Student´s name:_____________________________I.

D_____________________________

Dimensions of international justice and

social justice
The concept of justice as defined above will be referred to in the present text as
international justice, with the principles of sovereign equality, non-intervention, and equal
voting rights constituting the legal aspects of international justice. By the mid-1960s
another dimension of international justice had taken shape with the decolonization of a
number of countries. The United Nations assumed increasing responsibility for helping
these newly independent Member States in their efforts to achieve economic and social
progress.
As mentioned previously, the notion of social justice is relatively new. None of history’s
great philosopher not Plato or Aristotle, or Confucius or Averroes, or even Rousseau or Kant
saw the need to consider justice or the redress of injustices from a social perspective. The
concept first surfaced in Western thought and political language in the wake of the
industrial revolution and the parallel development of the socialist doctrine. It emerged as
an expression of protest against what was perceived as the capitalist exploitation of labour
and as a focal point for the development of measures to improve the human condition. It
was born as a revolutionary slogan embodying the ideals of progress and fraternity.
a) Make two inferences about the reading.(3 points e/o)

1) The   different   social,   economic   and   political   adjustments   that   are

generated as a result of a revolution allow the adjustment or emergence of
new laws that allow to meet the needs in these fields of the new sovereign
countries.
2)  Social   justice   can   be   considered   as   the   adjustment   of   international
justice   to   the   economic   and   social   needs   of   countries   that   were   once
colonized by capitalist empires.___

B) CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO QUESTION AND ANSWER(USING SIMPLE PAST
TENSE).(2 points e/

1. Economic   justice   (have)among   many   interrelated   dimensions   of   life   in

society.
Question:  Did   Economic   justice   have   among   many   interrelated   dimensions   of
life in society?

Affirmative   answer:  Yes,   Economic   justice   had   among   many   interrelated

dimensions of life in society.

2. Social   justice   (become)   a   rallying   cry   for   progressive   thinkers   and

political activists.

Question_Did Social justice become a rallying cry for progressive thinkers an
political activists?

Affirmative answer:Yes, Social justice became a rallying cry for progressive

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thinkers an political activists.

C)Write the past tense of the following verbs:(1 point e/o) 
begin_Began___fly___Flew___take_Took__get___Got____think__Thought____give_Gav
e__

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Student´s name:_____________________________I.D_____________________________

Violence against Women

Violence against women and girls is one of the most widespread violations of human rights. It can include physical,
sexual, psychological and economic abuse, and it cuts across boundaries of age, race, culture, wealth and
geography. It takes place in the home, on the streets, in schools, the workplace, in farm fields, refugee camps,
during conflicts and crises. It has many manifestations — from the most universally prevalent forms of domestic
and sexual violence, to harmful practices, abuse during pregnancy, so-called honour killings and other types of
femicide.
International and regional legal instruments have clarified obligations of States to prevent, eradicate and punish
violence against women and girls. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against
Women (CEDAW) requires that countries party to the Convention take all appropriate steps to end violence.
However, the continued prevalence of violence against women and girls demonstrates that this global pandemic of
alarming proportions is yet to be tackled with all the necessary political commitment and resources.
Countries have made some progress in addressing violence against women and girls. According to the UN
Secretary-General’s 2006 In-Depth Study on All Forms of Violence against Women, 89 countries had some
legislation on domestic violence, and a growing number of countries had instituted national plans of action

a) Make two inferences about the reading.(3 points e/o)

1) The   violation   of   the   human   rights   of   women   and   girls,   generated   the
political   and   social   need   to   create   laws   that   protect   them   from   the
constant violence to which they were subjected.
2) The emergence of laws that protect women and girls is a tool that can be
empowered to defend themselves and obtain social justice.

B) CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO QUESTION AND ANSWER(USING SIMPLE PAST
TENSE).(2 points e/
1. The problem of violence against women (come) to be part of national, regional and
international public agendas.
Question_Did   The   problem   of   violence   against   women   come   to   be   part   of
national, regional and international public agendas?.

Affirmative answer:Yes, 1.
    
    The   problem   of   violence   against   women   came   to
be part of national, regional and international public agendas._

2. Communities (have) an important role in defining solutions to violence
and providing support to victims

Question   Did   Communities   have   an   important   role   in   defining   solutions   to

violence and providing support to victims

Affirmative   answer:__Yes, Communities   had   an   important   role   in   defining

solutions to violence and providing support to victims.
C)Write the past tense of the following verbs:(1 point e/o) 

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break__Broke___win___Won_____take_Took___get___Got____think___Thought___meet_
Met_

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Student´s name:_____________________________I.D_____________________________

What are human rights?

Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or
ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without
discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.
Universal human rights are often expressed and guaranteed by law, in the forms of treaties, customary international
law , general principles and other sources of international law. International human rights law lays down
obligations of Governments to act in certain ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to promote and protect
human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups.
The principle of universality of human rights is the cornerstone of international human rights law. This principle, as
first emphasized in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights in 1948, has been reiterated in numerous
international human rights conventions, declarations, and resolutions. The 1993 Vienna World Conference on
Human Rights, for example, noted that it is the duty of States to promote and protect all human rights and
fundamental freedoms, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems.

a) Make two inferences about the reading.(3 points e/o)

1)   is   evident   that   on   the   basis   of   social   needs   of   injustice,   laws,

  It
treaties ... that lead to the protection and well­being of the human being
arise. From there the emergence of universal human rights as "cornerstone"
of the international justice.
2) The governments of each nation are the guarantors of the human rights of
their inhabitants. 
B) CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO QUESTION AND ANSWER(USING SIMPLE PAST
TENSE).(2 points e/
1. The   strong   claims   (make)   by   the   doctrine   of   human   rights   continue   to
provoke considerable skepticism and debates about the content
Question Did The strong claims make by the doctrine of human rights continue
to provoke considerable skepticism and debates about the content?
Affirmative answer: The strong claims made by the doctrine of human rights
continue to provoke considerable skepticism and debates about the content. _

2. The Geneva Conventions came into being between 1864 and 1949 as a result
of efforts by Henry Dunant

Question_Did The Geneva Conventions come into being between 1864 and 1949 as
a   result   of   efforts   by   Henry   Dunant?
_____________________________________________________________

Affirmative answer:__The Geneva Conventions came into being between 1864 and
1949   as   a   result   of   efforts   by   Henry
Dunant___________________________________________________

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C)Write the past tense of the following verbs:(1 point e/o) 
break__Broke_____win__Won_____forget__Forgot__get____Got____think___Thought__
__meet__Met_

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