2017 Insecticide-Fungicide Guide PDF

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Insecticide,
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2017-18
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6 GrowerTalks August 2016
Pesticide Rotation
Dr. Raymond A. Cloyd
Control mites
Pesticide rotation is the temporal
alternation of pesticides, such as,
opposed to using only one pesticide; resulting in
exposure of individual pests to only one mode of
by the numbers
insecticides and/or miticides that action during their lifetime.
1 new mode of action

have different modes of action. One Furthermore, rotating pesticides with different
of the main ways of mitigating the modes of action will help preserve existing pesti-
potential for insect and mite pest cide products, as well as, help effectively manage
populations to develop pesticide
resistance, and extending the
insect and/or mite pest populations. However,
a factor that may influence pesticide rotations
for better mite control
effectiveness of currently available is the stability of resistance, where resistance
pesticides, is to rotate pesticides
with different modes of action.
to certain pesticides may be retained in future
generations despite rotating different modes
Works within 3 hours
Mode of action, or mode of
activity, refers to how a pesticide
of action. Therefore, rotation programs need to
include a number of pesticides with different of application
affects the metabolic or physiolog- modes of action.
Controls all 5 life stages

ical processes in an insect or mite Another strategy is to rotate pesticides with
pest. Previous recommendations specific modes of action with those having
of a mite
involved rotating pesticides based non-specific, multiple or broad modes of activity,
on chemical classes, however, some such as insect growth regulators, insecticidal
chemical classes have the same soaps, horticultural oils, selective feeding block-
mode of action such as, organo- ers, beneficial fungi and bacteria, and micro-or-
Provides up to 28 days
Use an insecticide or miticide with the
phosphates and carbamates. Exam- same mode of action within an insect or ganisms. The use of pesticides with broad modes
ples of organophosphate and carba- mite pest generation before switching of activity may reduce the rate at which insect or
mate pesticides include: acephate to another insecticide or miticide with a
(Orthene), chlorpyrifos (DuraGuard) different mode of action.
mite pest populations develop resistance. Howev-
er, be sure to rotate insect growth regulators with
of control
and methiocarb (Mesurol). different modes of action since certain insect
General recommendations in- pests—including aphids and whiteflies—have de-
clude rotating different modes of action every two to three weeks or within veloped resistance to a number of insect growth
an insect or mite pest generation, in order to decrease selection pressure, regulators.
which is associated with the frequency of applying pesticides. The concept In conclusion, always use pesticides judicious-
is to use one mode of action within a generation early in the crop production ly in order to avoid problems with pesticide resis-
cycle and then switch to different modes of action in subsequent gener- tance by rotating pesticides with different modes
ations. However, the frequency of rotating pesticides with distinct modes of action, and more importantly, implement
of action depends on the time of year and temperatures in the greenhouse non-pesticidal strategies, including scouting,
because development from egg to adult is contingent on temperature. cultural control, sanitation, physical control and
In fact, higher temperatures can result in faster population growth, thus biological control.
leading to simultaneous presence of overlapping generations at different life
stages (eggs, larvae, nymphs, pupae and adults). The occurrence of overlap-
ping generations can lead to increased pesticide applications, consequently
enhancing the frequency of resistance. Therefore, the ideal situation is to
utilize a variety of pesticides with different modes of action.
A potential problem associated with pesticide rotations is that insect or
mite pest populations may evolve different ways to resist the same pesti-
cide. In addition, if cross-resistance (which is affiliated with a single resis-
tance mechanism that’s responsible for resistance to pesticides in similar
chemical classes and/or with the same mode of action) occurs in a pest
population, then rotating insecticides with different modes of action won’t Ornamental growers can rely on Sultan miticide for rapid knockdown
be effective in mitigating resistance. The rotation of pesticides with distinct
modes of action assumes that the frequency or proportion of individuals in a and powerful control of all life stages of spider mites. Formulated with
pest population resistant to one pesticide will be reduced when an alterna- a unique mode of action, it controls mite populations for up to 28 days
tive pesticide with a different mode of action is applied.
Consequently, the frequency of resistant individuals declines in subse- and expands your rotation options. Sultan miticide is also soft on
quent generations when the initial pesticide isn’t applied. So when the first beneficials — good news for keeping your IPM programs on track.
pesticide is reapplied, there’s a high frequency of susceptible individuals
present. As such, the initial pesticide will provide effective suppression of a When spraying pesticides (insecticides and miticides),
pest population when re-introduced into the rotation program. The rotation be sure to rotate modes of action to avoid insect or Visit betterplants.basf.us to learn more.
of pesticides with different modes of action will reduce selection pressure as mite pest populations developing resistance.
4 GROWERTALKS 2017-2018 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide GROWERTALKS

Always read and follow label directions. 2017-2018 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 5
Sultan is a registered trademark of BASF. © 2017 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.
Pesticide Mixtures
A pesticide mixture is the combining of pesticides (in this case, insec- cides with different modes of action in order to pre- There are issues associated with pesticide mixtures. For instance, just sponse to pesticide mixtures. Therefore, in order to
ticides and miticides) into a single spray solution. The mixture exposes vent pest populations from developing resistance to as synergism improves the efficacy of pesticide mixtures, the opposite avoid problems associated with plant injury or phy-
individuals in a pest population to each pesticide simultaneously, which one mode of action. may occur when mixing two or more pesticides, consequently, reducing totoxicity, always test a pesticide mixture by mak-
can sometimes improve pest suppression. There are benefits associated The main reason for mixing pesticides togeth- the effectiveness of a pesticide mixture compared to individual applica- ing applications to approximately 10 plants before
with pesticide mixtures, however, several issues should be considered. er is because it’s less time consuming, costly and tions of each pesticide. This is referred to as antagonism. exposing the entire crop to the pesticide mixture.
First, always read the pesticide label and understand why certain labor-intensive to mix two or more pesticides and Moreover, applying pesticides together may not only reduce effective- If no plant injury or phytotoxicity is apparent after
pesticides are being mixed together. The use of pesticide mixtures should make one application as opposed to applying each ness, but may result in plant injury or phytotoxicity. Therefore, always seven to 10 days, then the pesticide mixture can be
be based on the mode of action of each pesticide and developmental pesticide separately. Another benefit of pesticide read the labels of all pesticides to be mixed together to determine if they applied to the whole crop.
stage(s) of the target pest(s) that the pesticide mixture is most effective mixtures is the potential for improved pest suppres- should be mixed together. If you have any questions, then contact the The issue regarding pesticide mixtures and
against. For example, mixing two miticides that are only active on the sion. pesticide manufacturer directly. resistance is still not well understood, although
adult stage of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) wouldn’t For instance, mixing two pesticides may result Another potential issue with pesticide mixtures is incompatibility, applying two or more pesticides at different time
be appropriate because both miticides would only kill adults with no in greater kill (based on mortality) than applying which is a physical condition that prevents pesticides from mixing intervals may offer similar advantages with regards
activity on the eggs, larvae or nymphs. However, mixing a miticide with either pesticide separately, which is referred to as together properly in a spray solution, thus reducing effectiveness or to pest suppression than a pesticide mixture. How-
adult activity with another miticide that’s active on eggs, larvae and synergism or potentiation. Synergism is when the increasing the potential for plant injury or phytotoxicity. Incompatibility ever, using pesticide mixtures to mitigate resistance
nymphs would be appropriate because the pesticide mixture would target combined toxicity of two pesticides is greater than may be caused by a number of factors, including chemical or physical development may not be appropriate because each
all life stages of the pest. the sum of the toxicities of each individual pesti- nature of the pesticide(s), water impurities, water temperature or formu- individual pest in the population may not be ex-
There are three main factors to be aware of when mixing pesticides cide. lation types mixed together. posed to a lethal dose of each pesticide. The mixing
together: 1) half-life; 2) persistence; and 3) mode of action. Half-life is Another case is when one compound has In order to determine incompatibility between two (or more) pesti- of pesticides with different modes of action may
associated with the pH of the spray solution in regards to the length of pesticidal activity, but the other compound in the cides, conduct a jar test. A jar test involves collecting a sample of the delay resistance within a given pest population
time required for the active ingredient to degrade. Always mix together mixture has minimal, if any, activity when applied spray solution into a separate empty container and allowing the solution because individuals in the pest population may not
pesticides with similar half-lives in order to avoid exposing pests to just separately. Potentiation occurs when the activity of to remain idle for about 15 minutes. If the pesticides aren’t compatible, be able to develop resistance to several modes of
one pesticide for any given time period. Persistence refers to the residual one pesticide enhances the activity of another pes- a noticeable separation, layering, flakes or crystals will form. However, action simultaneously.
activity of a given pesticide following an application (e.g., short vs. long ticide. In this case, both compounds have pesticidal if the pesticides are compatible, then the solution will appear homoge- Furthermore, individuals in the pest population
residual activity). Be sure to mix together pesticides that have similar activity and are toxic when applied separately. neous or resemble milk. Regardless, this procedure only assesses com- that are resistant to one or more pesticides would
residual activities so that pest populations are exposed to both pesticides There are also compounds referred to as syner- patibility or incompatibility, not synergism or antagonism. likely succumb to the other pesticide in the mixture.
for the same time period. gists, which are adjuvants that enhance the effec- New plant varieties or cultivars are continually being introduced into Nonetheless, using pesticide mixtures to mitigate
Mode of action is how a pesticide affects the metabolic and/or physi- tiveness of a pesticide active ingredient. For exam- the marketplace. Nonetheless, these new varieties may differ in their re- resistance will only be effective if there’s no cross
ological processes of an insect or mite pest. Always mix together pesti- ple, piperonyl butoxide or PBO is a synergist that’s resistance, which is based on a single resistance
commonly mixed or formulated with pyrethrins mechanism responsible for resistance to pesticides
(botanical pesticides derived from chrysanthemum in the same chemical class and/or with similar
[Tanacetum cinerariaefolium] flowers) and certain modes of action.
pyrethroid pesticides. Piperonyl butoxide works Some commercially available pesticide products
by blocking enzymes in an insect that detoxify the are formulated as pre-mixtures, including Sirocco
active ingredient so the pesticide retains activity. (bifenazate + abamectin), XXpire (spinetoram +
Furthermore, certain organophosphate pesti- sulfoxaflor) and Discus (cyfluthrin + imidacloprid).
cides (e.g., acephate and chlorpyrifos) are used as These products contain two different active ingre-
synergists for certain pyrethroid pesticides (e.g., dients with distinct modes of action and provide a
bifenthrin and cyfluthrin) because they bind to broad-spectrum of activity against many different
particular enzymes responsible for detoxification insect and mite pests.
or metabolism. This binding counteracts the ability Pesticide mixtures have advantages and limita-
of insect and/or mite pests to develop resistance, tions. Greenhouse producers mix pesticides such
which may be the reason why pesticide manufac- as insecticides and miticides together in order to
turers formulate pre-mixtures containing organo- reduce labor costs affiliated with multiple spray
phosphate and pyrethroid pesticides to manage applications and to improve suppression of insect
insect and/or mite pests. and mite pests. However, always exercise caution or
avoid using pesticide mixtures in order to prevent
problems associated with antagonism, incompati-
bility, phytotoxicity and resistance.
The use of pesticide mixtures may result in synergism occurring when two Some commercially available pesticide products, like Sirocco, are formulated as
different pesticides are mixed together. pre-mixtures containing two different active ingredients with distinct modes
of action, which provides broad-spectrum activity against many different insect
and mite pests.
6 GROWERTALKS 2017-2018 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide GROWERTALKS 2017-2018 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 7
How to Maximize the Effectiveness of Pesticides
Pesticides, such as insecticides and and mites complete development. Frequency depends on the residual activ-
miticides, are commonly applied by Therefore, the effect of temperature on ity (persistence) of a given pesticide. Always
greenhouse growers to suppress insect insect and mite development needs read the product label to obtain information
and mite pest populations. In general, to be taken into consideration when on the frequency of application. In general,
horticultural crops grown in green- timing applications of pesticides. recommendations favor making pesticide
houses typically require inputs from In order to minimize harm to honey applications once every seven days. Howev-
pesticides in order to maintain the bees and bumblebees from pesticide er, frequency of application will depend on
aesthetic quality of plants for salability. applications, always apply pesticides the residual activity of the pesticide (short-
However, it’s important to use pesti- in the early morning or late evening term vs. long-term).
cides properly in order to maximize ef- when honey bees and bumblebees are Nonetheless, too many applications may
fectiveness. There are three key factors less active. also result in plant injury or phytotoxicity
associated with maximizing pesticide Coverage is especially important to certain greenhouse-grown crops. For
effectiveness: timing, coverage and when using contact pesticides. Always example, plant injury may occur if you apply
frequency. thoroughly cover all plant parts, includ- insecticidal soaps (potassium salts of fatty
Timing refers to applying pesticides ing the leaves, stems, flowers and fruit. acids) or horticultural oils (mineral, petro-
(in this case, insecticides and miti- The use of an adjuvant may be required leum or neem-based) too frequently (three
cides) when the most susceptible life to enhance coverage by increasing times per week).
stage of a given insect or mite pest is the spreadability of the spray solution, Furthermore, applying the same pes-
present. For insect and mite pests, the thus enhancing coverage—especial- ticide continuously may promote resis-
most susceptible life stages, in general, ly on waxy leaves. An adjuvant is a tance developing in insect and/or mite
are the larva/nymph and adult. The material added to a pesticide mixture pest populations, which is why you always
egg and pupa tend to be more resilient, or solution in order to improve or alter rotate pesticides with different modes of
and thus less susceptible to pesticide deposition, toxicity, mixing ability, action after completion of a generation. In
applications. Therefore, growers need persistence and/or other attributes that addition, the time of year or season (spring
to understand the biology of a given will enhance effectiveness. One type of vs. summer) may affect the frequency of
insect and/or mite pest in order to in- adjuvant is a surfactant, which reduces
crease the effectiveness of a pesticide the surface tension of spray droplets, Applying the same pesticide continuously may promote
application. thus allowing for better coverage on resistance developing in insect and/or mite pest
When applying systemic insec- waxy or hairy leaf surfaces of certain populations, which is why you always rotate pesticides
with different modes of action after completion of a
ticides to the growing medium (as plants or the outer covering (cuticle) of
generation.
drench applications), always conduct insects and mites.
applications prior to noticing phlo- How important is coverage with
em-feeding insects, such as aphids regards to translaminar pesticides?
and whiteflies. The reason for this is Translaminar pesticides are those in
the active ingredient of the systemic which the material (spray solution) application due to the influence of temperature on
insecticide can take time to move or penetrates leaf tissues and forms a the life cycle (egg to adult) of an insect and/or mite
translocate throughout plants follow- reservoir of active ingredient within pest. As temperature increases, the time required
ing application, although this depends the leaf, providing residual activity for the life cycle to be completed is reduced, which
on water solubility (the higher the against a number of plant-feeding usually results in the need for more frequent appli-
water solubility, the faster the active pests, such as the two-spotted spider cations.
ingredient will translocate through the mite (Tetranychus urticae). Regardless, In conclusion, timing, coverage and frequency
plant vascular system). Examples of always thoroughly cover all plant parts, are important factors to consider in order to insure
systemic insecticides that may be used especially the upper and lower sides success when using pesticides to suppress insect
on greenhouse-grown horticultural of leaves, as many insecticides and and/or mite populations on greenhouse-grown
crops include imidacloprid (Marathon), miticides with translaminar properties horticultural crops. However, proper pesticide
dinotefuran (Safari), thiamethoxam have contact activity as well. Examples stewardship is critical in avoiding problems such
(Flagship), cyantraniloprole (Main- of insecticides/miticides that have as plant injury and resistance. Finally—and most
spring) and spirotetramat (Kontos). translaminar activity include abamec- importantly—read the label of all pesticides prior to
Be sure to take note that tempera- tin (Avid), chlorfenapyr (Pylon), etoxaz- use and follow label directions explicitly.
ture influences the life cycle and, ole (TetraSan), pyriproxyfen (Distance/ When applying systemic insecticides to the Be sure to take note that temperature influences the life cycle of insects and
consequently, the presence of sus- Fulcrum), spinosad (Conserve) and growing medium, always conduct applications mites—the higher the temperature, the faster that insects and mites complete
ceptible life stages. The higher the spiromesifen (Judo). prior to noticing phloem-feeding insects, such as development.
temperature, the faster that insects whiteflies.
2017 Pest Control Greenhouse pest management/plant protection involves using a multitude of strategies in order to minimize
the prospect of dealing with insect and mite pest populations. The use of pest control materials (insecticides
Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action
Materials for Managing and miticides) is one component of a pest management/plant protection program, which also includes pest or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode of Action Classification)
identification and monitoring along with cultural, physical, and biological control. Proper stewardship of pest
Insect and Mite Pests control materials involves resistance management by rotating products with different modes of action. The
Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (23)
of Greenhouse-grown Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) has developed a grouping, based on mode of action, to Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
facilitate the implementation of appropriate rotation programs. Pest control materials have been assigned a
Horticultural Crops designated number (sometimes number and letter combinations) associated with their mode of action. For
Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
more information, consult the IRAC website (www.irac.online.org). The information presented in this chart Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A)
Raymond A. Cloyd
is not a substitute for the label. Always read and understand all information presented on the label before BROAD MITE Abamectin Avid 12 hours GABA chloride channel activator (6)
Department of Entomology
using any pest control material. Also, be sure to check county and state regulations to determine if there are
Kansas State University
any local restrictions associated with the use of specific pest control materials listed in this chart. Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor + GABA
Bifenazate + Abamectin Sirocco 12 hours
chloride channel activator (20D + 6)
Chlorfenapyr Pylon 12 hours Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler (13)
Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action
or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode of Action Classification) Fenpyroximate Akari 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A)
APHIDS Abamectin Avid 12 hours GABA1 chloride channel activator (6) Pyridaben Sanmite 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A)
Orthene/1300 Orthene TR/ Spiromesifen Savate 12 hours Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (23)
Acephate 24/24/12 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1B)
Precise Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (23)
Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
CATERPILLARS Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
hormone Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
hormone
Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA BotaniGard 4 hours Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
Dipel 4 hours Midgut membrane disruptor (11)
Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor + GABA kurstaki
chloride channel activator (20D + 6) Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Chlorpyrifos DuraGuard ME 24 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1B)
Clarified hydrophobic extract of
Triact 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor Cyantraniliprole Mainspring 4 hours Selective activation of ryanodine receptors (28)
neem oil
Cyantraniliprole Mainspring 4 hours Selective activation of ryanodine receptors (28) Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) Fenpropathrin Tame 24 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Prolong opening of sodium channels + nicotinic Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor
Cyfluthrin + Imidacloprid Discus 12 hours
acetylcholine receptor modulator (3A + 4A)
Pyrethrins Pyrethrum 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
Pyridalyl Overture 12 hours Unknown mode of action
Fenpropathrin Tame 24 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Ecdysone agonist: mimics action of molting
Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ Methoxyfenozide Intrepid 4 hours
Flonicamid Aria 12 hours hormone (18)
modulator (29)
Novaluron Pedestal 12 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (15)
Flupyradifurone Altus 4 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4D)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/agonist
Imidacloprid Marathon/Benefit/Mantra 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A) Spinetoram + Sulfoxaflor XXpire 12 hours and GABA chloride channel activator + nicotinic
Isaria fumosorosea Apopka acetylcholine receptor modulator (5 + 4C)
Ancora 4 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/agonist
Strain 97 Spinosad Conserve 4 hours
Isaria fumosoroseus Strain FE and GABA chloride channel activator (5)
NoFly 4 hours
9901 Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Kinoprene Enstar 4 hours Juvenile hormone mimic (7A) Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A)
Methiocarb Mesurol 24 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1A) CYCLAMEN MITE Abamectin Avid 12 hours GABA chloride channel activator (6)
Mineral oil Ultra-Pure Oil/SuffOil-X 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor + GABA
Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor
Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ TRPV
Pymetrozine Endeavor 12 hours
channel modulator (9B) Fenpyroximate Akari 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A)
Pyrethrins Pyrethrum 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) Spiromesifen Savate 12 hours Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (23)
Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ TRPV Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (23)
Pyrifluquinazon Rycar 12 hours
channel modulator (9B)
Spinetoram + Sulfoxaflor XXpire 12 hours and GABA chloride channel activator + nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor modulator (5 + 4C)
10 GROWERTALKS 2017-2018 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide (Pest control materials in bold typeface are from BASF.) GROWERTALKS 2017-2018 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 11
Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action Insect Pest Control Material Pest Control Material Restricted Entry Mode of Action
or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode of Action Classification) or Mite Pest Common Name Trade Name(s) Interval (REI) (IRAC Mode of Action Classification)
FUNGUS GNAT Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A) Pyrethrins Pyrethrum 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
LARVAE Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (23)
hormone
Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
Gnatrol 4 hours Midgut membrane disruptor (11)
israelensis Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
Chlorfenapyr Pylon 12 hours Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler (13) Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A)
Chlorpyrifos DuraGuard ME 24 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1B) LEAFMINERS Abamectin Avid 12 hours GABA chloride channel activator (6)
Prolong opening of sodium channels + nicotinic Orthene/1300 Orthene TR/
Cyfluthrin + Imidacloprid Discus 12 hours Acephate 24/24/12 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1B)
acetylcholine receptor modulator (3A + 4A) Precise
Cyromazine Citation 12 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (17) Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
Diflubenzuron Adept 12 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (15) Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A) hormone
Imidacloprid Marathon/Benefit/Mantra 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A) Bifenazate + Abamectin Sirocco 12 hours
Kinoprene Enstar 4 hours Juvenile hormone mimic (7A) Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Pyriproxyfen Distance/Fulcrum 12 hours Juvenile hormone mimic (7C) Chlorpyrifos DuraGuard ME 24 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1B)
Steinernema feltiae Nemasys, NemaShield, Cyantraniliprole Mainspring 4 hours Selective activation of ryanodine receptors (28)
Scanmask, and Entonem
Prolong opening of sodium channels + nicotinic
Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A) Cyfluthrin + Imidacloprid Discus 4 hours
FUNGUS GNAT Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) Cyromazine Citation 12 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (17)
ADULTS
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) Diflubenzuron Adept 12 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (15)
Prolong opening of sodium channels + nicotinic Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
Imidacloprid Marathon/Benefit/Mantra 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
Isaria fumosorosea Apopka
Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor Ancora 4 hours
Strain 97
Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) Kinoprene Enstar 4 hours Juvenile hormone mimic (7A)
LEAFHOPPERS Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A) Mineral oil Ultra-Pure Oil/SuffOil-X 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting Novaluron Pedestal 12 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (15)
hormone
Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA BotaniGard 4 hours Spinosad Conserve 4 hours
and GABA chloride channel activator (5)
Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
Buprofezin Talus 12 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (16) Orthene/1300 Orthene TR/
MEALYBUGS Acephate 24/24/12 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1B)
Precise
Clarified hydrophobic extract of
Triact 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting
neem oil Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
hormone
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA BotaniGard 4 hours
acetylcholine receptor modulator (3A + 4A) Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A) Buprofezin Talus 12 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (16)
Fenpropathrin Tame 24 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) Chlorpyrifos DuraGuard ME 24 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1B)
Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ Clarified hydrophobic extract of
Flonicamid Aria 12 hours Triact 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
modulator (29) neem oil
Flupyradifurone Altus 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4D) Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Imidacloprid Marathon/Benefit/Mantra 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A) Prolong opening of sodium channels + nicotinic
Isaria fumosoroseus Strain FE acetylcholine receptor modulator (3A + 4A)
NoFly 4 hours
9901 Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor q Fenpropathrin Tame 24 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ Pyriproxyfen Distance/Fulcrum 12 hours Juvenile hormone mimic (7C)
Flonicamid Aria 12 hours
modulator (29)
Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (23)
Flupyradifurone Altus 4 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4D)
Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A)
Ancora 4 hours
Strain 97 SHORE FLY Azadirachtin Azatin/Ornazin/Molt-X/Azatrol2 4/12/4/4 hours
Isaria fumosoroseus Strain FE LARVAE hormone
NoFly 4 hours
9901 Chlorpyrifos DuraGuard ME 24 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1B)
Kinoprene Enstar 4 hours Juvenile hormone mimic (7A) Cyromazine Citation 12 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (17)
Mineral oil Ultra-Pure Oil/SuffOil-X 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor Diflubenzuron Adept 12 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (15)
Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor Pyriproxyfen Distance/Fulcrum 12 hours Juvenile hormone mimic (7C)
Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ TRPV Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/agonist
Pyrifluquinazon Rycar 12 hours Spinosad Conserve 4 hours
channel modulator (9B) and GABA chloride channel activator (5)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/agonist SLUG AND SNAIL Iron phosphate Sluggo 0 hours Inhibits calcium metabolism
Spineotram + Sulfoxaflor XXpire 12 hours and GABA chloride channel activator + nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor modulator (5 + 4C) Metaldehyde Deadline Refer to Label Central nervous system toxin
Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (23) Methiocarb Mesurol 24 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1A)
Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A) SPIDER MITE Abamectin Avid 12 hours GABA chloride channel activator (6)
(TWOSPOTTED)
Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A) Acequinocyl Shuttle 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (20B)
PLANT BUGS Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A) Bifenazate Floramite 4 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (20D)
Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor + GABA
Flonicamid Aria 12 hours Bifenazate + Abamectin Sirocco 12 hours
modulator (29) chloride channel activator (20D + 6)
Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Flupyradifurone Altus 4 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4D) Chlorfenapyr Pylon 12 hours Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler (13)
Isaria fumosorosea Apopka Clarified hydrophobic extract of
Ancora 4 hours Triact 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
Strain 97 neem oil
Isaria fumosoroseus Strain FE Clofentezine Applause 12 hours Growth and embryogenesis inhibitor (10A)
NoFly 4 hours
9901
Cyflumetofen Sultan 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (25)
Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Etoxazole TetraSan/Beethoven 12/24 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (10B)
SCALES (HARD
Acephate Orthene/1300 Orthene TR/ 24/24/12 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1B)
AND SOFT)a Precise Fenazaquin Magus 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A)
Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A) Fenpyroximate Akari 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A)
Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting Hexythiazox Hexygon 12 hours Growth and embryogenesis inhibitor (10A)
hormone
Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) Ancora 4 hours
Strain 97
Buprofezin Talus 12 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (16) Metarhizium anisopliae Strain
Met52 4 hours
Clarified hydrophobic extract of F52
Triact 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
neem oil Mineral oil Ultra-Pure Oil/SuffOil-X 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
Cyantraniliprole Mainspring 4 hours Selective activation of ryanodine receptors (28) Potassium salts of fatty acids M-Pede 12 hours Desiccation or membrane disruptor
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) Pyridaben Sanmite 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A)
Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A) Spiromesifen Savate 12 hours Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (23)
Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (23)
Flonicamid Aria 12 hours
modulator (29)
THRIPS Abamectin Avid 12 hours GABA chloride channel activator (6)
Acephate Orthene/1300 Orthene TR/ 24/24/12 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1B)
Kinoprene Enstar 4 hours Juvenile hormone mimic (7A)
Precise
Mineral oil Ultra-Pure Oil/SuffOil-X 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor q Acetamiprid TriStar 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
Ecdysone antagonist: inhibits action of molting Cyantraniliprole Mainspring 4 hours Selective activation of ryanodine receptors (28)
hormone
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA BotaniGard 4 hours
Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor + GABA Cyfluthrin + Imidaclorpid Discus 12 hours
Bifenazate + Abamectin Sirocco 12 hours acetylcholine receptor modulator (3A + 4A)
Diflubenzuron Adept 12 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (15)
Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Dinotefuran Safari 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
Fenazaquin Magus 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A)
Cyantraniliprole Mainspring 4 hours Selective activation of ryanodine receptors (28)
Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ
Cyfluthrin Decathlon 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) Flonicamid Aria 12 hours
modulator (29)
Prolong opening of sodium channels + nicotinic Flupyradifurone Altus 4 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4D)
Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ
Flonicamid Aria 12 hours Isaria fumosorosea Apopka
modulator (29) Ancora 4 hours
Isaria fumosoroseus Strain FE Strain 97
NoFly 4 hours Isaria fumosoroseus Strain FE
9901 NoFly 4 hours
9901
Metarhizium anisopliae Strain
Metarhizium anisopliae Strain Met52 4 hours
Met52 4 hours F52
F52
Methiocarb Mesurol 24 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1A)
a Refer to label for specific scale species. Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ TRPV
Pyrethrins Pyrethrum 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) Pymetrozine Endeavor 12 hours
1 GABA=Gamma-aminobutyric acid. channel modulator (9B)
2 Additional azadirachtin products include the following: AzaGuard, Aza-Direct, and AzaSol.
Pyridalyl Overture 12 hours Unknown mode of action Pyrethrins Pyrethrum 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/agonist Pyridaben Sanmite 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A)
For more information contact
Spinetoram + Sulfoxaflor XXpire 12 hours and GABA chloride channel activator + nicotinic
Dr. Raymond A. Cloyd, Professor and Extension Specialist in Horticultural Entomology/ Selective feeding blocker/chordotonal organ TRPV
acetylcholine receptor modulator (5 + 4C) Pyrifluquinazon Rycar 12 hours
Plant Protection at Kansas State University, channel modulator (9B)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/agonist Department
Spinosad Conserve 4 hours
and GABA chloride channel activator (5) Pyriproxyfenof Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4004
Distance/Fulcrum 12 hours Juvenile hormone mimic (7C)
Phone: (785) 532-4750; Email: rcloyd@ksu.edu
Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (23) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor disruptor/agonist
Spinetoram
Updated: May+6,Sulfoxaflor
2016 XXpire 12 hours and GABA chloride channel activator + nicotinic
Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) acetylcholine receptor modulator (5 + 4C)
Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A) Spiromesifen Savate 12 hours Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (23)
Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A) Spirotetramat Kontos 24 hours Lipid biosynthesis inhibitor (23)
WHITEFLIES Abamectin Avid 12 hours GABA chloride channel activator (6) Tau-fluvalinate Mavrik 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A)
Acephate Orthene/1300 Orthene TR/ 24/24/12 hours Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (1B) Thiamethoxam Flagship 12 hours Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator (4A)
Precise
Tolfenpyrad Hachi-Hachi 12 hours Mitochondria electron transport inhibitor (21A)
hormone
Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA BotaniGard 4 hours a Refer to label for specific scale species.
1 GABA=Gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Bifenthrin Attain TR/Talstar 12 hours Prolong opening of sodium channels (3A) 2 Additional azadirachtin products include the following: AzaGuard, Aza-Direct, and AzaSol.
Bifenazate + Abamectin Sirocco 12 hours For more information contact Dr. Raymond A. Cloyd, Professor and Extension Specialist in Horticultural Entomology/Plant Protection at Kansas State University,
Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4004
Buprofezin Talus 12 hours Chitin synthesis inhibitor (16) Phone: (785) 532-4750; Email: rcloyd@ksu.edu
Clarified hydrophobic extract of Updated: August 4, 2017
Triact 4 hours Suffocation or membrane disruptor
neem oil
The Basics of Building an RMP If you know a crop will likely be susceptible to a cer-
tain disease, you’ll want to make a well-timed preven-
Orkestra Intrinsic brand fungicide
Controls Gray Mold on Hybrid Lily
tative application prior to detectible infection, which
Dr. Kathie E. Kalmowitz, BASF Technical Specialist is the best course of action. You can use a lower rate Decree
on the label rate range. Also, you could possibly expect 24 oz
good initial residual from this application. By keeping
Learn how to develop a Resistance Management Keeping good records of a crop during scouting is especially plants in early production clean, you have more plants
Program for your operation so that you’re ready helpful when introducing a new variety or plant species into Mural
that finish and go to market. 7 oz
for whatever disease pressures come your way. the operation. If it’s a new crop, note whether or not there’s
potential for specific disease problems. Get a second opinion
Additionally, with a new introduction, growers are opening If you do end up seeing a disease that you don’t know, Orkestra
When it comes to controlling the many different types of Intrinsic
diseases that your crops may be susceptible to it’s important to themselves up to having to deal with new diseases that they you should do two things: you may protect the plants
8 fl oz
have a comprehensive plan of action to allow you to send the may not have had experience with. Part of what an RMP is, is with a broad-spectrum fungicide, however, prior to
best plants into the market and to conserve your input, such as knowing how to grow your crops under optimal conditions, spraying, you should send a sample to your diagnostic
Check
chemicals and labor. Here’s what you must consider to create a including fertility and light levels, overall soil-type mix and clinic of choice. As a grower, you should have at least w/Infection
plan that’ll ensure crop success. more. Following recommendations from the breeder or produc- two clinics that you can depend on. Choose a place
er will reduce the crop’s potential to develop disease. Growing a where you know you can either have a one-to-one 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
What’s an RMP? plant under optimum conditions to be the healthiest it can be is conversation or where you can get a diagnosis with-
A Resistance Management Program (RMP) is a plan that covers in 24 to 48 hours. A disease can move through a crop Disease Severity Scale (1 - 10) at 8 Days after Application #3
always one of the best ways to manage your crop and hopefully
all aspects of a disease outbreak in your operation. A success- quickly—you might need a rapid turnaround on the
have few pest problems. N. Catlin, Cornell Long Island Extension, IR-4 Supported trial, 2014.
ful RMP encompasses everything from prevention—including diagnosis, so establish your operation with a clinic and
Start clean, end clean Botrytis elliptica on hybrid lily ‘Vermeer’. Rate per 100 gal.
scouting, sanitation and record keeping—to the use and rotation diagnostician.
of products to eradicate disease and decrease the risk of resis- Prevention methods are always first choice in an RMP. There- In addition, by sending a sample to a lab, you may
tance development. fore, preventative treatments and practices are essential. discover that the disease present is extremely specific
A good RMP also covers fungicides, insecticides and herbi- Disease always takes the host plant, then it takes presence of to only one or two products in the marketplace. As a
cides. We want you to look at what you’re trying to control and the pathogen and then it takes the environment. If you don’t result, you’ll have a more focused plan of treatment.
then choose products that’ll provide a very high level of control have those three essential elements working together, then you Orkestra Intrinsic brand fungicide
on what’s targeted. don’t have disease development. In addition to growing under Curative control Control of Anthracnose on Sansevieria
optimal conditions, sanitation is another way to prevent the Using products as a rescue puts a lot of pressure on the
Scouting and record keeping triggering of a disease in your crop. chemistry to control that pathogen. However, if preven- Palladium
No matter which crop(s) you’re working with, it’s important to tion methods fail and a disease does impact your crop,
Crops that are high risk for disease should be placed on 6 oz
know the history of the crops you’re producing. This informa- then it’s advantageous to develop a rotation that will
benches in distinct locations where water, spacing, air move-
tion helps you develop a spreadsheet or matrix where you know bring the problem under control with as little plant loss
ment and other environmental conditions can be controlled.
for a fact that as you grow the plant from a rooted cutting or a as possible. Compass O
Segmenting the crop in such a way also allows for additional 4 oz
plug to finish, this crop has the potential to become infected If you continue to use a product with poor expect-
scouting, so any disease that does occur can be contained more
with specific diseases. ed results, you need to examine the use of this prod-
efficiently. Orkestra
uct in your operation and your application methods—
Intrinsic
and get additional help. Don’t just continue to use 8 fl oz
Orkestra Intrinsic Provides Preventative vs. Curative Control of Alternaria spp. that product. Similar to insect or weed control, having
three different chemicals with different modes of Untreated
Pictures and trial courtesy of D. Norman, 2016.

action is a good rule of thumb for good chemical rota- w/Infection
tion and a resistance management. Chemical groups
and modes of action are included on product labels, 0 10 20 30 40 50
so refer to the label when planning your rotation. Severity of Infection (%)
Products that are broad spectrum, like Pageant
Intrinsic brand fungicide or Orkestra Intrinsic brand A. Palmateer, Univ. of FL, Homestead, IR-4 Supported Trial, 2015.
fungicide, are good for your line-up because they have Two applications at rate per 100 gal
activity on all four major fungal classes important in ornamen-
Photo courtesy of A. Palmateer.

tal programs. However, it’s beneficial to have a mix of products
because some products have differences in activity on specific
host plants and pathogens.
Residual control is dependent on the fungicide and the infec-
tion pressure, plant stage and all growing conditions. The labels
are written with realistic and tested application intervals and are
a good guide for growers to follow when making any fungicide
application. When you’re forced to make those early curative
applications, you must use the higher rate on the label under
the rate range and expect to do a repeat application on a shorter
interval. Noting these two points are important to directly help in
managing potential resistance to specific pathogens.
For more tips about disease prevention and BASF products,
Preventative Application: No leaf spot Curative Application: New growth is infection-free
visit betterplants.basf.us. Always read and follow label
Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria tenuissima) on Pittosporum. directions.
Downy Mildew: Conditions and Controls
Dr. Kathie E. Kalmowitz, BASF Technical Specialist
Q: What environmental conditions favor downy Q: Control—where do you begin? Control of Downy Mildew on Impatiens
mildew development? A: Preventative control is the best strategy. If the
A: The pathogen is very dependent on environmental greenhouse atmosphere can be manipulated to be Segway*
0
conditions for disease development. Downy less humid, this can help prevent downy mildew. 3.5 fl oz
mildews require high relative humidity throughout However, if downy mildews are prevalent in your
disease development, and growth, sporulation and particular geography, then prevention may also Orkestra
Intrinsic 0
development will cease when conditions become involve chemical protection. 10 fl oz
too dry. The high relative humidity commonly found This brings to mind the second key distinction
Photo courtesy of Dr. Janna Beckerman, Purdue University.

in plant production areas creates a perfect downy of downy mildew control versus control of other Check
mildew environment. pathogens that might be encountered in production w/Infection
environments. Downy mildews must be controlled
Q: Since high relative humidity is essential for with what are referred to as “specialist” fungicides. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
downy mildew development, can a grower Since downy mildews are considered “water molds,”
Percent Sporulation (%) at 8 Days After Application #1
use environmental conditions and production not all fungicides available will provide control. A
management to their advantage in the production “specialist” product that controls downy mildew M. Hausbeck, Michigan State Univ., 2014.
environment? should be one that reduces and stops sporulation *Segway applied as a drench and Orkestra applied as a foliar
of the pathogen. An anti-sporulant will shut down application one time at rate per 100 gal.
A: Yes. In greenhouse production, downy mildew can
the epidemic quicker, thus preventing spores from
be managed to some extent. If susceptible species are
germinating, infecting and reproducing.
being grown, it can be helpful to keep the atmosphere
Infection may be actively occurring at the time
dry. Both humid and moderate temperature growing
of treatment, so it’s important to combine the initial
conditions will favor the pathogens development. In Downy mildew on rudbeckia.
application with a contact fungicide or “generalist.”
outside production areas, however, manipulation of
The grower needs to recognize that a product
humidity and air temperature isn’t possible. In many
that controls powdery mildews must also list downy
growing areas, the time period for downy mildew
mildew, but they’re distinctly different fungal species.
infections may be short, but can occur several times
Examples of downy mildew fungi include: Bremia,
during the year.

Peronospora, Plasmopara and Psuedoperonospora,
Additionally, spores can survive without infecting
spp. Remember, if the label doesn’t specifically list
plant material if unfavorable environmental condi-
tions are present.
downy mildew species, it won’t have activity on
these fungi.

Q: Are downy mildew spores spread through the air
Q: How easily can you identify these “specialist”
if they’re present in the environment?
products?
A: Yes. Downy mildew can spread rapidly via wind-
blown spores. Knowing when the pathogen spores are
A: There are several strong chemistries in the
market currently making it easy to implement a
present is critical to disease management, especially if
good preventative, early curative program for downy
the crop plants are downy mildew hosts.
mildew control.
Downy mildews primarily infect the above-ground
BASF offers Stature SC “specialist” fungicide.
plant parts, including leaves, flowers, stems and
Towards the infection period, Stature SC can be
fruits. Downy mildew can be particularly damaging in Downy mildew on lamium.
combined with a broader spectrum fungicide, like
ornamentals since it systematically infects the plants.
Pageant Intrinsic brand fungicide in bedding plant
Symptoms like discolored patches on leaf surfaces can
production or Orkestra Intrinsic brand fungicide in
appear mosaic-like on the upper leaf surfaces and the Q: What plant species are recognized as susceptible to downy mildew?
the nursery or longer-term crops. These products can
spores can appear on the under-side of the leaves as Downy mildew spores can appear on the under-side of the leaves as fuzzy A: In annual plant production, Impatiens walleriana species and
also be combined with mancozeb or chlorothalonil if
fuzzy white, downy clusters. white, downy clusters. coleus have been studied and documented most frequently in recent
signs of downy mildew infection are present at the
Leaf symptoms may appear uncharacteristically years. The downy mildew species infecting these plants are different
time of application.
not white and fuzzy when you observe downy mildew Despite being spread via wind, it’s still important to practice plant and the environmental conditions for optimal infection differ as well.
Other specialist fungicides that can be consid-
signs of the fungus on coleus, impatiens and a woody residue sanitation in production areas. Downy mildew spores can per- Other susceptible annuals include pansy and snapdragon. Susceptible
ornamental like viburnum. ered are Adorn or Segovis. These two products are
sist on plant residue and dead tissue. in different mode-of-action groups and can be used perennials include aster, coreopsis, geum, lupines, rudbeckia and
These symptoms don’t present on all plant species Check with your local land grant university to see if they’re involved veronica. Downy mildew can be a major production disease in woody
the same way. For example, on certain plant species to build an effective fungicide rotation program.
with spore monitoring. This practice can give growers time to take Several other broad-spectrum fungicides, including plant production, particularly in Viburnum spp. Downy mildew is
like coleus, impatiens or viburnum, the symptoms preventative measures to protect susceptible crops. This is particularly host specific with roses and occurs from stems to all plant parts.
don’t appear white or fuzzy. Although infection doesn’t Strike Plus, may be utilized to combine two modes of
important to track spore counts if ornamental greenhouses are sur- action—one of which controls downy mildew and the Preventative protection is required.
look the same on all plant species, severe infection can rounded by large fruit and vegetable production areas. To read more As winter progresses and temperatures and humidity fluctuate in
result in complete defoliation and, ultimately, plant other controls various other species of fungi.
about these monitoring programs, consult universities such as Cornell your operation, be aware that conditions favoring downy mildew can be
death. and Michigan State that have active programs. present.
Five Cultural Practices That Will
Improve Disease Management
Jen Browning, BASF Technical Specialist
Integrate these steps into your IPM program to

keep plants healthy and thriving.
Always have staff
While topics of new chemistries, technology and equipment are and guests wear
popular points of discussion in the green industry, the truth is protective clothing
the cleanest greenhouses are practicing good sanitation. Cou- in the greenhouse.
pled with proper applications and updated tools, keeping a clean
house will be your best bet to thwart damaging diseases. Here
are five tips for success:
1. Ensure your cuttings are healthy. If you’re purchasing
cuttings from a supplier, confirm that you’re receiving disease-
free material. That’s a significant source of disease coming in
right at the start of propagation, then staying in the production
cycle. As an extra precaution, you can quarantine new cuttings
by separating them out from your main production area to
confirm they’re clean or to treat them.
2. Store media properly. If you know your media will be in
storage for a period of time before it’s used, keep it sealed in its
packaging, away from production areas and protected from the
elements. Sometimes media will get opened and dumped into
bins where it will be fed into filling machines, and that leaves
it very exposed. If it sits that way in an open planting shed, you
have a tremendous amount of wind and air movement.
3. Keep clean containers. As you pull plants out of
containers that will be reused, gather those containers in
one place and sanitize them before placing them back into
rotation. With equipment, a standard routine helps—schedule Fast control. Long residual.
Great performance.
a particular day of the month where major equipment is wiped
down and cleaned and planting areas are sanitized. You’ll want
to implement more frequent cleaning with smaller items like
hand-pruners, cutting instruments or grafting blades that make
contact with plants more often.
4. Manage plant waste. Weeds under benches, in
walkways and in other areas of the greenhouse may harbor
weed seed, insect pests, mites and diseases. Additionally,
plants that are pulled for not meeting quality standards
can also present a danger to plants in production—they
may provide a refuge or food source for pests. When you’re
People act as throwing plants out, place them in a sealed container or bag.
vectors that can Some places will use a regular residential trash can with a lid
carry pests from on it, and that’s fine, but it needs to be emptied and removed
clothes or shoes from the greenhouse on a regular basis because people will
to equipment forget and leave the lid off. Orkestra Intrinsic brand fungicide provides fast, long-lasting disease control
and plants, so
5. Limit unnecessary greenhouse foot traffic. People during the production cycle. Two modes of action perform in unison for protection
foot baths are
always a smart
act as vectors that can carry pests from clothes or shoes to against top-of-mind diseases like Botrytis spp., rust, powdery mildew, and
thing to have. equipment and plants. Depending on the type of crop you’re
producing, you may want to have guests step through a Thielaviopsis spp.* This exceptional performer also delivers plant health benefits,
wind block or wear protective clothing and footwear before including denser, stronger roots that promote resilience to stress for healthy,
entering the greenhouse. While it’s very common in vegetable
production greenhouses, you also see it in places where high-quality crops.
tropicals are produced—often those that are from tissue
culture, like orchids, since plants from tissue culture are more Visit betterplants.basf.us to learn more.
susceptible to infections and predation by insects.
22 GROWERTALKS 2017-2018 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide Always read and follow label directions. GROWERTALKS 2017-2018 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 23
* Provides suppression of Thielaviopsis. Orkestra is a trademark and Intrinsic is a registered trademark of BASF. © 2017 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.
Perennials Management: Fusarium & Phytophthora Rust: How to Spot and Handle It Quickly
Jen Browning, BASF Technical Specialist Jen Browning, BASF Technical Specialist
Dealing with disease issues Prepare to tackle this quick-moving
Photos courtesy of Dr. Janna Beckerman, Purdue University.
Photo: Geoff Kidd, Photo Researchers

for the mid to late season. plant disease with these tips.
Q: What products can I use to prevent and/or suppress It can be easy to miss the signs of rust at first glance because it
soilborne diseases like Fusarium and Phytophthora in my gets its start on the undersides of leaves. When the disease has
perennials? spread to multiple leaves, it will start to be apparent on the top of
A: The organisms that cause these diseases are present in the the leaves with pitting and discoloration, and can be so disfiguring
natural environment and young plants are susceptible to four that there’s no bringing plants back.
common soilborne diseases: Fusarium, Pythium, Phytophthora Rust has a broad range of hosts and appears in different forms,
and Rhizoctonia. Whether you’re starting seeds, sticking including orange, black and grey rust pustules. It will also utilize
cuttings, transplanting plugs or finishing, young plants don’t multiple hosts, spending alternating seasons on different plants.
have a store of reserves or a large root system to fight off In this scenario, you’re not just managing the disease on one host,
diseases. but multiple hosts and throughout the year.
Young perennials will face pressure from disease in the
nursery growing environment, but also at the garden center
Treating rust
Some products will provide early curative ability to stop the pro-
and in the landscape after they’re planted. This is why plants
gression of rust so quickly that the plant can grow past it. This is
are commonly treated with broad-spectrum fungicides that
possible only when pressure is low—before its pathogen pressure
protect against these common diseases early, as well as disease
surges and leaves become engulfed. Maybe you’ve noticed the
pressure that may come later. Program approaches work best
early signs of rust developing and you’ve not treated those plants;
to control Fusarium and Phytophthora in perennials, and good
that’s a scenario where Orkestra Intrinsic brand fungicide can
cultural practices like sanitation and careful water management
stop the disease and the plants will outgrow the damage. When
will help your fungicide program work even better.
plants have waxier or thicker foliage, incorporating an adjuvant
Empress Intrinsic brand fungicide protects plants from soil- Hypericum rust (Melampsora hypericorum).
will help to manage rust infections.
borne diseases with a drench application that provides excellent
root protection and plant health benefits. Pageant Intrinsic brand An end-of-production exception
Photo: Nigel Cattlin, Visuals Unlimited.

fungicide protects plants top and bottom, with over 26 foliar and When a grower is going to carry plants over winter, they may be
root diseases on the label. Our newest disease control solution— a little more tolerant of damage from pathogens or insects late in
Orkestra Intrinsic brand fungicide—provides preventive, early the season. They have time the following spring—particularly with
curative and residual control of key ornamental diseases. a preventive program as soon as plants emerge from dormancy.
The Intrinsic family of fungicides from BASF delivers Some growers might also include dormant sprays for woody
excellent protection from disease and plant health benefits to perennials as part of their disease IPM programs.
help speed recovery from stressors like cold, heat, drought and
shipping.
Photo: Nigel Cattlin, Visuals Unlimited.

Phytophthora root rot in Hellebore from top to bottom.
Photo: Nigel Cattlin, Visuals Unlimited
Rust on Hollyhock. Rose rust (Phragmidium tuberculatum).
Fusarium on Freesia corms. Phytophthora ramorum on Viburnum.
Important Disease Control Facts
Disease Symptoms Conditions that Promote Disease Common Hosts Disease Symptoms Conditions that Promote Disease Common Hosts
Anthracnose Anthracnose can cause discrete leaf spots, Warm, moist conditions with high Cyclamen, many woody plants, Phytophthora Root and Mainly attacks crown and stems; roots are Generally the same as Pythium. Worst Gerbera daisy, poinsettia, pansy, African
(Colletotrichum) blight of stems and leaves. The fungus forms humidity favor disease development. Avoid mandevilla, sansevieria, palms, hosta, Crown Rot brown and disintegrate. Plant dies suddenly. disease usually under high temperatures violet, lavender, annual vinca, azalea,
masses of pinkish-orange spores in the wounding and over-fertilization. aglaonema, pansy, spathiphyllum, when plants are stressed. gardenia, liriope, petunia, spathiphyllum
affected area. The spots are often round and hydrangea, cordyline, ficus, anthurium
the fruiting bodies form in concentric rings in Powdery Mildew Fluffy white patches on upper leaf surface, Favored by warm days and cool, Gerbera, petunia, rosemary, rose,
the dead tissue. They are black and resemble turning gray with age. Can also infect stems damp nights; free water inhibits spore verbena, poinsettia, begonia, hydrangea,
pin cushions when viewed with a hand lens. and flower petals when severe. germination. This fungus can infect at low dahlia, lonicera, sedum, kalanchoe,
relative humidity and is common in spring coreopsis, scabiosa
Bacterial Leaf Spot Small, angular, water-soaked lesions High humidity, wet leaf surfaces. Splashing Zinnia, snapdragon, basil, ivy, begonia, and fall.
(Pseudomonas, sometimes surrounded by a purple or yellow water moves bacteria and allows infection poinsettia, impatiens, rosemary,
Xanthomonas) halo on leaves. Spots start yellow or light of new leaves. Reducing nitrogen may lavender, hydrangea, diffenbachia, Pythium Root Rot Damping off; lower leaves yellow and wilt; Over-watering and over-fertilization may Geranium, chrysanthemum, calibrachoa,
green, to dark brown or black. When conditions reduce many bacterial diseases. aglaonema, anthurium stunting; root rot with – outer cortex easily predispose plants to infection. Can be all seed propagated bedding plants, ivy,
are unfavorable they may appear tan. removed; irregular growth. spread by irrigation water especially pothos
when recycled or in ebb and flood. Poorly
draining potting media and reuse of potting
Bacterial Soft Rot Watery decay of any plant tissue; rotten fish Bacterium is ubiquitous in environment. Poinsettia, orchids, many foliage plants
media or dirty containers.
(Pectobacterium odor; rapid collapse of plant (meltdown). Too much water or nitrogen promotes – relatively rare on bedding or woody
=Erwinia) disease. plants Rhizoctonia Crown Rot Damping off; infection starts at soil-line and Very wide host range and survives in plant Chrysanthemum, celosia,
and Aerial Blight can cause constriction (wire stem); rotted debris and soil on benches, floors and osteospermum, annual vinca, rosemary,
Botrytis Blight Symptoms vary with host and tissue invaded; High humidity more than 85%; poor air Nearly all plants – especially in
crown (shredded, dry-appearance); roots pots. Web blight occurs often under high garden and New Guinea impatiens,
(gray mold) leaf spots; bud rot; flower blight; cutting rot; circulation; 70 to 77F optimum temp for propagation or when flowering
sometimes affected. Brown, irregular-shaped temperatures but decreases when they are hydrangea, poinsettia and many foliage
stem canker, stem and crown rot; proliferation spore germination; spores must have free
spots can develop on leaves and stems. Aerial over 95F. Plant crowding increases disease plants including ferns.
of fluffy, brown/gray fungal mycelium moisture to germinate; old flowers and
web blight can develop when the fungus grows spread and severity.
containing spores; damping-off. decaying vegetation source of spores;
from the potting medium surface into the plant
rapidly colonizes wounded tissue.
canopy.
Downy Mildew White/purple/gray fuzz (spores) on undersides Favored by high humidity, long durations of Bracteantha, coleus, garden impatiens, Rust Chlorotic spots appear on tops of leaves. Infect under mild, moist conditions. Spores Dianthus, geranium, snapdragon,
of leaves. Yellowish or pale green mottling leaf wetness and cool weather (60 to 74F snapdragon, veronica, pansy, agastache,
Yellow, orange or brown spore masses or easily spread in air currents. heuchera, daylily, grasses, rose,
on upper leaf surface. On garden impatiens, daytime). Can survive in plant debris in soil. rudbeckia, digitalis, hebe, galium,
pustules form on the underside of the leaf and penstemon and other herbaceous
foliage appears to have yellow stippling similar Spores are spread by splashing water and lamium, basil, rose, salvia
erupt through the leaf tissue. On geranium and perennials
to spider mite injury. Downward curling of air currents. Increasingly detected during
snapdragon, pustules can form in a bullseye
leaves. Emerging leaves may be small or warm months and in warmer regions.
pattern.
discolored. Can become systemic in plants,
resulting in stunting or distorted new growth. Sclerotinia Blight Water-soaked spots on the stems or leaves Spread is primarily by airborne spores. Lobelia, marigold, petunia, zinnia
(White Mold) become covered in a white cottony mass of High soil moisture, high humidity and cool (most bedding and flowering plants),
Fungal Leafspots Round to irregular leaf spots; often with a Prolonged leaf wetness, high humidity Nearly all plants get one or more fungal
fungal mycelium. The plant rapidly becomes temperatures favor disease development osteospermum, lilies, iris, delphinium
(Alternaria, Cercospora, border (red/purple/brown). Center of lesions and warm temperatures favor most fungal leaf spot diseases.
soft and slimy. Hard black structures (sclerotia) often as spring turns into summer.
Helminthosporium, becomes tan with age; size of lesion increases leafspot diseases.
that resemble rat droppings develop usually at
Corynespora, Septoria, over time. Fruiting bodies may be present
the edge of the dead zone.
Phyllosticta) within lesion.
Thielaviopsis Root Rot Yellow, stunted growth; black root rot; wilting. Potting medium pH above 5.5 can be Calibrachoa, pansy, petunia, annual
Foliar Nematodes Pattern of damage is stripes or patchwork Spread by vegetative propagation, Ferns, hosta, heuchera and many other (Black Root Rot) found in some peat mixes. Temperature vinca
and easily confused with bacterial leaf spots. splashing water, plant-to-plant contact, herbaceous perennials
stress.
Leaves turn yellow and eventually brown and worker movement and tools.
die. Tospoviruses (INSV and Symptoms vary with host; yellow or necrotic Transmission from infected to healthy Many plants including impatiens
TSWV) spots on stems or leaves; leaf mosaic; black plants via thrips; introduction into the (common and New Guinea), cyclamen,
Fusarium Stem Rot Lower leaves yellow and dry; can be followed Fungus may be present on seed coats or Chrysanthemum, cyclamen, gerbera,
leaf spots; black ring spots; line patterns, greenhouse via infected plants or insect gloxinia, aster, begonia, cineraria, dahlia,
or Wilt by rapid wilting of the one side of the plant is in stems of symptomless cuttings. Drought lisianthus, pansy, annual vinca, cacti and
overall yellowing; stunting. In some plants wilt vector – several types of thrips including kalanchoe, lisianthus, lupine, nemesia,
common. Vascular system has reddish-brown or flowering stress can result in rapid succulents
occurs. Western flower thrips. ranunculus, chrysanthemum, orchids
streaks. Yellowing and stunting of older plants. and severe symptoms. Can be spread by
Crown rot may occur with reddish coloration at fungus gnats. Spores and fungal fragments Tobacco Mosaic Virus Symptoms highly variable but include mosaic, Vegetative propagation and mechanical Petunia, tomato, pepper, calibrachoa,
the rotted area. move via irrigation water. (TMW) stunting, distortion and tan spots. Symptoms movement (on benches or cutting tools) phlox, orchids to name the most
may disappear but the plants remain infected. most important means of spread. Can common
Myrothecium Crown Petioles rot at the soil line, leaf collapses. Warm, moist, humid conditions favor New Guinea impatiens, pansy,
clean benches and tools with various
Rot, Leaf Spot and Circular leaf spots initially appear water- infection and disease development. syngonium, dieffenbachia, aglaonema,
disinfestants and nonfat dry milk.
Petiole Rot soaked, and eventually turn brown or light tan Wounds are quickly colonized by this ferns, gardenia
in color. Dark green-to-black masses of spores soilborne fungus. It is often spread on
surrounded by a white fringe appear on upper symptomless infected cuttings.
surfaces within the dead tissue. They are often
formed in a ring spot pattern.
Chemical Class Chart for Ornamental Fungicides Chemical Class Chart for Ornamental Fungicides
FRAC group Chemical Class Active Ingredient common name Trade Name FRAC group Chemical Class Active Ingredient common name Trade Name
1 Methyl Benzimidazole Carbamates thiophanate-methyl AllBan Flo, Banrot*, 3336, ConSyst*, OHP 6672, Spectro 90*, M5 (multi-site) Chloronitriles chlorothalonil Clevis*, ConSyst*, Concert II*, Daconil Ultrex, Daconil
(Thiophanates) SysTec 1998, T-Storm, TM 4.5, TM/C*, 26/36*, Zyban* Weatherstik, Echo, Exotherm Termil, Manicure 6FL, Spectro
2 Dicarboximides iprodione Chipco 26019, Lesco 18 Plus, OHP 26GT-O, 26/36* 90*, TM/C*
3 Demethylation Inhibitors (imidazole, fenarimol Rubigan AS, Rubigan EC P5 plant extract complex mixture, ethanol extract Regalia
pyrimidine, triazole) metconazole Tourney U15 piperidinyl-thiazole-isoxazolines oxathiapiprolin Segovis
myclobutanil Clevis*, Eagle, MANhandle*, Systhane Not Classified Microbial/Biopesticides Gliocladium catenulatum (J1446) PreStop
propiconazole Banner MAXX, Concert II* Streptomyces griseoviridis Mycostop
tebuconazole Torque Streptomyces lydicus (strain Actinovate SP
triadimefon Strike 50, Strike Plus WYEC 108)
triflumizole Terraguard Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strain Rootshield

Trichoderma harzianum T22, RootShield Plus*
triticonazole Trinity, Trinity TR
Trichoderma virens G41
4 Phenylamides mefenoxam Subdue GR, Subdue MAXX
Not Classified Inorganic Protectants botanical extract Neem Oil
5 Amines “Morpholines” (Piperadines) piperalin Pipron
hydrogen dioxide Zerotol
7 Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors - SDHI benzovindiflupyr Mural*
hydrogen peroxide X3, Xeroton
(Pyridine carboxamides, phenyl- boscalid Pageant Intrinsic* potassium bicarbonate Armicarb 100, Kaligreen, MilStop
benzamides, pyrazole-4-carboxamides)
flutolanil Contrast 70WSP, ProStar 70WG quaternary ammoniums KleenGrow
fluxapyroxad Orkestra Intrinsic * * Indicates a product that contains more than one active ingredient in a pre-pack mixture.
9 Anilinopyrimidines cyprodinil Palladium*
11 QoI-fungicides (strobilurins) azoxystrobin Heritage, Mural*
fluoxastrobin Disarm
Dilution Tables*
Pageant® Intrinsic® brand fungicide (1.0 ounce = 28.35 gram)
pyraclostrobin Pageant Intrinsic*, Empress Intrinsic, Orkestra Intrinsic*
Use Rate (fl oz product) Spray Volume Rate (g) — Pageant Intrinsic brand fungicide
trifloxystrobin Compass
/ 100 gal / 100 gal / 50 gal / 10 gal / 2 gal
Imidazolinone fenamidone Fenstop
6 oz 170 g 85 g 17 g 3g
12 Phenylpyrroles fludioxonil Medallion WDG, Palladium*
14 Aromatic Hydrocarbons (chlorophenyl) dicloran Botran 8 oz 227 g 114 g 23 g 5g
pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) Terraclor 12 oz 341 g 171 g 34 g 7g
Thiadiazole etridiazole Banrot*, Terrazole, Terrazole CA, Truban 16 oz 454 g 227 g 46 g 9g
17 Hydroxyanalide fenhexamide Decree
19 Polyoxins polyoxin - D Affirm WDG Empress® Intrinsic brand fungicide (29.57 mL = 1.0 fl ounce)
21 Quinone inside inhibitors (Cyano-imidazole) cyazofamid Segway O Use Rate (fl oz product) Spray Volume Rate (mL) — Empress Intrinsic brand fungicide
28 Carbamate propamocarb Banol / 100 gal / 100 gal / 50 gal / 10 gal / 2 gal
33 Phosphonates fosetyl-Al Aliette 2 fl oz 59 mL 30 mL 6 mL 1 mL
phosphorous acid, potassium Alude, Biophos, Fosphite, Reliant, Vital 3 fl oz 89 mL 44 mL 9 mL 2 mL
phosphite
4 fl oz 118 mL 59 mL 12 mL 2.4 mL
40 Carboxylic Acid Amines dimethomorph Stature SC, Orvego*
(cinnamic acid amides, mandelic acid 6 fl oz 177 mL 89 mL 18 mL 4 mL
mandipropamid Micora
amides)
43 Benzamides (Pyridinemethyl-benzamides) fluopicolide Adorn * Rates are rounded to nearest whole number.
44 Microbials Bacillus amyloliquifaciens (D747) Triathlon BA Always read and follow label directions.
44 Microbials Bacillus subtilis (QST 713) Cease, Companion Non-BASF products are included in this guide to provide a rotation of products with known efficacy, good plant safety and different modes of action. Always evaluate products that
are new to your operation for safety on the plant species and cultivars you grow, and under your specific growing conditions prior to large-scale application.
Bacillus subtilis (MBI600) Subtilex NG Orkestra is a trademark, and Empress, Intrinsic, Orvego, Pageant, Stature, Trinity, Attain, Sultan, Pylon, DuraGuard, Subtilex and Ultra-Pure are registered trademarks of BASF.
45 Quinone x Inhibitor ametoctradin Orvego* Aliette, Banol, Chipco, Rhapsody and Serenade are registered trademarks of Bayer Environmental Science. Cease is a registered trademark of BioWorks, Inc. Segway is a
trademark of FMC Corporation. Spectro is a registered trademark of Cleary Chemical LLC. OHP 6672 is a trademark, and Terraguard and Terrazole are registered trademarks
M1 (multi-site) Inorganics copper salts Camelot O, Champion, Copper-Count N, CuPro 5000,
Cuproxat, Junction*, Nordox, Nu-Cop, Phyton 27, Phyton 35 of OHP, Inc. Phyton 27 is a registered trademark of Phyton Corporation. Banrot and Truban are registered trademarks of Scotts Sierra Crop Protection Company. Camelot and
Junction are trademarks of SePRO Corporation. Daconil, Medallion, Taegro and Palladium are registered trademarks of Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC. Tame is a registered
M3 (multi-site) Dithiocarbamate mancozeb Clevis*, Dithane, Fore, Junction*, Pentathlon, Protect, Zyban* trademark of Valent USA LLC Professional Products.
© 2017 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.
Foliar Diseases Crown, Root and Soilborne Diseases
Rotate products per recommended guidelines for superior preventive and early curative control of the pathogens in these charts. Intrinsic® brand fungicides from Production Ornamentals 8-10 weeks of protection
BASF deliver both exceptional disease control and plant health.
Target Rotation 1 Rotation 2 Rotation 3 Rotation 4
Production Ornamentals 8-10 weeks of protection
Crown and Basal Rots, Soilborne5
Target Rotation 1 Rotation 2 Rotation 3 Rotation 4 Preventive Pageant® Intrinsic® brand Trinity® fungicide 8-12 fl oz or Cleary’s 3336, OHP 6672 Pageant Intrinsic brand
Anthracnose fungicide 12 oz or Empress® Medallion fungicide 12 oz or Empress
Intrinsic brand fungicide Intrinsic brand fungicide
Preventive Pageant® Intrinsic® brand Phyton 273, copper or Trinity® fungicide 8-12 fl oz Pageant Intrinsic brand
3-6 fl oz 3-6 fl oz
fungicide 18 oz mancozeb fungicide 18 oz
Early curative Terraguard or Medallion Cleary’s 3336, OHP 6672 Pageant Intrinsic brand Terraguard or Medallion
Early curative Phyton 27, copper or Pageant Intrinsic brand Spectro Pageant Intrinsic brand
fungicide 12 oz or Empress
mancozeb fungicide 18 oz + mancozeb fungicide 18 oz
Intrinsic brand fungicide
Shipping protection 1-3 weeks Spectro or Phyton 273 Pageant Intrinsic brand 3-6 fl oz
before shipping fungicide 12 oz
Shipping protection 1-3 weeks Terraguard or Medallion Pageant Intrinsic brand
Downy mildew before shipping fungicide 12 oz
Preventive Stature® SC fungicide Segway O or Aliette Stature SC fungicide Pageant Intrinsic brand Phytophthora6
6.12 fl oz 6.12 fl oz fungicide 14 oz
Preventive Orvego® fungicide Pageant Intrinsic brand Orvego fungicide Pageant Intrinsic brand
Early curative Segway O + mancozeb Mancozeb + Aliette Stature SC fungicide 11-14 fl oz fungicide 12-18 oz or Empress 11-14 fl oz fungicide 12-18 oz or Empress
12.25 fl oz Intrinsic brand fungicide Intrinsic brand fungicide
Shipping protection 1-3 weeks Stature SC fungicide Pageant Intrinsic brand 3-6 fl oz 3-6 fl oz
before shipping 12.25 fl oz fungicide 14 oz Early curative Aliette or Banol Orvego fungicide Aliette or Banol Pageant Intrinsic brand
14 fl oz fungicide 12-18 oz or Empress
Leaf spot complex1
Intrinsic brand fungicide
Preventive Chipco 26019,Cleary’s 3336 Pageant Intrinsic brand Medallion Pageant Intrinsic brand 3-6 fl oz
or OHP 6672 fungicide 8 oz fungicide 8 oz
Shipping protection 1-3 weeks Orvego fungicide Pageant Intrinsic brand
Early curative Daconil or mancozeb Medallion or Chipco 26019 + Pageant Intrinsic brand Pageant Intrinsic brand before shipping 14 fl oz fungicide 12 oz
Daconil or mancozeb fungicide 12 oz + mancozeb fungicide 8-12 oz
Pythium6
Shipping protection 1-3 weeks Chipco 26019 (+ Daconil) Pageant Intrinsic brand
before shipping fungicide 8 oz Preventive Segway O Empress Intrinsic brand Segway O Terrazole or Truban, Banrot or
fungicide 3-6 fl oz Banol
Powdery mildew
Early curative Terrazole or Truban, Banrot or Segway O Empress Intrinsic brand Segway O
Preventive2 Pageant Intrinsic brand Palladium Trinity® fungicide 6-12 fl oz Pageant Intrinsic brand Banol fungicide 3-6 fl oz
fungicide 8-12 oz or Terraguard fungicide 8-12 oz
Shipping protection 1-3 weeks Segway O Empress Intrinsic brand
Early curative2 Terraguard Pageant Intrinsic brand Palladium + mancozeb Pageant Intrinsic brand before shipping fungicide 3-6 fl oz
fungicide 12 oz + mancozeb fungicide 12 oz
Thielaviopsis
Shipping protection 1-3 weeks Terraguard or Palladium Pageant Intrinsic brand
before shipping fungicide 12 oz Preventive and early curative Orkestra™ Intrinsic brand Cleary’s 3336, OHP 6672 or Orkestra Intrinsic brand
fungicide 8-10 fl oz Terraguard fungicide 8-10 fl oz
Rots and Blights, Botrytis
Control of Thielaviopsis spp. is very difficult and is dependent on cultural practices with soil pH and watering management.
Preventive Pageant Intrinsic brand Medallion or Chipco 26019 + Palladium Pageant Intrinsic brand Orkestra Intrinsic brand fungicide is registered as ‘suppression’ of Thielaviopsis.
fungicide 8-12 oz Daconil fungicide 12-14 oz
n Allproduct rates shown are per 100 gallons.
Early curative Chipco 26019 + Daconil Pageant Intrinsic brand Palladium + Daconil Pageant Intrinsic brand
fungicide 12-14 oz fungicide 12-14 oz n The products in these rotations are translaminar and/or systemic and have 7-14 days residual activity, except contact products like mancozeb. With severe
infections and early curative applications, tank mix mancozeb with the recommended fungicide and shorten the interval to 7 days, then apply the second rotation
Shipping protection 1-3 weeks Chipco 26019 or Medallion or Pageant Intrinsic brand
recommendation.
before shipping Palladium fungicide 12-14 oz
n Refer to product labels and recommendations for additional instructions on non-BASF fungicides.
Rust n Additional sprays may be necessary depending on disease spectrum. Rotate chemistries for best program performance.
Preventive Pageant Intrinsic brand Junction, Camelot or Phyton 27 Terraguard Pageant Intrinsic brand
fungicide 6-12 oz fungicide 12 oz
1 Leaf spots are numerous and some are controlled at much lower rates of Pageant Intrinsic brand fungicide, from 4-8 oz/100 gal up to 8-12 oz/100 gal. Consult labels when targeting
Early curative Mancozeb + Terraguard Pageant Intrinsic brand Junction, Camelot or Phyton 27 Pageant Intrinsic brand
your specific leaf spots.
fungicide 12-18 oz + fungicide 12-18 oz
mancozeb
2 Ultra-Pure® Oil horticultural insecticide, miticide and fungicide is labeled for powdery mildew and can be used in production conditions where humidity is below 80%. Ultra-Pure Oil
horticultural insecticide, miticide and fungicide has contact activity on powdery mildew and shines leaves prior to shipping.
Shipping protection 1-3 weeks Terraguard + Phyton 273 Pageant Intrinsic brand 3 Use of Camelot, Junction, mancozeb or Phyton 27 prior to shipping may result in residues. Check labels and test under growing conditions to determine acceptability and plant safety.
before shipping fungicide 12 oz Consult the Phyton 27 label prior to application to confirm plant safety for crop and conditions at time of application. Other bacterial products that are pathogen-specific include Taegro
Bacterial diseases3 or Cease/Rhapsody/Serenade. Test these products on crop under growing conditions to confirm plant safety prior to wide-scale use.
4 Consider Pageant Intrinsic brand fungicide in these rotations to protect plants from fungal diseases that may occur within the same production timing as bacterial infections.
Preventive4 Junction, Camelot or Phyton 27 Cease or Rhapsody (biological) Junction, Camelot or Phyton 27 Cease or Rhapsody (biological)
5 Check product labels for specific pathogens controlled. Does not include Pythium and Phytophthora spp. unless specifically noted.
Early curative4 Junction Camelot or Phyton 27 6 Includes Pythium and Phytophthora spp. but it is product specific. Check labels for specific pathogen to be controlled.
30 GROWERTALKS 2017-2018 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide Always read and follow label directions. GROWERTALKS 2017-2018 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide 31
Empress Intrinsic
®
brand fungicide
Give young plants
and transplants
a healthy start
Right from the start, you work hard to provide young plants with a strong
foundation. Drench applications of Empress Intrinsic brand fungicide provide
protection from root-infecting pathogens in plug, propagation and transplant
stages of production. This innovative fungicide also delivers plant health benefits,
including stronger, denser roots and resilience to stress.
Visit betterplants.basf.us to learn more.
Always read and follow label directions.

Intrinsic and Empress are registered trademarks of BASF. © 2017 BASF Corporation. All rights reserved.

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Cover photo credit: Dr. Raymond A. Cloyd

Joe Lara, Senior Product Manager

Beautiful results. GrowerTalks (ISSN 0276-9433) is published monthly by

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Controls all 5 life stages

4 GROWERTALKS 2017-2018 Insecticide, Miticide & Fungicide Guide GROWERTALKS

Pictures and trial courtesy of D. Norman, 2016.

Photo courtesy of A. Palmateer.

Photo courtesy of Dr. Janna Beckerman, Purdue University.

Photo courtesy of Dr. Janna Beckerman, Purdue University.

Photo courtesy of Dr. Janna Beckerman, Purdue University.

Integrate these steps into your IPM program to

Dealing with disease issues Prepare to tackle this quick-moving

Photos courtesy of Dr. Janna Beckerman, Purdue University.

Photo: Geoff Kidd, Photo Researchers

Photo: Nigel Cattlin, Visuals Unlimited.

Photo: Nigel Cattlin, Visuals Unlimited.

Photo courtesy of Dr. Janna Beckerman, Purdue University.

Rust on Hollyhock. Rose rust (Phragmidium tuberculatum).

Fusarium on Freesia corms. Phytophthora ramorum on Viburnum.

triflumizole Terraguard Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strain Rootshield

Visit betterplants.basf.us to learn more.

Always read and follow label directions.

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