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Unit Outline
Acknowledgement of Country
We respectfully acknowledge the Indigenous Elders, custodians, their descendants and kin of this land past and
present. The Centre for Aboriginal Studies aspires to contribute to positive social change for Indigenous
Australians through higher education and research.
Syllabus
The further development of foundation competencies in understanding human anatomy and pathology will be
covered with topics that include trunk, upper limb, pelvis, foot and ankle anatomy and associated dysfunction. The
specific pathologies covered include neoplasia, metabolic syndrome and selected arthridities. An introduction to
human nervous system anatomy and selected pathologies is also provided.
Introduction
Welcome to Anatomy and Pathology.
As the unit name implies selected areas of anatomy structure and function and dysfunction will be expanded on,
while Pathology is literally the study (logos) of suffering (pathos).
The pathologies selected are those that physiotherapists routinely encounter and treat within the public and
private sectors of health care.
This unit is designed to give the student an understanding of who, how and why certain individuals or populations
are susceptable to certain pathologies. Understanding the relationships between basic cellular level changes and
processes, that create changes to structure and function, their clinical presentation and complications, is essential
in formulating an effective physiotherapy intervention. A good understanding of the pathology behind disease
conditions allows us to work out the reason (clinical reasoning) for the presenting signs and symptoms and is the
basis for planning effective treatment interventions.
For example, fracture healing will involve cells of the coagulation cascade, inflammatory process, bone cells and
their products, knowing the stages of the processes and the possible factors that interfere with the normal course
of these processes, enables the physiotherapist to contribute to the rehabilitation, by introducing weight bearing
activities at the appropriate time.
To understand the processes, clinical signs and symptoms and complications of the selected pathologies within
this unit, it is vital that students have a consolidated and thorough understanding of the inflammatory process.
Various Health agencies have identified key chronic diseases areas, Asthma, Cancer, Vascular disease (Heart,
Stroke), Diabetes, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, and Osteoporosis. Selected pathologies within these 5
health priorities will be discussed within this unit, while others are discussed in other units within the course.
Anatomy and Pathology also serves as an introduction to neuroanatomy and pathology studied in semester 2 of
second year.
Anatomy and Pathology is an essential pre-requisite to a number of units in the next semester of the course. This
is a significant unit in which failure twice may lead to termination of the course.
Anatomy and Pathology is conducted during first semester only, hence students who fail, will not be able to repeat
the unit in the same year.
Attendance at Classes
Attendance at all lectures is recommended (indeed, highly recommended). It is also highly recommended that you
attend all practical, laboratory and tutorial classes to ensure you develop skills and attain feedback while in class.
An attendance record will be taken at each laboratory / tutorial class in this unit. Students must attend their
allocated class time. Students attending classes should ensure that they arrive on time and maintain an attentive
disposition, as extraneous noise is discourteous to other students and the lecturer. Students should arrive prior to
the designated commencement time for practical classes or they will risk being excluded from the class.
Students who are unable to attend classes should, as a professional courtesy inform the Unit Coordinator via
email prior to their scheduled class (J.owens@curtin.edu.au) outlining the reasons for their non-attendance. If a
prolonged absence is experienced due to ill health, students should contact their unit coordinator providing
supporting medical certifactes or documentation. If a prolonged absence is anticipated students should arrange a
meeting with their unit coordinators and Year/Course Coordinator.
Practical Class Participatory/Dress Requirements
This unit requires full participation in all laboratory classes. Remember that you will be attending anatomy
laboratory practical sessions and therefore you will require your white coat, closed in shoes and recommended
safety glasses.
Failure to wear suitable clothing may mean exclusion from class. Please plan appropriately!
Students are required to wear their name badge to all laboratory classes. For safety and hygiene reasons
fingernails should be short and clean, long hair tied back and wristwatches and jewellery
(watches/bracelets/rings/brooches/necklaces/facial piercings) are not to be worn when treating clients.
Failure to wear suitable clothing may mean exclusion from class. Please plan appropriately!
Personal Hygiene and Infection Control
Please ensure that you use the hand washing facilities provided both at the beginning and completion of patient
based practical classes and especially at the completion of laboratory sessions.
Mobile Phones
Mobile phones must be switched off prior to entry to lecture, laboratory and tutorial sessions. They may not be
taken into examination venues.
School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science: Expectations of Professionalism
The School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science has an expectation of students that they will display a high level
of professionalism in all timetabled activities during semester and the examination period. This includes (but is not
limited to) lectures, practical sessions, laboratory sessions, tutorials, clinical visits and formal assessments.
Students are expected to behave in a manner, which allows all students to gain the maximum benefit from the
learning experience (as per the university student charter). Expected behaviours include:
l Behaviours consistent with Professionalism and that are conducive to an enhanced learning experience are:
l Completing all expected preparatory work (i.e. readings, practice questions etc.)
l Ensuring that appropriate clothing and nametag is worn and any required equipment is brought to the
session
l Arriving on time for formal teaching sessions
l Contacting the unit coordinator in order to notify them of the reasons for any absences from practical
sessions
l Switching off mobile phones, ipads and laptop computers during formal teaching sessions unless
specifically instructed to use these by staff
l Ensuring that full attention is focussed on tutors or lecturers during presentations
l Ensuring that you move to a position where you can see demonstrations in practical sessions or
laboratories
l Taking care of all equipment (including plinths)
l Communicating with staff and peers in a respectful manner
l Ensuring that email contact with staff includes full name, student ID, year level and contains correct
grammar (i.e. no use of sms communication style)
Students who fail to display professional behaviour on a consistent basis may be asked to leave formal tuition
activities such as lectures or practical sessions. Repeated incidents of unprofessional behaviour may result in a
formal report of General Misconduct and referral to School of Physiotherapy or Faculty Disciplinary panels.
2 Apply and interpret the implication of the pathological process involved in selected
structures and systems
3 Predict the clinical implications of pathological processes that occur in selected
tissues and systems
4 Contrast local versus systemic implications/complications occurring as a result of
individual (or combined) pathological process
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Find out more about Curtin's Graduate Capabilities at the Curtin Learning and Teaching website: clt.curtin.edu.au
Learning Activities
The teaching methods used in this unit are lectures, tutorials, laboratory classes, independent study, and
collaborative learning.
There are three hours of lectures and one hour of tutorial and one hour of laboratory/practical based learning
conducted per week.
The tutorials will address main learning objectives of the topics presented in the unit. Pre-reading and preparation
is essential for tutorial classes, with the expectation of active contribution and participation. These sessions are
your chance to discuss the pathology content of the previous week(s) lecture and allow you to ensure you
understand the pathology fully. This will be a good chance in a relatively small group to clear up any issues you
may have with understanding the unit content. These sessions will direct your learning to facilitate success in the
final examination.
The laboratory classes will involve anatomical and pathological identification, and give you the opportunity to see
the theory that has been discussed. The laboratory sessions will be directly related to the week’s lecture and may
contain previous weeks material.
Make sure you use these sessions well, as your first “for marks” anatomy assessment will take place in Week 7 of
the semester.
Learning Resources
Other resources
Materials needed for this unit in addition to this unit outline include the PATH2002 Anatomy and Pathology Guide.
Texts used in the 1st year unit, Foundations of Pathophysiology (PATH1001) are suitable for this unit.
Please note it is not compulsory for purchase of texts, as copies or its equivalent, are available in the library.
Assessment
Assessment schedule
Unit
Late Assessment
Value Learning
Task Date Due Assessments Extensions
% Outcome(s)
Accepted?* Considered?*
Assessed
Test 15% Week: 7 3 No Yes
Day: Tuesday April
1 9th
Time: Scheduled
lecture time
Laboratory tests 35% Week: 7 and 14 1,2 No Yes
Day: Scheduled
Laboratory class
2 time
Time: Scheduled
Laboratory class
time
Written examination 50% Week: 14 1,2,3,4 No Yes
Day: Scheduled
laboratory time
3
Time: Scheduled
Laboratory class
time
*Please refer to the Late Assessment and the Assessment Extension sections below for specific details and
conditions.
1. Test (15%)
This test will include MCQ questions covered during weeks 1- 7.
2. Laboratory Tests
Laboratory Test 1 (15%) Week 7
You will be required to demonstrate that you can identify anatomical structures and features on cadaveric
and potted material, teaching models and diagrams. Written explanations and multichoice questions of
related questions may be used to assess depth of understanding. The Laboratory Test will be a timed
‘station’ type lab test and will take place during your allocated laboratory times. It will include material
covered from weeks 1 to 7 inclusive and may include basic concepts from the week 8 lecture material.
Laboratory Test 2 (20%) Week 14
Similar to Laboratory test 1 - this will be a timed ‘station’ type lab test focussing on the neuroanatomical
content of the unit from weeks 10-14 inclusive.
3. Written Examination (50%)
Material from the entire semester will be examined in this examination. The format of the examination will
include short and MCQ questions.
Pass requirements
Assessments for this unit consist of the various types of assessment as listed above. Students must complete all
assessment items. An overall passing grade of 50% for the unit and a passing mark of 50% for the end of
semester written examination are required in order to pass this unit.
Late assessment
Where the submission of a late assessment is permitted, late penalties will be consistently applied in this unit.
Where a late assessment is permitted for an assessment item or the entirety of the unit (refer to the Assessment
Schedule table in this Unit Outline) and the student does not have an approved assessment extension:
1. For assessment items submitted within the first 24 hours after the due date/time, students will be penalised
by a deduction of 5% of the total marks allocated for the assessment task;
2. For each additional 24 hour period commenced an additional penalty of 10% of the total marks allocated
for the assessment item will be deducted; and
3. Assessment items submitted more than 168 hours late (7 calendar days) will receive a mark of zero.
Where late assessment is NOT permitted for an assessment item or the entirety of the unit (refer to the
Assessment Schedule table in this Unit Outline) and the student does not have an approved assessment extension:
1. All assessment items submitted after the due date/time will receive a mark of zero.
Assessment extension
Where an application for an assessment extension is permitted for an assessment item(s) within this unit (refer to
the Assessment Schedule table in this Unit Outline):
1. A student unable to complete an assessment item by/on the due date/time due to exceptional
circumstances beyond the student's control, must apply for an assessment extension using the Assessment
Extension Application Form (available from the Forms page at students.curtin.edu.au/administration/) as
prescribed by the Academic Registrar.
2. The student will be expected to lodge the form with supporting documentation to the school representative
nominated below.
3. Failure to submit this application in a timely manner, may impact upon the assessment process. For
applications that are declined this may have significant ramifications on the possible marks awarded.
4. An application may be accepted up to five working days after the due date/time of the assessment item
where the student is able to provide a verifiable explanation as to why he or she was not able to submit the
application prior to the assessment due date/time.
Where an application for an assessment extension is NOT permitted for an assessment item(s) within this unit
(refer to the Assessment Schedule table in this Unit Outline):
1. All assessment items submitted after the due date/time will be subject to late penalties or receive a mark of
zero depending on the unit permitting late assessment submissions.
Deferred assessments
If your results show that you have been granted a deferred assessment you should immediately check OASIS for
details.
Deferred examinations/tests will be held from 15/07/2019 to 19/07/2019 . Notification to students will be made
after the Board of Examiners’ meeting via the Official Communications Channel (OCC) in OASIS.
Further assessment
Further assessment is not available in this unit.
Referencing style
The referencing style for this unit is Vancouver.
More information can be found on this style from the Library web site:
http://libguides.library.curtin.edu.au/referencing.
Privacy
As part of a learning or assessment activity, or class participation, your image or voice may be recorded or
transmitted by equipment and systems operated by Curtin University. Transmission may be to other venues on
campus or to others both in Australia and overseas.
Your image or voice may also be recorded by students on personal equipment for individual or group study or
assessment purposes. Such recordings may not be reproduced or uploaded to a publicly accessible web
environment. If you wish to make such recordings for study purposes as a courtesy you should always seek the
permission of those who are impacted by the recording.
Recording of classes or course materials may not be exchanged or distributed for commercial purposes, for
compensation, or for any other purpose other than personal study for the enrolled students in the unit. Breach of
this may subject a student to disciplinary action under Statute No 10 – Student Disciplinary Statute.
If you wish to discuss this please talk to your Unit Coordinator.
Copyright
The course material for this unit is provided to you for your own research and study only. It is subject to
copyright. It is a copyright infringement to make this material available on third party websites.
Additional information
General Information for Undergraduate Physiotherapy Students
The 2018 Student Progression and Assessment Manual now calls supplementary examinations ‘Further
Assessments’. Further Assessments will only be granted under exceptional circumstances and with the approval of
the Faculty Pro Vice-Chancellor on a case by case basis. Where an exception is awarded, this will be notified in
writing to the Academic Registrar within seven working days, providing reasons for why the exception was
requested and approved.
All students enrolled in an undergraduate degree will under exceptional circumstances and on a case by case
basis be allowed only two Further Assessments throughout their course In addition, these Further Assessments can
only occur in the first year of your course or in the last semester of your course.
o In order to comply with the 2018 Student Progression and Assessment Manual, the School of Physiotherapy
and Exercise Science will no longer be offering Further Assessments for students enrolled in second year, third
year or the first semester of fourth year of an undergraduate course as of Semester 1, 2018.
Although students are allowed up to two Further Assessments across the course, if these were granted in the first
year of the course, the consequence of failure in the final semester exam (the PCR) would mean the student would
need to repeat the whole clinical unit in which the PCR sits. This would therefore result in delay to course
completion.
The School’s Board of Examiners is mindful of the fact that a student who has not met minimal competency in all
Unit Learning Outcomes may require an opportunity to demonstrate such competence via a ‘competency audit’. A
competency audit is a process by which the Board of Examiners is able to check that a student has met all Unit
Learning Outcomes. In such a situation, this competency audit will be offered on a strictly limited basis during the
School’s deferred examination period. If the student wishes to accept this opportunity, this will be the only time
that this opportunity will be offered.
Please note that competency audits do not apply to clinical placements – a student that has not met minimal
competency in a clinical placement will be required to repeat the clinical placement/unit in a subsequent study
period.
Information on all of the above is available through the University's "Student Rights and Responsibilities" website
at: students.curtin.edu.au/rights.
Student Equity
There are a number of factors that might disadvantage some students from participating in their studies or
assessments to the best of their ability, under standard conditions. These factors may include a disability or
medical condition (e.g. mental illness, chronic illness, physical or sensory disability, learning disability), significant
family responsibilities, pregnancy, religious practices, living in a remote location or another reason. If you believe
you may be unfairly disadvantaged on these or other grounds please contact Student Equity at eesj@curtin.edu.au
or go to http://eesj.curtin.edu.au/student_equity/index.cfm for more information
You can also contact Counselling and Disability services: http://www.disability.curtin.edu.au or the Multi-faith
services: http://life.curtin.edu.au/health-and-wellbeing/about_multifaith_services.htm for further information.
It is important to note that the staff of the university may not be able to meet your needs if they are not informed
of your individual circumstances so please get in touch with the appropriate service if you require assistance. For
general wellbeing concerns or advice please contact Curtin's Student Wellbeing Advisory Service at:
http://life.curtin.edu.au/health-and-wellbeing/student_wellbeing_service.htm
To view previous student feedback about this unit, search for the Unit Summary Report at
https://evaluate.curtin.edu.au/student/unit_search.cfm. See
https://evaluate.curtin.edu.au/info/dates.cfm to find out when you can eVALUate this unit.
Program calendar
Program Calendar – Semester 1 2019
Week Begin Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Wet Labs Dry Labs
Date
Tuesdays Thursdays Building 404 408.4502
2-4 pm 11am – 12
403.101 403.101
2. 4 March Anatomy of AO & AA, Back musculature Anatomy Back Back joints learning
torso Regional muscles strategy
Alar ligaments.
differences
X-rays
Z, CT & CV joints &
Quadratus
Pathologies relating to
lumborum
intervertebral canal
RPH bone and
narrowing
spine
Disc degeneration pathologies
6. 1 April Peripheral vascular disease Ankle & foot Peripheral Selected Learning
to amputation vasculature & Objectives
disease,
(LB) Pathology of Stroke and
neural cell death/injury Ankle & foot
anatomy
X-rays
RPH
pathologies
11. 6 May (TF) Sensory cortex & (TF) Motor cortex & Motor Somatosensory
somatosensory pathways I motor pathways pathways pathways
& II
The Neuron Sensory
receptors: cutaneous,
muscle spindle, golgi
tendon organ
12. 13 May (TF) Internal structure of (TF) Muscle spindle, Reciprocal Motor pathways &
spinal cord I & II golgi tendon inhibition, spinal cord lesions
organs, reflexes & stretch reflex
reciprocal inhibition & DTRs
13. 20 May (TF) LMN signs and (LB) Pathology of Wet Lab Peripheral nerve
symptoms. Guillain Barre revision lesions
Peripheral nerves &
neuropathies: Wallerian
degeneration (peripheral
nerve lesions), Distal axonal
degeneration (diabetes),
Segmental demyelination
(TF)
14. 27 May (LB) UMN syndrome (TF) Disorders of Wet lab Wet lab
Alteration in muscle tone. muscle & nerve. assessment 2 assessment 2
Myopathy.
(20%) (20%)
Muscular dystrophy.
Myasthenia
gravis.