

The feedback diagram was made significant part of the framework so that

when goal has been achieved, the different inputs have to be reassessed regularly to

ensure continues progress of guidelines on the program for the policy directions or

formulation
 Students in Southern Philippines Institute of Science and Technology

School Year 2017-2018

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

I. Effectiveness of CCTV A. Preparation,

Installation. Construction and

Determine the
Validation of Test
II. Safe and security of effectiveness of CCTV
questionnaire
ABM Students. installation for the safe

b. Administration and and security of ABM

A. Cause and Effects.
retrieval of test Students.
B. Facts and opinions.
questionnaire

c. Statistical treatment

analysis and

interpretation of data.

FEEDBACK
 Figure 2: Conceptual Framework

Definition of terms

For the better understanding of the study, the researchers gave several terms

that were defined conceptually as used in the study

CCTV

A closed circuit TV a self-contained surveillance system comprising cameras. It is a

TV system in which signals are not publicly monitored. The used of CCTV in

educational institutions can be broken down into two categories. For the personal

safety of the students, teachers and other school administrators.

Schools

An educational institutions pursuing knowledge

Security

An act of safeness, to provide safety in an establishments

Installation

Refers for the installations of the CCTV in a specific place which is the school
 Assumption

This study was premised on the assumption that:

1. Southern Philippines Institute of Science and Technology uses CCTV for the safe

and Security of the Students.

2. The importance of CCTV Installation is for the safety of the ABM Students.

3. 3. The CCTV Installation in Southern Philippines Institute of Science and

Technology determined by test questionnaire made by the research.

Hypothesis

This study was the guided by the hypothesis that:

1. Installing CCTV in an educational institutions was effective, to prevent crimes and

to preserves the safety of the students, teachers and school administrators.

2. The CCTV effectiveness was proven through research exploration.

 Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter is the presentation of the research design, the research settings, the

research respondents, the research instruments from the data gathering and the

statistical treatment of the data.

Research Design

This study is undertaken when investigators is after proving or exploring areas

where little known is known about the research problem.

Research Settings

The research was conducted at Southern Philippines Institute of Science and

Technology located at Tia Maria Bldg. Emilio Aguinaldo Highway, Anabu II-A,

Imus, Cavite. The setting was chosen intentionally due to the campus do have CCTV

installed around the campus that necessary in the conducted study were available in

school that mentioned.

Respondents
All ABM Students of Southern Philippines Institute of Science and

Technology S.Y 2017-2018 were the respondents of the study.

Research Instruments
 This research used a questionnaire to determine the effectiveness of CCTV

Installation, it is composed of question that determine the safe and security of all

ABM Students.

Data Gathering
After the research approval, the researchers prepared letters to conduct a study at

Southern Philippines Institute of Science And Technology. The researchers

administrated the effectiveness of CCTV Installation for the safe and security of the

respondents. The questionnaire were checked and the score were recorded.

Statistical Treatment
To answer the specific questions of this study, the following statistical tools were

used. Frequency count and percentage technique, weighted mean and ranking

techniques and person Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (persons).