Name :VEENA VINOD

Roll No. : 3333

Class : S.Y.BSc
Division : B
Year : 2018-19

GEOLOGY FIELD TRIP REPORT

Department of Geology
Fergusson College(Autonomous),
Pune-4
 Department of Geology
Fergusson College(Autonomous),
Pune-4

Certificate
(Batch 2)
This is to certify that Ms. VEENA VINOD has successfully completed
geological study tour at Bagalkot and Badami held from 8th to 11th
December 2018 by the Department of Geology, Fergusson College
(Autonomous), Pune – 4.

Batch Incharges:

Dr. D. V. Upasini

Mr. Shivaji Kokate

Mr. Vishal Patole

Ms. Madhu Rajput

Dr. Tanuja Marathe, Head

Department of Geology
Fergusson College(Autonomous),
Pune - 4
 Acknowledgement

A study tour was arranged by the geology department for the S.Y.BSc
students of Fergusson College, Pune which was conducted from 8th
December 2018 to 12th December 2018.
I would like to extend my sincere gratitude towards the efforts put by all
our geology teachers. Thanking batch incharges: Dr. D. V. Upasani , Mr.
Shivagi Kokate , Mr. Vishal Patole , Ms. Madhu Rajput and the head of
the department Dr. Tanuja Marathe for the guidance throughout the
study tour. I also thank the non- teaching staff for their constant help
and support.
 INDEX

DAY LOCATION TITLE

1 1 Bilgi
2 1 Traverse along
Bagalkot

Gaddankeri cross
2
3 1 Shirur Town

2 B.N.Jallihal

3 Mahakoot
4 1 Lokapur area
 INTRODUCTION

The Proterozoic (Purana) basins are a unique feature of the Proterozoic

geology of the Indian Peninsular Shield. There are seven independent
sedimentary basins in India which were collectively known as Purana
Basins. The words ‘Purana Basins’ refer to the most of the subhorizontal
Pre-cambrian sedimentary sequences deposited over the crystalline
basement of gneisses, granites and schists. The Vindhyan, Cuddapah,
Bhima, Chattisgarh and Kaladgi basins are the important Purana Basins.
The field trip has been organised choosing the Kaladgi Basin which is
present at the northern edge of the Dharwar craton. The itinerary has
been planned with the intention of covering significant exposure/critical
sections in the Kaladgi Basin.
REGIONAL GEOLOGY OF THE AREA

The elliptical Kaladgi Basin is situated on the Northern and

Northwestern exposed fringes of the Dharwar craton which is composed
of strongly deformed and metamorphosed rocks of the Archean and
early Proterozoic. The northern and western extents of the basin are
concealed under the basaltic lava flows of Cretaceous-Tertiary Deccan
Traps.
The rocks forming the basement for the sediments of Kaladgi Basin are
the Archean and early Proterozoic rocks comprising Older Gneissic
Complex, Shimoga Schist belt, Hundgundkushtagi Schist belt and
Younger Closepet Granites. The Kaladgi basin covers an area of 8,300 sq.
km and is made of an older Bagalkot Group and Younger Badami
Group.
 DAY 1:
FIELDWORK IN BILGI
LOCATION 1: Bilgi

Spot 1:
(Lat N16˚20’26’’ Long E75˚36’41’’ Elevation 574m)
Weakly foliated granite porphyry of the ‘Clospet Granites’ are seen here. It is
an igneous rock of equigranular texture. They belong to the felsic acidic
minerals like orthoclase, biotite and quartz. They are plutonic, phaneric,
holocrystalline fine grained minerals. It shows a concordant intrusive
form.Closepet granites exhibit exfoliation joints, pegmatitic veins, scoop holes
and weak foliations. Veins of ‘Pegmatite’ intruding granite are hypabyssal
rocks. They are phaneric and coarse grained. The sheet joints seen are formed
due to the release of pressure. Torr topography is seen too. Some mafic
Microgranular enclave(MME) is present. A few meters away, fault plane along
right lateral movement along strike slip fault is spoted.
Spot 2: Quary opposite to Siddeshwar Temple
(Lat N15˚20’14’’ Long E75˚36’41’’ Elevation 587m)
At Bilgi, Quartzitic sandstones belonging to ‘Saundatti Quartzite’ are overlain
on the weathered and undulating surface of pottasic, weakly foliated granite
porphyry of the Clospet Granites. The Saundatti Quartzites are separated from
the Clospet Granites by a nonconformity. It is a metamorphic rock with
granulose texture. The Saundatti Quartzites exhibit pinkish feldspar rich
sandstones at the base followed by quartzitic sandstone exposed at the quarry.
The sandstones are horizontal, well bedded and show numerous primary
sedimentary structures like ripple marks and cross bedding.
 DAY 2:
FIELDWORK IN BAGALKOT AND
GADDANKERI
LOCATION 1: Traverse from Mallikarjun Temple, Tumramatti

Spot 1:
(Lat N16˚15’12’’ Long E75˚39’28’’ Elevation 623m)
At Mallikarjun Temple near Kadapatti-Tumramatti, the ‘Saundatti Quartzites’
are dipping. They show granulose texture with mineral composition quartz.
They show interlocking structures. Two sets o fractures are observed-along
strike and dip direction. They exhibit brittle deformation. They show primary
sedimentary structures like cross bedding and gradded bedding.

Spot 2: Top of the ridge

(Lat N16˚15’3’’ Long E75˚39’34’’ Elevation 675m)
During the traverse across the Bagalkot anticline, as we move close towards the
core of the anticline the ‘Salgundi Conglomerates’ are exposed. They show
clastic texture where larger grains are cemented together by rounded clasts. The
fragments. Since there are multiple clasts, it’s called Polymictic Conglomerate.
The binding material is of granulose texture with interlocking grains. They are
clast supported conglomerate.
Spot 3: Along S-E slope of the ridge
(Lat N16˚15’1’’ Long E75˚39’37’’ Elevation 653m)
Assymetrical folds which are the incompetent beds give rise to ductile
deformation. Rocks are banded with alternate light and dark layers . Drag folds
are seen where incompetent beds are in between competent ones giving rise to
fractures. A plunging fold is also seen.
Spot 4:
(Lat N16˚14’54’’ Long 75˚39’45’’ Elevation 611m)
The core of the anticline shows exposure of ‘Banded Haematite Quartzite’
belonging to the older Hundgund-Kushtagi schist belt. Theey show metallic
lusture and the non shiny part shows granulose tecxture. They exhibit Banded
Iron Formations(BIF). It shows a singly plunging anticline. Age: archean

Spot 5:
(Lat N16˚14’22’’ Long E75˚40’0’’ Elevation 555m)
We have seen Boudins which are elliptical sausage shaped. They are rigid
tabular body which is stretched and deformed amidst less competent
surroundings. Flaky nature of amphibolite schist or hornblende schist is seen.
The rock is metamorphic and foliated. The outcrop has a granulose texture.
Spot 6:
(Lat N16˚13’49’’ Long E75˚40’25’’ Elevation 570m)
Here, the rock type is similar to the ‘Saundatti Quartzite’. The Bagalkot
anticline is a plunging type of anticlinal fold. The sequence is repeated in the
southern limb of the anticline.

LOCATION 2: Traverse at Gaddankeri cross

Spot 1:
(Lat N16˚10’55’’ Long E75˚38’20’’ Elevation 525m)
Here, the upper horizons of the Lokapur Subgroup and the basal horizons of the
Simikeri Subgroup are exposed separated by a disconformity. All the beds at
this spot show E-W to ESE-WNW strike and steep, sub vertical dips. The base
is occupied by a thick pile of thinly bedded ‘Chikshellikeri Limestone’ which
are characterized by continuous parallel to sub parallel beddings. Alternations
of calcareous mudstones and packstones constitute the individual beds. The
mudstones display internal cross stratificationand ripple drift laminations.
Occurrence of compaction features and water escape structures such as load
casts, flame structures, convolute bedding can be observed. Intraformational
limestone breccias (IFLB) and microfaulting can also be observed at this
location. The limestones also display typical ‘elephant skin’ weathering in the
outcrop.

Spot 2:
As we move up the hill, a small exposure of ‘Phyllites’ belonging to the
‘Jalikatti Argillite’ are seen. Shales undergone low grade metamorphism is
changed to phyllitic sheens.
Spot 3:
The Jalikatti Argillites are followed by ‘Petlur Limestones’ and thin
intercalations of Ferruginous and Silicious Argilltes which belong to ‘Yadhalli
Argillite’. We see fractures on the limestone in the form of EGC and are called
as Stylolites.
Spot 4: Top of the hill
(Lat N16˚10’37’’ Long E75˚38’11’’ Elevation 563m)
The above outcrop is followed by lensoid, impersistent gravely, coarse grained
beds of ‘Bevinmatti Conglomerate’ which grades upwards into ‘Munchkundi
Quarzite’. Presence of coarse clastic sediments and change from fine grained,
carbonates into the siliclastic has been interpreted to represent a disconformity
between the Lokapur Subgroup and the Simikeri Subgroup. The Munchkundi
Quartzites are followed by shales belonging to ‘Govindkoppa Argillite’.
 DAY 3:
FIELDWORK IN AND AROUND
BADAMI AREA
LOCATION 1 : Shirur Town

Spot 1:
(Lat N16˚5’49’’ Long E75˚47’55’’ Elevation 563m)
The ‘Saundhatti Quartzite’ in the area shows a graduation from close spaced
fractured to highly brecciated nature. It has a granulose texture.

Spot 2 : On top of the ridge

(Lat N16˚5’44’’ Long E75˚47’55’’ Elevation 584m)
South of Shirur town shows boulder outcrops unlike any other rock types in the
Kaladgi Basin. These are exposures of ‘Fault Breccia’ that demarcate the Shirur
fault. The fault is a regional normal fault where the southern block has been
downthrown. The clast is quartz and matrix is quartzite. The clasts are
monomictic and angular. Intense fracturing is also seen.
LOCATION 2: Traverse along B.N.Jallihal
(Lat N15˚58’18’’ Long E75˚45’12’’ Elevation 603m)
At B.N.Jallihal ghat section basement rocks are overlain by rocks belonging to
Lokapur Subgroup which are overlain by rocks belonging to Badami Group. A
nonconformity is present between the basement rocks and the reocks belonging
to Lokapur Subgroup. The Lokapur Subgroup rocks are phyllitic to quartzitic.
They exhibit parasitic folding and are nearly vertical at places. The overlying
subhorizontal ‘Cave Temple-Arenite’ of the Badami Group displays a clear
angular and erosional unconformity with ‘Kendu Conglomerate’ exposed at few
places. A few metres away, ‘Scoopholes’ were seen which was formed by the
weathering of wind. It is a horizontally bedded rock with angular conformity.
LOCATION 3: Mahakoot

Spot 1:
(Lat N15˚55’57’’ Long E75˚43’21’’ Elevation 567m)
This area shows ‘Chert Breccia’ which is a banded sedimentary rock. The
outcrop of the chert breccia shows coarse, angular and pebbly fragments of
quartzites, argillites, dolomites and chert with fine grained cherty matrix. It has
a clastic texture and are composed of siliceous material. It is monomictic. Bands
of chert both dark and light cryptocrystalline coloured which is a variety of
silica is seen. Chert is formed by sedimentary process and silica is transported in
solution and gets precipitated.
Spot 2: On top of the hill
(Lat N15˚55’55’’ Long E75˚43’25’’ Elevation 594m)
The unstratified chert breccia are overlain by westerly dipping sandstones of
Badami Group- ‘Cave Temple Arenite’. They show clastic texture and are of
siliceous and ferruginous matrix material. The sandstones of Badami Group are
horizontally bedded (cross and parallel) and show various primary sedimentary
structures. Other interesting feature to observe in these sandstones are soft
sedimentary deformation features and liesegang bands. Microfaults are also
seen here.
 DAY 4 :
FIELDWORK IN AND AROUND
LOKAPUR AREA
LOCATION 1 : Near J.K. Cement Factory, Lokapur
(Lat N16˚10’38’’ Long E75˚21’37’’ Elevation 543m)
As we move along Mudhol road from Lokapur, layers of different colours of
alternate bands of limestone and mudstone are seen. They are sedimentary and
have a non-clastic texture. These are ‘Chikshellikeri Limestones’ showing intense
folding in the outcrop. These folds are exposed within the limestone shale
sequence. The folds are plunging and show development of chlorite at few places.
Boudinage structures are formed by extension where rigid tabular body is
stretched and deformed admist the less competent surroundings. Competent
quartz viens intrusions are seen.

LOCATION 2 : Near Petlur Village

(Lat N16˚14’26’’ Long E75˚20’15’’ Elevation 523m)
Further on the way to Petlur, ‘Chitrabhanukot Dolomite’ is exposed. They are
sedimentary and have a non-clastic texture. It exhibits stromatolites which are
biochemical structures found in shallow water like blue green algae. These are
remenants of early life. Trapping, binding and cementation of sedimentary grains
are done by these microorgansims. Variegated shales belonging to Yadahalli
Argillite sequence are also seen in the stream.
 CONCLUSION

The field trip has been organised choosing the Kaladgi Basin which is
present at the northern edge of the Dharwar craton. The itinerary has
been planned with the intension of covering significant
exposures/critical sections in the Kaladgi Basin. They are composed of
strongly deformed and metamorphosed rocks of the Archean and early
Proterozoic. The northern and western extents of the basin are concealed
under the basaltic lava flows of Cretaceous-Tertiary Deccan Traps.
We have realized that Structural Geology is very important in both
theoretical and practical point of view. Balgalkot-Badami areas have
various geological features and their lithologies, different types of mass
movement activities, different rock formations, thickness and age of the
unit. It has proved to be one of the best site for geological studies and we
were able to explore it to its maximum depth. We have received
knowledge to identify and study such a field.
 REFERENCES

 Data collected during the field visit.

 Sketches drawn and photos taken in the field.
 Field report reference notes given by teachers.