PHASES AND STAGES OF

TEACHING

Submitted by

ANJUMOL SHAJU
1st year B.Ed
Physical Science
 Phases of teaching
Teaching is a complex task. For performing this
task, a systematic planning is needed. Teaching
is to be considered in terms of various steps and
the different steps constituting the process are
called the phases of teaching.
Jackson divides the teaching act into three
phases

TEACHING

Interactive Phase Post-Active

Pre-Active Phase (Implementation Phase
(Planning Stage) Stage) (Evaluation
Stage)
 teaching phase
operations

FIXING UP THE GOALS

AND CONTENT
PREACTIVE
PHASE 1
DECISION ABOUT STRATEGY

DIAGNOSIS OF THE
LEARNER
INTERACTIVE
TEACHING PHASE-2
ACTION AND
REACTION

APPROPRIATE
TESTING
POST ACTIVE DEVICES
PHASE-3
FEEDBACK
TO
TEACHING
Phase of teaching
 PRE-ACTIVE PHASE
Pre-active stage is before actual classroom
teaching.
A teacher has to perform many tasks such as
• Preparing lesson plans
• Arranging furniture and equipment within the
classroom
• Manning papers, studying test reports.
• Reading sections of a textbook and thinking
about the aberrant behavior of a particular
student.
 T.O.( TEACHING
OBJECTIVES)

L.E. (LEARNING C.B. (CHANGE OF

EXPERIENCES) BEHAVIOUR)
Teaching operations at pre-active
stage
Following operations or sub stages are involved
1. Forming or fixing up goals.
2. Taking decisions about the content
3. Managing or sequencing appropriate means and ways
of presentation
4. Deciding about appropriate strategies and tactics of
teaching
5. Developing teaching strategies for the specific subject
matter.
 Inter-active stage
• This is actual classroom teaching
• The teachers uses a number of
strategies for achieving the goals
already set.
• Behavior of the teacher is more or
less spontaneous.
• Things happen quickly during the
teaching session.
 Operations at the Inter-active Stage

The inter-active stage of teaching involves the following

1. perceiving the size of the class by the teacher to identify
students.
2. diagnosing the achievements of the learners.
3. action or achievements (initiation or response). This involves the
following operations
In the above paradigm:
a. Selection of stimuli.
b. Presentation of the stimuli.
c. Feedback of reinforcement.
d. Development of strategies of teaching.
 teaching operations at inter-active stage

T
TEACHER

D A
P DIAGNOSIS ACHIEVEMEN
PRESCRIPTIVE T

S
STUDENT
 Post-active Stage
The post-active stage concerning
evaluation provides necessary
feedback too the teacher and the
students in bringing desirable
improvement in their performance.
It is related with both teaching and
learning.
It is in the fact the assessment of the
interactive process.
 Following operations are involved at the post-active stage of
teaching
1. Assessing the suitability of the objectives determined.
2. Deciding regarding reteaching the content or further taking up the
contents.
3. Assessing the suitability of the instructional material and aids.
4. Assessing the impact of the classroom environment and effecting desired
changes.
INTER-ACTIVE
All the above mentioned three phases of teaching are closely inter-related.
LINGUISTIC Pp
PRE-ACTIVE Dp Rp POST-ACTIVE
Pt Dt Rt
FIXATION OF PERFORMATIVE Pp Dp
GOAL
Rp FEED BACK
DETERMNATIO Pt Dt Rt
N OF CONTENT
EXPRESSIVE Pp
Dp Rp
BEHAVIORAL
Pt Dt CHANGES OF
Rt
1. Pt stands for the teacher’s perception of the pupil’s behaviour.
2. Dt is the teacher’s diagnosis of the pupil’s state of interest readiness’
knowledge etc., made by interference from the behaviour of the pupil.
3. Rt is the action taken by the teacher in the light of his diagnosis
4. Pp is the pupil’s perception of the teacher’s behaviour.
5. Dp is the pupil’s diagnosis of the teacher’s state of interest what he is
saying and is the inferred from the teacher’s behaviour.
6. Rp is the reaction of the pupil to the action of the teacher.
Each unit marked off by the double vertical line is an example
of a teaching unit.
Each unit consists of a teacher-pupil interaction. There are two
sub-units within the teaching cycle which are divided by single vertical line.
The sub unit (Pt Dt Rt) is referred to as an act of teaching.
The sub unit (Pp Dp Rp) is what we call the act of learning or
taking instruction.
The act of teaching and the act of taking instruction are reciprocating
acts and when performs under appropriate conditions they result in behavioral
changes or achievement.