TRIVITRON

TRIVITRON-Cellenium 21 Jr
Automated Hematology Analyzer

Service Manual
 Copyright

TRIVITRON Healthcare Pvt.Ltd.

II
 CONTENT
Copyright.............................................................................................................I
Chapter 1 System Description.........................................................................1
1.1 Front View............................................................................................1
1.2 Rear View............................................................................................2
1.3 Principles of Operation.........................................................................2
1.4 WBC Test Principle and Differential.....................................................4
1.5 RBC Test Principles..............................................................................5
1.6 Platelet Test Principle...........................................................................6
1.7 HGB Colorimetric Method....................................................................6
1.8 Parameters...........................................................................................7
Chapter 2 Notice..............................................................................................8
2.1 External Factors...................................................................................8
2.1.1 Voltage........................................................................................8
2.1.2 Electromagnetic Interference......................................................8
2.1.3 Temperature................................................................................8
2.2 Location Requirement..........................................................................8
2.3 Notices for Startup...............................................................................9
2.4 Blood Samples Collection and Test.....................................................9
Chapter 3 Circuit............................................................................................10
3.1 Introduction........................................................................................11
3.1.1 Electrical System.......................................................................11
3.1.2 Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS)........................................12
3.1.3 ARM Board................................................................................12
3.1.4 FPGA Board..............................................................................13
3.1.5 Analog Amplifier Board.............................................................13
3.1.6 Valve and Motor Drive Board....................................................14
3.1.7 AVDD Board..............................................................................15
3.1.8 Button Board.............................................................................15
3.1.9 Reorder.....................................................................................16
3.2 Electrical System Fault......................................................................16
3.3 Parameters Detection Principle.........................................................18
Chapter 4 Flow System.................................................................................19
4.1 Dilutor.................................................................................................20
4.2 Sample Cup.......................................................................................21
4.3 Vacuum Pump....................................................................................22
4.4 Sampling Mechanism........................................................................22
4.5 Solenoid Valve...................................................................................23
4.6 Vacuum Chamber..............................................................................24
4.7 LMS Board.........................................................................................24
 CONTENT

4.8 Function of Flow System Valves........................................................25

4.9 Flow System Fault.............................................................................26
Chapter 5 Test................................................................................................30
5.1 System Calibration.............................................................................30
5.2 Gain Adjustment................................................................................33
5.2.1 WBC, RBC Gain Adjustment.....................................................33
5.2.2 HGB Voltage Adjustment..........................................................33
5.2.3 PLT Gain Adjustment................................................................34
5.2.4 Vacuum Adjustment..................................................................34
5.3 System Check....................................................................................34
5.3.1 Motor Check..............................................................................34
5.3.2 Valve Check..............................................................................35
5.3.3 System Status Check................................................................36
5.4 Internal Calibration.............................................................................37
Chapter 6 Software Upgrade and Online......................................................38
6.1 ARM Board Software Upgrade..........................................................38
6.1.1 Preparations..............................................................................38
6.1.2 Upgrade Process......................................................................38
6.2 Online.................................................................................................39
6.2.1 Preparations before Online.......................................................39
6.2.2 Online Procedures....................................................................39
Chapter 7 Common Faults.............................................................................40
Appendix: Flow System...................................................................................42
 Copyright
Declaration

TRIVITRON owns the copyright of this unpublicized issued manual, and has
right to handle as secret information. This manual just used as reference for
operation, maintenance and service of manufacturer product. Other person
has no right to publish this manual.
This manual includes special information protected by copyright law.
Copyright reserved, prohibit copy and transmit any content of this manual
without TRIVITRON written agreement.
TRIVITRON doesn’t make any form of guarantee for this manual, including
(but not limit to) implied guarantee responsibility on marketability and propriety
lodged for certain purpose. TRIVITRON has NO responsibility for the error
included in this manual and indirect & abiogenetic damage that is caused by
actual representation & usage provided by this manual.
Content in the manual can be changed without giving notice.

Manufacturer’s Obligation：

TRIVITRON is only responsible for instrument secTrivitrony, reliability and

capability under following condition：
 Perform assembling, extending, adjustment, improvement and repair
by TRIVITRON authorized person.
 Relevant electrical equipment accord with national standard;
 Follow Operation Manual to operate.
NOTE：This instrument cannot be used in family.

WARNING：

If each hospital or institution that is responsible for using this instrument

cannot realize a set of satisfactory service procedure, it will cause abnormal
invalidation of instrument, even harm personal health.

Nowadays, TRIVITRON will provide relevant technical information

conditionally when customer request, in addition, state calibration method and
other information in

I
 Copyright

list to help eligible technician to repair TRIVITRON instrument.

Guarantee

Manufacture Technics and Materials

TRIVITRON guarantees TRIVITRON-Cellenium 21 Jr automated hematology
analyzer has no technical and material problem within one year from shipping
date if it is under normal use and maintenance.

Free Service
TRIVITRON’s obligation under this guarantee does NOT include freight and
other fee. TRIVITRON is not responsible for direct, indirect, ultimate damage
and delay caused by following condition: improper use; replace accessories or
repair analyzer by person who is not authorized by manufacturer.

This guarantee is not applicable for following items: improper use; damaged
analyzer or the one which has NOT been maintained; TRIVITRON original
S/N label or manufacture label has been replaced or tore off; other
manufacturer’s product.

SecTrivitrony, Reliability and Run Status

If following occur, TRIVITRON is not responsible for the secTrivitrony,
reliability and run status of TRIVITRON-Cellenium 21 Jr automated
hematology analyzer：
 Disassemble, stretch and adjust analyzer’s assembly;
 Repair or change analyzer by non-TRIVITRON authorized person.

Return of goods

Procedure on returning goods

If user really needs to return analyzer, please following the steps below:
Contact with TRIVITRON sales company to get the right of return, inform S/N
which marked on outer pack. Analyzer with illegible label is NOT acceptable.
Please mark analyzer No. and S/N, briefly state return reason.
Freight：it is user’s liability for freight (including custom costs).

Version: 12/2011

II
 Chapter 1 System Description

1.1 Front View

Display is a 10.4-inch LCD. The 5 shortcut keys are Print, Flush, Mode, Prime
and Drain respectively.

Figure 1-1

1
 System Description

1.2 Rear View

Mouse and
Keyboard Port

USB Port

COM Port

USB Printer Port

Stylus Printer Port

Waste Grounding
Sensor Terminal

Diluent Port

Power Switch

Lyse Port

Detergent Port
Waste Port

Figure 1-2

1.3 Principles of Operation

TRIVITRON-Cellenium 21 Jr is a multi-parameter, automated hematology

analyzer. It can display 21 parameters and 3 histograms. Analyzer adopts
Electrical Impedance Method for WBC, RBC and PLT test and Colorimetric
Method for HGB test.

2
 System Description

1.3.1 Electrical Impedance Method

Electrical Impedance Method is based on the non-conductivity of blood cells.

When the blood cells in Diluent pass through the ruby aperture, resistance will
change, base on that we can get the counting and volume of WBCs.

1.3.2 WBCs Counting Principles

TRIVITRON-Cellenium 21 Jr automated hematology analyzer uses a single

channel to count, that WBC and RBC count are completed in the same
sample cup. There are two test processes. The first one is for WBC/HGB test,
the second one is for RBC/PLT test. Quantitative blood is diluted by
quantitative Diluent ， and then RBCs are dissolved by Lyse so as to run
WBCs counting.

Figure 1-3
Inner and outer electrodes of constant current source are located in front
chamber and back chamber respectively. There is a ruby aperture with a
diameter of 80μm between these two chambers. Back chamber is full of a
certain concentration of cell suspension, and front chamber is filled with
Diluent.
Conductivity of cells is lower than that of Diluent. They are being treated as
relatively poor conductors. When a cell particle goes through the ruby

3
 System Description

aperture, it will cause an instantaneous pulse voltage between inner and outer
electrodes. Number of pulses generated is indicative of number of particles
that traversed aperture. Amplitude of each pulse is in proportion to the volume
of particle that produced it. Under the effect of negative pressure, a certain
volume of cells will constantly go through ruby aperture to produce a series of
pulses.
Total number of a certain volume of cells can be obtained by pulse
amplification, identification, deformation, threshold adjustment and A/D
conversion.

1.4 WBC Test Principle and Differential

Along with WBC parameters, analyzer could also give the WBC histogram
which can display the average volume of specific cells population, cells
distribution and abnormal cells.
Add a certain amount of dilution and Lyse into sample cup. Lyse can make
RBC dissolved and WBC dehydrated to form "film covers core", so that the
processed WBC volume is between 35 fL and 45 fL. In the measurement of
WBC, analyzer divides distribution range of WBC volume (35~450 fL) into 256
channels. Each channel is 1.64 fL. Pulse of each WBC is saved in
corresponding channel according to its volume and then being processed by a
computer to compose a smooth curve so as to get a WBC volume distribution
histogram (See Figure 1-4). The ordinate indicates the relative quantity of
WBC (rel.no) and the abscissa indicates the volume of WBC (fL).

4
 System Description

Figure 1-4
According to the volume, WBCs handled by Lyse can be subdivided into three
categories: Lymphocyte (LYM), Monocyte (MID) and Granulocyte (GRAN).

LYM 35—90 fL
MID 90—160 fL (Composed of eosinophils, basophils and monocytes.)
GRAN 160~450 fL

1.5 RBC Test Principles

1.5.1 RBC Total Number Test Principle

RBC test principle is alike to WBC test principle. With the effect of negative
pressure, a certain amount of cells go through ruby aperture (80μm) and
produce corresponding pulse in size. Analyzer can work out total number and
average volume of RBC according to the size and height of pulse. Meanwhile,
it can also get a RBC volume distribution histogram (See Figure 1-5)
according to single measured RBC volume and the percentage of cells which
have the same volume.

5
 System Description

Figure 1-5
Under normal conditions, we can ignore WBCs due to the proportion between
RBCs and WBCs is 750:1.However, under certain special conditions, such as
leukemia with morbid blood will result in abnormal RBC counting.

1.5.2 Test Principles of RBC Indexes

HCT can be worked out by dividing the product of MCV and RBC by 10.
According to relative algorithm, analyzer can get MCH, MCHC though RBC,
MCV and HGB. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) can be figured out by
detecting RBC number and the difference of RBC size so as to reflect the
heterogeneity of RBC volume. RDW can reflect the degree of RBC size
difference and has clinical significance of anemia diagnosis.

1.6 Platelet Test Principle

Platelet (PLT) and RBC are being tested in the same sample cup. The
instrument will count platelet and RBC respectively according to different
threshold (Figure 1-6). Data of platelet are being saved in 64 channels in 2~30
fL interval.

Figure 1-6

6
 System Description

PDW can be worked out though histogram. MPV is the arithmetic mean volume
of platelets which are shown by the curve in histogram. MPV of normal people
has a nonlinear negative correlation with platelet number. PCT is got from
MPV and PLT.

1.7 HGB Colorimetric Method

TRIVITRON-Cellenium 21 Jr adopts photoelectric colorimetry to measure and

calculate HGB. Add Lyse into the diluted sample, RBC will be dissolved and
hemoglobin will be released. Then hemoglobin combines with Lyse to form
cyanohemoglobin. Measure the transmission light intensity of this compound
in sample cup through the monochromatic light with a wavelength of 540nm
and then compare it with the result in blank state to get the hemoglobin
concentration (blank state refers to the state that only has Diluent in sample
cup). Analyzer can test automatically, then calculate and print out the result.

1.8 Parameters

TRIVITRON-Cellenium 21 Jr generates following 21 hematologic

measurements with EDTA-anticoagulated human blood:

Table 1-1 21 Parameters

Normal
Abbreviation Full Name Unit
range
WBC White Blood Cell Count 4.0-10.0 109cells/L
LYM% Lymphocyte Percent 20.0-40.0 %
MID% Monocyte Percent 1.0-15.0 %
GRAN% Granulocyte Percent 50.0-70.0 %
LYM# Lymphocyte Count 0.6-4.1 9
10 cells/L
MID# Monocyte Count 0.1-1.8 109cells/L
GRAN# Granulocyte Count 2.0-7.8 109cells/L
RBC Red Blood Cell Count 3.50-5.50 1012cells/L
Hemoglobin Concentration g/L（or
HGB 110-150
g/dL）
Hematocrit (Relative Volume of
HCT 36.0-48.0 %
Erythrocytes)
MCV Mean Corpuscular Volume 80.0-99.0 fL
MCH Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin 26.0-32.0 pg
MCHC Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin 320-360 g/L（or

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 System Description

Concentration g/dL）
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width
RDW_CV 11.5-14.5 %
Repeat Precision
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width
RDW_SD 39.0-46.0 fL
StDev
PLT Platelet Count 100-300 109cells/L
MPV Mean Platelet Volume 7.4-10.4 fL
PDW Platelet Distribution Width 10.0-14.0 fL
PCT Plateletcrit 0.10-0.28 %
P_LCR Large Platelet Ratio 13－43 %
P_LCC Large Platelet 13－129 9
10 cells/L

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 Chapter 2 Notice

2.1 External Factors

2.1.1 Voltage

To ensure normal working and stability of data test, analyzer should be

equipped with 220V power supply. If the voltage is unstable, high-precision
automated AC voltage-stabilized power source is needed. If intermittent
power-down often happens, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) needs to be
installed to ensure the good performance of power supply and circuit board.

2.1.2 Electromagnetic Interference

Because the signals collected by analyzer are very weak, external

interference may result in abnormal data on test results. It is recommended
that analyzer should be connected with grounding wire to make interference
signals into the earth from the grounding wire so as to avoid electromagnetic
impact. Analyzer should be kept from interference equipment, such as
monitors, copiers, centrifuges and x-ray equipment etc..

2.1.3 Temperature

Analyzer working temperature is 15℃ to 35 ℃. Low temperature will affect

reagents and cause test error. The most common thing is that the value of
WBC and HGB are too high, because the dissolving speed of Lyse is slow
with low temperature. The value of PLT is on the low side, since platelets
aggregate with low temperature.

2.2 Location Requirement

1. Analyzer and reagents should be on the same level to ensure that the
reagents could be quickly injected to the analyzer.
2. Waste container should be placed on the ground, and not on the same
level with the analyzer. (Avoid Waste contamination)
3. Connect reagents connectors correctly according to color. Blue is for
Diluent, red for Lyse and yellow for Detergent.

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 Notice

2.3 Notices for Startup

1. Check tubes connectors after the power supply and reagents are
connected well. If there are problems, solve them before startup.
2. Check whether there are abnormal smell, sound and picture. If there are
problems, power off and check.
3. Check whether the picture displayed and program initialization are normal.
If there is no abnormality, analyzer will enter Main Screen.

2.4 Blood Samples Collection and Test

Test modes are divided into Whole Blood Mode and Pre-diluent Mode.
1. Whole blood collection: Collect the venous blood by vacutainer.
Anticoagulant in vacutainer can anticoagulate blood.
2. Pre-diluent collection: Collect peripheral blood with micro blood collection
tube. Such as finger and ear etc..
3. Whole Blood Mode test: Place the anticoagulant tube with blood sample
under the sampling probe, then press “RUN” for counting.
4. Pre-diluent Mode test: Drain Diluent into the sample tube through probe
and then inject 20μL peripheral blood into it for mixing. Place the tube
under the probe and then press “RUN” for counting.

NOTICE: When collect peripheral blood, avoid squeezing out the tissue
fluid with excessive force to affect PLT counting. Likewise, overexertion
will make platelets aggregate and cause PLT counting error. Therefore,
relatively deep puncture is needed for peripheral blood collection. Wipe
out the first drop of blood, and then collect blood.

10
 Chapter 3 Circuit

Circuit system is composed of switch mode power supply (SMPS), ARM

board, FPGA board ， valve and motor drive board, analog amplifier board,
button board, AVDD board, thermal printer (recorder), LMS board. See Figure
3-1.

Valve and
motor drive
board,

LMS
Board
ARM FPGA AVDD
SMPS Board Board Board
Button (DC/DC)
Board

Thermal Analog
Printer Amplifier
Board

Sample cup,
Temperature Sensor

Figure 3-1

11
 Circuit

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Electrical System

FPGA
Board

ARM
Board

Analog
Amplifier
Board

AVDD
Board

SMPS

Figure 3-2 Left Side Door

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 Circuit

Valve Drive Part Motor Drive Limit Switch Connector

Part

Figure 3-3 Valve and Motor Drive Board

3.1.2 Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS)

Provide a stable DC power supply for analyzer, there is a triple power supply:
24V, 12V, 5V. Their functions are as follows:
24V Power Supply: Provides power for motor.
12V Power Supply: Provides power for valve drive, thermal printer and
AVDD board.
5V Power Supply: Provides power for ARM board, FPGA board and
thermal printer

3.1.3 ARM Board

ARM board is the control center of analyzer. Software is based on Linux,

which is responsible for data processing, print server and FPGA board control.
Buzzer
Battery

USB
Port

13
 Circuit

Figure 3-4 ARM Board

3.1.4 FPGA Board

FPGA board is used for software logic control and data collection, it provides
parameters for ARM board and executes orders. See the Figure bellow.

Port for Valve and Motor Drive Board "RUN" Key Port

Port for ARM Board Port for Analog Amplifier Board

Figure 3-5 FPGA Board

3.1.5 Analog Amplifier Board

Analog amplifier board is used for weak signal amplification and processing,
then adjusts it to be the right signal to the FPGA board for data conversion.
Meanwhile, it also amplifies the signals of parameters, such as pressure,
temperature and HGB signal etc..

Pressure
Sensor

14
HGB
Connector
Temperature
Sensor Connector Sample Cup Connector
 Circuit

Figure 3-6 Analog Amplifier Board

3.1.6 Valve and Motor Drive Board

Valve and motor drive board is the executive circuit unit for solenoid valves
and step motors.

Figure 3-7 Valve and Motor Drive Board

3.1.7 AVDD Board

AVDD board is the secondary power supply, which provides 12V power to
switch mode power supply for conversion and lower noise and stable power

15
 Circuit

supply for analog board. Output voltage is +12V、-12V and 100V. The quality
of AVDD board is very important to cell signals. If it is damaged, analyzer
cannot work normally.

Figure 3-8 AVDD Board

3.1.8 Button Board

Button Board is for the shortcut keys on front panel. If one of the shortcut keys
Buzzer
gets stuck, other shortcut keys cannot be used, and the “RUN” Key is out of
order.

Figure 3-9 Button Board

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 Circuit

3.1.9 Reorder

Recorder uses thermal paper for printing. Thermal surface of the thermal
paper should face up. If the direction is wrong, recorder cannot work.

Figure 3-10 Front of Recorder

Figure 3-11 Back of Recorder

3.2 Electrical System Fault

Phenomenon:
Screen goes black after startup, indicators do not work and analyzer has no
reaction.

17
 Circuit

Troubleshooting:
1. This may result from the circuit protection of SMPS due to the voltage or
current overshoot during startup. Turn off the analyzer and restart it after
30 seconds
2. SMPS does not work; check whether the fuse has burned off. If so,
replace it; if not, replace SMPS.

Phenomenon:
Screen goes black or white after startup. Analyzer has no action, but power
indicator works normally.
Troubleshooting: It is probably because the ARM board cannot work
normally. Restart the analyzer. If it still cannot work, replace ARM board since
it may be damaged.

Phenomenon: Valves and motors work abnormally.

Troubleshooting: Turn off the power to avoid worse damage. Replace FPGA
board due to the damage of FPGA chip.

Phenomenon: All test results are 0, but counting time is normal.

Troubleshooting: Open the sample shielding case, check whether the
sample in WBC sample cup is obviously blood-red when sampling, if not, it
indicates no sample. At this moment, check whether there are problems with
flow system, micro-sampler and MB motor.

Phenomenon:
Results of WBC, RBC and PLT are 0, but HGB value and counting time are
normal.
Troubleshooting: Constant current source is damaged or no output from
AVDD board 100V Power supply. Replace constant current source or AVDD
board.
Phenomenon: All parameters, counting vacuum and time are abnormal.
Troubleshooting: AVDD board ±12V power supply has no output. Open the
shielding case of AVDD board and check whether the ±12V power supply
indicator is normal, if not, replace AVDD board.

Phenomenon: Time cannot be saved.

Troubleshooting: Button battery on the ARM board has no power, please
replace it.

18
 Circuit

3.3 Parameters Detection Principle

Figure 3-12

19
 Chapter 4 Flow System

Figure 4-1 shows the whole framework of flow system behind right side door.

Sampling TAKASAGO 3- TAKASAGO Dilutor

Mechanism way Valve 2-way Valve

Vacuum
Sample Cup Vacuum Pump LMS Board
Chamber
Figure 4-1

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 Flow System

4.1 Dilutor

Dilutor is used for counting, rinse, prime and blood dilution at startup. It also
provides Diluent and power for cleaning flow system. Circuit board provides
DC24V to motor.
Dilutor consists of small syringe, Lyse syringe, Diluent syringe, motor, seal
ring etc..Syringes can be dismantled separately and they allows operator to
exchange the whole syringe or seal ring conveniently.
Installation of dilutor motor differs from that of other motors. Motor is above
the syringe to avoid being corroded or damaged by syringe leakage.

Small Syringe Lyse Syringe Diluent Syringe

Figure 4-2 Dilutor

21
 Flow System

4.2 Sample Cup

Sample cup is the sensor part of counting. It is the forefront detecting unit of
data collection.
Functionally, it consists of inner and outer electrode, front and back chamber,
ruby aperture etc..
Analyzer adopts Coulter Principle (Electrical Impedance Method) for WBC,
RBC and PLT counting. When testing, circuit will provide constant current for
sample cup through dilute conductive liquid. Loop resistance will change if
cells pass through ruby aperture. Cells in different size will produce different
electric pulse amplitudes, so that cells quantity and volume could be
calculated.
As for HGB counting, TRIVITRON Cellenium 21 Jr could analyze cells by
making colorimetric analysis on blood sample with Lyse through lighting and
receiving part of sample cup.

Add Diluent Add Lyse

Sample Cup

Run Key

Isolation Cup

Figure 4-3 Sample Cup

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 Flow System

4.3 Vacuum Pump

Vacuum pump is the power unit for creating negative pressure. Its working
voltage is DC12V. Fluid section connector has one air outlet and one air inlet.
When working, vacuum pump is driving the suction film by internal rotary
motor to make air in from inlet and out from outlet. (the influent liquid in the
course of counting will also be exhausted by vacuum pump) .
The other function of vacuum pump is to provide sample cup with positive
pressure for bubble mixing. When the motor of vacuum pump reverses,
vacuum pump will provide positive pressure for vacuum chamber as the
power for mixing. It is different from other mixing modes—power is provided
by force pump only.

Figure 4-4 Vacuum Pump

4.4 Sampling Mechanism

Sampling mechanism controls the probe for sampling, dilution and rinse etc..

23
 Flow System

Probe Cleaning Cover Timing Belt Leader

Figure 4-5

4.5 Solenoid Valve

Valve is important component of flow system. Various valves are connected

with tubes to form the whole flow system and controlling the liquid flow
direction. Its working voltage is DC12V and provided by SMPS.

TAKASAGO 3-way Valve (3 Connectors) TAKASAGO 2-way Valve (2 Connectors)

Figure 4-6

24
 Flow System

4.6 Vacuum Chamber

Vacuum chamber is a column container made of plastic encapsulated by

epoxy resin. It provides negative pressure for flow system under the force of
vacuum pump.
There are two connectors on the upper of vacuum chamber: one is connected
to pressure sensor of control board which detects negative pressure of
vacuum chamber (specified value is 20Kpa—23Kpa). If the negative pressure
is not within this range, control board will provide drive voltage for vacuum
pump to start working until the pressure reaches the specified value; the other
one is connected to related fluid sections for WBC,RBC counting and rinse.
There is an outlet at the end of vacuum chamber. It is for exhausting air and
liquid in vacuum chamber into Waste container.

Figure 4-7 Vacuum Chamber

4.7 LMS Board

Diluent
Detection
Counting time measurement unit is composed of 1 LMS board and 2 glass
Optocoupler
Top It includes 4 optocouplers and 4 potentiometers. 4 optocouplers
tubes. are
Optocoupler
respectively corresponding to TEST1 to TEST4. Voltage of glass tube with
liquid is 4.8±0.2V, and for the one without liquid is 2.9±0.1V. Deviation of
optocoupler parameter points and contamination of glass tube inwall etc. will
lead to voltage deviation of TEST1—TEST4.
LMS board is able to calculate aspirating liquid volume through detection
Counting
Channel
optocoupler and metering tube thus to ensure the measurement Potentiometer
accuracy of
WBC, RBC and PLT. LMS board uses single channel for test. The channel is
compose of 1 metering tube and 2 optocouplers. Before counting, V15 open
to let air go into metering tube in LMS board for emptying liquid. After
counting, V15 close, liquid passes metering tube through ruby aperture.
Meanwhile the liquid column in metering tube starts falling. When it passes
Bottomthe top optocoupler, comparator outputs start counting signal; when it
though
Optocoupler
passes though the bottom optocoupler, comparator outputs stop counting
signal. Lyse
Detection
Optocoupler

25
 Flow System

Figure 4-8 LMS Board

4.8 Function of Flow System Valves

NO Function Remark（Valve Control Content）

V1 Add Diluent Add Diluent into sample cup
V2 Clean Clean the outwall of probe
V3 Sampling Control Diluent addition
V4 Sampling Control Lyse addition
V5 Empty air Empty the air of glass tube on LMS board
V6 Counting When counting, this valve will open
V7 Drain waste Drain waste in vacuum chamber
V8 Back flush Control positive pressure for sample cup back flush
V9 Sampling Control Lyse addition
V10 Drain waste Drain waste in sample cup

26
 Flow System

4.9 Flow System Fault

Phenomenon: abnormal sound of sampling mechanism

Troubleshooting：
1. Lubrication of motor leader is poor. Apply grease to the leader. DO NOT
use liquid lubricating oil.
2. Limit switch fault causes motor cannot stop working normally and comes
out abnormal sound. Check whether the switch is well connected and
whether the circuit is on by AVO meter.
3. Connection between motor and CPU board is poor.
4. Motor is corroded by liquid and its internal units get stuck. Disconnect the
motor and clean its internal crystals.

Phenomenon: Sample cup overflow.

Troubleshooting:
1. Vacuum pump does not work, or the valve under the sample cup is
unopened or opened incompletely. Please replace vacuum pump or valve.
2. There are foreign bodies at the bottom of sample cup or the valve under
the sample cup. Please clean up foreign bodies.
3. If valves do not work, change corresponding valves connectors with those
of other valves, and then test them again. If there is no problem with
valve, there may be something wrong with the drive part of the circuit
board.

Phenomenon: WBC/RBC bubbles

Troubleshooting:
1. Low vacuum or tube leakage, adjust vacuum and check flow system.
2. No reagent. Please replace reagent.
3. The set time of calibration is very different from the actual time. Correct it.
4. Optocoupler voltage of LMS board is too low, which cause false alarm.
Empty LMS board and adjust 4 optocouplers voltage to 2.9V.

Phenomenon: WBC/RBC clogs.

Troubleshooting:
1. Rinse and prime sample cup with probe Detergent or remove the ruby for
cleaning, and check whether the voltage of the LMS board is normal.
2. If the liquid column of LMS board does not go down, it indicates the ruby
aperture has serious clog. At this moment, the test time may be 0.0
second. Please prime the ruby aperture with probe Detergent.
3. If the test time is long, it indicates the ruby aperture has slight clog. Please
cauterize, rinse and prime it with probe Detergent.

Phenomenon: Sampling probe leakage

Troubleshooting:

27
 Flow System

1. Replace cleaning cover;

2. The connector connected with sampling probe has air leakage;
3. Small syringe air leakage.

Phenomenon: High PLT background value

Troubleshooting:
1. Sample cup is dirty. Clean sample cup or prime it with probe Detergent for
5 to 10 minutes, and then clean it again.
2. Reagent is contaminated. Please replace reagent;
3. Keep analyzer away from the instruments which are with strong magnetic
field and vibration. Analyzer also needs to be connected with grounding
wire.
4. Reagent crystallization result from cold weather. Analyzer consider the
pulse of crystalline particles as the pulse of the PLT. Reagents should be
heated up.

Phenomenon: High PLT value

Troubleshooting:
1. There is blood left on sampling probe inwall or sample cup is dirty. Please
replace sampling probe or run "Rinse Fluidics" program.
2. Keep analyzer away from the instruments which are with strong
interference. Analyzer also needs to be connected with grounding wire.
3. Adjust results through QC calibration, if there is deviation.

Faults in Other Ways

Phenomenon: RBC/PLT is too low in Pre-diluent Mode.
Troubleshooting:
1. Small motor of dilutor cannot work normally. Check whether the motor is
corroded. Please replace it if it is.
2. Check whether the small syringe has leakage or air leakage. Please
replace it if it is.
3. Small motor cannot work results from the problems of its circuit drive.

Phenomenon: All test results are too low in Whole Blood Mode.
Troubleshooting:
1. Sample in small syringe is not enough or the small syringes has air
leakage. Please replace the syringe.
2. Tube connector between sampling probe and small syringe has air
leakage. Please check tubes.
3. Motor of small syringe cannot run normally.

Phenomenon: WBC/HGB is too high, "***" appears.

28
 Flow System

Troubleshooting:
1. Lyse is not enough, please check.
2. Lyse cannot dissolve blood cells well due to the low temperature. Please
operate within receptacle temperature range.
3. Lyse is not enough due to tube air leakage. Please check Lyse tube.
4. Rolling pump cannot work and mix sample, or the intensity of rolling pump
is weak. Please replace rolling pump.

Phenomenon: LMS liquid column drops

Troubleshooting:
1. Valve on the LMS board for emptying air is not closed well. Nip the tube
between the valve and LMS board to check whether the liquid column still
dropping. If does, it indicates the valve is not closed well; if not, there is no
problem with the valve.
2. Check whether the three-way connector has air leakage.

Phenomenon: HGB is too low.

Troubleshooting:
1. Check whether HGB background voltage changes frequently.
2. Check whether sample cup indicator is dark or off. If so, please replace
indicator or sample cup.

Phenomenon: probe does not sample in Pre-diluent Mode

Troubleshooting：
1. Diluent syringe does not work. Friction of leader is too large, please apply
grease to it.
2. Loose tube leads to air leakage or tube is disconnected from connector.
3. Seal ring of Diluent syringe is leaky, please change another one.

Phenomenon: probe does not drain

Troubleshooting：
1. Diluent syringe does not work. Friction of leader is too large, please apply
grease to it.
2. Loose tube leads to air leakage or tube is disconnected from connector.
3. Seal ring of Diluent syringe is leaky, please change another one.

29
 Chapter 5 Test

5.1 System Calibration

Click ”Func”— “Sev”, input code ”1999” and click “OK” to enter System
Calibration screen, See Figure 5-1.
Figure 5-1 System Calibration

Operator can test motors, set motor steps and WBC, RBC test time etc. in
System Calibration screen. Only the Items in Table 5-1 are those need to be
calibrated. Please refer to Table 5-1 for details.

30
 Test

Table 5- 1
Reference Value Remark
Item Function Volume
Step
(mL)
Lyse consumption in Whole Blood
MA1 (900±100) 0.6 mL±0.05 ml
Mode
Lyse consumption in Pre-diluent
MA2 (800±100) 0.5mL±0.05mL
Mode
MA3 Probe Detergent consumption (370±30) 0.8 mL±0.05mL
Diluent consumption for WBC test in
MA4 (1200±100) 2.7 mL±0.2mL
Whole Blood Mode
Diluent consumption for RBC test in
MA5 (1000±100) 2.2 mL±0.2mL
Whole Blood Mode
Diluent consumption for WBC test in
MA6 (800±50) 1.7 mL±0.1mL
Pre-diluent Mode
Diluent consumption for RBC test in
MA7 (800±50) 1.7 mL±0.1mL
Pre-diluent Mode
The volume of
Sampling volume in Pre-diluent
MA8 (155±20) 0.35mL±0.02mL Diluent should
Mode
be enough for
2 test and the
MA9 Drain volume in Pre-diluent Mode (380±20) 0.8mL±0.02mL remain should
be 0.1mL
Liquid level
MA10 Sampling volume of blood sample should be
near 15μL
scale.
(1180)
(subject to
MA11 Sampling volume for second dilution current
technology
quantity)
Second Diluent consumption for
MA12 (470±30) 1.0 mL±0.05mL
WBC test in Pre-diluent Mode
Probe position of sample cup for Probe should aim at the
MC1
WBC test centre of sample cup
Probe should stretch into
sample cup and higher than
Probe sampling position of sample sample cup platform, do not
MD1
cup higher than 1mm. (subject
to current technology
quantity)

31
 Test

Reference Value Remark

Item Function Volume
Step
(mL)
The interval between
sampling arm and cleaning
Probe standby position (probe
MD2 cover is 3~5mm. Probe
position before sampling)
takes in cleaning cover for
1mm.
Probe should stretch into
sample cup and higher than
Probe injection position of sample
sample cup platform, do not
MD3 cup (probe position for adding blood
higher than 1mm. (subject
sample)
to current technology
quantity)
WBC_TIME 12.0s WBC test time
RBC_TIME 12.0s RBC test time

NOTICE: Set time of WBC, RBC should be in accord with real test time
and no large deviation.

5.2 Gain Adjustment

Input “1999” and click “Gain Adjust” on top left corner to enter the screen
shown as below.

32
 Test

Figure 5-2 Gain Adjustment

5.2.1 WBC, RBC Gain Adjustment

Test with control and check the gain of WBC and RBC. Adjustment is not
necessary if it is within the acceptable range. If not, input current gain value in
box, then input the gain value of control in
box, click to adjust the gain. Operation of RBC gain adjustment is
basically the same. When finished, click “OK” on lower left corner to save it.
Test with control again to check whether the gain has been corrected.

5.2.2 HGB Voltage Adjustment

HGB_BACK is about 4.00V. Adjust the voltage as following: correct the value
in box, and click “OK” on lower left corner. Meanwhile the voltage
shown in will change too. The larger the channel gain is, the lower
the voltage will be, and vice versa.
HGB_ZERO do not need to be adjusted. Generally it is 0.00 or 0.02.

5.2.3 PLT Gain Adjustment

Gain of PLT is corrected by inputting value in box. Click “OK” on

lower left corner for saving. The larger the channel gain is, the lower the PLT

33
 Test

gain will be, and vice versa.

NOTICE: PLT gain has been adjusted strictly before delivery. Generally it
does not need to be corrected.

5.2.4 Vacuum Adjustment

Input value in box and click . Vacuum pump will start

pumping. When finished, vacuum value will be shown in
box.
NOTICE: Vacuum has been tested strictly before delivery. Generally it
does not need to be adjusted.

5.3 System Check

Press “Func”—“sev.”, input the code “2006” to enter Motor Check screen.
Operator could test MA, MC,MD motors and P1. P1 is for vacuum test. Click
corresponding test item button to check its condition. This operation is only for
test, operator could not correct the motor steps here.

5.3.1 Motor Check

At Motor Check screen, operator can check if motors are in normal condition.
Click the item wanted to check, then the result will be shown. Click “Back” to
return to Main screen. See Figure 5-3.

34
 Test

Figure 5-3 Motor Check

5.3.2 Valve Check

Click “Valve Check” on top left corner of System Check screen to enter
corresponding screen as Figure 5-4 shows.

35
 Test

Figure 5-4 Valve Check

Analyzer has 10 valves. Click corresponding valve item to check whether it is
in normal condition. If so, operator could hear the action sound of
corresponding valve; if not, operator should exchange the connector of test
valve with that of other valves and test the faulted valve through other drive
circuit. If the valve still does not work, itself is damaged; If not, the problem
might be caused by drive circuit.
This method is also applicable to P1 test.

5.3.3 System Status Check

Click “System Status Check” on top left corner of System Check screen to
enter corresponding screen as Figure 5-5 shows.
System Status Check screen presents current status information like
temperature, voltage of constant current source, 5V voltage, HGB_ZERO,
HGB_BACK, voltage and vacuum etc.. Click , analyzer will start
working and display corresponding voltage.
Operator could not correct parameter value in this screen. Value displayed is
only the reference for troubleshooting.

36
 Test

Figure 5-5 System Status Check

5.4 Internal Calibration

Click “Func”—“Sev” and input the code “2008” to enter Internal Calibration
screen. Operation of internal calibration is similar to that of external.
Internal calibration is for TRIVITRON internal use. External calibration is
appropriate for users. Both are equally effective.

37
 Chapter 6 Software Upgrade and Online

6.1 ARM Board Software Upgrade

6.1.1 Preparations

1. An U disk
2. Application program

6.1.2 Upgrade Process

1. Copy the application program into the root directory of U disk. Other
irrelevant files in U disk do not affect upgrade.
2. Plug the U disk into the 4th USB port. See Figure 6-1.
3. Click “Func”—“Sev”, input “9999” in prompt dialog box and then click
“OK”. Analyzer will read the application program automatically for
upgrade.
4. Read-write process will last for about 5 seconds. A dialogue box will pop
up to prompt upgrade is successful. Click “OK” and restart the analyzer to
complete upgrade.
5. If analyzer prompts that U disk cannot be recognized, restart and repeat
step 2-4.
6. Unrecognized U disk also can result from damaged USB port or
unsupported U disk. Analyzer may not read some U disks, please replace
U disk.

Figure 6-1 USB Port

38
 Software Upgrade and Online

6.2 Online

Analyzer is able to transmit data to computer by connected with computer.

Install online program in computer allows operator to process, save and print
data.

6.2.1 Preparations before Online

1. A serial line for COM port.

Because of the COM ports of rear panel and computer are both male
(DB9), please use the serial line whose terminals are both female (DB9).
And the internal connection of the serial line should be as following picture
shows: (numbers indicate the position of ports)
2 2
3 3
5 5
The rest ports are not necessary to be connected. Serial line whose
terminals are both female and internal connection is just as above picture
shows could be obtained in market.
2. Online program

6.2.2 Online Procedures

1. Connect analyzer with computer through the COM port on rear panel of
analyzer and the computer COM port.
2. Install online program in computer. Generally the software password is
null or just the user name.
3. Set “Auto Trans” on. Hexadecimal and HL7 are available transmission
modes for operator. Ensure that the transmission mode is in accord with
the online software.
Computer is able to receive the data from analyzer after each test
automatically. But if “Auto Trans” is off, operator should click “Trans” manually
for data transmission.

39
 Chapter 7 Common Faults

Fault Cause
Power switch is ineffective 1. Power line connection fault;
2. Fuse blew out;
3. AC socket fault.

Fluid leakage 1. Pump tube is broken;

2. Filter clog;
3. Pipeline is loose;
4. Damaged solenoid valve leads to
sample cup overflow.
Low vacuum Vacuum doesn’t reach standard value
within set time. It may be caused by:
1. Damaged pressure sensor which
leads to pressure measurement
failure. The reason for this fault is
higher pressure, less counting time
and WBC, RBC bubbles;
2. Air leakage of pipeline.
No Lyse No Lyse or the optocoupler for Lyse
detection is broken.
No Diluent No Diluent or the optocoupler for
Diluent detection is broken.
No Detergent No Detergent or the optocoupler for
Detergent detection is broken.
Motor fault 1. Dilutor gets stuck or damaged, and
it leads to over-large motion
resistance;
2. Poor contact of motor signal wire;
3. Poor contact of connecting line
between valve to motor drive board
or FPGA board;
4. Communication between FPGA
board and ARM board is abnormal;
5. LImit switch or optocoupler is
damaged.

40
 Common Faults

Abnormal voltage 1. AVDD board is damaged;

2. FPGA board cannot collect
misinformation properly;
3. Analog board is damaged.
Abnormal background value 1. Diluent, Diluent tube or counting
chamber is polluted. Diluent is
expired;
2. Poor contact of sample cup
electrode;
3. Ruby aperture is polluted and
blocked by impTrivitronies;
4. Shielding case of sample cup is not
covered completely or it has poor
contact.
5. Analog board RBC signal channel
circuit is damaged.
HGB fault ： background voltage is HGB LED light source or relative circuit
0 is damaged.
HGB fault ： background voltage 1. Loss control of analog board digital
can gain;
not be adjusted 2. Analog board HGB circuit is
damaged;
3. Connecting line between FPGA
board and analog board is loose or
FPGA board is out of control.
HGB fault：high HGB_ZERO 1. If HGB_ZERO is nearly the same as
HGB_BACK，LED light of HGB will
keep lighting, out of control,
abnormal test.
2. High HGB_ZERO is caused by
damaged analog board HGB circuit.
Printer fault 1. Poor contact of communication line
between print board and ARM
board;
1. Print board is damaged.
Recorder fault 2. Poor contact of communication line
between print board and recorder;
3. Recorder is damaged.

Abnormal temperature 1. Abnormal temperature;

2. Temperature sensor fault.

41
Appendix: Flow System

Lyse Detergent
Syringe Syringe
Micro
Syringe

UP
Cleaning
Cover
DOWN

Probe
(Rotary Diaphragm Pump)
Vacuum Chamber

UP
Vacuum
Board
LMS

Sensor
Vacuum (Mainboard)
Chamber
DOWN

DILUENT
Inlet

LYSE
Inlet

DETERGENT
Inlet

WASTE
Outlet

Code Description:
Plastic Connector/N420/410 (self-molding)/614-173 Quantity: 4 Sa: Plastic Tube (AAX02004)/607-
028
Plastic Connector/N420/410 (Value Plastics)/1306100006 Quantity: 1 Sc: Plastic Tube
(AAX02002)/607-027
Filter Body/601-114, Filter Cover/601-115, Filter Screen/601-118 Tpu: TPU Tube
1.4×3.2/1630100014
Quantity: 1 for each Ga:
Silicon Tube 2.4×5.5/603-033
T-3-way Connector/603-029 Quantity: 3 Pu:
PU Tube 2.5×4/614-154
N810 Blue Connector (processed)/614-165 Quantity: 2 Gd: Silicon Tube
6×10/603-053
42
Connector MTLP-1/603-021 Quantity: 1 Tc:
PTEF Tube 1.8×1.1/603-055