LOGARITHMS JEE ADVANCED - VOL - I

LOGARITHMS
SYNOPSIS POINT

1. If N, a   1 being any two positive real numbers 1,0 

and for some real x such that a  N then x is x
0 log aN
said to be logarithm of N to the base ‘a’. This
can be written as log aN = x 12. If a,b,c are three positive real numbers which
are in G.P then their logarithms to the same base
log x
ab 
2.  log ax  log bx  a, b  0  are in A.P. that is log ax ,log bx ,log cx are in A.P
a
3. log
b
 
 log ax  logbx  a, b  0  13. Graph of function y  f  x   log ax here D =
x

R  0 this graph is symmetrical about y- axis

4. a m

log x  m log ax  a  0 For a  1 graph is

1
logxn   log ax
a
5.  a  0 y
n
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a m
m a
6. log xn  log x  a  0  1,0  1,0
n x
0
7. log aa  log xx  1 (here the number and base are
equal except 1)
8. Log 1 to any base is always 0. log1x  0 where
For 0  a  1 graph is
 x  0, x  1 y
a a y
9. log  log  log (change of base formula)
x y x

1 1,0 
10. log ab   1,0  x
log ba 0

11. If a >1 then log aN is an increasing function. that

is if N   then log aN  

14. ORDER RELATIONS:

If a  1 log ax  log ay  x  y
If 0  a  1 log ax  log ay  x  y
log aN
If logba  0  either a  1, b  1 or  a  1, b  1
0 1,0  If logba  0  either a  1, b  1 or  a  1, b  1
 1 x 
N
If 0  a  1 then log is decreasing function. That 15. If f  x   log   then for a, b   1,1
a 1 x 
is as N   then log aN    ab 
f   f  a   f b
 1  ab 
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 JEE ADVANCED - VOL - I LOGARITHMS

x2 x3 x 4 x5 1 1
16. log 1  x   x      ............. (C) a  (D) a 
2 3 4 5 16 4
1  x  1 9. If log 3  x 3  x 2  x  1  log 3  x  1
 log3  x  1  2 then the value of x
 x2 x3 x 4 x5 
17. log 1  x     x      .............  (A) 1 (B) -1 (C) 10 (D) 5
 2 3 4 5  3
10. If log10  0.4771 then the number of digits in
1  x  1
340 is
1 x   x3 x5 
18. log    2  x    ............. x 1 (A) 18 (B) 19 (C) 20 (D) 21
 1 x   3 5 
11. In triangle ABC log cos A
0.1  1
then A be longest

LEVEL-IV   1   1 
1    1 
(A)  2 , cos  10   (B)  cos  10  , 2 
      
  
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS (C) R (D)  ,0 
 2 
1. If log 3a  2,log8b  3 then logba 12. If x  1, y  1, z  1 are three numbers in G.P
(A) log32 (B) log32 (C) log34 (D) log34 1 1 1
then 1  ln x , 1  ln y , 1  ln z are in
2. If a, b, c are distinct positive number different
(A) A.P (B) H.P (C) G.P (D) AGP
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from 1 such that   logb .log c  log a   0 then

a a a
a
13. The least value of 2log100  log 0.0001
a , a  1 is
abc = (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 1
(A) 0 (B) e (C) 1 (D) e 2 14. The sum of the series
3. The value of log 24  log 82  log162 ................. is 1 1 1 1
   ......................... 
(A) e 2 (B) ln 2  1 (C) ln 2  1 (D) 1  ln 2 4 4
log 2 log 4 log84
log 42n is
4. If 2log ax  log ax
a
 3log aa x  0 then x =
2
n  n  1 n  n  1 2n  1
1 2 4 3 (A) (B)
(A) a 3 (B) a 3 (C) a 3 (D) a 4
2 12
 x 7 1 n  n  1
2  
5. If log ,log 3  2  5  ,log
2 x  are in A.P then
2 (C) n  n  1 (D)
3 3 4
the value of x 15. The solution to the equation
(A) 1,4 (B) 2,3 (C) 5,6 (D) 5,7
1
6.  x  2  x  2
If log 0.1  log 0.01 then the range of x log x  1  log  2 x  15   1
2
(A) 2  x  3 (B) 4  x  6
3 23 15
(C) 3  x  5 (D) 0.01  x  0.1 (A) (B) (C) 5 (D)
3 2 2 2
7. The value of log 20 lies in
16. The solution set of log 2 4  5 x  2 is
1 1 1 1
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  8   4 8
 4 3 3 2
(A)  ,   (B)  , 
 1 3  3 4 5  5 5
(C)  ,  (D)  , 
 2 4  4 5 8   8
(C)  ,0    ,   (D)  0, 
8. If the roots of the equation x2  4 x  log a2  0 5  5   
are real then 17. If x  2 , then the value of
1 1 x 2

(A) a  (B) a  log 4    2log 4  4 x  is
4
2 8
 4 
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(A) 2 (B) -4 (C) -6 (D) 8  1   1 
3
x (C)  3  (D)  3 , 3 
18. If log 2 x  log 2  4  0, then x is equal to  9,1   9 
16
1 26. A solution of the inequality log 0.2  x 2  4   1
(A) 4 (B) -4 (C) (D) 2 satisfies
4
x  x (A) 1  x  2 (B) 2  x  3
19. The sum of series log cos    log  cos 2 
 2  2  (C) 3  x  4 (D) 1  x  3
 x  x   x 
 log  cos 3  ..........  log  cos n   log  sin n   27. If f  x   log10  3x 2  4 x  5 , then
 2  2   2 
(A) Domain of f is R
is equal to
  11  
 1   1  (B) Range of f is  log10  3  ,  
(A)  n  sin x (B) log  n sin x     
2   2 
1 1 (C) f is defined in  0,  
(C) n cos x (D) log sin x  n
2 2   11  
20. The number of pairs  x, y  satisfying the (D) range of f is  , log10  3 
  
equations log xy  log xy  2 and x 2  20  y is
(A) Infinite (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 1
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE ANSWER
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28. Column-I
log x log y log z 3 x 2 5
21. If   , then which of the I. x 4  log 
3  log3x
4
 3
b c c  a a b
following are true?
(A) xyz  1 (B) xa y b z c  1
II. log 3 sin x  2 
2 cos x  2, 2  x  2

(C) xb c y c  a z a b  1 (D) xyz  xa y b z c x2

III. log 0.2 1
2 x
22. If x log x  6 log x 11  64 then x is equal to
2 2

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16 IV. log 2  x  5   6  x

23. The solution set to the inequality Column-II
A. number of solutions = 2
log 2 x 3 x 2  1 contains
B. number of solutions = 3
 3  C. number of solutions = 1
(A)  0,1 (B)  , 1
 2  D. infinite number of solutions
(C)  1,0  (D)  0,3 29. Column-I
24. If log x  6 x  1  log x  2 x  , then x belongs to I. f  x   log10 x 2
 x 1
1 1 1  II. f  x   2log 2
 x5
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  
6 4  6  III. f  x   2  log 2 4  5 x
1 
(D)  ,   IV. f  x   log 1  x  6 x  12 
2
(C) 1, 
8  2
25. A solution of the system of equations Column-II
x x  y  y x  y and x.y  1
8 
A. f  x   0 for  ,0    ,  
(A) 1,1 
(B) 1, 3 3
 5 
B. Domain f  x  is x  1 or x  1

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 JEE ADVANCED - VOL - I LOGARITHMS

C. f  x   0x   4,  
1
D. Domain of f  x  is R Statement II: log b a  m log ab
m
30. Column-I
INTEGER QUESTIONS
I. log 1  x  3  0, then x can be
2

II. log 2 x , then x can be 1 







log 2
 

4 
 
 

III. log 2 x  log x 2  2, then x can be 1 
 1 
34. 5 5  log  3  7   log 
 

1 
 1
2  2  10  2 21 
IV. log 1  2 log 2 x   0 , then x can be 2
2   9 3
  81 1/ log 5  3 3 / log 6  2 / log 725 
Column-II log 625

A. x  10 35. 
 409

 
 7  125  

 
3 36. The value of x satisfying the equation
B. x 
2 62 x  4   33 x  2 x  8  is
3 37. The number of solutions of the equation
C. x   10 x 2 1
2 x2  x2
3x
is
1
D. x 
KEY - LEVEL-IV
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ASSERTION-REASONING QUESTIONS SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS

Statement I and II are given in each of the 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C
questions in this section. Your answer should 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C
be as per the following pattern: 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.B
(A) If both statement I and II are correct 13.C 14.D 15.C 16.C
and II is a correct reason for I 17.C 18. A 19.B 20.D
(B) If both statement I and II are correct ONE OR MORE THAN ONE ANSWER
and II ia not a correct reason for I 21.A,B,C,D 22.A,B,C
(C) If statement I is correct and statement 23.B,C,D 24.A,B
II is false 25.A,C 26.B,D
(D) If statement I is false and II is correct. 27.A,B,C
31. Statement I: If a  x 2 , b  y 2 and c  z 2 MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
28.I-B, II-A, III-D, IV-C
where x, y, z are non-unit positive reals, then
29. I-B, II-C, III-A, IV-AD

8 log ax
3

 log  log   27
y3
b
z3
c 30. I-A, II-ABC III-D IV-BC
ASSERTION-REASONING QUESTIONS
Statement II: If logba .logba 1 , then x = 3 31.C 32. D 33.B
32.
2
Statement I: If x log 1 x   9 then x = 3
x INTEGER QUESTIONS
x
34.6 35.1 36.4 37.2
Statement II: a log  x where 0  a  1 wheree
a

x>0
33. Statement I: The equation
 5 x 
2

 
log 2  x 1  log3 x2 15  x has no solution.

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LOGARITHMS JEE ADVANCED - VOL - I

HINTS - LEVEL-IV 5. Ans: B

Use 2b  a  c we get
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
 7
2log3  2 x  5   log 32  log 3  2 x  
1. Ans: C  2
1
2  7
log 3a  2  3  a 2  a  3 2   2 x  5  2  2 x   put 2 x  t
 2
log8b  3  8  b2  a  2
logba  log 21  log34  7
2
32  t  5 2t  
2. Ans: C  2
2
t  10t  25  2t  7
 log a log a log a  t 2  12t  32  0
  log b . log c  log a   0
   t  4  t  8  0
3 t  4 or 8
  log a   log a.log b.log c   0

3 3 3
  log a    log b    log c   3log a.log b.loc  0 If t  4 2 x  4  x  2
 log a  log b  log c  0 If t  8 2 x  8  x  3
 log abc  log1 6. Ans: A
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 abc  1
2log0.1
x  2
 log0.1
x  2
3. Ans: D
2
log 24  log 82  log16
2
.........  x  2   x  2
1 1 1   x  2   x  2  1  0
 log 22  log 22  log 22 ..................
2 3 4  x  2  x  3  0
1 1 1 2 x3
   ........................
2 3 4 7. Ans: B
 1 1 1  We know that 32  20  33
 1  1    ............
 2 3 4 
 1  ln 2 2log33  log 20 3
3  3log 3

 1 1 1   2  log 320  3
 ln 2  1  2  3  4  ........... 1 1
 log 320 
4. Ans: C 2 3
Put log ax  P 8. Ans: C
2 1 3 2 G.E x2  4 x  log a2  0
G.E p  1  p  2  p  0  6 p  11 p  4  0
All roots are real b  0
1 4
p . 16  4log a2  0
2 3
1
4  log a2  0
1 1
If p   log ax   xa 2
log a2  4
2 2
1
1 4
4 a  24  a 
If p   log ax   x  a 3 16
3 3
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 JEE ADVANCED - VOL - I LOGARITHMS
9. Ans: C 4  5x  4  5x  4  4
G.E  either 5 x  4  4 or 5 x  4  4
log 3  x  1  x  1  log 3  x  1  log 3  x  1  2
2
8
 either x  0 or x 
5
  x  1  x 2  1 
log 3  2 17. Ans: C
  x  1 x  1  By substuting x = -2, the given expression value
becomes -6
log 3  x  1  2  x  10 18. Ans: A
10. Ans: C By verification x = 4 satisfies given equation
Let y  340 19. Ans: B
Given expression is
log10y  40log10
3
 40  0.4771  4  4.771  19.084
x x
Here cha=19  number of digits = 20 log cos  log cos 2  ..........
11. Ans: B 2 2
Given inequality x x
 log cos n  log sin n  log 2n  log 2n
1 2 2
log 0.1 cos A  1  cos A  \
10 by adding and subtractiong log 2n
( logarithemic function is decreasing)
log sin x  log 2n
1
A  cos 1  sin x 
10  log  n 
12. Ans: B  2 
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As x,y,z are in GP  lnx, lny, lnz are in AP 20. Ans: D

 1+lnx. 1+lny, 1+lnz are in AP log xy  log xy  2  x  y
1 1 1 x, y  1
, ,
1  ln x 1  ln y 1  ln z are in HP substute the value y= x in the equation
13. Ans: C
x 2  20  y
2
 1 
  2log100  log a   4  x 2  x  20  0
a a 100
2log100  log a 
 100 
14. Ans: D
 x  5  x  4   0
From given expression we get  x  5  x  4 
n y 5
log 24  log 44  log84  ...................  log 42
existing number of pairs.
log 22  21  22..............2n 
1  2  3  ....................n n  n  1 ONE OR MORE THAN ONE ANSWER

2

4
log 2
2  1

15. Ans: C 21. Ans: A,B,C,D

Given equation is possible when log x log y log z
x  1  0,2 x  15  0  
b c c a a b
on simplification given equation becomes log x  k  b  c 
 x  1 2 x  15  10 log y  k  c  a 
23 log z  k  a  b 
Which gives x = 5, x  possible solution is
2
x=5 let
16. Ans : C T  xyz
From the given inequality we get log T  log x  log y  log z

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LOGARITHMS JEE ADVANCED - VOL - I
substuting the above values we get T=1 26. Ans: B,D
 xyz  1
Given inequality log 0.2  x 2  4   1
similarly we can prove
xa , y b , c z  1 again x 2  4  0  x  2.........(2)
xbc y c  a z ab  1 1
a b c
 x 2  4   0.2 
xyz  x y z
22. Ans: A,B,C  x2  4  5
By verification we get  x2  9  0
23. Ans: B,C,D
2  x   3,3  x  3..............(1)
log 2x x 3  1
x 2  0  x   ,0    0,   ........(1) From (1) and (2) we get options B and D
2 x  3  1  x  1........................(2)
27. Ans: A,B,C
case: A: If 0  2 x  3  1 Given f  x   log10  3x 2  4 x  5 , here f  x  is
3 defined 3 x 2  4 x  5  0
i.e  x  1
2
then Which is true for every
2
log 2x x  3  1  x 2  2 x  3 or
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
x 2  2 x  3  0i.e  x  3 x  1  0
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 x   , 1   3,  
28. Ans: I-(B); II-(A); III-(D); IV-(C)
from (1) and (2) (3) (4) conceptual
 3  29. Ans: I-(B); II-(C); III-(A); IV-(A,D)
x   , 1
 2  conceptual
Case B: If 2 x  3  1
30. Ans: I-(A); II-(A,B,C); III-(D); IV-(B,C)
 x  1.......................(5)
2
conceptual
log 2x x  3  1  x 2  2 x  3 or
x 2  2 x  3  0 or  x  3 x  1  0 ASSERTION-REASONING QUESTIONS
 x   1,3
From (1),(2),(5) and (6) 31. Ans: C
x   1,0    0,3 conceptual
 3  32. Ans: D
Hence x    ,  1     1, 0    0, 3 
 2  conceptual
24. Ans: A,C
33. Ans: B
Discuss the cases 0  x  1 , x > 1 and removing
logarithems using definition. We get options A conceptual
and C
25. Ans: A,D INTEGER QUESTIONS
Given equations
34. Ans: 6
x x  y  y x  y ....................(1)
35. Ans: 1
1
x.y  1  y  ........(2) 36. Ans: 4
x
37. Ans: 2
solving (1) and (2) we get options A and D
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