STUDY OF TOP QUARK PAIR AND

CALCULATING THE TOP MASS

BY
JOYDEEP NASKAR

UNDER SUPERVISION OF
PROF. SUDESHNA BANERJEE

DEPARTMENT OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS,

TATA INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH, MUMBAI
 Top Quark
Figure: Semi-leptonic decay of t-tbar
produced from p-p collisons
Source: Wikipedia
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_quark#/m
edia/File:Top_antitop_quark_event.svg)
• It is an elementary particle in the Standard
Model.
• 3rd generation.
• Charge: 2/3 e.
• WHY IS IT INTERESTING?
• EXTREMELY SHORT LIFE TIME
• DECAYS BEFORE HADRONISATION
• A t-tbar pair may be generated at high energy
p-p collisions.
• The t(tbar) decays into b(b-bar) and W+(W-).
• W+(W-) can decay in several ways:
1. Through a lepton and a neutrino.
2. Through a quark-antiquark pair.
• Hence we have, fully leptonic, semi-leptonic
& fully-hadronic decay of t-tbar.
 MC SIMULATIONS USING PYTHIA 8.2
• Some backgrounds mimic t-tbar signal. We use Monte SOME MAJOR BACKGROUNDS FOR t-tbar
Carlo simulations for all those background that mimic the Drell-Yan
signal. The MC takes account of detector limitations and QCD
allow us to simulate complex multi-particle interaction at
generator level. W Jets
Single Top
DiBosons (ZZ, WZ, WW)

An overlay of Transverse Momenta of final highest pT lepton A Stack plot of Transverse Momenta of final highest pT lepton
for 10,000 each Drell-Yan and t-tbar processes generated at for t-tbar with major backgrounds Drellyan and QCD
CM energy 13TeV. Event weights not assigned. generated at CM energy 13TeV. Event weights are assigned.
 INVARIANT MASS

Invariant mass of highest pT lepton-antilepton pair in
10000 Drell-Yan events simulated by Pythia8 at CM
energy 13TeV
In Drell-Yan, the final product is a lepton-antilepton pair which
mimics the ttbar fully leptonic decay.
Invariant mass of highest pT lepton-neutrino pair in
10000 ttbar events simulated by Pythia8 at CM
energy 13TeV
 REAL CMS DATA
A small fraction (CM energy 7TeV, Integrated Luminosity 50 pb-1) of real CMS data taken in 2011,
stored in plain root tuples.
Source: http://ippog.org/resources/2012/cms-hep-tutorial
 DATA & MC AFTER CUTS
Type Drell QCD Single ttbar W Jets WW WZ ZZ Simulations Data
Cuts Yan Top

Data Sample 77729 142 5684 36941 109737 4580 3367 2421 240601 469384
pT >25 & 32161 6014.8 289.9 899.6 191302 213.0 65.4 16.3 231108.7 229597
|η|<2.5(2.1)
for Jet(Muon)
MET pT>25 8427.2 597.6 239.9 778.3 152925 169.7 44.4 6.5 163188.6 160000
#Jets 1 or 1715.4 310.6 239.9 770.2 19368.9 109.8 28.3 3.8 22546.9 24438
more
#Jets 2 or 406.8 201.4 144.8 707.5 3908.4 43.2 12.7 1.8 5426.6 5659
more
# bJets 1 or 32.1 0 97.4 542.4 316.0 4.2 1.8 0.3 993.9 938
more
# Muon 1 or 24 0 74 408.4 228.0 3.6 1.3 0.2 739.5 673
more
Final Cuts: Leading Jet pT > 25 GeV/c, Leading Isolated Muon pT > 25 GeV/c, Leading Jet |η|< 2.5, Leading Muon |η|< 2.1,
Missing Energy pT > 25GeV/c, # Jets 2 or more, # bJets 1 or more, # Muons 1 or more.
Events Events

Number of Jets Number of bJets

Events Events

Number of Muons |η|

Events
Events

Transverse Momenta(GeV/c) |η|

Events Events

Transverse Momenta(GeV/c) Transverse Momenta(GeV/c)

Events
Here, we have chosen only those
events which have 3 or more jets
(in addition to the cuts already
applied). 2 jets (not b) are
selected and their transverse mass
is calculated. All such
combinations of 2-jet transverse
energy is calculated and the one
closest to the true mass of W is
selected.

Transverse Mass of W (GeV/c2)

 Top Mass using 2 Jets(not b) from W and a b-Jet
Events

Mass of W quark is calculated using two jets

(not b). We can use them and a b-jet to get
the top mass. But, since Jet charge data is
not available. We are not sure, if we are
choosing the correct b-Jet.

Top Mass (GeV/c2)

 Top Mass using M3 Variable
We choose the combination of three jets in an event that have the highest vector sum of transverse
momenta and calculate their invariant mass (M3).

Events

Invariant Mass of 3-Jets with Highest Vector Sum of pT (GeV/c2)

Note: The systematic error analysis
The mass of top quark is 192.1 ± 5.4 (stat) GeV/c2 has not been done.
 Top Mass From b-Jet Energy Spectra
We take the logarithm of b-Jet energy spectra and fit it with
Gaussian to find the peak. Calculate the Top Mass using:
(1/E) dN/dlogE

logE

Note: bJet Energy The Top quark mass calculated is found to be 173.6GeV/c2
has units GeV
Uncertainties are yet to be calculated.
 REFERENCES
• V. Khachatryan et al, Measurement of differential cross sections for
top quark pair production using the lepton + jets final state in
proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV, PHYSICAL REVIEW D 95, 092001
(2017)
• The CMS Collaboration, Measurement of the top-quark mass from
the b jet energy spectrum, CMS Physics Analysis Summary, CMS PAS
TOP-15-002 (2015)
• CMS HEP Tutorial (http://ippog.org/resources/2012/cms-hep-tutorial)