INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

AT
GOA SHIPYARD LIMITED
Vasco-Da-Gama, Goa

DON BOSCO COLLEGE 0F ENGINEERING

FATORDA - GOA

-FRANSON R COELHO

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 DECLARATION

I the undersigned student of 4TH year of in Mechanical Engineering at Don

Bosco College of engineering, Goa declare that this report has been prepared
by me during my internship training from 1st July 2019 to 12th July 2019 at Goa
Shipyard Limited, Vasco-Da-Gama, Goa.

I also declare that this report has not been submitted at any time to any other
university or Institute for award of certificate or diploma/degree.

Place : Vasco-Da-Gama, Goa

Date :

__________________

(FRANSON R COELHO)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I consider it as privilege to thank all those people who helped me a lot for successful
completion of my industrial training.
First of all I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to all the Chief Managers
and Engineers who has given me a lot of support and guidance during my industrial
training. I would like to show the immense pleasure in thanking the Training
department who guide me in every sequence of my training period.
I also thank all other engineers, staffs and workers of Goa Shipyard Limited for their
kind cooperation and wholehearted support during my training.
A special thanks to Mrs. VRUSHALI SHET (HRD), Mr. RAJANDRA S. KERKAR Dy.
Superintendent (HR), Mr. P RAVINDRAN (AGM) for providing constant advices,
encouragement, support and valuable suggestions during the development of the
internship.
I would like to express my immense gratitude to my training guide Mr.Danish Akthar ,
mr. Manoj Mishra and Mr. Nelson leitao
Last but not the least I would like to thank Goa Shipyard Limited for giving me the
opportunity to gain knowledge. Also I would like to thank all the GSL staffs for
extending their valuable guidance about ship building and support for literature,
critical reviews of the report.

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 INTRODUCTION

HISTORY:-

Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) established in 1957, is a leading ISO 9001-2008

certified shipyard on the West Coast of India, functioning under the
administrative control of Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India.

GSL is strategically located on the banks of river Zuari in Goa; a major

international tourist destination well connected by its international airport and
major port enrooted all important shipping lines.

Beginning as a small barge building yard, GSL has garnered reputation as one of
the most sophisticated ship builders in the Country. For over four decades, GSL
has designed, built and commissioned a wide range of sophisticated vessels for
varied applications in the defence and commercial sectors with special expertise
in building modern patrol vessels of Steel and Aluminium hull structure.

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GSL’S inherent strengths are
● An ISO 9001 Certified Company.
● World class CAD/CAM facility for basic design, simulation and
advanced outfitting.
● State –of-art manufacturing facilities which includes four
Slipways with a maximum weight of 3000 tonnes and 180m
long Outfitting Jetty.
● Unique distinction of implementing ERP for all functions.

● Steel Preparation Shop for priming and cutting of steel,

aluminium & non ferrous plates.
● A work force of over 1600 skilled personnel and over 200
qualified engineers and naval architects.

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 INTRODUCTION TO SHIP

Fig. Main Parts of a Ship.

FORE- The forward part of the ship.
AFT- towards the back part of the ship.
PORT- Left side of the ship.
STARBOARD (STBD) - Right side of the ship.
FUNNEL- A tube that lets out smoke and steam from the engine of a boat or old-
fashioned train.
STERN- The back part of a ship. The front of a ship is called the bow.
PROPELLER – Equipment with the blades that spin, used for moving a ship.
SUPERSTRUCTURE- The part of a ship that is above the main deck.
RUDDER- A primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine,
hovercraft etc.

Also the ship is divided in many sections:

● Hold plan
● Platform deck
● Main deck water deck
● 01 deck
● 02 deck
● 03 deck
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On docks ship gets supply from the external source that can be from substations.
Three phase three wire system is used in ships.

Minimum 4 Diesel Generator sets are installed in the ship and one emergency
hybrid turbo generator is used as emergency during total failure of 4 Diesel
Generators.
Later they explained us about underwater system and underwater equipment’s
used in ships. We visited shipyard and saw underwater equipment’s of offshore
patrol vessel (ship yard 1234).

Main deck is considered as refere line .Below main decks is platform deck and
above main deck are 01 deck, 02 decks, 03 deck and 04 deck.

Platform deck is the lowest deck amongst all deck. It included the important
machinery like the engine room which consist engine diesel generator. Other
rooms included are pollution control room, cool room, cold room, gyro room,
store rooms and accommodation officer room.

Main deck consists of mainly accommodation spaces, galley areas, electric

workshop, store, canteen, and library.

It also consist space for holding to fast intercepting boat.

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01 Deck It is the deck which is visible from outside of the ship and consists of
landing platform, hanger, ward room, hold 2 high speed rib boat and hold the
anchor chain.

02 Deck It consists of main gun mounted in front of ship accommodation spaces

for officers, room, briefing rooms, flight control room.

03 Deck It consists of wheel house (bridge), 1st officer cabin, and 2 machines.

04 Deck It is upper most deck of the ship, which holds the most of ship. Also
important communication units and antenna like sitcom and setnev, radars are
placed also units like VLC are installed.

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OUTFITTING ENGINEERING DEPRTMENT
There are mainly 2 types of systems
1) PROPULSION
2) AUXILLARY SYSTEM which include many more systems like
1) Steering gear system
2) AC REF + Ventillation
3) Firemen and sprinkling system
4) Bilge and ballast system
5) Bilge system
6) Machinery fire fighting system
7) Emergency equipments
8) Compressed air starting system
9) CA ship service
10) Domestic FW system
11) Electric and air whistle
12) IMCS
13) FW generating system
14) AVCAT filling and transfer system

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 STERN GEAR
Using propulsion forces, ships are able to manoeuvre themselves in the water.
Initially while there was limited number of ship propulsion systems, in the present
era there are several innovative ones with which a vessel can be fitted with.
Today ship propulsion is not just about successful movement of the ship in the
water. It also includes using the best mode of propulsion to ensure a better safety
standard for the marine ecosystem along with cost efficiency.

Diesel Propulsion

Diesel propulsion system is the most commonly used marine propulsion system
converting mechanical energy from thermal forces. Diesel propulsion systems are
mainly used in almost all types of vessels.

Assembly of stern gear

1 Main engine

Diesel engine, 4 stroke vee engine, turbo charged, 20 cylinders, 9100 KW

2 Bearings

Hydrodynamic bearing

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A hydrodynamic bearing is typically a low-clearance assembly that relies on
a film of oil (and occasionally water) that develops space while the spindle
is rotating.

Plummer bearing

3 Stern tube

A stern tube provides support to the shaft. Two bearings are mounted the both
ends of this tube.

4 Shaft

A marine shaft is divided into two parts; propeller shaft, Stern tube shaft and
intermediate shaft.

5 Coupling

Sleeve coupling,; it is the simplest type of rigid coupling, made of cast iron.
It consists of a hollow cylinder whose inner diameter is the same as that of the
shaft

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Flange coupling; In a marine type flange coupling, the flanges are forged integral
with the shafts. The flanges are held together by means of tapered headless bolts
numbering from four to twelve depending upon the diameter of shaft.

Flexible coupling
6 Gearbox

Low speed diesels operate at speeds within the optimum range for propeller
usage. Thus it is acceptable to directly transmit power from the engine to the
propeller. For medium and high speed diesels, the rotational speed of the
crankshaft within the engine must be reduced in order to reach the optimum
speed for use by a propeller.
Reduction drives operate by making the engine turn a high speed pinion against
a gear, turning the high rotational speed from the engine to lower rotational
speed for the propeller. The amount of reduction is based on the number of teeth
on each gear. For example, a pinion with 25 teeth, turning a gear with 100 teeth,
must turn 4 times in order for the larger gear to turn once. This reduces the speed
by a factor of 4 while raising the torque 4 fold. This reduction factor changes
depending on the needs and operating speeds of the machinery. The reduction
gear aboard the Training Ship Golden Bear has a ratio of 3.6714:1. So when the
two Enterprise R5 V-16 diesel engines operate at their standard 514 rpm, the
propeller turns at 140 rpm.
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7 CPP

A variable-pitch propeller or controllable-pitch propeller (CPP) is a type

of propeller with blades that can be rotated around their long axis to change
the blade pitch. Reversible propellers—those where the pitch can be set to
negative values—can also create reverse thrust for braking or going backwards
without the need to change the direction of shaft revolution.

8 Mechanical seal

A mechanical seal is a device that helps join systems or mechanisms together by

preventing leakage (e.g. in a plumbing system), containing pressure, or excluding
contamination. The effectiveness of a seal is dependent on adhesion in the case
of sealants and compression in the case of gaskets.

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9 propeller

A propeller is a type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion

into thrust. A pressure difference is produced between the forward and rear
surfaces of the airfoil-shaped blade, and a fluid is accelerated behind the blade.

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 Bilge and Ballast Systems
The bilge system is used to remove small quantities of fluid that have leaked or
condensed into a dry space. A bilge pump is a water pump used to
remove bilge water. Since fuel can be present in the bilge, electric bilge pumps
are designed to not cause sparks. Electric bilge pumps are often fitted with float
switches which turn on the pump when the bilge fills to a set l

Bilge valve

Ballast arrangement

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A ballast tank is a compartment within a boat, ship or other floating structure
that holds water, which is used as ballast to provide stability for a vessel. Using
water in a tank provides easier weight adjustment than the stone or
iron ballast used in older vessels.

A compartment within a boat, ship, submarine, or other floating structure that

holds water is called a ballast tank. Water should move in and out from
the ballast tank to balance the ship.

The function of the ballast system is to pump to and empty all spaces in the ship
in which ballast water can be supplied. The suction pipes for the ballast system
will be completely separated from the bilge system. The ballast system can also
be used for other purposes in emergencies, such as supplying water to the fire
main.

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The type of valves used in a ballast system would depend on where they were
placed, but most valves would be gate valves or butterfly valves. The type of valve
used on a bilge system would be screw down non-return valves.

The emergency bilge suction or bilge injection valve is used to prevent flooding of
the ship. It is a direct suction from the machinery space bilge which is connected
to the largest capacity pump or pumps. An emergency bilge pump is required for
passenger ships but may also be fitted as an extra on cargo ships. It must be a
completely independent unit capable of operating even if submerged.

Bilge and ballast systems are interconnected so that each can perform the other's
function in an emergency, ie a ballast pump could be used to pump out a flooded
engine room. They are connected by means of a crossover valve.

A centrifugal pump with a priming device is usually used, driven by an electric

motor housed in an air bell. The power supply is arranged from the emergency
generator. A typical system is shown in Figure. The various pumps and lines are
interconnected to some extent so that each pump can act as an alternative or
standby for another.

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Ballast arrangement GENERAL LAYOUT

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 VALVES
There are basically two types of valves used on ships
1) Bi directional valve : A valve in which fluid can flow in both directions .
2) Non return valve : a valve in which fluid can flow only in one direction
Ball Valve
Ball valve is a quarter turn operated valve. The closure member is a spherical plug
with a through hole. When the valve is in open state, the through hole is in-line
with the fluid flow and hence, the fluid passes through it. The valve is closed by
rotating the globe by 90 Deg. such that the hole now becomes perpendicular to
the flow and hence, stops the flow.

Gate Valve

Gate valve is a sliding type of valve. In gate valves, the closing member is a metal
gate. The gate slides down to close the valve. In fully open conditions, the flow
area is equal to the area of the pipe and hence, there is negligible pressure drop
across the valve.

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Butterfly Valve

Butterfly valves are most simple yet versatile valves. They are quarter turn
operated valves which are commonly used in multiple industries for varied
applications. Quarter turn operation ensures quick operating of the valve. In the
open condition there is minimum obstruction to the fluid flow through the valve
as the flow passes around the disc aerodynamically. This results in very less
pressure drop through the valve.

Globe Valve

Globe valve is a linear motion type of valves and is typically used in both on-off
and throttling applications. In globe valves, the flow of the fluid through valve
follows an S-path. Due to this, the flow direction changes twice which results in
higher pressure drops. Due to other advantages offered by them, they are widely
used in applications where pressure drop through the valve is not a controlling
factor.

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None return valve

A check valve, clack valve, non-return valve, reflux valve, retention valve or one-
way valve is a valve that normally allows fluid to flow through it in only one
direction. Check valves are two-port valves, meaning they have two openings in
the body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave.

EDUCTORS

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Eductors operate by using the pressure energy found within a high pressure
motive liquid to pump, entrain or compress a secondary low pressure fluid. How
an Eductor works is relatively straight forward and can be summarised as follows:

The high pressure motive fluid (P1) is passed through a specially shaped nozzle
(orifice) which increases the fluid velocity and decreases the fluid pressure. By
passing the motive fluid through a nozzle the static pressure energy within the
fluid is converted into kinetic energy which increases the fluid velocity and
decreases the static pressure.

This is process is known as the venturi effect.

As the high velocity stream exits the motive nozzle (orifice), at the point of
maximum velocity, the vena contracta, an area of low pressure is generated. This
low pressure area is equal to or less than the secondary low pressure fluid (P2),
the suction fluid, so allowing it to enter the eductor body.

As the two fluids collide energy is transferred and the suction fluid is entrained
into the motive fluid. The two fluid streams are passed through the parallel throat
section where further mixing and energy transference occurs.

This fluid mixture is then passed through the diffuser section which by gradually
increasing in diameter reduces the fluid velocity and so converts some of the
kinetic energy back into static pressure energy and pressure recovery occurs (P3).

Eductors are generally inefficient devices, recovering up to approximately a

maximum of 40% of the pressure drop between the motive and suction inlets, but
their simplicity, lack of moving parts and other advantages over alternate
technologies makes them the ideal solution for many applications.

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 PUMPS
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by
mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to
the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement,
and gravity pumps.
Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and
consume energy to perform mechanical work moving the fluid. Pumps operate via
many energy sources, including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind
power, come in many sizes, from microscopic for use in medical applications to
large industrial pumps.
Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping water
from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car
industry for water-cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping
oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers. In the medical industry, pumps
are used for biochemical processes in developing and manufacturing medicine,
and as artificial replacements for body parts, in particular the artificial
heart and penile prosthesis.
When a casing contains only one revolving impeller
Use of centrifugal pumps on ships (yard 1234)
1) Bilge pump (2)
2) Bilge and ballast pump(2)
3) Firemen pump (2)

Bilge pump: It is usually used to remove oil and water remained in the bilge part
of the ship

Bilge and ballast pump: This pump is used to fill the ballast tanks located in the
entire ship for balancing the ship.

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Firemen pump: this pump is used for fire fighting purpose

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 CONCLUSION

Industrial Training was an opportunity for us to understand the

practical knowledge in the industrial environment

The training has helped us to understand the various workshop

methods used in the ship construction

During the Training we could study the psychology of the workers and
their approach to practical problems.

Finally, we think that the knowledge acquired during this period will
help us a lot in the future.

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