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REVIEW:

• Force
• Motion
• Effects of forces on the object’s motion
• Forces on objects at rest
• Normal force
• Friction
• Gravitational force
• Scalar quantity
• Vector quantity
True or False

If an object is at rest,
no forces are acting upon it
Answer: False

There are many forces acting on it


(gravity, friction, air pressure, etc)
but they are all BALANCED
True or False

When there is force, there is motion.


Answer: False

Force may be present but it does not


necessarily result to motion. If forces are
balanced, no motion will be produced.
True or False

In the absence of force, object will continue


to move constantly.
Answer: True.

Because force will slow down or stop


motion.
TODAY’S LESSON

Learning Objective
Aim high - Be able to represent forces using a force diagram
Aim higher - Describe the effect that balanced and unbalanced forces
have on an object
Aim even higher - Be able to calculate the size of the resultant force

Key Words:
Balanced force
Unbalanced force
Resultant or Net Force
What is a force?

• A force is a push or pull that causes an object to


move, stop, or change direction

• In physics a force is anything that makes an object


accelerate
Force
• Forces come in pairs
• Forces have a magnitude and a direction

Magnitude: 5N
5N, north (up)
Direction: north (up)
Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

• Forces occur in pairs and they can be


either balanced or unbalanced
Balanced Forces
• Balanced forces do not cause change in
motion
• They are equal in size and opposite in
direction
Balanced Forces
We call this NORMAL FORCE. The book is
said to be at equilibrium since there are no
unbalanced forces acting upon the book
and it maintains its state of motion (it still
sits on the table).
Lets say you are
standing on the
ground. Since
the floor pushes
upward on you
and gravity is
pulling down on
you, you are at
equilibrium.
Unbalanced Forces
• An unbalanced force always causes a change in
motion

• When unbalanced forces act in opposite


directions you can find the net force
– Net force
• Magnitude
– The difference between the two forces

• Direction
– Direction of the largest force
Unbalanced Forces

3 N, right – 6 N, left = 3N, left


Unbalanced Forces

4 N, left – 10 N, right = 6N, right


Unbalanced Forces

5 N, right + 10 N, right = 15N, right


Balanced Forces

Forces are balanced if they are the same


strength but in opposing directions:

40N 40N
Balanced forces
Balanced forces
Unbalanced Forces

When forces working in opposite directions


are unequal they are unbalanced:

100N 20N

Which direction will the box move?


Unbalanced forces
Normal

The forces are balanced/unbalanced The forces are balanced/unbalanced


The man is moving/not moving The woman is moving/not moving

Thrust

The forces are balanced/unbalanced


The car is moving/not moving
Application Questions

1. A diver wears weights and dives into the


water, which force is bigger, his weight or
upthrust? Draw a diagram to show the
forces acting on him
2. The diver then releases the weight. Now,
which force is bigger, his weight or
upthrust? Draw a diagram to show the
forces acting on him.
Resultant Force

If two forces are unbalanced there is a


resultant force.

It could replace all the others to give the


same effect.

The difference between two forces is the


resultant force.
What is the resultant force?

100N 20N

Hint: work out the difference between


the two forces.
The resultant force is 100N – 20N = 80N
Resultant forces – question 1

5N 5N
1.A. What is the
resultant force on
the satellite?
B. To which
direction will the
satellite move? 20 N
Resultant forces – question 2
2.
a. What is the
horizontal resultant
force on the bird?
b. What is the
5N 5N
vertical resultant
force?
5N
c. To which direction
will the bird move?
Resultant forces – question 3
10 N

10 N
13 N 20 N

10 N
3.
a. What is the horizontal resultant force on the
yacht?
b. What is the vertical resultant force?
c. To which direction will the yacht move?
Resultant forces – question 1
1. What is the resultant force on the satellite?
5N 5N
Resultant force = 20 N – 10 N
= 10 N down

The satellite will accelerate


downwards.

20 N
Resultant forces – question 2
2. What is the resultant force on the bird?
The forces acting in each
direction horizontally are equal
in size, so there is no resultant
force in this direction.
Resultant force = 5 N – 5 N = 0 N

5N 5 N The vertical forces are not


balanced, the bird will accelerate
in a downwards direction.

5N Resultant force = 5N – 0N
= 5 N down
Resultant forces – question 3
3. What is the resultant force on the yacht?
10 N

10 N
13 N 20 N

10 N
The vertical forces are equal in size and opposite in direction
so there is no resultant force in the vertical direction.
The horizontal forces are not balanced, so the yacht will
accelerate to the right.
Resultant force = (20 N +10 N) – 13 N
= 17 N right

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