Active Security Measures

1. Physical Barriers
2. Security lighting
3. Vaults
4. Locks

Passive Security Measures

1.Those that will deter man from committing such act for fear
of being caught charged in court or get dismissed
2.Security education programs, investigation, fire prevention
seminars, personal security checks.

Company Guard Force – (CGF) a security force maintained and operated

by any private company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to
watch, secure or guard its business establishment premises, compound
or properties.

Duty Detail Order - is a written order/schedule issued by a superior

officer usually the private security agency/branch manager or
operations officer assigning the performance of private
security/detective services duties.

Factors that Bring About Unsecured Conditions

1. Threats - an activity that could lead to a loss.
2. Hazards - a condition that could lead to a loss.
3. Vulnerability - a weakness that can be used to gain access to
an asset.
4. Risk - a potential loss or damage to an asset.

Government Guard Unit – (GGU) a security unit maintained and operated

by any government entity other than military or police, which is
established and maintained for the purpose of securing the office or
compound and/or extension of such government entity.

Government Security Personnel – shall be natural persons which include

government security guards, detectives, security consultants and
security officers except those of the AFP, PNP, or BJMP rendering or
performing security and/or detective services as employed by
government entities.

License to Exercise Profession – shall mean any document issued by

the Chief, PNP or his duly authorized representative recognizing a
person to be qualified to perform his duties as private security or
training personnel.

License to Operate – (LTO) is a License Certificate document, issued

by the Chief, Philippine National Police or his duly authorized
representative, authorizing a person to engage in employing security
guard or detective, or a juridical person to establish, engage, direct,
manage or operate an individual or a private detective agency or
private security agency/company security force after payment of the
prescribed dues or fees.
 Note:New applicants for license to operate shall be required
to obtain a minimum capitalization of one million pesos
(P1,000,000.00) with a minimum bank deposit of five hundred
thousand (P500, 000.00) pesos in order to start its business
operation.

No regular license shall be granted to any private security

agency unless it has a minimum of two hundred (200) licensed
private security personnel under its employ.

No regular license shall be granted to any company guard force

or private detective agency unless it has a minimum of thirty
(30) licensed private security personnel under its employ.

The maximum number of private security personnel that a

PSA/CGF/PDA may employ shall be one thousand (1000).

PADPAO – Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency

Operators. Is an association of all licensed security agencies and
company security forces in the Philippines.

Person - shall include not only natural persons but also juridical
persons such as corporation, partnership, company or association duly
registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Physical Barrier - any structure or physical device capable of

restricting, deterring, delaying, illegal access to an installation.

PNP - Philippine National Police, under the DILG, organized pursuant

to the provision of RA 6975 otherwise known as the National Police
Act of 1991. The PNP shall exercise general supervision over
the operators of all security agencies and guards.

Powers and Duties of a Security Guard

1. To watch and secure the property of the client. Service shall
not extend beyond the property or compound of client.

Exception:
1. Escort duties
2. Hot pursuit of criminal offenders

2. Security Guard and Private Detective have no police authority.

Private Detective - is any person who does detective work for hire,
reward or commission, other than members of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines, guards of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology,
municipal or city jail guards, and members of the Philippine National
Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the government.
 Qualifications of a Private Detective
1. Must be a Filipino citizen
2. Must be a high school graduate
3. Must be physically and mentally fit
4. Must not be less than 21 nor more than 50 years of age
5. Must be at least 5 feet and 4 inches in height
6. Must not be suffering from any of the ff: disqualifications
a. Dishonorably discharged or separated from the AFP
b. Mental incompetent
c. Addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs
d. Habitual drunkard
7. Must not be convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude

Private Detective Agency - is any person, who, for hire or reward or

on commission, conducts or carries on or holds himself or itself out
as conducting or carrying on a detective agency, or detective service.

Notes:
1. All person used in a private detective work must be licensed
2. All person employed solely for clerical or manual work need
no private detective license.
3. License (LTO) shall be displayed at all times in a conspicuous
and suitable place in the agency office or headquarters of
the agency and shall be exhibited at the request of any person
whose jurisdiction is in relation with the business of the
agency or the employees thereof, or of the Chief of the PNP
or his duly authorized representative or any peace officer.
4. The PNP shall exercise general supervision over the operation
of all private detective and privated detective agency.

The rules above applies to a Private Security Agency.

Private Security Guard - (watchman) shall include any person who

offers or renders personal service to watch or secure either a
residence, business establishment, or buildings, compounds, areas,
or property, inspects/monitors bodily checks/searches individuals
and/or baggage and other forms of security inspection, physically/
manually or scientifically electronic, including but not limited to,
logging concessions and agricultural, mining or pasture lands,
transportation, for hire or compensation , or as an employee thereof,
including any employee of the national or local governments or
agencies or instrumentality’s thereof and or government owned or
controlled firm or corporations who is employed to watch or secure
government buildings, compounds, premises and other properties, other
than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, guards of the
Bureau of Jail management and Penology, Municipal or City jail
guards, and members of the Philippine National Police or of any other
law enforcement agency of the Government.

Qualifications of a Security Guard

1. Must be a Filipino citizen
2. Must be a high school graduate
3. Must be physically and mentally fit
4. Must not be less than 21 nor more than 50 years of age
5. Must be at least 5 feet and 4 inches in height (RA 5487)
6. Must not be suffering from any of the ff: disqualifications
a. Dishonorably discharged or separated from the AFP
b. Mental incompetent
c. Addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs
d. Habitual drunkard
7. Must have undergone a pre-licensing training course
8. Must not be convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude

Moral Turpitude - A phrase used in Criminal Law to

describe conduct that is considered contrary to
community standards of justice, honesty, or good morals.

Crimes involving moral turpitude have an inherent quality

of baseness, vileness, or depravity with respect to a
person's duty to another or to society in general.

Examples of Crime Involving Moral Turpitude

1. Rape
2. Forgery
3. Robbery
4. Prostitution

Private Security Guard Agency - any person, association,

partnership, or corporation, who recruits, trains, muster, furnishes,
solicits individuals or business firms, private or government-owned
or controlled corporations to engage his service or those of its
watchmen.

Who May Organize a Security Agency

1. Any Filipino citizen
2. Corporation
3. Partnership
4. Association
Limitations/Disqualification/Prohibitions In Organizing A
Security Agency
1. Security Agency must be 100% Filipino owned
2. No person shall organize or have an interest in, more than
security agency
3. No agency shall offer, render or accept services in gambling
dens or other illegal business establishments or enterprises.
4. Must not be an elective or appointive government employees
who may be called upon on account of the functions of their
respective offices in the implementation and enforcement of
the Private Security Agency Law and any person related to
such government employees by affinity or consanguinity in
the third civil degree shall not hold any interest, directly
or indirectly in any security guard or watchman agency.
5. The extent of the security guard service being furnished by
the security agency shall not go beyond the compound and/or
property of the person or establishment contracting the
security service except when the security guards is
escorting big amount of money or valuables.
6. Main Office - All agencies shall maintain a main office in
their registered addresses.

Branch offices - may be established and maintained in

other provinces/ cities where the security agency has
deployed security guards.

7. Rules - Authority to operate outside principal offices.

1. No new or moribund but previously licensed private
security agency shall be granted license to operate
unless its business viability is supported by
evidence of assured clientele, adequate
capitalization and the like.

Moribund - (dying)(stagnant)(obsolescent) in
terminal decline; lacking vitality or vigour.

2. Private Security Agency operating at regions

outside its main office shall be required to
register with the nearest Police Provincial Office
and shall submit an authenticated machine copy of
the following documents:
a) License to Operate
b) License of the FA’s to be issued
c) List of the officers and security guards
d) Appointment Order of Branch/Detachment
 Manager (if any)
8. All applicants for license to operate shall be required to
attend a private security agency/company guard force
operators and management seminar/workshop.
9. Prohibition on “KABIT SYSTEM” operators
1. No licensed security agency shall operate, promote
and enter into an agreement of “merger“
(kabit system) with any person or a group of persons
for the purpose of organizing a branch unit or
subsidiary under separate control and ownership.
Merger of security and detective agencies shall not
be recognized without prior approval from the SEC
with respect to their Articles of Incorporation and
the DTI, with regards their business name.
2. Any of the following circumstances or a combination
thereof shall be considered prima-facie evidence
of the existence of “Kabit System”.
a) Maintaining a separate branch, unit or
subsidiary office aside from the main office
of the agency situated within the same locality
b) Receiving direct payments from the agency’s
clientele and issuing officials receipt of
their own distinct from that issued by the
agency concerned
c) Remitting directly Social Security System
premiums, Medicare contributions and other
premium for other policy insurance benefits
d) Existence of an agreement between the licensee
and a branch manager thereof, whereby the
latter obligates himself to pay a certain
percentage of his income to the former on the
condition that the control and supervision of
the guards posted by said branch shall course
on the manager thereof and that the licensee
shall be exempt from liabilities/ obligations
attendant to the operation of said branch.
e) Keeping/maintaining separate payrolls for the
branch employees signed and/or approved by
the branch manager only
f) Absence of record of monthly income remittances
to the main office when said branch is
authorized to make collections from the clients
of the licensee
g) All other similar acts tending to show separate
and distinct relationship/personality/
 ownership/ management.

Qualifications of the Operator/Manager of a Security Agency

1. Must be at least 25 years of age
2. Must be a College Graduate and/or No.3 below.
3. Must be a commissioned officer in the inactive service of
the Armed Forces of the Philippines
4. Must be of good moral character
5. Must have no previous record of any conviction of any crime
or offense involving moral turpitude
6. Must not be suffering from any of the following
disqualifications:
a. Dishonorably discharged or separated from the AFP
b. Mental incompetent
c. Addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs
d. Habitual drunkard
7. Must have taken a course/seminar on industrial Security
Management and/or must have adequate training or experience
in security business (IRR)

Note: One can not be a Commissioned officer in the inactive

service of the AFP unless college graduate. The law used the
word and/or.

RA 5487 is a law. In case of conflict between the law and its

implementing rules and regulations promulgated by the chief
PNP, The law shall prevail.

Private Security Industry – shall cover those in the legitimate

business of providing private security and detective services.

Private Security Personnel – shall be natural persons which include

private security guards, private detectives, security consultants,
and security officers rendering/performing security and/or detective
services as employed by private security agencies and/or private firms.

Protective Security System - are those measures taken by an

installation or unit to protect itself against sabotage,
espionage or subversion.

RA 5487 - known as "The Private Security Agency Law."

Restricted Area - is any area in which personnel or vehicles are

controlled for reasons of security. Restricted area is established
to provide security for installation or facilities and to promote
efficiency of security operations and economy in the use of
security personnel.

SAGSD - Security Agency and Guard Supervision Division. SAGSD is

under the PNP Civil Security Group.

Security - is the state or quality of being secured, freedom from

fear or danger;assurance; certainty. To secure is to make safe or
be protected. From the Greek word SECUROS which means safe,
safety or secured.

Security Guard - (watchman) Any person who offers or renders

personal service to watch or secure either residential or business
establishment, or both, or any building, compound, or area including
but not limited to logging concessions, agricultural, mining or
pasture lands for hire or compensation, or as an employee thereof.

Security Hazards - is an act or condition which results in a situation

like a breach of the protection system and the subsequent loss or
compromise of defense information, company secret or damage to
personnel, property or facilities.

Three Major Areas of Security

1. Physical Security - this concern with the physical measures
adopted to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities,
material and document and to safeguard them against espionage,
damage, loss and theft
2. Personnel Security - this is as important as physical security.
Personnel security starts even before the hiring of an employee
and remains to be maintained for as long as the person is employed.
Its purpose is to insure that a firm hires those best suited to
assist the firm in achieving its goals and objectives and once
hired assist in providing necessary security to the work force
while carrying out their functions
3. Document and Information Security - this involves the protection
of documents as classified papers from loss, access by unauthorized
persons, damage, theft and compromise through disclosure

Two Instances When the Chief PNP may deputize any security guard
to assist the PNP in the performance of police duties.
1. In case of emergency
2. In times of disaster or calamities

Types of Security
1. Industrial Security - a type of security applied to business
 groups engaged in industries like manufacturing, assembling,
research and development, processing, warehousing and even
agriculture. It may also mean the business of providing security.
2. Hotel Security- a type of security applied to hotels where its
properties are protected from pilferage, loss damage and the
function in the hotel restaurants are not disturbed and troubled
by outsiders or the guest themselves. This type of security
employs house detectives, uniforms guard and supervisor and
insures that hotel guests and their personal effects are safeguarded.
3. Bank Security- this type of security is concern with the bank
operations.
4. VIP Security- a type of security applied for the protection of
top-ranking officials of the government or private entity,
visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries.
5. School Security- a type of security that is concern with the
protection of the students, faculty members, and school properties.
6. Supermarket or Mall Security- a type of security which is concern
with the protection of the stores, warehouses, storage, its
immediate premises and properties as well as the supermarket
personnel and customers. Security personnel are trained to detect
shoplifter, robbery, and bomb detection and customer relation.
7. Other Types- this includes all other security matters not covered
in the above enumeration.