Department of Education

Region VI-Western Visayas

Schools Division of Iloilo
ALIMODIAN NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
Alimodian,Iloilo
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT

SURVEY OF WEEDS IN SOME SELECTED RICE FIELDS IN ALIMODIAN, ILOILO

A Community-based Science Investigation

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of
Grade 9 Special Science Class

Researchers:
Alingasa,Ma.Chris Eve
Alonday, Graselah Praise
Cabatbat,Bryan
Mambaret, Alzedrick

Adviser:
Mrs. Ariette De Asis

Dr.Resurrecion A. Sadaba Ph. D.

Consultant

2019
 Introduction

Background of the study

Weeds is a notorious pest for rice causing serious yield in rice production

worldwide (Rodenburg & Johnson 2003). Weeds is generally considered as an

unprofitable,noxious growth of herbs or shrubs growing wild in any commercially

valved vegetation such as crops. They act as host for pathogens on their vectors. Whether

a plant is considered weed depends not only on its relative position with reference to

crop plants. But for practical purpose weeds are undesirable and injurious,anxiety and

troublesome plants interfere with cultivated crops and affect human affair(Gonzales A

2016).

Some weeds are useful as animal fodder. Indeed, weeds as a class, have much in

common with.The annual gobal economic loss caused by weeds has been estimated at

more than $100 billion U.S. dollars. Weeds can be group based on the state of

noxiousness and taxonomy or scientific classification. Life cycle or life history of weed

in the tropic was classified into two groups, annuals and perennial life cycle

(Azmi,Muzik,Akobundu,Anderson 1988). Annual weed complete their life cycle only in

one season within 3-12 month or complete life cycle one or two growing season in one

year.

Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world’s population and it is grown

in more than one hundred countries. Among the leading rice growing countries in the

world Philippines ranks fourth with more than 4.50 million of hectars.The cultivation of

rice in varies according to seasonal changes and the availability of water supply. It is
grown extensively throughout the country in overlapping seasons. Rice Fileds are

extremely important ecosystems because they provide food for 40 % of the human

population and extend over a large area.In Alimodian Ricefields were seen everywhere

because Alimodiananon are known farmers. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has the largest

cultivated acreage after wheat and ranks third regarding total production after wheat and

maize in the world. Despite of its low protein content this crop is rich of essential amino

acids. For that reason, it is most widely used in human nutrition following wheat.

Weeds can harm rice crops. This crops are grown almost anywhere in Alimodian

as staple food and source of income. Worldwide, it is estimated that weeds caused 9% of

rice crop losses (Rodenburg and Johnson 2003) with decrease in rice fields of 94%-96%.

Weeds can harm rice crops, weeds has become one of the major problems that reduce the

rice production due to the changes of cultivation practice and rice management include

land preparation, soil moisture content and water management (De Datta, 1981)
 Statement of the Problem

There are many factors that affect the production of rice such as typhoon,drought

and especially the production of weeds.The presence of different types of weeds in the

ricefields affects production of rice harvest. It is important to know the weeds present in

rice fields to study their life cycle and to be aware of their effects to the rice plant.

Objectives of the Study

It aims to determine the weeds that are commonly present in rice fields of

Alimodian, Iloilo.

Specifically it aims to;

1. Determine the population of weeds and its characteristics present in rice fields.

2. Find out the presence of different species of weeds,scientific name and life cycles

3. Find out how does the presence of the weeds affects the rice plant and its production.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to help the farmers in the preparation of their rice fields

especially on the variety of rice to be planted which can stand the presence of certain

weeds.The personnel of the Department of Agriculture can also benefit from the result

because they will be guided on what variety of rice should be distributed to the farmers

and the appropriate fertilizer and herbicide to be given to them.Likewise the

teachers,especially those teaching agriculture subjects can benefit from the result for they

will be enlightened in their discussions.The learners who are also helpers in the farm will

also be guided by the result in the way they propagate rice in their rice fields.
 Scope and Limitations

This study will be conducted in selected ricefields in Alimodian Iloilo, specifically

in Bgy.Taban-Manguining, Bgy.Coline Dalag, Bgy.Sulong and Bgy.Sinamay. The

researchers will only study the presence of weeds in the said ricefields.

Review of Related Literature

Weed plays an important role in the environment and the existence of weed should be

managed wisely to optimize the production of crop and to maintain the environment so

that there would be no increasing of production cost in crop (Robert 2013). Weed

distribution can be interpreted as an expression of the influence of ecological elements

and human effects. Weed in rice fields has been influenced by the several factors such

type of culture practice, land preparation, crop established method, irrigation, type and

rate of fertilizer used and herbicides that has been used by farmers (Azmi 2007).

According to the Data 198), cultivation practice (usage of fertilizer and type of

cultivar), land preparation (tillage, rotovation, land leveling), moisture regime (irrigated

or rain fall) and crop established technique (transplanting or direct seeding) were the

factors that increased the degree of infestation of weed in the rice fields.

Weed can be divided into several group based on the life cycle, habitat and

morphology.Weed can be group based on the state of noxiousness and taxonomy or

scientific classification. Life cycle or life history of weed in the tropic was classified into

two groups, annuals and perennial life cycle (Azmi, 1988). Annual weed complete their

life cycle only in one season within 12 months (Anderson, 1983) or 3-12 month (Muzik,
1970) or complete life cycle one or two growing season in one year (Akobundu, 1987).

The other characteristic for annuals weed were rich of seed to survive and germinate

(Akobundu, 1987). Several examples of weed species are Ageratum conyzoides,

Amaranthus spinosus and characteristic for this weed are there hard to control, produce

less seed compared to annuals weed and there depends on the vegetative structure to

survive in poor condition

Weed is distributed around the world and dispersed by several agent and different

time dispersal. The dissemination of seed in space was influenced by location of the

mother or parent plant and it involves the movement of seed from one location to the

other. Moreover, weed seed also can be spread out by natural and artificial dissemination.

The natural dissemination involve wind, water, animal, and forceful rupturing of capsule.

For artificial dissemination of seed are resulted by man action or disturbance and

agricultural activity.

The weeds can cause great damage to the rice plant which leads to low harvest and

low income. Together, they harm all parts of the plant at all growth stages. Common

weeds grow here in the Western Visayas are Bindweed or locally known as Perennial

morning glory,pigweed “Chenopodium album”,Buckhorn Plantain “Plantago lanceolata”

Finger-grasses “Digitaria”,Chickweed “Stellaria media” etc.Weeds compete with rice in

absorbing nutrients from the soil.Grains of tall grasses growing with rice make the

harvested rice full of impurities.

 Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important grains for human consumption

(Acosta et.al, 2017). It is a staple food for more than half of the world’s population and it

is grown in more than a hundred contries (Nasiruddin & Roy, 2012). Vast cultivation of

rice is commonly carried out worldwide as it is used as a basic diet by almost half of the

world population and it is the greatest cash crop. Rice cultivation has grown up to 158 ha

out of 90% production is being carried out in developing countries (Ane & Hussain,

2016).

Rice fields are considered as a temporary wetlands because of its characteristics

like rapid physical, chemical and biological changes that contains greater biodiversity,

especially arthropods compared to any other species (Acosta et.al, 2017). A wide area of

land inhabited by rice crops, typically damp and robust environment and a variety of

growth stages in a short period of time is been an attraction for some species to adopt as

their niches. It is occupied by the diversity of kinds of arthropods that inhabit the soil,

water and the land of rice ecosystems (Ane & Hussain, 2016)
 References

Acosta et al,(2017). Weed diversity in organic rice fields under two management systems
of vegetation. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 77(4), 731-744. Retrieved from
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.19615.

Ane, N.U. & Hussain, M. (2016). Diversity of weeds in major rice growing areas of the
world. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 4(1), 36-41.
Azmi,Muzik,Akobundu,&Anderson(1988)Annual weed complete their life cycle only in
  one season.Journal of the Science Foundation of Sri Lanka 17(2):187-211.
Retrievd form DOI:10.4038/jnsfsr.v17i2.8220
De Datta (1981).The system of rice intensification as a methology for reducing water in
Irrigated rice production.International Journal for Food Security and Sustainable

Environment 18(2):7-8.Retrieved from www.tropentag.de/2004/abstract/full/399

Gonzales A.(2016).Weeds are troublesome plants interfere with cultivated crops and

affect human affair.The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 23(2):534-

542.Retrived form

Rodenburg & Johnson(2003) . Evaluation of variability of weeds in rice fields of

ghargada blocks of vaigarh district.International Journal of Scientific and

Research Publications, 7(3), 146-156. Retrieved from www.ujsrp.org.

Rodenburg & Johnson(2003) . Evaluation of variability of weeds in rice fields of

ghargada blocks of vaigarh district.International Journal of Scientific and Research

Publications, 7(3), 146-156. Retrieved from www.ujsrp.org.