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Goal of Financial Accounting (FI)
 Financial Accounting is designed to collect the transactional data

that provides a foundation for preparing the standard portfolio of
reports.
 In general, these reports are primarily, but not exclusively, directed
at external parties.
 Standard reports include:
 Balance Sheet
 Income Statement
 Statement of Cash Flows
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Target Audience
 Internal  External
 Executives - Legal Authorities
 Senior Management - Banks
 Administrative Staff - Auditors
 Employees - Shareholders
- Insurance
- Taxing Authorities
- Media
- Financial Analysts
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FI Organizational Structure
 Represents the legal and/or organizational views of an enterprise

 Forms a framework that supports the activities of a business in the
manner desired by management
 Permits the accurate and organized collection of business
information
 Supports the development and presentation of relevant information
in order to enable and support business decisions
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 Client
 An independent environment in the system Enroll Now :
 Company Code
 Represents an independent legal accounting unit
 Balanced set of books, as required by law, are prepared at this level.
 A client may have more than one company code
 United States
 Germany
 United Kingdom
 Australia
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Assets Owners Equity
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 Chart of Accounts
 A classification scheme consisting of a group of general ledger (G/L) accounts
 Provides a framework for the recording of values to ensure an orderly rendering of
accounting data
 The G/L accounts it contains are used by one or more company codes.
 Credit Control Area
 An organizational entity which grants and monitors a credit limit for customers.
 It can include one or more company codes Enroll Now :
 Business Area https://goo.gl/H4HFKP
 An organizational unit that represents a separate area of operations or responsibilities within
an organization and to which value changes recorded in Financial Accounting can be
allocated
 Financial statements can be created for business areas, and these statements can be used for
various internal reporting purposes.
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GBI 2.0 Structure for Financial Accounting
Global Bike Client
Company
Global Bike Inc. Global Bike Germany GmbH Code
Global Bike Chart of

Chart of Accounts Accounts
Bikes Business Area
Global Credit Control Credit Control

Area
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Chart of Accounts
 A listing of the accounts (assets, liabilities, equity, revenues,

and expenses) that are contained in the General Ledger
 A chart of accounts must be assigned to every company code in
order to create the General Ledger for that company
 Several company codes can use the same chart of accounts
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Chart of Accounts
 The foundation for the General Ledger is the Chart of Accounts
 A Chart of Accounts contains a complete list of all of the accounts
utilized in the General Ledger for a given company
 Financial accounting reports are prepared from the balances contained in
the General Ledger’s Chart of Accounts
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Chart of Accounts (continued)
 There are five types of accounts contained in a Chart of Accounts
 Assets
 Liabilities
 Equity
 Revenues
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 Expenses
 There are two primary accounting reports prepared from the General Ledger Chart
of Accounts
 Balance Sheet
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FI Master Data
 General Ledger (G/L) Accounts

 The unique combination of Company Code and Chart of Account creates
a data storage area called a General Ledger.
 The General Ledger contains a listing of the transactions effecting each
account in the Chart of Accounts and the respective account balance.
 It is utilized in the preparation of financial accounting statements.
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FI Master Data
 Customer and Vendor Master Data

 Customer and vendor account balances are maintained in FI through
fully integrated accounts receivable and accounts payable sub-modules.
 Financial postings for customers and vendors are made directly to their
respective individual accounts and accompanied by a concurrent
automatic posting to the General Ledger.
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Customer Accounts
 Accounts Receivable Sub-Module (FI-AR)
 Information with respect to customers who purchase the enterprise’s goods and services such as sales
and payments made
 Substantive and important integration between Sales and Distribution (SD) and Financial Accounting
(FI)
 Billings in SD generate FI journal entries for sales activity
Customer 189 Customer 142

100 300
950
Customer 135 Customer 123
400 150
Vendor Accounts
 Accounts Payable Sub-Module (FI-AP)
 Information with respect to Vendors from whom the enterprise purchases goods and services such as
purchases and payments made
 Substantive and important integration between Materials Management (MM) and Financial
Accounting (FI)
 Purchase and goods receipt activities in MM generate FI journal entries
Vendor 100234 Vendor 100435 Accounts Payable

200 250 (General Ledger)
850
Vendor 100621 Vendor 100846
100 300
FI Processes
 Posting a G/L Entry
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FI Reporting
 G/L Account Summary
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FI Reporting
 Balance Sheet
 Presentation of an organization’s Assets, Liabilities, and Equity at a point in time
 Assets: What the company owns
 Liabilities: What the company owes
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 Equity: The difference between Assets and Liabilities https://goo.gl/Als1si
 Assets = Liabilities + Equity
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FI Reporting
 Balance Sheet Example Liabilities
Accounts Payable 750
Assets Taxes Payable 250
Cash 1,000 Total Liabilities 1,250
Accounts Receivable 3,000
Equipment 500 Equity
Total Assets 4,500 Common Stock 2,000
Retained Earnings 250
Total Equity 2,250
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Total Liabilities
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FI Reporting
 Presentation of an organization’s revenues and expenses for a
given period of time (e.g. monthly, quarterly, or yearly)
 Revenues, in a simple sense, are inflows of cash as a result of
selling activities or the disposal of company assets.
 Expenses, in a simple sense, are outflows of cash or the creation
of liabilities to support company operations.
 Revenues - Expenses = Net Income
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FI Reporting
 Income Statement Example
Revenue
Sales 11,000
Deductions 750
Total Revenue 10,250
Operating Expenses
Cost of Goods Sold 4,500
Operating Expenses 3,750 Enroll Now :
Total Expenses 8,250
Net Income Before Taxes 2,000

Taxes 750
Net Income 1,250
FI Reporting
 Statement of Cash Flows
 Considers the associated changes, both inflows and outflows,
that have occurred in cash – arguably the most important of all
assets – over a given period of time (e.g. monthly, quarterly, or
annually)
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Accountants and Audit Trails
 Audit trails allow an auditor to begin with an account balance on a
financial statement and trace through the accounting records to
the transactions that support the account balance.
 Audit trails enable an auditor to trace individual transactions to
the effected account balance(s) on a financial statement.
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SAP Document Principle
 Each business transaction impacting FI writes data to the SAP database
creating a uniquely numbered electronic document.
 The document number can be used to recall the transaction at a later
date.
 It contains, for example, such critical and necessary information as:
 Responsible person
 Date and time of the transaction
 Commercial content
 Once written to the SAP database, a financial document (one impacting
the financial position of the company) can not be deleted from the
database.
 It can be changed to some degree.
 The SAP document principle provides a solid and important framework for
a strong internal control system – a requirement of law for companies that
operate in the United States and in most other countries in the world.
SAP Document Principle
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Goal of Controlling (CO)
 Managerial Accounting – also termed Controlling – is designed to collect
transactional data that provides a foundation for preparing internal reports
that support decision-making within the enterprise.
 These reports are exclusively for use within the enterprise and include:
 Cost center performance
 Profit center performance
 Budgets analyses
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CO Organizational Structure
 Represents the legal and/or organizational views of an enterprise
 Forms a framework that supports the activities of a business in the manner
desired by management
 Permits the accurate and organized collection of business information
 Supports the development and presentation of relevant information in order
to enable and support business decisions
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 Client
 An independent environment in the system
 Company Code
 Represents an independent legal accounting unit
 Balanced set of books, as required by law, are prepared at this level.
 A client may have more than one company code
 United States
 Germany
 United Kingdom
 Australia Liabilities &
Assets Owners Equity
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 Chart of Accounts
 A classification scheme consisting of a group of general ledger (G/L) accounts
 Provides a framework for the recording of values to ensure an orderly rendering of accounting
data
 The G/L accounts it contains are used by one or more company codes.
 Controlling Area
 A self-contained, organizational unit for which the management of revenues and expenses can
be performed
 May include one or more company codes; therefore, an enterprise can perform management
accounting analyses and reports across several companies
 A way to identify and track where revenues and costs are incurred for evaluation purposes
 Operating Concern
 Represents a part of an organization for which the sales market is structured in a uniform
manner
 A operating profit for the individual market segments can be calculated.
 Multiple controlling areas can be assigned to one operating concern.
GBI 2.0 Structure for Controlling
Global Bike Client
Operating
Global Concern Concern
Controlling Controlling Controlling

North America Europe Area
Company
Global Bike Inc. Global Bike Germany GmbH Code
Global Bike Chart of

Accounts
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Chart of Accounts
CO Master Data
 Profit Center
 Responsible for revenue generation and cost containment
 Evaluated on profit or return on investment
 Enterprises are commonly divided into profit centers based on
 Region
 Function
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 Cost Center
 Responsible for cost containment, not responsible for revenue generation
 One or more value-added activities are performed within each cost
center.
 Unit that is distinguished, for example, by area of responsibility,
location, or type of activity
 Copy center
 Security department
 Maintenance department
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CO Master Data
 Internal Order
 Temporary cost center responsible for cost containment, not responsible for revenue generation
 It is used to plan, collect, and monitor the costs associated with a distinct short-term event,
activity, or project
 Company picnic
 Trade show/Fair
 Recruiting campaign
 Revenue Element
 A one-to-one linkage (mapping) between General Ledger revenue accounts and CO revenue
elements is established to permit the transfer of FI revenue information to CO.
 Posting in FI that impact revenue accounts lead to a posting in CO to a revenue element.
 In other words, revenue account = revenue element – just different words depending on whether
FI object or CO object.
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 Cost Element
 A one-to-one linkage (mapping) between General Ledger expense accounts and CO cost
elements is established to permit the transfer of FI expense information to CO.
 Postings in FI that impact cost accounts lead to a posting in CO to a cost element.
 In other words, expense account = cost element – just different words depending on
whether FI object or CO object.
 Primary Cost Element

 Originate in the General Ledger within FI and are automatically transferred to CO when an
FI transaction is recorded in the General Ledger
 Secondary Cost Element
 Used exclusively in CO for allocations and settlements between and amongst cost centers
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Primary vs. Secondary Cost Elements
Managerial Financial
Accounting Accounting
(CO) (FI)
Aggregated Cost Elements General Ledger Accounts
Income Balance
Statement Sheet
Secondary Cost Primary Cost Expense

Elements Elements Accounts
Revenue
Accounts Enroll Now :
CO Master Data
 Statistical Key Figures

 Provide the foundation for accurate and effective cost allocations between
cost objects
 Utilized to support internal cost allocations involving allocations,
assessments, and distributions
 Examples: number of employees,square footage, minutes of computer
usage
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6 Hours Executive Offices
Copy
Center Maintenance
10 Hours
Activity Department
(20 Hours)
4 Hours IT Department
This figure shows an example of statistical key figures. A project cost center has 12
hours worth the activity. The statistical key figure is hours and is split at:
30% to the Work Center
50% to maintenance
20% to IS
All costs for the labor will be allocated in this fashion
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CO Processes
 Posting Primary Cost Element
Financial Accounting (FI)
Supplies Expense Cash

Debit Credit Debit Credit
1,500 1,500
Managerial Accounting (CO)
Cost Center
Primary Cost Element
A
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CO Processes
(FI) Transaction Financial Accounting (FI)

Supplies Expense
Document Debit Credit
Cash
Debit Credit
Amount
G/L Account # 1,500 1,500
Cost Center
1900012432
(CO) Transaction
Document
Cost Center Cost Center
Cost Element
20000657 1,500
Transactions can have an effect on both FI and CO.

The transaction will create a debit and a credit for FI (FI transaction)
If CO is turned on a cost center or cost element bucket will be updated (CO transactions)
CO Processes
 Posting Secondary Cost Element
Financial Accounting (FI)
Supplies Expense Cash

Debit Credit Debit Credit
1,500 1,500
Cost Center CC 1 Secondary Cost

A CC 2 Element
CO Processes
 Posting Secondary Cost Element
Executive Offices
Rent Expense
Debit Credit 1,800
t
en
1,500
Prim
Copy tE
l em
s
ary
Cos
t El Center c . Co
Maintenance
e me
nt Se
1,500 Department
Supplies Expense
Debit Credit 2,500 Sec. Cost Element
3,000
e nt
Co s t Elem
2,500 Prima
ry
2,000
t
men Se Information Services
le c.
tE C os
Labor Expense Co
s tE
ry lem
Debit Credit ma en
Pr i t 1,200
2,000
Types of Allocation
 Distribution
 Method for periodically allocating primary cost elements
 Primary cost elements maintain their identities in both the sending and receiving objects
 Sender and receiver cost centers are fully documented in a unique Controlling (CO)
document.
 Assessment
 A method of allocating both primary and secondary cost elements
 Primary and/or secondary cost elements are grouped together and transferred to receiver
cost centers through use of a secondary cost element.
 Sender and receiver cost centers are fully documented in a unique Controlling (CO)
document.
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Types of Allocation
 In Distribution and Assessment, you further allocate costs (or quantities for Indirect Activity
Allocations) collected on a cost center during the accounting period to receivers, according to
user-defined keys. These are therefore indirect allocation methods, because the exchange of
activity is not the basis for allocating costs/quantities. Instead, user-defined keys such as
percentage rates, amounts, statistical key figures, or posted amounts provide the
cost/quantity assignment basis.
 The advantage of these methods is that they are easy to use. You usually define the keys and
the sender/receiver relationships only once.
 Distribution and assessment are used primarily for cost centers. This is because direct cost
allocation is not possible here due to the variety of transactions, the lack of clearly defined
individual activity types and the fact that the entry of the activity is too time-consuming. For
example, the costs of the company cafeteria may be assigned based on the number of
employees in each cost center. Telephone costs are seldom allocated directly to the individual
cost centers, but are collected on a clearing cost center for each period. They are then
reposted or distributed at the end of the period according to the number of telephone units or
telephone installations in each cost center.
 Assessment is a method of allocating primary and secondary costs in Cost Center Accounting
and Activity-Based Costing. The following information is passed on to the receivers:
 The original cost elements are assigned cumulatively, or in groups, to assessment (secondary)
cost elements. The original cost elements are not recorded on the receivers.
 Sender and receiver information (sender cost center, receiver cost center,
EnrollorNow
business
:
process) appears in the Controlling (CO) document.
Distribution
Sending cost center Receiving cost centers
Primary cost element

maintains its identity
A005 –
D010 – 400 sft
550 sft
A010 – Administration
A010 –
Rent Expense Distribution 600 sft
$1,500 D005 –
900 sft
A015
A020 150
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S010 – 100 S005 –
200
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Primary cost element

maintains its identity
A005 –
D010 – $200
$275
A010 – Administration
A010 –
Rent Expense Distribution $300
$1,500 D005 –
$450
A015
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https://goo.gl/H4HFKP $50
S010 – $50 S005 –
$100
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Assessment
Primary and
secondary cost
D010 – 10%
elements A005 – 15%
A020 – IT
Software Expense A010 – 5%
$4,200 D005 – 20%
Assessment A015 – 10%
A020 – IT
A020 – 0%
Supplies Expense S010 – 10% S005 – 30%
$500
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Primary and
secondary cost
A020 – IT elements A005 – $705
D010 – $470
Software Expense
$4,200 A010 – $235
D005 – $940
Assessment A015 – $470
A020 – IT
A020 –$0
Supplies Expense
$500 S010 – $470
S005 – $1,410
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SAP CO Module
 Fully integrated with other SAP modules including, but not limited to:
 Financial Accounting (FI)
 Materials Management (MM)
 Sales and Distribution (SD)
 Production Planning and Execution (PP)
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Goal of Financial Accounting (FI)

 Financial Accounting is designed to collect the transactional data

For More Videos:

 Represents the legal and/or organizational views of an enterprise

For More Videos: Liabilities &

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Global Bike Client

Global Bike Chart of

Bikes Business Area

Global Credit Control Credit Control

 A listing of the accounts (assets, liabilities, equity, revenues,

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 General Ledger (G/L) Accounts

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 Customer and Vendor Master Data

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Customer 189 Customer 142

Vendor 100234 Vendor 100435 Accounts Payable

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Net Income Before Taxes 2,000

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Global Bike Client

Controlling Controlling Controlling

Global Bike Chart of

 Primary Cost Element

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Aggregated Cost Elements General Ledger Accounts

Secondary Cost Primary Cost Expense

 Statistical Key Figures

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Financial Accounting (FI)

Supplies Expense Cash

Managerial Accounting (CO)

(FI) Transaction Financial Accounting (FI)

Transactions can have an effect on both FI and CO.

Financial Accounting (FI)

Supplies Expense Cash

Managerial Accounting (CO)

Cost Center CC 1 Secondary Cost

Primary cost element

Primary cost element

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