(iii) Resultantforce

: Upr'vardfbrce
Weight of helicopter
5 600 - Upu'ard force 140 000
P{PER I
Upward lbrce : 145 600 N
L C Actual length
- Measuredlength+ End Correction
: 1 . 1+ 0 . 2
- 1 , 3c m
-ector
L D \ quantities:fbrce, acceleration,velocity,
displacement.

_1.D \ote that the first part of the questiontaiks

srnoke particlc nor ing in a aboutthe car being at rest.It then experiences
continuous, random motion
increasins (non-unilorm) acceleration.
then 'l r-rnitiirrnacceleration(straight line).
trr
g l a s sc e l i
4 . C I t r . 1 , . 1;,; p 1 g . c n t. f r - 0 . 2 s .
ln [t.] .. iire car rnoves 20 cm, therefbre,
(ii) Smoke particles are seen moving
. - : , . : - . tct .- : o -
in a continuous random manner )Pc!J l l , t rc m s
.l::--. nj
at high speeds.This is caused by
the uneven collision betr.veenthe 5 . 8 R e s L r i t l ni:i . i . , l z . . n t : tl t b r c e- 1 0 - 2 . 0
:8.0N
sulroundins inr isibie air particles
and the srnoke particles. Hence, 6 . C Find ac''eier:t:..::.
,sas (arr) molecules are mor ing ,-' --
i r r
li:'-:.t'turtapplr
r-'' -
colltinuousi]'and randornlyat high
speecls. F : m a - { l ' l i ,I , r - 1 5 ,= : j { r i l l ) \
(b ) (i) \tmospl.iericpressure+ \ f - -
\ t j \ \
7 . A D e r t r r t r- \ . ' , * , , , . l l ; . . r; r L h er o l u m e .
_

Pressureclueto neight olpiston

- Pressure ofgas the hrgher ili3.r3r-.:,i.. Theretbre,the
\\'ersht of piston liquid has rr.r\,r:.....ir', ier:tn at 120"C and
1 . 0. 1 0 -: , 1 . 0x 1 0 l minir-nlrmd e i . . : : - :. : 1! t l ' C .
- 15 . r o j
8 . A Nloments: F :
\\'eight oi piston - 20 N
1n- C l o c k s i s e n r r . m e : r-t 1 . 5N r 0 . 2 m
\ l r . : . r tp i s t o n : tg : ri.3 Nm
iO
( i i ) When a gas rnoleculecollides lvith
1s.lroment
Arrti-cltrcks 0.15m
_ 3.3N,"
the piston. a tbrce is exertedon it.
CW\I - -\C\\'\l : No resultantmoment
Since the moleculesare extremely
about the i-.irt t.
small and uumerous. the number
of collisror.rs betn'een the gas ^ FtrfCe
9 , 8 t'ressurc .{rea
moleculesand the piston is large.
Hence.the averageofall the forces \\-eicht \ i Nr'cm-
-\'ea,'cmr Pressure
actins on the piston b,v the gas r00 0.30
A 31)
molecnless'ill be sutficientlylarge
B 500 150 3.33
to suppol'tthe piston'sn eight.
C 7,50 300 2._s0
D I 0000 .+000 2.50

10.C Excesspressure
- Diff-erence
in liquid levels
:40 cmwater

Al1
Ph)'sics
Ans*ers to L)-L,evel \tarly Edition
.. SAP GroupPteLtd Year20I 0/Year2009
11.8 Sinceit is travellingon a level road,the
mainchangeof energy* ill be fiom kinetic
(moving object). to heat ener-ey(due to
2+.C
liiction).
: m g h : ( 1 . 0 X 1 0 ) ( 2 0 ) : 8 0J0
1 2 .C I n i t i a l G P E
I
Final KE : lmr,: : (0.5)(4.0)(20)r: 800 J
23.C Ultrasor-rndwaves are used to detect the
baby (not X-rays).
At a rarefaction.there is low (or negative)
pressure. A u,avelengtl-ris the distance
betu'eentwo points of the samephase,e.g.
d i : t a n c eb e l r r e e n2 c o r n p r e s s i opno i n t s .

Since the object does not rebound,all the 1 5 .B P is attractedto Y, as they are unlike charges
KE is converled to heat and sound energy ar.rd unlike charges attract. Similarly, X
upon impact (irnagine a piece of gel and Y are attracted as they contain unlike
dropping onto the ground). charges.

I 3. A The baseofthe saucepanis a solid (rnetal). 1 6 c The first and last stepto chargethe sphereis
n'hich is a good conductol ofheat. Therefore ain'avs to bring a charged object close and
the main fonr-rof thermal energy transf-eris then rernoving it last, as we are charging
conduction. the sphereby induction.
f T," T I Har ing trvo bulbs in parallel halves the
1 4 . AR , l -I -r (2.5-2.0)l+2i)
L ," lu I or erall resistancein the circuit. thereby
J , ' L r b l i r rtgh e t o t a lc u r r e n t .
- Lf r) no o 0 . 15 12 . 0
\\-hen the battery is discharging,the curent
- 2 . 1S >
flou is fiom the positive to the negative
1 5 .B Q: m/, tenninal. Thus when it is charging. we
1 7 0 0- m ( 3 4 0 ) $ ant the current to flow from the negative
1700 to the positive terrrrinal.
340
: 5 o : 9 D \\'hen both srvitchesR and S are closed,the
ireateru'ill be switched on, and the circuit
5 g of ice would have melted, therefbre is complete, thus blou'ing hot air. With
leaving3gofice. onlr sn,itchS closed,the heaterrvill not be
16.B Molecules of a gas move randomiy u'itl.ra srr itched on. but the 1an r.r'ill be su,itched
random arangement. on. thus blorving cold air.
, t I \ |
17. B As the moleculesmove closertogether.the -ll. C n - - - { t +1 2 1- 4 Q
temperatureincreases,sincethe molecules \ / ] R
mor,e faster. The pressure also increases r-R-?:0.45A
as the molecules collide r"'ith each other
more often, as there are the same nurlber The cun'entthroughR, and R. arethe same,
of moleculesin a smallervolume. thus by the formula V - lR, the r,oltage
L1 r\
is directly proportional to the resistance,
1 8 .D v : i l = : 20crns ^D r .
5
+- o]io tllereTore -
R. T
19.D n : f,, wherec is the speedof light in a
-r: D o
, -VR
'
vacuum,and v is the speedof light in the
medium. \/: )inl
R- it:ffi-625fi
20.B W-eexpectthe emergentray fbr B to bend
au,ayfrom the normal,insteadof ton ards -r3.c E - Pt- ( r .5kWXr .0h)+ (2.0kwx3.0h)
: 7 . 5k w h
thenormal.
Totalcost: (7.5)(24):180cents
21.D A lensrvitha longerfocallength*ill al1ou
position,
theimageto be locusedat a fur1her t-1.D To demagnetize a peffnanent magnet. \\re
make use of an A.C. circuit, and u,ithdrau'
22.D All electromagneticu'a."'escan trarel the magnet slorvly rvhen the current is
througha vacuum. s'"vitchedon.

\ns\\'efs 10 C)-L-e!el Ph)'sics Yearl! Edition

Al2
!r SAP Group Pte L1d Year2009
 35. A Make use of right hand grip rule. The 2. (a)
rnagnetic field lines are in concentric
centreof gravity
c i r c l e sa r o u n dt h e s i r e . of lorry

36. C The soft iron cvlinder helps to concentrate

the magneticfield lines cutting the coil. If
it is removed.the flux linkage is reduced,
thus the tumir.rgeflect is reduced.

37.8 Make use of Fleming,s lefl-hand rule.

Remember that the beam of electrons is
opposlteto the directionofthe conventional
cUrrentflO\\'.

38. D When a S-pole is pushedinto end p a N_

pole is inducedas P (by Lenz's law), u,,hich
is the same effect as pushing the N_pole (b) The lony is cunently in the neutral
into end Q. u'hich induces a S-pole at equilibrium position. When tilted
e
(and hencea N-pole at p). furrher.the line of action of the u,eight
lies outside the base area (gi,,.en bv
i9. D .\s the speed of rotation increases"the
the rvheels) of the lorn,. and gir.es a
irequencvof the output p.d. increases,and
resultant clockr.viselnoment about the
a l s ot h e r a i u eo f t h e o u t p u tp . d .
botioin right wheel, causingthe lorry to
,{0.D Poner transrnitted is the sarne topple over.
for the
prirnan and secondarycircuit. (c) The loser tlre cenrre of gravity" rhe
I,.\',.- 1,1,. n r o r e : t n h ] ct l r el t , ' r r i s .
( 0 , 5 1 1 X 1 0 I).:( 1 . 0 ) 3. (a) (i) \'lass is iltc rrcasure of the antount
r0.50
X;10
r o i m a i i e r i n a b o d r . a n c li s a s c a l a r .
1'- -:tr: =loA
u hereas,,ieisht l: a rrea,cureof the
lultouut rri gr.aritarir-rnaitbrce acting
PAPER2 ( r i l a [ \ , 1 - - t c ! t . . ,t e ] . t \ C C t O f .
SECTIO\ A ( i i ) G P E - i l c h - r l r , r rl 0 ) ( " { . 0 ) :g 0 0 . 1
I ( a ) ( i ) C o n s t a n t r a t e o f c h a n q e o f d i s t a n c e / ( b ) \ \ b r k d o r r r-. I r r i r ' : l s e
in GpE
D i s t a n crer o re d p e ru n i tt i i n ei s t h e \\'oi'i.clorrr. lr I t:t:ltLtie:800r -5:.1000 J
satlle.
p r , , \ c r \ \ . ' : . . : , n c _ - l { t 0 0 J ^n .n _/ , , .
( r i 1C o n s r a n tr a t e o f c h a n g e o f s p e c d i t i ( l . r ' K t ' t ) t r Us w
il '\-loclr) Changeof speedor
(a) \\'irrr-lcngrh- ().Jut
r ,-locltr per unit tinie is the same.
( b ) D i s r a n c et r . a cr l 1 e db v A ( b ) , A s r h c n l r e i s t r a v e l l i n gt o t h e r i g h t .
- speeC. tirre B ll()\e: .1(-r\\'11 initially fiom t : 0
:20' 1l untii tt |clrcltcs a rlaxintum negatile
: 280 nr i,iistri,riiilent.bef-cr.e rnovins Llp to tltc
n t i i \ u l L l n t p r _ . s i tei r d i s p l a c c r n e n ta. n d
D i s t a n c et r a re 1 l e db r B
: area trnder gr.aph th!-ni.raclido$| trl posilron B.
{ c ) T i i i r l r f r \ sj i r i c p o s i t i o n so f C
= l' ' 'o ' tt'
: 1 0 0n r
D i s t a n c ea p a r r: 1 8 0 l { 1 0: 1 E ( )n r
(c) F-or the first -l s. caL A r.r.tovesfur-iher
Iltni car B at a consrant r.ale-.
F r o m t - ' l s t o t : l . { s "c a r A c o n t i n L r c s
to tno\e fiirtlier lionr car- B^ bLrt at a
decreasingrate.

.\ns\ers to O Lcrr.l PhrsicsYearlr

l:ditirn
Al3
!. S \P GfouD Pre Lr(j Year1009
 = Speedr Time
(d) (i) Distance (ii) As the sliding contactmovesfrom
:2.0x0.10:0.2m P to Q, the brightnessof the lamP
(ii) d'ectcffiewave reduces.
(b) (i) V: RI
r-Y
'
R
: 1t l 9 - o o q a

04 o;i"**",iu aj

5 . (a) 1. The charged rod is brought near the

uncharged metal sPhere, but not
touching it.
2. The connection to earth is connected
to the metal sPhere and is then
removed.
3. The charged rod is now removed. Benveen 0 and I V, the increase ln current
and the tnetal sphere becomes r . l i n c e r d u e t o t h e c o n s t a n tr e i i s t a n c c .
positively charged. Fror-n1 \'to l2 V the current inct'easesto a
(b) The fiee electrons are initially repelled rlarimum of 200 mA.
by the negatively charged rod u'hen it
b
is brought near the rnetal sphere.Wl.ren
the eafth connection is connected-
the tiee electrons flow from the metal
sphereto eafih. This results in an excess
of positir''e charge. which causes the
sphere to be positively charged, even
after the eafih connection is removed.
(c) Q=lt
.I - -ai - ' -23. T1. "r o "- 4 . 8 l 0 " A 1 b ) T h e c o i l r o t a t e si n a c l o c k u i s e d i r e c t i o t l
initially for 180" maxiuum, fhet.t
: 0.48nA rotatesin an anti-clockuise direction.
(a) 1. The ends of the live rvire are not and oscillates until it comes to rest r11
inserled fully into the terminal. a r"ertical position (90' tiorr its initial
2. The firse is not connectedto the lir e
(c)
\\'1fe.
(b) Earth wire
(c) Wet hands reduce the resistanceof the
skin, and sincethe resistanceofthe bod)
Split-ring commutat0r
is very low. it can cause a very larse
current (due to the small resistance)tcr
floll' from the socket through the bod1.
causingan electricshock to the nset'.
(ii) When the splirling cor.nrrltttator
7. (a) (i) is used, the direction of the llon'
of cLlrrelit relative to the coil is
re"'erseclever1,'180". This ellsLlres
12V that the fbrce of the le11side o1'the
coil (the side nearerthe S-polc')is
alli'ays ttpu,ards. and the tbrce on
the right side of the coil is alu'ays
dou nlvards.

Al ri
Ans\\ersto O-l.e\el Phr.ics \ear!1 Edition
a S.\P Croup P1e Ltd Year2009
 SECTION B fibresanddestroyvitaminA in skin.
9. (a) (i) Volume of the coppercable / Large amounts of ultra-violet
- 5 0 0 0 m x 3 . 0 x l 0 - 1: 1 . 5 l n r radiationis harmfirlto the body.
Mass - Density x Volume (ii) f : therefbre the longer the
: 8 9 0 0 x 1 . 5 : 1 3 3 5 0k g i,
(ii) Weight:mg:13350 x 10: i 33500N r'vavelength,
thelowerthefrequency.

N u r n b eor l ' lo \ \ e r s -
l 3 3 5 o o:
14.6
For UVA, lorvest irequency =
9000 ;
- f 3f .i0 ' 1 0 '
Minirnum number of towers i;,:750 lorHz
required- 15
For UVB, lou'est frequency:
( b ) ( i ) R e s i s t a n coef t h e w i r e : 0 . 0 7 5 x 5 10 ^ lo8
;
: 0 . 3 7 5A
ffi-q38 l0r'Hz
\ ' : r R = ( 5 0 0 x 0 . 3 7 5 ): 1 8 7 . 5V (il1) X-rays i Gamma rays
( i i ) P : r : R : ( 5 0 0 ) r ( 0. 3 7s ) : 9 3 7 5 0W
ll EITHER
( r r r )9 i r 5 0 W - 9 3 . 7 5 k W
(a)
Energr.- Pr:93.75 x 24
:22s0 kwh
Cost:2250x 22
: .19500cents: $495
(c) {r ) The densitl' of aluminium is much
l c 5 ) c | L o r n p a r e dt o c o p p e ri o n l y I
compared to copper), hence lesser
seieht of the cable and this means
that less number of torvers are
r c q u i r e dr o s u p p o nr h e c a b l e .
(rr) Theresrstanceperunitlengthofsteel
- this will result in
n ire rs too lar_se
huge energr po*'er loss in the cable. The value of the arrnosphericpressure
and ctruid result in overheating in can be taken by measLu'ins rhe height of
thes ire. the mercury colurnn as slioun abor,'e.
Sincemercurl is used.the neasurement
10. (a) (i) -{nv trio of thefollowing: of the atmospheric pressure is in
1. The speedof transmissionusing mm Hg.
an opricalfibre is f-aster
compared To calculate atmospheric pressure
1,,j..,,ppernire. in Pascals. ne need to apply , the
2. Optical fibres har.e a larger forr..ula p - hpg, where i is the
bandnidth li.e. it can transmit height of the mercury colurnn (in
ntore tntbrrlation). lnetres). p is the density of mercury
3. Optical fibres do not experience ( 13600kg,'m'r).and g is the gravitational
electrical rntert-erence unlike field strength(10 N/kg).
copper u ires. This means (b) (i) lnternal energy of the air molecules
infomratic'rn transmitted is not refers to the total energy of the mol-
distor-ted. ecules.It comprisesthe kinetic and
4. There is less energv loss n,hen potentialenergyof the rnolecules.
transmittine intbmratron using (ii) Q : ntcAe: (0.025X0.70X10 - 20)
optical fibres. : 0 . 8 7 5J
(ii) Used in o\ ens tbr cooking. (iii) Thepressure in thecylirrderis
caused
(Satellitetransr.nission is a form of by the air moleculescollidingwith
transmissionof information). the walls of the container.Sorle
(b) (i) UVA can causedamageto collagen energyis lost to the cylinderduring

Answers to O-Level Phlsics Yearly Edirion

Ai5
e SAP Croup Pte Ltd Year2009
 these collisions (the collisions are
not completelr,'elastic),resulting in
the molecules mor.in-esiorver,and
hencea lower pressure.Also, afterr., PAPER 1
the gas stafis to cool from 70"C by v u 10 0
l. Da- r"-fn"-2.0tn,s-
radiation.As terrperaturefalls" the
moleculesrlove rvith a slowerspeed, 2. B The speed increases fiom 0 to 4 m/s
and tl-risresults in a lorver pressrtre initially (non-unifbnr.r acceleration as it
as the moleculeshit the rvalls of the is not a straight line), and then the speed
c-vlinderwith lesserfbrce. remains constant at 4 m/s. The speed
then decreasesfrom 4 to 0 rnls (uniform
OR
acceleration).Note: deceleration is just
(a) When the tuning fbrk vibrates,a sound
neqativeacceleration. As the speedis 0 m/s,
lr'ave travels ton,ardsthe disc.
the object is at rest
Sound u aves are longitudinal ."r'aves,and
the moleculesof air vibrate left and right. 3. B Since the car is moving lbm'ard. only an
Energy from this soundu'ave is transf'ened rncreasein the for*'ard fbrce, Q. rvill cause
to the disc, causing it to vrbrate lelt and au rncreasein speed.
right as r.vell. +. C Oil reduces friction betueen the tyles and
When the disc vibratesleft and right. the the road, thus causing the car to take a
magnet moves in and out of the fixed longer time to slorv dou'n.
coil. causing a change in the magnetic
flux linkageu,ith tlie coil. and an induced 5. D Sincethe object is stationary"the sunrofthe
e.m.f. is set r,rpdue to Faradar''slau's of forces must be equal to zero. Thus rvhen a
electrorna:,ln i ccitn d u c t i o n . vector diagram is drarvn. the arorvs must
S i n , ' er h en r A o n ci ts r n o ri n g i r ra n do t r t t. h e s t a n a n d e n d a t t h e s a m ep o i n t .
direction ofthe indnced cLLrrent changes 6. B Weight is a fbrce, and in this case.
as u'ell, resultingin an altematin_s e.m.f-. \ \ _- F _ 2 0 0
- lrr rr p
1,,r.^ zv NE:
(b) Greaterloudnessresultsin a greateralr- D b
trl
t U

plitude of oscillationof the arr molecules 7. D Volume of the cube :2 v.2 x 2 - 8 cml
and the disc. resulting in an e.m.l of a Mass : densitY x volume : 8 x 8 : 6'1g
largeramplitudebeing produced.
8. .{ Applying Principle of Mornents,
(The frequency renrains the same due to
clockrvisemoment= anti-clockrvise moments
the sarnepitch.)
1 5 0 x 0 . 7 5: f x ( 0 . 7 5+ 0 . 7 5 )
(c) Experimentnith Lenz's larv.
. 1 5 0 0 . 7 5- ' ) \
Make use of a coil of wire" connectedto r -
r i
a -ealvanometer
9. A The man's centre of gravitl, needs to be
directly above the rope in order for him to
balance.Otherwisehe will fall off.
10.D Workdone=Fxs
lN------3 \'\i / t' -r- : s
- "8"05. r i . "O - ( . - +\ \
<_ I 1 .B P o u e r
0-
Inser-tthe N-pole of a bar magnet into the
12.B Whenthe altitr-rde(height)increases. such
coil ofu'ire, and check the deflectionon
asonthetopof a mountain. theatmosphelic
the galvanometer. pressureis lessasthereis lessair'-pressing
Basedon the deflection,and applying the
down"on us,thuscausinga decrease in the
direction of magnetic field lines around a
heightof the mercurycolumn.
current-carryingwire. determinethe poles F^r.n Rv
n
of the inducedmagnetin the coil. 1 3 . C P r e s s u r-e ^ ' " ' i ' - : - - n , ^ - - \ c m '
SaseArea t(., )
Sincethe N-pole is beingpushedin, there
14.8 By the kinetic parlicle theorl'. particles
is an induced N-pole at the right end of
are in constantrnotion,*hether in a solid.
the coil to oppose the change.
liquid or gaseousstate.

Answersto C)-Le\el PhrsicsYearlyF-dirion

A16
! SAP GroupPte Ltd Year2009/Year
2008