ME LABORATORY 1 – EXPERIMENT NO.

2
SYNTHETIC HYDRO-EXPERIMENTAL MACHINE (FLOW OVER WEIRS)

Name: Date:

C.Y.S.: Group No. :

Objectives:
-To find the coefficient of discharge through a 90⁰ triangular notch
-To seek the relation between discharge and water head for weirs of 90-degrees

-To compare the actual and theoretical values of discharge by applying the formulas
stated in the manual.

Theory:
Sharp crested weirs (or notches) are generally used to measure the discharge in small
open channels where accuracy is required. Because such weirs can be accurate to ±2%
or even ±l %, they are often used as measuring devices in hydraulics laboratories, but
they also have practical applications.

The weir crest is the top of the weir. For a v notch weir it is the point of the notch,
which is the lowest point of the weir opening. The term nappe is used for the sheet of
water flowing over the weir. The drawdown is the decrease in water level going over the
weir due to the acceleration of the water. The head over the weir is shown as H in the
diagram; the height of the weir crest is shown as P; and the open channel flow rate or
discharge is shown as Q.

A v notch weir is simply a 'v notch' in a plate that is placed so that it obstructs an open
channel flow, causing the water to flow over the v notch. It is used to meter flow of
water in the channel, by measuring the head of water over the v notch crest. The v
notch weir is especially good for measuring a low flow rate, because the flow area
decreases rapidly as the head over the v notch gets small.

Apparatus: (The Synthetic Hydro-Experimental Machine)

1: pump
2,3: sluice valves

4: hook gauge
5: triangular weir of 90- degree

6: waterway
7: main tank
8: cock

Equipments:
1. Open channel stream
2. 90⁰ triangular notch (V-notch)
3. A constant water supply with a regulating valve to change discharge of water
4. Hook gauge to measure water level head
5. Stopwatch
6. Platform Scale
7. Bucket for catching water
Procedure:
1. Check the tank if there are any leakages.
2. Turn on the pump of the apparatus then turn the sluice valve clockwise to allow
the water to flow into the waterway. Make sure that the drainage valve is closed.
3. Wait for the water to reach crest level then set the hook gage scale to zero by
aligning the “Q” on zero. Read the scale and record as initial reading. Open the
valve again to let the water flow over the weir. Position the bucket so that the
water falls down in it and start the stopwatch as soon as the water starts flowing
over the weir.
4. At a steady flow rate, measure the head “H” of the water level by adjusting the
hook gauge and recording the reading. This will serve as the final reading. Stop
the stopwatch on the designated time and move the bucket out of the way.
5. Record the readings. Find the weight of the bucket with and without water by
using the platform scale.
6. Continue the process by measuring and recording different heads by adjusting
the valve openings.

Relative Equations:
For Theoretical Values
a) Coefficient of Discharge

K = 81.2 + 0.24/H + [8.4 + (12/ D1/2 )] [ ( H/B ) – 0.09 ]2

where: H= Water head

D= Depth from the bottom of the waterway to the notch of the weir
B= Width of the waterway, 0.6m
b) Discharge

Q = KH5/2
where: K = coefficient of discharge

H = Water Head

For Actual Values

a) Density of Water

DENSITY = m/v

where: Density = 1000 kg/m3

m = From the platform scale
 b) Volume Flow rate (Q)

Q = v/t

where: v = from the density formula

t = designated time from stopwatch
Arrangement of Experimental Result:
Record the findings on the table and apply the formula to identify the missing data.
Create a graph between the relation of discharge and water head then a graph for the
relationship of coefficient of discharge and discharge.

Table of Findings
TRIAL TIME Volume of Qact Initial Final Water Coeff. Of Qtheo
Water (m3/s) Reading Reading Head Discharge (m3/s)
(m3) (m)
1 30s
2 30s
3 30s
4 30s

Graphs:
Calculations:

Conclusion: