Componants of computer

Computer defination

an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to
instructions given to it in a variable program.
 a person who makes calculations, especially with a calculating machine.

Asically computer can be classified into following two parts

1)hardware
2)software

Hardware

Computer hardware is the collection of all the parts you can physically touch.

Hardware also can be clasified into major in six parts;

1) central processing unit

2) input
3) output
4) storage devices
5) ports
6) multimedia

1)central processing unit

the part of a computer in which operations are controlled and executed.

CPU is the abbreviation for central processing unit. Sometimes referred to simply as
the central processor, but more commonly called processor, the CPU is the brains of
the computer where most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is
the most important element of a computer system.

The three typical components of a CPU include the following:

 The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.

 The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memoryand decodes and executes them,
calling on the ALU when necessary.

 The Memory unit which includes ;

1)RAM(random access memory:- RAM (pronounced ramm) is
an acronym for random access memory, a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly;
that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes. RAM is found in
servers, PCs, tablets, smartphones and other devices, such as printers

2)ROM(read only memory):- computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has
been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read.

2)INPUT
Whatever goes into the computer. Input can take a variety of forms, from commands you
enter from the keyboard to data from another computer or device. A device that feeds data
into a computer, such as a keyboard or mouse, is called an input device.

Keyboard Touch screen/touchpad

Mouse Webcame

Scanner OMR

Bar code scanner OCR

Light pen Stylus

Joystick

2)output
Anything that comes out of a computer. Output can be meaningful information or gibberish,
and it can appear in a variety of forms -- as binary numbers, as characters, as pictures, and
as printed pages.

Following are called output devices

1.monitor 2.pritor 3.speaker 4.real player 5.plotter 6.headphone

4)storage Devices
A device capable of storing data. The term usually refers to mass
storage devices, such as disk, tape drives etc.
Following are called storage devices;

1)Harddisk
2) Floppy Devices

3)Tapes

4)CDs

5)DVDs

6)Pendrives

5)Ports

A port is a physical docking point using which an external device can be

connected to the computer. It can also be programmatic docking point
through which information flows from a program to the computer or over the
Internet.
Characteristics of Ports
A port has the following characteristics −
 External devices are connected to a computer using cables and ports.
 Ports are slots on the motherboard into which a cable of external device
is plugged in.
 Examples of external devices attached via ports are the mouse,
keyboard, monitor, microphone, speakers, etc.

Following are the few important types of ports −

Serial Port
Parallel Port
PS/2 Port
Universal Serial Bus (or USB) Port
VGA Port
Power Connector
Firewire Port
Modem Port.
Ethernet Port
Game Port
Digital Video Interface, DVI port
Sockets

6)multimedia
Multimedia is content that uses a combination of different content forms such as text,
audio, images, animations, video and interactive content. Multimedia contrasts
with media that use only rudimentary computer displays such as text-only or traditional
forms of printed or hand-produced material.

Software

Computer software, or simply software, is a collection of data or computer instructions

that tell the computer how to work. This is in contrast to physical hardware, from which
the system is built and actually performs the work.
Software also can be classified into following three typres;

1)system software
System software is software designed to provide a platform for other software.Examples
of system software include operating systemslike macOS, Ubuntu and Microsoft
Windows, computational science software, game engines, industrial automation,
and software as a service application.

2)programming software
Software means computer instructions or data. Anything that can be stored electronically is
software, in contrast to storage devices and display devices which are called hardware.
3)application software
An application is any program, or group of programs, that is designed for the end user.
Applications software (also called end-user programs) include such things
as database programs, word processors, Web browsers and spreadsheets.