_

- tD\
P
: (hpe),
(hpg),.",*
( r 6 x 1 0 0 0 ) :( 1(20)(p.X10)
0)
(16)(1000)
PAPER I p, (20)
the fbrmula:V:
1. C Considering the Sf : 800kgin-rr
S.
unit for the left-har.rdside of the equation is 11.D At P the energy is gravitationalpotential
(fbr work
V and tbr the right-hand side is J energ\'.At Q the energy is elastic potential
done) per coulomb { for charge). enerq\'.
) C The first step is to place the coin belrveen 1 2 . c\ \ ' : F ' s
the anvil ancithe spindle. Tum the thirnble -F : \\' 100000
to close the anril and spindle. Then turn t:-roH':2000N
'click' sound is heard'
the ratchet until a 1 3 . B S i n c e \ \ e a r e r l o t c o n s i d e r i n gt h e r v o r k
This step prelents the over-tighteningof doue igait-tsttl'iction. se do t-totrequire
the spindle. the horizontal ilistatlc.'(sane dtrection as
B The troller tnor es at a constantspeedfiom t r i c t i o n t .\ \ e o n l r ' i e . l u l r e t h e u e i s h t a n d
J to - secottds. t h e r e r r r c a lh e i g h t { s a r l e d i r e c t i o na s t h e
d : : . t : - 1' r l - l ) : 1 2m u eight) to calctilatetl"rel ork done

4. C Time leii to completethe joumey l 4 . D F o r m o l e c u l e so f g a s e s .t h e r e a r e u e a k

= r - +1 - ' 1 n intertnolecularfbrces. and the molecules

are 1-alapart in a disorderll' arrangelnellt'
- tt+t - oo k'r h
.\r crujc .pecd - I' 15.B When the bubbles are rising' the pressurc
ll h
clecreases,as the heiglrtof * ater above the
bubble decreases. Bv Boyle's lan' pressure
5 . 8 .\t constattt speed. there is no resultant
is inversely proportional to lolume' thus
lorce acting on the parachutistThis nreans
tl.ratthe upu ard fbrce is equal to the rveight ri'hen the pressuredecreases'the loir"tlne
oI'thr' parachrttist. n ill increase.

6 A .\s the i,li1 docs llot il1o\e^ thcre is ni'r
lesLritanttorce actitlg on the nail. Thr-rsthe
cltlscd
\ r-ctordiagfalrlrr i11bc a coutinLtoits
ltlop.
16.C The silvering t'educes heat transt-erb)'
racliation a.-q-.hitlr { silr erecl) sttrtaces
are poor eilliilels lirlcl poor absorherso1-
ladiatiorl.

7. A Since ilt.' b; rcks are t-tladeof the satlre 17. B A thcrtlloctrufie llleilsures a clitierence
n-tate riai t ttienli-:.,ii. thcv lllust har e the in tetuperatrtr.-.Thc- larger the difTerence
the iarger the voltneter
itt tettlpcratitt-e.
s a n l cc i e i l : 1 i \ .
reaciing. lrl this question. the largest
8. C f onstdet'rotl \ tist R ls tn icc thc clistance drfl'ercncerrl ieinpcratureis B (60"C)'
au av tiotrl the p'lrot. ri hich nleansits tnass
r:l-nlc-\O
rshalf oi (l's l8.A
N o n c o n s j c l e1r . - ,\.i1. P l s t t l i e- :t h - d l s i a n c e 100 ' -+0- (2X'100
)-\0
-+U{)O
au av tiotl 1|13|rr rrt.u hich tllcansthat P's
1rf() ancl { l ) l - 1 0 0t
tnassis il:ili i,t ii',::i'tl','litled111;5-s
R,
-
'ir..t f ,., - - -
1 9 .D E - P t - ( 2 0 0 0 X 5x 6 0 ) 6 0 0 r . ) 0 { ) . i
9. (. Prcssrn.-
Nole illat *'hen caiculatitlg thc cnc;:r
Fot'ce : PressLite -\t'c.L sr-Lppliecl.u ilich in this case i' r"l!" i1l!-
- ' ( 5 ( ) 0 ' 1t ) ' t i t : t I
latent heat of vaporisatir)ll.\\'c l:'r':l 11')
- 1 0 00 t ) ( \) '
con\ert the tirne to sccotrds.al.itlii.i tl'r"rcl'
( N o t e :5 0 0 k P a : : ( t ( l ' 1 i t P r r ti) \\ liit.
()1-thc L { ) l i l ll l l ) l l
10.B The pressure at P on lrLrth :id!'\ i, -' lir '' I { l i l i , r , r l r ' . il \ l
lii
manolneterare cqLial

AI
\irs\\cfs lo O-i-ctei Phrrics \errlr I tlttt,r:r
a S \f'(lroup Ptf l.ld
Y e a 1r 0 1I
20.A A wave transfersenergy.without a net othertwo carry currentin both directions
of Panicles.
transt'er dueto the alternatingcuffent.

2l.A By drarvinga notmal.u'e find that the in thecircuit:tr:

31.D Totalresistance , n
t9i - oo". ''
a n g l eo f i n c i d e n c:e T o t a cl u r r e nitn t l r ec i r c u i t : X : i"
:4A
2 2 .C A n g l eo f i n c i d e n c-e 9 0 ' 4 5 o : 4 5 "
This meansthat A, and A, rvill have a
n : s l n fr readingof 4 A.
sln
. - s-inn I : s i n 4 5 The cunent splits up equallyin eachof
Sln/
lj the branchesofthe 2-ohmresistors,which
r - s i n{I ol .+) S t . 4
c a r r i e s] : 2 A o l ' c u r r e n te a c h '
= ?80
\,' Q
:
Cl.rangein direction: 45o - 28" 1'7" .rlCln-ir'0.674
23. A A converginglens will causerays of light P : I V : ( 0 . 6 7 X 85) .: 3w
to bend towards the principal axis afier -l-l B .\ flrse u'ill bloi.v when there is a short
passingthrough the lens' Only A shows the circuit. causing a surge of current through
rays of light bending inrvards tou'ards the the appliance.A short circuit happenswhen
principal axis. the live rvire touches the neutral or ear1h
24. B Gamma rays are used to treat canceq and n ire. as the current is now able to bypass
are deliberately targeted at cancerouscells the appliance. When a person touches the
to kill them. live u'ire. he will get an electric shock,but
this rvill not causethe fuse to blou'.
25. C The diflerent loudness is a result of
different amplitudes of the sound rvave' l-{. D \\'rres canling curent in the samedirection
Since botl.rsound u"avesare in air, they u'i11 \\ ill attract each other.
have the same sPeeds. -li \ To increase the efficiency, we need a
26. B Using the right-hand grip rtle. rve find that sofi-iron core in order to concentrate the
a N-pole is induced at P and R, and a S- magnetic {ield lines between the magnets.
pole at Q and S. ,i(.. B Thele is no induced e.m.f'. rvhen there
27.8 A S-pole is createdat X and a N-pole is is no chattge in magnetic flux linkage.
createdat Y. This is due to the magnetic b1 Faraday's lalv of eiectromagnetic
domains inside the magnet, and the f'act indLrction.This happens w'hen the magnet
that a rragnet must have a N-pole and a S- is stationary momentarily at P and at R.
pole (no single pole magnets). t-c
2 8 .B S i n c c X a r r d Z e r p c r i e n c e a f b l i " ' o i
attraction,X andZ mrrstbe unlike charges'
or one chargedand one neutral. The ansrrer We are trying to set up the arrangenlentof
B says that both X and Z are Positir e transfotmers and cables as shown above.
charges.u'hich nill cause them to repel In order to get an output voltage of 6V
eachother.thus is tlot Possible. \\'e step up the voltage by l0 times using
transformer RS. and then step doun the
:q \ \ c r o s ) - \ c c t i o r l aal r c a o l j r r i l l i n e r - r . c voltage by 20 times using transfbrmer PQ'
the resistauce br -1 tin-res tbr the sarlle
38. D The brightnessof L, remainsthe same as
l e n g t ho f u i r e . i f t h c ' l e n g t ho f t h e u l r e t s
the potential difference across it remains
I. then the resistancerr ill be -lR. Sinceu e
the same.
only require a resistanceol lR. ri e onh
-{ The brightness of L. is increased, as a
n e e dh a l l t h e l e n e t h .r r l r r c hi t decreasein resistanceof the LDR will
30.B Only the two resistors.onn.*O nith the cause an increase in the current flowing
diode carry current in one direction The through L., and also increasesthe potential

A2
\ns\\'ers to C)-Le\ el Ph) sics Yearl) Edrtior
!. SAP Oroup Ptc Ltd
Year201i
 difference acrossL" by the potential divider
formula.
39. A As the thermistor is heated. the resistance
decreases,'nvhichcausesit to have a lor'l'er
potential difl-erence across it. by the
potentialdivider formula. Hou ever,it does
not decreaseto zero. as the resistance of
the thermistor cannot be reduced to zero'
,10.D There are 2 nares betueen X and Y' This
meansthat the tir.netnten'alfor I u'ave (i'e'
1
. , . . 1 0 0 I
perlod) rs -- - g00 s.
1 l
i- i: - t t 0 oH z
i
800
PAPER 2
SECTIO\.\
1. (a) Pressltle is the fbrce acting per unit
area.
(b) Pressureofgas
- Dit-ter-er.rce
i1 pressure+ Atmospheric
Pressure
- h l . g- r l . 0 ' 1 0 i )
: ( 0 . 6 m . 1 0 0 0x l 0 ) + ( l 0 x l O i )
= 1 . 0 6' 1 0 5P a
(\ote: A manometer measures a
drflerencein pressure.Units of height
mllst be con\ efied to metre, lbr units o1
to be in Pascals)
Presstrre
(c) \\'hen the temperature of the -qas
increases.the thermal energy supplied
is ccrnrerled to the kinetic energv ot
the tnolecrlles.The rnoleculesare now
mor iuq lhster. As such, they collide
$'rth the s alls of the contatner more
frequentlr. and nith a greater force'
Since pressurers tl-resum of the forces
actins per unit area' the pressure
increases.
2. (a) lt statesthat enerov cannot be created
or destrol'ed The energ.u-can only be
converled from one tbnn to another'The
total amount ol energr in an isolated
system ret.nainsconstallt.
( b ) ( i ) G P E , . . :. m g h : t 9 0 X 1 0 X 6 0 )
-51000J
( i i ) K E, . . - l n l r - -l ' q o "t : '
-6-+80J
thatnot all of initialGPE
(c) This suggests
is convertedto KE. Some olthe energy
may be conveded to thermal energy as
a result of friction between the tyres and
the road.as u e1las air resistanceagalnst
the cyclists. If we u'ere to consider all
of these energy conversions. the total
amount of energy conveded should be
equal to the initial GPE, by the Lau'of
C o t r r e r ra t i o r lo l -E n e r g Y .
. (a) (i) Then.t.tocouple(as the temperature
changesr er1'raPidlY)
(ii) Due to the small mass of the
then.nocouPle contact. and the
use of a r.netalliccontact ri'hich is
a good conductor of electricitY"a
thermocouPle is able to measure
a raPidlY changing temperature'
Also, as the outPut is an electrical
signal, it can be connected to a
suitable electrical equiPment to
read the outPut irnmediatelY.
(b) (i) In I second. 2500 J of therrnal
energf is suPPlied
Q: mcA0
ro- S. -,-.i9, - 30.3'c
{ / ) ) (1 . l l
Temperatureof hot air that emerges
: 20+ 30.3: 50.3'C
(ii) The temperatureof the hot air is
onlY 50.3"C, is less than
"vhich
the boiling point of water (100'C)'
Thus it is unable to increase the
temperature of the water beYond
50.3'C. As such.the rvatelonly -eains
enough energv for it to evaporate'
4. (a) The distancebetu een adjacentparticles
altemates betrveen increasing and
decreasing.as the rvave moves through'
(b) i* u'avelength -r
.4. . i-_i-! "4'
(Note: There are 3 Possiblesets of
pafiiclesthat are I wavelengthapafi')
( c ) ( i ) A r n p l i t u d- e6 ! - 3 . 0m n r
( i i ) P e r i o do f w a v e : 2 . 0 s
r, - l - 1 0 . 5H z
T ,6--
( i i i ) v : f I : ( 0 . 5 X 4 0c m ): 2 0 c m / s
(il') At I = 0.3 s, thewaveshavetnoved
1.5 wavelengthsfiom its original
Position.This means that where
therewas a regionof comPresston,

A3
.\11s\\'ersio (J-Le\cl Phlsics \tarl.v Edition
al SAP Group Pte l-td
Year 20 I I
 it would nou. be a region of are stronger compared to the force of
raret-actionand vice versa. attraction between the N-pole and the
Att-3.0s S-pole, as the distance between the N-
a a a a poles are nearer.
o o a a o a a a

5. ( a ) Microu'ar.es
( b ) (i) Radio u'aves
(ii) Intia-red
(iii) Microu aves
( c ) Ultrasoundis not able to passthrough a
\ acuum/ doesnot travel at 3.0 x 10Nm/s
in a vacuum. Ultrasound is also not a
transVerse\\'aVe. -A.sthe coil is rotated, there is a change
(d) 1 i 1 . 1 i i ) rn the rnaguetic flux linkage between
ultrasound X-raY the rna-sneticfield and the coil. As such,
an e.m.f. is inducedby Faraday'slar.vof
ffi"NllDtJ;l
--F -t\./i*\ electromagnetic induction.
<.\',{(t
::J.€+ rbr The slip rings maintain constant
electrical contact with the extemal
D"C.dl
An ultrasound scan uses the reflection
c.utputcircuitas the coil tums.
(c I \\'hen a currentflows in the directionas
of ultrasound fiom the body tissues to
at X, by Fleming'sleft-hand
ir.rdicated
generate an image, thus the source and
ntle. a dou'nward force is generated.
detectorare on the sameside of the body.
Hon'ever. the coil u'hich is rotating
An X-ray scan uses the eflect of X-rays
clockrvise,requiresan uprvardfbrce at
causing a change on an X-raY film to
X for it to continuerotating.As such.
allorv us to see inside the body, as the X-
the downwardforce generatedby the
rays are absorbedby the bones,and thus
cun'entopposes therotationofthe coil.
appearsas a white (unexposed) spot on
the X-ray film.
SECTIO\ B
( a ) When the plastic is rubbed lvith a cloth, 9 (a) Thedistance t-allen from 0.20s to 0.40s
there is a transfer ofelectrous (negattve i s 0 . 7 ' 1 0 .l 9 : 0 . 5 5m .
charge) from the cloth to the plastic. As Tlie distance fallentiom 0.40s to 0.60s
theplasticnorvhasanexcessofelectrons. i s 1 . 5 6 0 . 7 4: 0 . 8 2m .
it becomes negatively charged. and as Sincethe distancefallen increasesfbr the
the cloth has lost electrons, it nou' has a sameperiod of time, the speedof the light
net positive charge. shuttlecockis increasingat 1: 0.40 s.
(b) A piece of metal is a good conductor r b ) (i)
of electricity. thus the charges fiom 10

the cloth will be conducted to the hand

instead, leaving the metal uncharged.
8
( c ) ( i ) E - P t = ( 1 0 0 ) ( 5 . 0x 1 0 6 )
:5.0x 108J dim

F (5.0x10x)xQQ 6
(ii) P-; : l
:4.5 x l0low
4
(lll)C-e
w 5- 40. _0 t l E- _t . |- 7J s t 0 . \ .

(d) Laser printer / PhotocoPier 2

7. (a) Magnet B moves a\!'ay as it is repelled

by magnet A. The force of rePulsion 0
between the N-po1esof the tu'o magnets

A4
\ns\\ ers 1o O-L-evel Physics Ycarly F-dition
!l SAP Group Pie Lld
Year2011
 (ii) The gradient of the graph becomes / p

constantaller 0.8 s./Theline becornes

(ii) v,-{o [_'" ] z+o
' r\ ,\B' \
a straight line after 0.8 s. c)5
(iii) Terminal I'elocity
: tEs;*ml
/ \
'z+o
: Gradient of graph after 0.8 s :21.6\'

I I. EITHER
( a ) ( i ) "( i i )
surtace surlace
(ir') Initiallr. the shuttlecockfalls due B
to its ou'n weight. As its speed 9lasswlnoow
_/
i n c r e a : e ct.h e a i r r e s i s t a n c aecling
upri ards increasesuntil it is equal
Image
to the r.ieight (dor.vnwards)of the of cirl
shuttlecock. When this happens.
there is no resultant force acting
on the shuttlecock, and thus it
reacltes terminal velocity (zero
acceleration). (iii) The angle ol incidence is the
( c ) (i) Both shuttlecockshave the same angle benreen the incident ray and
initral acceleration. as indicated the nontral drau'n at the point of
br the sarne distances fallen from incidence.
0 to 0.-10s. However, the heavy (b) (i) Angle of incidence:40o
shunlecockreachesterminal velocity n_sini
at a later tirne (around 1.20 s). The sln r
. sinl
tenrinal velocity of the lieavy sln/'= n
shuttlecockis also greaterthan the ,. -sin
--- { s!1.1
\
,
lt I
light shuttiecock.
(ii) The heavv shuttlecock has more : ,in r{sil 401
!
\ l.)
ueight. irhich means it requires _
tJ-a
rnore a1r reslstanceacting against
rt in order 1br it to reach terrninal
velocirl.
^ ^ p l0l -
1 0 . ( a ) ( u r r e n rr t P : l = j;O 0 . , 1l 7 A
\
^ ^ P
( u r r e n tr t Q : J - 6 - 0
i 0 . 2 5A
.20
Current at R: L - ln - I,r
: 0 . 1 1 7+ 0 . 2 5
:0667.{
\ - a rn
(b) ( i ) R o - , j - ^ - l : - l o o o Q
lB u.--'

r
r l l i ,
( r r )K ' . = i R
n-'-lsso Iooor
:i67f) (c) (i) Total internal reflecrionof licht is
(c.) (i) When connecredin series. the the entire reflection tll- lieht back
potential difl'ercrree into the opticalll' denser rnediurn.
across each
light bulb is nou lessthan2210 r,vhenit strikesthe bounclarvat an
V,
andnot 240 \/ as it n aspret'iously. angle of incidencegrcaterthan the
As such.the light bulbs x,ill be clitical angle.
(ii) The light is travellir.rglrorn an
operating at a loter brightness
(power) compared ro before, optically less dense mediurn to an
and hence they hat'e a lorver optically denser mediurr.r.Total
resistance. internal reflectioncan only happen

Answersto O-Lelel PhysicsYearlyEdition A5

.e-SAP Group PreLrd Year20I I
 when the ray oi light is in the
optically densermedtum.
(iii) The maximutn angleof incidenceat
Ais just lessthan 90', which means
that the angie of refraction will be
just less than the critical angle.As
such. n hen the light strikes surface
B. the angle of incidenceat B will
also be less than the critical angle.
hence no total internal reflection
occurs.
OR
(a) (i)
W
(ii) The Principle ol Moments states
that for an object in equilibrittm.
the sum of the clock"vise moments
about a pivot is equal to the sutn of
tlie anti-clockr'visemoments about
the same Ptvot.
(iii) The perpendicular distance of
the effor-t applied liom the pivot
is further away, compared to the
perpendicular distance of the
rveight/load liorn the Pivot. As
such. a smaller eflbrt is required
to produce a clocki.visemoment ln
order to balance/lift an object of
larger weight.
( b ) Total montent- (i40 x 0.8) x 2
= 224 Nm (anti-clockn'ise)
( c ) Take S as the pivot.
clocku'isemoments: anti-clocku'ise
motllents
B x ( 1 . 6 0 . 4 0 ) :1 8 0 ' ( f )
^ t R 0. 0 . 8
= l20N
i n R i s 1 2 0N .
T h et e n s i o n
A6
\nsu ers ftr O-Ld el Phl sics \i'arll Edition
r SAP Croup Pte L1d
Year2011/Year
PAPER I
1. D To measurethe volume of coppeq we need
to measure the thickness of the copper
pipe using a pair of calipers (as we need
to lneasure the internal diameter), and as
the pipe is several metres long, we need a
measurtngtape.
l. D Srnallestpossibleresultantforce:4 3
- 1 N
possible resultant tbrce : 4 + 3
Lar'-sest
=7N
It cau take on any valuesbetween I and 7 N'
3 B \\'hentheparachuteopens,thespeedofthe
parachutiststartsto slow down.
L C -\s gravity is the force that pulls both
objectsdown, both will have the sameinitial
acceleration.As terminal velocity depends
on tlie weight ofthe object (terminal velocity
is reachedwhen the rveight is balancedu'ith
the air resistance),thus the heavier objecl
has a higher terminal velocitY.
\ By Ner'vton's first law, an object movlng
at a uniform speed has no resultant force
acting on it.
\ imagine the case rvhere there is no friction
the shoe will slide to the right Thus
fiiction must act to the left to prevent the
shoe frotn sliding.
B As the object enters the gravitational fleld
of the planet, it will be attracted tor'vards
the centre ofthe planet, hence its direction
changes. This gravitational force also
causesit to acceleratetowards the planet.
D Allthree objectshavethe samedensiry-asthey
are made from the same material (copper).
B Weight W acts verlically do'nvnwards,
whereas fiiction F must act in tlie opposlte
direction to the force P.
10.B By thePrincipleofMoments.siucetheann
is in equilibrium,the clocki"'isemoment
(dueto P) must equalthe anti-clocku'ise
m o m e n(td u et o c ) .
1l. C First calculatethe pressureexertedon the
cap:
2010