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NCM 104

CARE OF PATIENT WITH COMMUNICABLE DISEASES


MIDTERM
ACTIVITY#1

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM


A. BACTERIAL INFECTION/S
DISEASE SYNONYM/S CAUSATIVE MOT PATHOGNOMONIC PORTAL OF PORTAL OF MANAGEMENT
AGENT SIGN ENTRY EXIT
TETANUS Lockjaw Clostridium Break in skin -trismus Medical Management:
Tetani integrity -risus sardonicus 1.Neutralize the toxin
>This is the top priority
>Give anti-tetanus serum or
tetanus anti-toxin that comes
from horse serum. When
administering tetanus horse
serum always have ready
the Epinephrine and
corticosteroid
>Human serum tetanus
immunoglobulin
2.Kill the Microorganism
>Give Penicillin
>In the fresh wound, do daily
cleansing with hydrogen
peroxide
>Apply antiseptic solution like
Betadine or Providone
> Cover wound with thin
dressing to allow air to
circulate through the wound.
>expose the wound but avoid
contact with flies
3.Prevent and control
spasm
>Give muscle relaxant
>Give Diazepam or Valium
>When patient is on his way
to to recovery musle relaxant
per orem can be used like
Methocarbamol or Robaxin,
Lionesal or Baclofen,
Eperison or Myonal
4. For urinary retention do
catheterization and for
constipation administer
laxative
Nursing Management:
1.Muscle spasm are the
first concern
>place the patient in a dim
and quiet environment
>Practice minimal handling of
the patient
>Practice cluster care
>Gentle handling of the
patient
>touching is not
contraindicated
>turning is not
contraindicated
> Provide with comfort
measures

MENINGITIS 1.Viral Droplet -Nuchal Riginity -Mucous Medical Management:


>Cytomegalovirus Transmission/ -Kernig’s sign membranes of 1.If bacterial
2.Fungal Direct Mode -Brudzinski’s sign the upper -give anti-bacterial agent in
>Cryptococcal of respiratory tract the form of antibiotics
Meningitis Transmission 2.If Viral
3.Bacterial -Symptomatic
>Tubercle Bacilli 3.If fungal
4.Staphyloccocal -Give Amphotericin B
Meningitis 4.If with inflammation
>Haemophilus -Give corticosteroids in the
influenzae Bacilli form of Dexamethasone
5.Meningococcemia 5.If with excess CSF
>Meningococcemial -Give osmotic diuretic in the
Meningitis form of Mannitol
-check bd before
administration as it causes
hypotension
-Monitor the intake and
output to evaluate the
effectiveness of Mannitol
-Expect that after 2 to 3
hours, the urine output must
increase by 30-50ml
-If no changes in urine output
occurs, then Mannitol is not
effective. Refer this to the
Physician.
6.If there are convulsions
due to CNS infection.
-give anti-convulsants such
as Dilantin or Phenytoin

B. VIRAL INFECTION/S
DISEASE SYNONYM/S CAUSATIVE MOT PATHOGNOMONIC PORTAL OF PORTAL OF MANAGEMENT
AGENT SIGN ENTRY EXIT
ENCEPHALITIS
POLIOMYELITIS -Infantile Virus -Droplet -Flaccid Paralysis - Medical Mangement:
Paralysis >Legio Debilitans -Fecal-Oral Gastroentestinal Symptomatic
-Heine-Medin Type 1-Brunhilde Route Tract If there is respiratory
Disease Type 2-Lansing paralysis:
Type 3-Leon >Place patient in a
Mechanical Ventilator
>Use the Iron Lung Maching

Nursing Care for


Poliomyelitis
>Symptomatic and
Supportive
>Psychological Aspect of
care
RABIES -Hydrophobia Rhabdovirus -Contact -Hydrophobia -Via the bite of Through Medical Management:
-Lyssa with saliva an infected Saliva when >Post-Exposure Prophylaxi
-La Rage of a rabid animal an animal Vaccines
animal bites human. >In case the dog died
-Break in complete a Booster dose of
Skin Verorab
Integrity
Nursing Management:
>Place the patient in a dim
and quiet environment
>Keep Patient away from
sub-utility room
>Restrain the patient before
he exhibits maniacal
behavior
>Wear all personal
protective equipment when
you enter the room because
patient continues to spit

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