LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

General May be welded, but special precautions may be

required, e.g. pre-heatjng, post heating or both,
AOH Acid O p e n Hearth
o r with metal arc welding the use of particular
ΒΕΑ Basic Electric Arc
electrodes.
Bess Bessemer
May be welded, but special precautions may be
BOH Basic O p e n Hearth
required, e.g. pre-heating and the use of parti­
C Celsius (Centigrade)
cular electrodes. Post welding heat-treatment
cm centimetre
Is necessary to restore the mechanical properties
deg,^ degree, degrees (temperature o r angle)
of the parent metal.
dia., D diameter
Advice should be sought before attempting to weld.
ft. foot, feet
W e l d i n g is not recommended.
hex. hexagon
Sufficient information on the welding of this
hr hour, hours
steel is not yet available.
H.F. high frequency
Brazing and Bronze W e l d i n g satisfactory.
In. Inch. Inches
Brazing and Bronze W e l d i n g is possible but the
mm millimetre
mechanical properties of the parent metal are
KT room temperature
liable to modification.
sq. square
k Brazing and Bronze W e l d i n g are not recommended
degrees Celsius (Centigrade)
m The process is not applicable to steel In this form
μ microns (10"* cm)
X W i t h currently available filler rods, wires and
electrodes, the strength of the weld metal may
Chennlcal Composition be less than that of the parent metal. (This
symbol Is always used with one of the above.)
Al Aluminium
As Arsenic
Heat Treatment
C Carbon
Cr Chromium A Annealed
Mn Manganese AC A i r Cooled
Mo Molybdenum AH A i r Hardened
Ν Nitrogen BC Blank Carburlzed
Nb Niobium (Columblum) CD Cold Drawn
NI Nickel EQ End Quenched
O Oxygen FC Cooled in Furnace
Ρ Phosphorus Ν Normalized
Pb Lead OH Oil Hardened
S Sulphur OQ Oil Quenched
Se Selenium SC Slow Cooled
Si Silicon Τ Tempered
Ti Titanium WH W a t e r Hardened
V Vanadium WQ W a t e r Quenched
W Tungsten
Physical Properties
Β Magnetic Induction
Welding
Brem Magnetic Remanence
Β Brazing and Bronze W e l d i n g by Gas (c) Specific Heat
F Flash and Resistance W e l d i n g (d),S.G. Specific Gravity
G Gas W e l d i n g Ε Young's Modulus
IG Inert Gas W e l d i n g G Shear Modulus
MA Metal Arc W e l d i n g Cal Gram calories
S Spot, Seam and Projection W e l d i n g Η Magnetizing Field
a Readily welded; no special precautions are requir­ He Magnetic Coercive Force
ed provided the correct filler rod o r wire Is k Thermal Conductivity
used when fusion welding. α Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
b Readily welded, but post-welding heat treatment λ Thermal Resistivity
is necessary to restore the mechanical properties Q Electrical Resistivity
of the parent m e u l . σ Poisson's Ratio

xlx
XX List of Abbreviations

Transformation Characteristics HB Brinell Hardness N u m b e r

HRC Rockwell C Hardness N u m b e r
A Austenite
HV VIckers Diamond Hardness N u m b e r
Ac Transformation Temperature on Heating
KgM Kilogramme-force metres
Ae Equilibrium Transformation Temperature
Kt Neuber's theoretical stress concentration factor
Β Bainite
I Gauge length
C Cementlte
Long.(L) Longitudinal Test
F Ferrlte
(M) Midway between centre and outside of test piece
Μ Martensite
(O) Outside position of test piece
M$ Start of Austenlte to Martensite Transformation
PS Proof Stress
Mf Temperature for 1 0 0 % Austenite to Martensite
Γ Radius of bend in a bend test
Transformation
RA Reduction of Area per cent
Μχ Temperature for χ % Austenite to Martensite
(R„) Tensile Strength (International Symbol)
Transformation
(xRp) Proof Stress In Tension for χ per cent departure
Ρ Pearlite
from the Proportionality line
RPM Revolutions per min, Reversals per min
Mechanical Properties
(R,) Yield Point in Tension (International Symbol)
A Area t Thickness of Bend test piece
(A) Elongation per cent (International Symbol) Trans, (T) Transverse Test

(C) Centre of test piece TS Tensile Strength

El Elongation per cent YP Yield Point
t.lb. Foot-pounds (Z) Reduction of Area per cent (International Symbol)