What is ETOPS?

Extended twin operations. An operator is granted permission to operate a twin

engined aircraft type on flight in which the aircraft is more than 60 minutes away
from a suitable alternative aerodrome in the event that the aircraft suffers an
engine failure en route.

What are the various ETOPS categories?

Normal extended twin operations (ETOPS) categories, vary between 60 and 180
Minutes.

What is a suitable Airfield with regard to ETOPS diversion alternate

airports?
Aircraft performance is suitable for airfield. Adequate emergency facilities are
available at the aerodrome. Adequate aerodrome lighting facilities are available
for night flights. A basic instrument approach is available. The aerodrome is
open.

The segments on a Takeoff?

First Segment: The Climb from 35 feet point until the landing gears are fully
retracted. Conditions in this segment are:- landing gear extended- flaps in T/O
position- Speed = V2
- Climb gradient for 2
 engine A/C = Positive- Climb gradient
for 4 engine A/C = 0.5%
- Takeoff powerSecond Segment: Climb from gear
retraction point until a height of 400 feet is reached. conditions in this segment
are:- gears retracted- flaps in T/O position- speed = V2
- Climb gradient 2
 engine
a/c 2
.4%
, and 4 engine a/c 3.0%
- takeoff powerThird Segment: Its the horizontal
distance covered after the second segment until the flap retraction speed is
reached, to raise the flaps plus the distance required to accelerate the aircraft to
the flaps up climb speed. It consists of two parts:First part of 3rd segment:
Distance covered before flap retraction, accelerating to flap retraction speed. The
conditions are:- gears retracted- flaps in t/o position- speed increasing from v2

to flap retraction speed- Climb gradient 2
 engine a/c 1.2
%
, 4 engine a/c 1.7%
-
takeoff powerSecond part of 3rd segment: Distance covered after flap retraction,
accelerating to final t/o climb speed. the conditions are:- gears retracted- flaps
retracted- speed, accelerating from flaps retraction to final t/o climb speed-
Climb gradient 2
 engine a/c 1.2
%
, 4 engine a/c 1.7%
- maximum continuous
powerFourth Segment: the Climb from 400 feet till 1500 feet is reached, after the
end of third segment operating with max continuous power. The conditions are:-
gears retracted- flaps retracted- speed = final t/o climb speed- max continous
power- Climb gradient 2
 engine a/c 1.2
%
, 4 engine a/c 1.7%

Name the Holding Entries?
Direct , parallel and teardrop entries
ICAO Holding Speeds?
Up to 14000 ft: 2
30kts
14000 ft to 2
0000 ft: 2
40kts
2
0000 ft to 34000 ft: 2
65kts
Above 34000 ft: M0.83

What is Critical Mach Number (Mcrit)?

Is the aircraft's Mach speed at which the airflow over a wing becomes sonic-
critical Mach number.

In aerodynamics, the critical Mach number (Mcr) of an aircraft is the lowest

Mach number at which the airflow over some point of the aircraft reaches the
speed of sound.

What is Dutch Roll?

Dutch roll is a type of aircraft motion, consisting of an out-of-phase combination
of "tail-wagging" and rocking from side to side. This yaw-roll coupling is one of
the basic flight dynamic modes (others include phugoid, short period, and spiral
divergence) Click here for more Information

Definition of ISA?
International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)
At mean sea level (msl), the pressure = 1013.2
5 hPa and temperature = 15.0 deg
C
What is inter - tropical Convergence Zone?
Near the equator, from about 5° north and 5° south, the northeast trade winds
and southeast trade winds converge in a low pressure zone known as the
Intertropical Convergence Zone or ITCZ. Solar heating in the region forces air to
rise through convection which results in a plethora of precipitation. The ITCZ is a
key component of the global circulation system.

How does the ITCZ affect weather?

Variation in the location of the intertropical convergence zone drastically affects
rainfall in many equatorial nations, resulting in the wet and dry seasons of the
tropics rather than the cold and warm seasons of higher latitudes. Longer term
changes in the intertropical convergence zone can result in severe droughts or
flooding in nearby areas.

In some cases, the ITCZ may become narrow, especially when it moves away from
the equator; the ITCZ can then be interpreted as a front along the leading edge of
the equatorial air. There appears to be a 15-2
5 day cycle in thunderstorm activity
along the ITCZ, which is roughly half the wavelength of the Madden-Julian
Oscillation, or MJO.

Within the ITCZ the average winds are slight, unlike the zones north and south of
the equator where the trade winds feed. Early sailors named this belt of calm the
doldrums because of the inactivity and stagnation they found themselves in after
days of no wind. To find oneself becalmed in this region in a hot and muggy
climate could mean death in an era when wind was the only effective way to
propel ships across the ocean. Even today leisure and competitive sailors attempt
to cross the zone as quickly as possible as the erratic weather and wind patterns
may cause unexpected delays.
What is tropopause?
The tropopause is the atmospheric boundary between the troposphere and the
stratosphere

What makes a B747-400 freighter different than a B744-400 passenger

aircraft?
Pax windows, side cargo doors, the convertible nose and the shorter
supernumerary area.

If you climb out at 300 kts IAS to FL 300 what happens to TAS?
True Airspeed will increase.

What happens to your Mach Number if you climb at a constant equivalent

airspeed / EAS?
Mach Number Increase

If you climb out at Mach .84 to FL 350, what happens to Angle of Attack?
The angle of attack Increases
What is predictive windshear?
In the predictive wind shear detection mode, the weather radar processor of the
aircraft detects the presence of the microburst, a type of vertical wind shear
condition by detecting the Doppler frequency shift of the microwave pulses
caused by the microburst ahead of the aircraft and displays the area where it is
present in the Navigation Display Unit.

What happens to your flight director guidance when you encounter a wind
shear warning? What if your on an ILS and have already captured the
Localizer and Glide slope?
They are looking for the priority order of the EGPWS. A wind shear guidance
overrides everything including a stall on a B757 but not on a A32
0.

Are spoilers or reverse thrust more important on landing? Why?

Thrust reverse is used in order to augment the normal use of flaps and ground
spoilers. It would never be the other way around. Landing flaps (amongst other
things) are vital elements when calculating the airplane's ability to land on a
specific runway under certain conditions, while reverse thrust is used at the
pilot's discretion as he/she sees fit.

Why use winglets?

Reduction of drag (Reduction of wingtip vortices)

What does EGPWS stands for?

Enhanced Ground-Proximity Warning System

What are the inputs to EGPWS?

Radio Altitude, airspeed / Mach number, landing gear and flap position, and DH
setting.

EGPWS vs. GPWS?

EGPWS constitutes exactly the same warnings and modes as conventional GPWS.
In an aircraft capable of supplying the system with Present Position (IRS, GPS or
GPIRS derived) then it provides two additional modes TCF and TAD. Both these
are calculated by comparing PPOS to an internal terrain database and then giving
the appropriate warning which above conventional GPWS is augmented by a
visual warning, usually on the ND. (by implication an aircraft capable of
providing PPOS in the format required will have an EFIS system)TCF Terrain
Clearance Floor creates an increasing terrain clearance floor around the intended
runway complementing existing mode 4. Warning is “TERRAIN TERRAIN” +
visualTAD Terrain Awareness and Display operates full time and used Aircraft
position, altitude, and a Terrain data base to predict conflicts between the aircraft
flight path and the terrain. Graphic displays of the terrain are available for display
on the Navigation Display. Throughout all phases of flight Terrain clearance
envelopes are monitored and if there is a conflict then a warning is issued.
“TERRAIN TERRAIN” + Visual. EGPWS is based on the AIRBUS application.

Explain balance field length?

A balanced field length exist when TODA = EMDA (ASDA) or, in other words,
when the end of the clearway is the end of the stopway, and the aircraft achieves
the screen height over the end of the runway in all cases.

Can clearway be usedfor takeoffor stop portion of t/o calculations?

No

Why does Boeing 777 not have winglets?

Boeing 777 is the first aircraft to be completely designed by computer. Therefore,
the current wing design is the most efficient one in terms of fuel saving.

Where do hurricane and typhoons form? What direction do they track?

Hurricanes and typhoons only can form over large basins of warm water such as
an ocean or sea. This is due to the fact that they need a large amount of energy
which is supplied by the heat from the warm ocean waters evaporating into the
atmosphere. Hurricanes also occur at least several degrees away from the
equator. This is because the Coriolis force is too weak at the equator to generate
spin for the hurricane.Northwest Pacific Ocean Typhoon season: All year. This
is the most active basin in the world. Most typhoons form between July through
November. The tropical cyclones that form here can affect the Philippines,
southeast Asia including China and Taiwan, and Japan.North Atlantic
Ocean Hurricane season: June 1 - November 30. The most active period runs
from about mid August through the latter part of October. Locations that may be
affected are the Caribbean, Bermuda, Central America including eastern Mexico,
the eastern and Gulf coasts of the United States, and eastern Canada.

Can hurricane and typhoons for over land?

No

When is typhoon season in Hong Kong?

Typhoons may affect Hong Kong any time between May and October. However
typhoons are most likely between mid July and late September.

How would the aircraft performance change if you were over flying a
typhoon?
The temperature rises, sometimes quite markedly. This results in a reduction of
engine and aerodynamic performance and the possibility of ending up in coffin
corner. Remedy is to descend to a lower altitude before you cross the
typhoon/hurricane/cyclone

What causes wingtip vortices?

Wingtip vortices are tubes of circulating air which are left behind a wing as it
generates lift. High pressure under the wing seeks low pressure on the surface of
wing which will create wingtip vortices.

What is V1?
Decision Speed
What is VMCG?
The minimum control speed on the ground. If an engine fails during the takeoff
run, this is the minimum speed at which the direction can be maintained

What factors affect VMCG?

Weight, temperature, air density, runway condition (Wet/Dry), Engine power
settings, Crosswinds.

Relation between V1 and VMCG?

V1 can't be lower than VMCG

What do vortex generator do?

It energies the boundary layer, which will lead to delay flow separation and
aerodynamic stalling.

Explain Mach Tuck? The cause of Mach Tuck?

Mach tuck is an aerodynamic effect, whereby the nose of an aircraft tends to pitch
downwards as the airflow around the wing reaches supersonic speeds. The
aircraft will be subsonic, and traveling significantly below Mach1.0, when it first
experiences this effect.Mach tuck is the result of an aerodynamic stall due to an
over-speed condition, rather than the more common stalls resulting from
boundary layer separation due to insufficient airspeed, increased angle of attack,
excessive load factor, or a combination of those causes. As the aircraft's wing
approaches its critical Mach number, the aircraft is traveling below Mach 1.0.
However, the accelerated airflow over the upper surface of the cambered wing
exceeds Mach 1.0 and a shock wave is created at the point on the wing where the
accelerated airflow has gone supersonic. While the air ahead of the shock wave is
in laminar flow, a boundary layer separation is created aft of the shock wave, and
that section of the wing fails to produce lift.

On the B747 where does it happen first? (Mach Crit)

As any 744 pilot knows, M crit is achieved, at normal cruise speed, at a point on
the upper fuselage approx 2
 meters aft of the Captain's seat. This is exactly above
the flight crew rest area and is recognized as a constant tearing noise.

Why would you use a reduced thrust takeoff?

Jet engines are limited by the internal temperatures they can withstand. Jet
engines are limited by the internal pressures they can withstand.

How would you design a high - speed wing?

Thin, minimal - chamber, swept wings

You might by asked by the person interviewing you to tell him what type of
aircraft models there are on the table? (Most of airplane models of Cathay pacific
are B-747 and Airbus 330) And how can you tell the difference?
B-747 has 4 engines / Airbus 330 has 2
 engines.

What are supercritical wings?

A supercritical airfoil is a airfoil designed, primarily, to delay the onset of wave
drag in the transonic speed range. Supercritical airfoils are characterized by their
flattened upper surface, highly cambered (curved) aft section, and greater
leading edge radius compared with traditional airfoil shapes.

Advantages of aft Center of Gravity?

Fuel sufficient, less drag

Explain VMCA?
Is the minimum control speed in the air for a multi engine aircraft in the takeoff
and climb - out configuration, at and above which it is possible to maintain
directional control of the aircraft around the normal / vertical axis by use of the
rudder within defined limits after the failure of an off - center engine

Define the two major types of drag and explain?

• Induced drag
• Profile drag

Induced drag is created whenever a wing is producing lift, drag is created as a by

- product. The greater the angle of attack, the more drag is produced. At low
speeds a wing must fly at a higher angle of attack to generate enough lift to
support the airplane, and more high - pressure air from the lower surface comes
around the wingtips, forming more powerful vortices, which are the primary
cause of induced drag. At low speeds, induced drag is at its maximum, and it
diminishes as speed is increased.Profile drag is compromised of:1 - Form or
pressure drag2
 - Skin friction drag3 - Interference dragProfile drag increases
directly with speed because the faster an aircraft moves through the air, the more
air molecules its surfaces encounter, and it is these molecules that resist the
motion of the aircraft through the air.1 - Form or pressure drag is based on the
shape of the airplane, how well it is streamlined, and how much frontal area it
has.2
 - Skin friction drag is due to air molecules giving up some of their kinetic
energy as they contact the skin surfaces of the airplane. The degree of
smoothness or roughness of the skin surface affect this kind of parasite drag.3 -
Interference drag is created when the airflow around one part of the airplane
interacts with the airflow around an adjacent part. For example where the wing
joins the fuselage.Adding the induced drag to the profile drag gives total drag.
Minimum drag speed (VIMD) is the speed at which induced and profile drag
values are equal. It is also the speed that ha the lowest total drag penalty.
Where is Max Range on the drag curve?
Max range cruise speed is determined from the total drag curve and that it the
point where a line drawn from the origin of the graph is tangential to the curve.
Which engine in a B747 would be critical in a crosswind? (left crosswind)
Usually on a 4 engined jet aircraft the critical engine is the outboard engine on
the upwind side. This is because should it fail, asymmetric thust (yaw) towards
the dead engine will be assisted by the crosswind component's yawing effect on
the fin and aft fuselage area.

What engines does the B-747 at Cathay pacific has?

RB-2
11-52
4G

What engine does B777 has? (What engine does Airbus 340 has)
B777-2
00 has the RR Trent884, producing 84000lbs of thrustB777-300 has the
RR Trent892
, producing 92
000lbs of thrustA340-300 has the CFM56-5C4,
producing 34000lbs of thrustA340-600 has the RR Trent556, producing
56000lbs of thrust

Tell us about the RB-211 and RB-211-524?

RB2
11 is a family of high-bypass turbofan engines made by Rolls-Royce plc and
capable of generating 37,400 to 60,600 pounds-force (166 to 2
70 kilonewtons)
thrust. Originally developed for the Lockheed L-1011 (TriStar), it entered service
in 1972
 and was the only engine to power this aircraft type.By redesigning the
fan and the IP compressor, Hooker's team managed to increase the engine's
thrust to 50,000 lbf (2
2
0 kN). The new version was designated RB2
11-52
4, and
would be able to power new variants of the L-1011, as well as the Boeing 747

Questions might be asked on Countries in Asia (cities where Cathay pacific flies
to) Example: What state is Perth in?
Western Australia

Why do the tips stall first on swept wing?

This is because the outer wing section experiences a higher aerodynamic loading
due to the wing taper, which causes a greater angle of incidence to be
experienced to a degree where the airflow stalls at the wing tips. The boundary
layer span - wise airflow, also a result of sweep, further contributes to the airflow
stalling at the wing tips.

Why use carbon brakes?

Carbon brakes has higher braking efficiency and safety in a wide servicing range
andconsistent weight saving compared to steel brakes.

What kind of flaps on Boeing 747?

Triple-slotted trailing-edge flaps and leading edge Krueger (unslotted and
slotted) flaps

Which airplane do we use from JFK - HKG?

Boeing 747-400, (Boeing 777 - 300ER)???
Define service Ceiling?
Service ceiling is the maximum altitude where a 100 foot per minute climb can be
maintained

What would cause a hot start?

Erosion of the turbine blades from exposure to the heat of combustion decreases
the efficiency of the compressor/turbine combination to move air through the
engine. Lack of the proper level starting power, either electricity or compressed
air, will not spin the engine at the proper rate, again resulting in lower than
needed airflow through the engine. A malfunctioning or out of rig fuel control can
schedule the wrong amount of fuel relative to engine parameters. Also, the
engine may be operating normally but a damaged thermocouple installation
could be giving erroneous temperature indications. On an engine that has an EEC,
ECU or FADEC it may be a problem with the computer or one of the parameters
that it monitors.

What would cause a hung start?

In gas turbine engines, a condition of normal light off but with rpm remaining at
some low value rather than increasing to the normal idle rpm. This is often the
result of insufficient power to the engine from the starter. In the event of a hung
start, the engine should be shut down.

How far to start descent when at FL 330 and 1500 fpm?

Around 99 NM. If you multiply 33x3 you will get 99. The digit 3 x your altitude
usually works to calculate top of descent.

What are the procedures for penetrating a thunderstorm and landing in

wind-shear?
Establish power settings for turbulence penetration airspeed recommended in
your aircraft manual. Turn up cockpit lights to highest intensity to lessen
temporary blindness from lightning. If using automatic pilot, disengage altitude
hold mode and speed hold mode. The automatic altitude and speed controls will
increase maneuvers of the aircraft thus increasing structural stress.

What equipment does the 777 have to help detect Wind Shear?
Boeing 777 is equipped with a device known as the predictive wind shear
warning system. This system uses wind velocity data gathered by the weather
radar system to identify the existence of wind shear.

Can EGPWS work without GPS?

Yes

What prevents Dutch Roll?

Yaw dampers prevent dutch roll on swept wing aircraft.

How do we correct for Dutch Roll?

With rudder
Explain auto brakes?
An autobrake is a type of automatic wheel-based hydraulic brake system for
advanced airplanesprocedures, when the aircraft's longitudinal deceleration
system can be handled by the automated systems of the aircraft itself in order to
keep the . The autobrake is normally enabled during takeoff and landing
procedures, when the aircraft's longitudinal deceleration system can be handled
by the automated systems of the aircraft itself in order to keep the pilot free to
perform other tasksfree to perform other tasks.

What are the three types of aquaplaning (hydroplaning)?

1 - Dynamic (standing water on the runway)
2
 - Viscous - This occurs when the surface is damp and provides a very thin film
of fluid that cannot be penetrated by the tire.
3 - Reveted rubber. This refers to tires becoming tacky.

How do you calculate the aquaplaning / hydroplaning speed?

The approximate minimum true ground speed in knots at which aquaplaning ca
be initiated, is calculated using the following formula
9 X square root of the tire pressure in pounds per square inch for takeoff7.6 X
square root of the tire pressure in pounds per square inch for landing

How do you control an aquaplane?

By using the antiskid braking systems, which releases the brakes if it senses a
skid.

Wet runway considerations? (What is the most effective means of stopping?

Thrust reverses

What makes RB211 (engine) different from others on the market?

Answer: 3stage, titanium wide chord Vs composite blades. IEPR, modular design.
Thrust-wt ratio, easy starting.

How many turbines in each stage of the engine? Compressors? (RB211

Engine)

Answer:
• The RB2
11-52
4 family are three-shaft high-bypass-ratio engines.
• Single-stage wide-chord fan.
• Seven-stage IP compressor.
• Six-stage HP compressor.
• Single annular combustor with 18 fuel burners (2
4 on the RB2
11-
52
4G/H-T).
• Single-stage HP turbine, single-stage IP turbine and a three-stage LP
turbine.
What is EPR vs. IEPR?
EPR : Engine Pressure RatioDiffers depending where the probes are positioned.
P&W use different locations to RR, therefore for the same thrust amount the
EPR's will differ significantly.It's basically the Exhaust (Hot stream) pressure
divided by the inlet pressure.RR use IEPR (I = Integrated) as they use Exhaust
(Hot stream) + Fan Exit (Cold Stream) divided by Exhaust pressure.

Tell us about TCAS?

Describe type 11 and the C, A, and S modes. He asked about TA and RA's and I
mentioned the 40 secs/2
5 secs and 5 sec reaction time required. He asked how it
works, data link with other mode s a/c. He asked about SE inhibits.

Please Note: We can't provide a correct answer to this question due to

insufficient wording submitted to us.

Tell us about Monsoon?

A monsoon is a seasonal shift in the prevailing wind direction, that usually brings
with it a different kind of weather. It almost always refers to the Asian monsoon,
a large region extending from India to Southeast Asia where monsoon conditions
prevail.During the winter monsoon, a persistent and large high pressure zone
over Asia drives cool, dry air southward toward the tropics. This provides the
monsoon region with its dry season.Then during May and June of each year, the
summer monsoon arrives with persistent southerly wind flow driven by a warm
air mass with low pressure at the surface that forms over southern Asia as it is
warmed by the sun. Air from the relatively higher pressure air mass over the
Indian and tropical western Pacific Ocean flows northward toward the low
pressure over land, bring with it torrential rains. A late arrival of the monsoon
can be bad for agriculture, as the monsoon rains are necessary for summer crops.

If you're at 33,000ft with a temp of -55 deg, what's the ISA dev?
-4 Celsius

Why is aft C of G desirable for long range cruise?

More fuel efficient

What is the transport wander of an uncorrected gyro?

An uncorrected gyro maintains its position with respect to his initial frame of
reference. If this gyro is moved over the earth, an apparent drift arises as the gyro
still maintains its alignment with its initial frame of reference while the gyro's
carrier might have moved several degrees along the earth. For example, the gyro
would appear to be aligned 90 degrees off the original position if you travel along
a great circle and cover 1/4th the circumference of the earth (not considering the
apparent drift due to the rotation of the earth). This apparent drift is called
transport wander.

How is range increased when flying into a headwind?

By selecting LRC or for max. range use MRC

Tire temperatures prior to takeoff depend upon?

A/C weight, taxi speed, tire pressure, OAT, Airport elevation

ICAO CAT I II III Mins, qualifications and recurrent requirements?

CAT I = 2
00’ (feet) - 800m | CAT II = 100’ (feet) - 350m | CAT IIIa = 50’-2
00m |
CAT IIIb = 2
0’-100m. The requirements to carry out a CATII or III approach in
addition to the normal CATI approach are that aircrafts CATII or CATIII systmes
are certified and operational. Runways ground CATII or III equipment is certified.
The crew is qualified and current.

How do flaps affect the take-off ground run?

It reduces T/O Ground roll

What is a microburst? What do you do about it?

A microburst is a sever downdraft vertical wind, emanating from the base of a
cumulonimbus cloud during a thunderstorm.

What is the biggest hazard in heavy rain on final approach?

Reduced visibility, wind shear, reduced landing performance (aquaplaning, skid)

What is the difference between the 747 classic and the 400?
Payload, range, efficiency, cockpit layout including avionics and aerodynamics.
What is the difference between the B777 wing and the 747 wing?
Wing area of 747-400 is larger. 777's has no winglets and is more advanced in
design.

When do you turn on engine anti-ice?

In visible moisture, on at temps between +10°C TAT and -40°C SAT

What is Direct Lift Control?

Direct lift control controls the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers to
increase aircraft vertical descent rate during landings. This may be done
without changing engine power.

What are the advantages of a fan engine?

It is an extension of the bypass engine principle with the difference that it
discharges its cold bypass airflow and hot engine core airflow separately.

Give six reasons for spoilers?

High speed turn device, drag on ground, speed brakes, DLC (direct lift control),
destroy lift after touch down, redundancy due 3 HYD systems.

What are active controls?

Active controls enable an airplane to pull air across the plane in specific
directions rather than passively letting the air flow over it. Basically ailerons,
rudder and elevator, for roll, yaw and pitch control.

What is the purpose of a Mach trimmer?

Mach trimmers allow for an aircraft's normal operating speed range to be above
its Mcrit. It also compensate for Mach tuck.

If you fly into a cloud and the TAT is -47ºC do you need anti-ice?
No, the range is between +10 to -40 Celsius (TAT)

What is higher at altitude, TAT or SAT?

TAT is higher

When you get a fire warning, what do you do?

Fly the airplane, identify, cancel warning, memory items, checklist.

How much fuel does the Stab hold?

3300 USG

Why does the Boeing 747-400 F not have the horizontal stabilizer fuel
tanks?
 There's just no need for that much fuel in a freighter. If you're going to load it up
to the full mark, you're severely restricting payload. It's much better to fly it for
about 9 hours and refuel - you can carry a full load.

Climb gradient calculations?

Climb gradient is defined by the vertical feet climbed per 1 nautical mile of
horizontal distance traveled. Since foot and NM are two different units, and that
there are 6076 feet in 1 NM; to find climb gradient %
, just covert the NM to 6076
ft, or simply divide the ft/nm by 6076, then times a 100 for %
.Take ft per N.M.
and divide my 6080 ft example 600 ft/n.m. would be 600/6080 = 10%


What changes the AOA at the stall?

Lowest sustainable speed for required lift occurs at maximum AOA i.e. stall
speed.

What is the rejected takeoff drill?

Call stop, close thrust levers / same time use brakess, raise speed brakes, use
thrust reverse, after a complete stop set the parking brake.

What is VMCA at the current aircraft you are flying?

No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

What do you do with the landing gear during windshear recovery? flaps?
why?
You don't change the configuration of the aircraft.

What is the Indication of warm front approaching?

Generally, prior to the passage of a warm front, cirriform or stratiform clouds,
along with fog, can be expected to form along the frontal boundary.

If overcast cirrostratus, what type of icing would you expect?

Could lead to severe icing due to Ice-Crystals melting on the warm surface of the
aircraft.

Climbing at constant IAS vs. TAS ? Get bigger, lower or same?

TAS will increase

What do vortex generators do in low speed?

Vortex generators delay flow separation and aerodynamic stalling; they improve
the effectiveness of control surfaces.

How does C.G. effect stalling speed?

A center of gravity forward of the center of pressure will cause a higher stall
speed. A center of gravity aft of the center of pressure will cause a lower stall
speed.

Series Vs. parallel yaw dampers?

 A yaw damper that is an integral part of the autopilot computer is what you
might refer to as "series". The same measured rate information that is used by
the autopilot for normal flight is also used by the autopilot for dampening yaw
excursions. In this case, when the yaw damper is "engaged", the yaw axis
circuitry's sensitivity of how the yaw rate information is used is increased to
smooth out the yaw axis.A "parallel" yaw damper is a separate component
attached in the autopilot system with it's own yaw rate measurement device and
circuitry, and when it is engaged it feeds correction information in parallel to the
autopilot's own rate information to smooth out yaw excursions.

Can clearway be used for takeoff or stop portion of t/o calculations?

No

Timing on outbound leg in holding above 14,000 feet?

1 minute an 30 seconds

Initially in a a wet runway, what is the most effective means on slowing

down?
Reverse Thrust

High Frequency waves bounce off what?

Bounce off objects in their path

From stall to high speed what is the effect of total drag?

High at stalling speed, gets lower once speed increases. Reaches its lowest at
VIMD and as speed increases total drag increases.

What happens to Mach number if you climb in a constant IAS?

Mach number increases

What is aspect ratio?

Aspect ratio is the ratio of the wing's span to its geometric chord.

What is a katabatic wind? and what is it caused by?

A katabatic wind is a local valley wind that flows down the side of a hill. Katabatic
wind is caused by the downward motion of cold air moving (sometimes with
considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

What can you do to reduce adverse yaw?

Trying to keep a coordinated turn by using rudder in a turn

Why are spoilers used?

Roll control (usually in combination with the ailerons). The primary purpose of
spoilers is roll control. It also used as air speed brakes, and reduces lift.

What helps to control boundary layer flow?

Vortex generators energize the boundary layer. (We don't know exact if it is this
answer they are looking for)
Does EPR rise, fall, stay the same during take off?
EPR falls during the takeoff as you accelerate.

What wing design changes can reduce dutch roll?

Sweptback Wings

What is the phenomenon called where temperature change between land

and see causes a breeze from the sea to land?
Sea Breeze

What is washout?
Washout is a decrease in the angle of incidence from the wing root to the tip. This
compensates for the early stall due to the higher levels of loading experienced at
the wing tips.

Deviation changes due to what?

Deviation refers to a compass error which occurs due to disturbances from
magnetic fields reduced y metals and electrical accessories within the airplane
itself.

Explain EGPWS?
Enhanced ground proximity warning systems (EGPWS) is a system designed to
alert pilots if their aircraft is in immediate danger of flying into the ground or an
obstacle.

QNH set to 989 instead of 998 What will the error be?
Higher Altitude

What devices do the aircraft have to prevent Dutch Roll?

Yaw Damper

What effects Vmcg?

Weight and C.G. position.

What equipment does the 777 have to help detect WS?

On the Boeing 777, the aircraft is equipped with a device known as the
predictive wind shear warning system. This system uses wind velocity data
gathered by the weather radar system to identify the existence of wind shear. The
system is activated automatically on the ground when the thrust levers are set to
take off position. It has an effective range of 3 nautical miles ahead of the aircraft.

What is Mcrit? Where does it happen first on the wing?

Mcrit is the aircraft's Mach speed at which the airflow over a wing becomes sonic
- critical Mach number. The aircraft's Mach speed is lower than the airflow speed
over a wing. It occurs on the upper surface of the wing.
What is the definition of a wet runway in mm of water?
less than 3mm or when there is sufficient moisture on the runway surface to
cause it to appear reflective

What is the relationship between V1 and Vmcg?

V1 can't be lower than VMCG

What is Fraised Aileron?

Frise ailerons are designed so that when up aileron is applied, some of the
forward edge of the aileron will protrude downward into the airflow, causing
increased drag on this (down-going) wing. This will counter the drag produced
by the other aileron, thus reducing adverse yaw.

With a crosswind from the right which engine on the 777 is critical, Why?
In most jets (not all) it is the up wind outboard that is most critical engine.

What does CAVOK mean?

Ceiling and Visibility are OK; specifically, (1) there are no clouds below 5000 feet
above aerodrome level (AAL) or minimum sector altitude (whichever is higher)
and no cumulonimbus or towering cumulus; (2
) visibility is at least 10
kilometres (6 statute miles); and (3) no current or forecast significant weather
such as precipitation, thunderstorms, shallow fog or low drifting snow.

What things are associated with a mountain wave?

Severe turbulence

What is the definition of a Wet Runway:

According to EU OPS, A runway is considered 'wet' when the runway surface is
covered with water or equivalent, less than 3mm or when there is sufficient
moisture on the runway surface to cause it to appear reflective, but without
significant areas of standing water.

What is the relationship between TAS, Mach number, and speed of sound in
an equation
Answer: Mach number (MN) = TAS / LSS

What are the inputs to GPWS?

The GPWS uses inputs from systems providing radio altitude, airspeed/Mach
number, landing gear and flap position, and DH setting.

What is the difference in ground looping tendencies between a tail dragged

and tricycle gear?

Ground looping is usually associated with a tail-dragger type of aircraft (one with
a tail wheel) because it has a natural tendency to ground loop. Part of its takeoff
run is made with its tail elevated, which leaves only the two main landing wheels
in contact with the ground. If the plane veers to the right or left during the slow
ground-speed phase of its takeoff run, and you are not quick enough with rudder
control (or over control) to straighten its run, the plane will ground loop. An
airplane with a tricycle landing gear (a gear having a nose wheel) has a far less
tendency to ground loop than a tail-dragger because three landing gear wheels
remain in con-tact with the ground until takeoff: speed is obtained.

Look at a weather map of the Pacific. What season do you think it is?
No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

As weight decreases, IMN for long - range cruise increases, decreases, stays
the same?
No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

What additional things can be done if unable to keep directional control on

landing?
No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

What are considerations when landing near a Typhoon?

Windshear and turbulence will be expected.

Why on some airplanes the engines are installed back on the tail ?
Advantages?/Disadvantages?- explain for both
Wing mounted engines make maintenance easier (near the ground for
maintenance crew). Design of engines under the wing makes it convenient for
fuel lines (from tanks in the wing) to deliver fuel to the engines, can even operate
somewhat by gravity if boost pumps fail.The problem with wing mounted engine,
is engines (turbofans especially) "sucking" items from the ramps and taxiways,
and the "side pull" in case of engine failure - the operating engine could make the
airplane uncontrollable (VmcA speed) while engines mounted in the tail do not
pull the aircraft "sideways" and do not have a VmcA limitation.Airplanes having
engines installed in the tail are generally heavier (airplanes do not like weight)
because of ·beefed-up structures required by the installation in the tail - danger
of engine failure (uncontained shrapnel) near tail controls (DC-10 crash United in
Sioux City).

in winter, accumulation of ice on the wings (and fuselage) could end-up in

engines. So with tail-mounted engines, you will ALWAYS operate engine/wing
thermal anti-ice PRIOR entering visible moisture or icing conditions. This is rare
on wing mounted engines, you probably never operate wing anti-ice on 707 or
747
Personal Interview questions with Human Resources!

Tell us about yourself?

This is the first question, you can expect during any interview you face. This
usually is a question to start the communication and set the ball rolling for the
interview. You can answer this question by providing some information about
your work experience, technologies you have worked upon, educational
qualifications. If you are a fresh graduate, you can provide some information
about your family also.

The trick is to put the full stop at the right place to provoke the next question you
want.

Describe your career progression up to this point today?

What will you do if you are not hired today?

How do you like Hong Kong?

What does you wife think about Hong Kong? (If married)

Do you know how long the captain upgrade is on the Freighter Vs the
passenger?

Do you have any secondary duties at your current job? Why or why not?

If your spouse were sitting here, what would they say is your biggest
weakness?

Have you applied to other carriers?

How did you study for this interview?

Why did you become a pilot?

How did you do in high school / University?

Why are you getting out of military? Could you stayed longer? (for military
pilots only)

Why do you want to fly for Cathay Pacific?

Where does Cathay fly in North America?

What recent cargo aircraft acquisitions has Cathay Pacific made?

Would you get bored flying with Cathay Airlines?

How did you wife and children felt previously living overseas?

Did Cathay make a profit last year? How Much?

How did you do in pilot training (ground classes, flying lessons)?

Who do you know at Cathay pacific?

Tell us about Cathay pacific? (or what do you know about Cathay pacific)

Tell us about fleet size?

Tell us about Cathay pacific destinations?

Why did you apply to Cathay? there are many other other airlines?

Name the first aircraft we used at Cathay pacific? Answer: Douglas DC-3
Answer: Douglas DC-3

Tell us 2 interesting things about yourself?

One thing you would like to change about yourself?

Tell us about the history of Cathay Pacific? (who founded this company?)

If you were in charge of the recruitment at Cathay Pacific, would you

require all the pilots to hold a college degree?

Did you always wanted to be a pilot?

First visit to Hong Kong, what was the biggest surprise for you in Hong
Kong?

Do you know about housing situation in Hong Kong and are you aware of
the prices?

What are the worst things about your current job?

What do you do when you are not flying?

What is the population of Hong Kong? Answer: 7.072 million (2011)

Do you know the duties as a Second officer? will you land the plane? (They
will ask you if you are going for a second officer interview with Cathay
pacific)
So, if hired do you know how your schedule is going to be like at Cathay
Pacific?

What is your best attribute?

What is your worst attribute?

Where do you see yourself in 5 years? or at the end of your career?

Who is the director of flight ops, chairman, CEO?

Would you be willing to consider yourself for a DESO position in HKG?

Would you consider yourself a good captain, instructor, evaluator, and why?

What would you do if XXX airlines offered you a class date that you cannot
move back if it was before the second interview with CX, and we cannot
move the second interview forward?

Tell me about your typical day?

Who is Director of Flight Operations?

Tell us about the difference between the Freight and Passenger fleet?

How do you feel about only landing the simulator? (second officer
application question)

Describe previous jobs?

What was my least favorite flying job, why?

What would co-workers say about you?

Describe yourself in one word?

Tell us about your first flight?

How did you finance your pilot training / university?

Why should we hire you?

Why do you want to leave your current job?

Heard anything negative about Cathay Pacific?

Heard anything negative about Hong Kong?

Why do you think you will like long haul?

What if your wife didn't like Hong Kong? Would you quit?

Any regrets you become a pilot? and why?

How is your current company you are flying for doing?

What other airlines are you interested in?

What did you do after your furlough to find a flying job? (only if you have
experienced this situation you will be asked this question)

Have you ever flown with Cathay Pacific as a passenger?

Tell me about a time you made a mistake in the cockpit?

Tell me about your childhood?

How much did your college education cost? Was it worth it? Would you do
anything different now if you could?

What does your wife think about you being gone 3 to 4 days at a time and
possibly being on the other side of the world?

What is the climate like in Hong Kong?

Where have you gotten the majority of the information you know about
Cathay? Is it from internet?

Do you know what aircrafts are on order?

What is the current relationship between Hong Kong and China?

What is the Longitude and Latitude of Hong Kong?

Answer: 2
2
° 15' 0" N / 114° 10' 0" E

Which is the only continent CX doesn't fly to?

How would you brief your crew on upcoming wind shear recovery?
No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

Service ceiling / top speed of your current aircraft you are flying?
No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

Tell us about your aircraft Engine?

No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

Tell me about your start sequence on your current airplane you fly?
No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

You will be landing at this Airport the winds are XX/XXX tell me the x-wind
and headwind components?
No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

Do you have O2 for your PAX? What kind?

No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

The person conducting the interview will draw 3 different hurricane locations.
He will ask which location I would prefer in order to land on 07R in HK? We don't
know the exact wording of this question.
No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

Which is better to descend? earlier - a heavier or lighter aircraft and why?

No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

ILS height calculation?

No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

ILS speed calculation?

No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

Kts to m/s conversion!

No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

Why are full flaps needed on Boeing 747?

No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

Tell the difference between A-340 and B747-400?

No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!
(A scenario) You are at 35000 feet and the oxygen masks drop down for the
passengers but there is oxygen in them and cabin pressurization is fine. You
are over pacific, about 5 hours from arriving at Hong Kong? What would
you do in this situation?
No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

Why set EPR early on take off roll?

No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

You land on a wet runway, autobrakes applied and reversers deployed, and
the airplane starts to skid, What do you do and why?
No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!

You are flying between Hong Kong and Anchorage when it becomes
apparent under the present conditions that you will land below the
minimum fuel required by regulatons. What will you do?
No answer will be provided to this question due to insufficient wording
submitted to us!