Document 1 - eLTE2.2 DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature Description

eLTE2.
2
V200R002C00
eLTE2.2 DBS3900 LTE FDD
Optional Feature Description
Issue Draft A
Date 2014-02-10
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) i
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
eLTE2.2
eLTE2.2 DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature
Description Contents
Contents
1 Radio & Performance ................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 LTE 2 Antenna 150M/50Mbps ..................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1.1 LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO .................................................................................................................................. 2
1.1.2 LOFD-001030 Support of UE Category 2/3/4 ........................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Interference Handling ................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2.1 LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining .............................................................................................. 5
1.2.2 LOFD-001094 Control Channel IRC ......................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 QoS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.1 LOFD-001015 Enhanced Scheduling ........................................................................................................................ 7
1.3.1.1 LOFD-00101501 CQI Adjustment ......................................................................................................................... 7
1.3.1.2 LOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling .................................................................................................................. 8
1.3.2 LOFD-001026 TCP Proxy Enhancer (TPE) ............................................................................................................ 10
1.3.3 LOFD-001027 Active Queue Management (AQM) ................................................................................................ 11
1.3.4 LOFD-001029 Enhanced Admission Control .......................................................................................................... 12
1.3.4.1 LOFD-00102901 Radio/transport resource pre-emption ...................................................................................... 12
1.3.5 LOFD-001054 Flexible User Steering ..................................................................................................................... 13
1.3.5.1 LOFD-00105401 Camp & Handover Based on SPID .......................................................................................... 13
1.3.6 LOFD-001059 UL Pre-allocation Based on SPID ................................................................................................... 15
1.3.7 LOFD-001109 DL Non-GBR Packet Bundling ....................................................................................................... 16
1.4 Signaling Storm & Terminal Battery Life Saving ....................................................................................................... 17
1.5 Refarming ................................................................................................................................................................... 17
1.5.1 LOFD-001051 Compact Bandwidth ........................................................................................................................ 17
1.6 High Speed Mobility................................................................................................................................................... 18
1.6.1 LOFD-001007 High Speed Mobility ....................................................................................................................... 18
1.6.2 LOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility .............................................................................................................. 19
1.7 Coverage Enhancement .............................................................................................................................................. 20
1.7.1 LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius .......................................................................................................... 20
1.7.2 LOFD-001031 Extended CP .................................................................................................................................... 21
2 Networking & Transmission & Security ................................................................................ 23

2.1 Transmission & Synchronization ................................................................................................................................ 23
2.1.1 LOFD-003002 2G/3G and LTE Co-transmission .................................................................................................... 23
2.1.2 LOFD-003011 Enhanced Transmission QoS Management ..................................................................................... 25
Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

eLTE2.2
2.1.2.1 LOFD-00301101 Transport Overbooking ............................................................................................................. 25

2.1.2.2 LOFD-00301102 Transport Differentiated Flow Control ..................................................................................... 26
2.1.2.3 LOFD-00301103 Transport Resource Overload Control ...................................................................................... 27
2.1.3 LOFD-003013 Enhanced Synchronization .............................................................................................................. 28
2.1.3.4 LOFD-00301303 Clock over IP (Huawei proprietary) ......................................................................................... 28
2.2 IPv6............................................................................................................................................................................. 30
2.2.1 LOFD-003023 IEEE 1588v2 over IPv6................................................................................................................... 30
2.3 Security ....................................................................................................................................................................... 31
2.3.1 LOFD-001010 Security Mechanism ........................................................................................................................ 31
2.3.1.1 LOFD-00101001 Encryption: AES....................................................................................................................... 31
2.3.1.2 LOFD-00101002 Encryption: SNOW 3G ............................................................................................................ 32
2.3.2 LOFD-003009 IPsec ................................................................................................................................................ 32
2.3.3 LOFD-003014 Integrated Firewall .......................................................................................................................... 34
2.3.3.1 LOFD-00301401 Access Control List (ACL) ....................................................................................................... 34
2.4 Reliability ................................................................................................................................................................... 35
2.4.1 LOFD-001018 S1-flex ............................................................................................................................................. 35
2.4.2 LOFD-003007 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection ................................................................................................ 37
2.4.3 LOFD-003008 Ethernet Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad) .................................................................................... 38
2.5 Site Architecture ......................................................................................................................................................... 39
2.5.1 LOFD-003029 SFN ................................................................................................................................................. 39
3 O&M .............................................................................................................................................. 41
3.1 SON Self-Configuration ............................................................................................................................................. 41
3.1.1 LOFD-002004 Self-configuration ........................................................................................................................... 41
3.2 SON Self-Optimization............................................................................................................................................... 44
3.2.1 LOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing............................................................................................................... 44
3.2.2 LOFD-002005 Mobility Robust Optimization (MRO) ............................................................................................ 45
3.2.3 LOFD-002015 RACH Optimization ........................................................................................................................ 47
3.3 SON Self-Healing ....................................................................................................................................................... 48
3.3.1 LOFD-002010 Sleeping Cell Detection ................................................................................................................... 48
3.3.2 LOFD-002011 Antenna Fault Detection .................................................................................................................. 49
3.4 Power Saving .............................................................................................................................................................. 50
3.4.1 LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power Consumption ......................................................................................................... 50
3.4.2 LOFD-001039 RF Channel Intelligent Shutdown ................................................................................................... 51
3.4.3 LOFD-001040 Low Power Consumption Mode...................................................................................................... 52
3.4.4 LOFD-001041 Power Consumption Monitoring ..................................................................................................... 53
3.4.5 LOFD-001042 Intelligent Power-Off of Carriers in the Same Coverage ................................................................ 54
3.4.6 LOFD-001056 PSU Intelligent Sleep Mode ............................................................................................................ 55
3.4.7 LOFD-001070 Symbol Power Saving ..................................................................................................................... 55
3.4.8 LOFD-001071 Intelligent Battery Management ...................................................................................................... 57
3.4.9 LOFD-001075 RRU PA Efficiency Improvement ................................................................................................... 59
3.5 Antenna Management ................................................................................................................................................. 60
Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

eLTE2.2
3.5.1 LOFD-001024 Remote Electrical Tilt Control ........................................................................................................ 60
4 Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................... 63
Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iv

eLTE2.2
Description Figures
Figures
Figure 1-1 Preamble formats and cell access radius ............................................................................................ 21
Figure 2-1 2G/3G and LTE co-transmission........................................................................................................ 24
Figure 2-2 Framework of Huawei proprietary protocol ...................................................................................... 29
Figure 2-3 IPsec .................................................................................................................................................. 33

Figure 2-4 connection topology between MME Pool and eNodeBs ................................................................... 36
Figure 2-5 the one-hop and multi-hop BFD application scenarios ...................................................................... 38
Figure 2-6 the Ethernet link aggregation ............................................................................................................. 39

Figure 3-1 general network topology .................................................................................................................. 43
Figure 3-2 Symbol power saving (Normal CP) ................................................................................................... 56
Figure 3-3 Symbol power saving with MBSFN subframe (extended CP) .......................................................... 57
Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential v

eLTE2.2
Description Tables
Tables
Table 1-1 Downlink physical layer parameter values set by the field UE-Category ............................................. 4
Table 1-2 Uplink physical layer parameter values set by the field UE-Category .................................................. 5
Table 1-3 Total layer 2 buffer sizes set by the field UE-Category ......................................................................... 5
Table 1-4 Compact bandwidths list ..................................................................................................................... 17
Table 3-1 Battery management modes ................................................................................................................. 58
Table 4-1 Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 63
Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential vi

eLTE2.2
Description 1 Radio & Performance
Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

eLTE2.2
1 Radio & Performance
About This Chapter

2.1 LTE 2 Antenna 150M/50Mbps
2.2 Interference Handling
2.3 QoS
2.4 Signaling Storm & Terminal Battery Life Saving
2.5 Refarming
2.6 High Speed Mobility
2.7 Coverage Enhancement
1.1 LTE 2 Antenna 150M/50Mbps

1.1.1 LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO
Availability
This feature is
 applicable to Macro from eRAN1.0
 applicable to Micro form eRAN3.0
 applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0
Summary
Two antenna ports are configured in the downlink, and the transmission scheme per user is
dynamically selected between spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing to improve the
downlink throughput and coverage performance.

eLTE2.2
Benefits
This feature provides the gain of high peak rate and throughput performance using spatial
multiplexing (two code-words) and good cell edge performance using spatial diversity (single
codeword),.
Description
The downlink 2x2 MIMO is a critical feature to allow an LTE system to deliver better
performance, such as higher data rates, than the legacy system. Both spatial diversity and
spatial multiplexing are supported as defined in LTE specifications, and since eRAN1.0 the
following four 2x2 MIMO schemes are supported in the downlink:
 Transmit diversity
 Large-delay cyclic delay diversity spatial multiplexing
 Closed-loop spatial multiplexing
 Closed-loop spatial multiplexing using a single transmission layer
Transmit diversity and closed-loop spatial multiplexing using a single transmission layer are
spatial diversity solutions to combat signal fading. Both schemes transmit a single stream (i.e.,
single code-word) and improve the cell edge performance. The former applies the space
frequency block code (SFBC), and is robust to mobility. The latter applies the codebook based
rank-1 precoding and is typically used at low mobility as UE is required to report its preferred
precoding matrix index (PMI) timely.
Large-delay cyclic delay diversity is an open-loop spatial multiplexing scheme with high
robustness to mobility. Closed-loop spatial multiplexing applies the codebook based feedback
and is typically suitable to low mobility. Both open-loop and closed-loop spatial multiplexing
transmit two separately encoded streams (i.e., two codewords) to improve the peak rate and
throughput performance of UEs under good channel conditions with multiplexing gain.
Open-loop/closed-loop spatial multiplexing can be enabled/disabled by means of O&M.
When this functionality is enabled, adaptive switch between spatial diversity and spatial
multiplexing is performed taking into account the UE specific link quality and rank
information. When this functionality is disabled (by setting the maximum rank for spatial
multiplexing to 1), a single codeword is always scheduled for all UEs.
Besides fixed MIMO modes, adaptive open-loop MIMO, adaptive closed-loop MIMO, and
adaptation between open-loop and closed-loop MIMO modes can be configured by means of
O&M.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 eNodeB
Downlink 2x2 MIMO requires the eNodeB to provide 2 TX channels and 2 antennas.
 UE
Spatial multiplexing is supported for terminals with UE category of greater than one.
That is, for category-1 UEs, only a single codeword is scheduled. Relatively accurate
PMI report from UE is a prerequisite for the configuration of closed-loop MIMO modes.

eLTE2.2
1.1.2 LOFD-001030 Support of UE Category 2/3/4

Availability
This feature is
Summary
E-UTRAN needs to respect the signaled UE radio access capability parameters when
configuring the UE and when scheduling the UE. So there are five categories defined in the
protocol. This feature can enable BS to support UE category 2/3/4.
Benefits
This feature can enable BS to support UE category 2/3/4.
Description
E-UTRAN needs to respect the signaled UE radio access capability parameters when
configuring the UE and when scheduling the UE. So there are five categories defined in the
protocol. This feature can enable base station to support UE category 2/3/4.
Table 1-1 Downlink physical layer parameter values set by the field UE-Category
UE Category Maximum Maximum Total number Maximum
number of number of of soft number of
DL-SCH bits of a channel bits supported
transport DL-SCH layers for
blocks bits transport spatial
received block multiplexing
within a TTI received in DL
within a TTI
Category 1 10296 10296 250368 1

Category 2 51024 51024 1237248 2
Category 3 102048 75376 1237248 2
Category 4 150752 75376 1827072 2
Category 5 299552 149776 3667200 4

eLTE2.2
Table 1-2 Uplink physical layer parameter values set by the field UE-Category
UE Category Maximum number of Support for 64QAM in
bits of an UL-SCH UL
transport block
transmitted within a TTI
Category 1 5160 No
Category 2 25456 No
Category 3 51024 No
Category 4 51024 No
Category 5 75376 Yes
Table 1-3 Total layer 2 buffer sizes set by the field UE-Category
UE Category Total layer 2 buffer size [KBytes]
Category 1 150
Category 2 700
Category 3 1400
Category 4 1900
Category 5 3500
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 UE
The UE should be category 2/3/4.
1.2 Interference Handling

1.2.1 LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining
Availability
This feature is

eLTE2.2

Summary
This feature allows eNodeB to effectively overcome the inter-cell interference. The method
can be used with receiving diversity and can be used for MIMO decoding in any scenario.
Benefits
This feature can improve the system performance in the presence of interference. Therefore,
enhanced network coverage and better service quality are provided for cell edge users
(CEUs).
Description
Interference Rejection Combining (IRC) is a receive-antenna combining technique to
effectively combat the inter-cell interference. IRC is often used together with receive diversity.
In theory, IRC can be used for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) decoding in any
scenario, and it is particularly effective for colored interference.
The main advantage of IRC lies in that it can outperform Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC)
in terms of demodulation of a signal in the presence of interference or jamming.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 eNodeB
The eNodeB must be equipped with multiple receive antennas (equal to or more than
two).
 Other features
LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity or LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna
Receive Diversity.
1.2.2 LOFD-001094 Control Channel IRC

Availability
This feature is
Summary
Control channel interference rejection combining (IRC) protects physical uplink control
channel (PUCCH) and physical random access channel (PRACH) from inter-cell interference.

eLTE2.2
Benefits
Control channel IRC receiver suppresses interference for uplink control channels and
improves the control channel coverage. Downlink performance may indirectly be improved
due to more robust ACK/NAK reporting in uplink.
Description
Control channel IRC on PUCCH and PRACH combines signals on control channels received
by multiple antennas. This feature can suppress colored interference, while maximum ratio
combining (MRC) is not fit for such scenario.
eNodeB supports adaptive switching between IRC and MRC for PUCCHs and PRACHs.
When colored interference is detected, eNodeB selects IRC; In other cases, eNodeB selects
MRC.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 eNodeB
The eNodeB must be equipped with two or more receive antennas.
PUCCH IRC isn't applicable to LBBPc board.
For Micro PRACH IRC is only applicable to3202E/3203E; PUCCH IRC is only
applicable to3203E.
 Other features
LBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity and LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna
Receive Diversity
1.3 QoS
1.3.1 LOFD-001015 Enhanced Scheduling
1.3.1.1 LOFD-00101501 CQI Adjustment
Availability
This feature is
Summary
This function reinforces the traditional AMC feature by introducing downlink Channel
Quality Indicator (CQI) adjustment.

eLTE2.2
Benefits
This feature brings the following benefits:
 Effectively compensates for the inaccurate CQI measurement and makes the MCS
selection more accurate by using a closed-loop mechanism.
 Improves the system capacity by selecting more accurate MCS.
 Allows an adaptive CQI measurement for different scenarios and therefore improves the
system capacity.
Description
The CQI adjustment scheme enhances the conventional AMC scheme by introducing
downlink CQI adjustment. It could provide additional performance gains.
Under the conventional AMC scheme, the eNodeB chooses a Modulation and Coding Scheme
(MCS) for a UE based on the reported CQI. As a result, MCS will mainly change according to
the reported CQI. Since the UE measurement error and channel fading could make the
reported CQI somewhat inaccurate, the MCS selection based on the inaccurate CQI could
cause the DL transmission fails to reach the Block Error Rate (BLER) target. The
conventional AMC scheme does not have a closed-loop feedback mechanism to guarantee
that the actual BLER reaches the BLER target.
The CQI adjustment scheme introduces a closed-loop mechanism to compensate for the CQI
measurement errors. When an eNodeB selects the MCS for the DL transmission, besides the
CQI and transmits power, the eNodeB also considers the difference between the target BLER
and the actually measured BLER. Note that the actually measured BLER is calculated on the
basis of the closed-loop ACK/NACK that the eNodeB received from the DL transmission. In
addition, the closed-loop solution used by the CQI adjustment scheme allows the eNodeB to
instruct a UE to change the BLER target for CQI reporting, which could maximize the system
throughput.
A common target BLER is optimized for all common scenarios, but in some sceanrios cell
throughput can be increased by increase initial target BLER, especially for cell edge users or
users only transmit small packets. A switch allows operator to adjust the initial target BLER
for cells of such scenarios.
Enhancement
 In eRAN6.0
This feature is enhanced to allow adjust initial target BLER of a cell.
Dependency
None
1.3.1.2 LOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling
Availability
This feature is

eLTE2.2
Summary
The dynamic scheduling feature provides the function that guarantees the user QoS and
achieves efficient resource utilization. The fairness between different UEs is also considered
in the function. The dynamic scheduling algorithm mainly focuses on the GBR and non-GBR
services.
Benefits
The scheduling feature is the core function to provide QoS in a LTE system. Huawei
scheduling solution could provide the following benefits:
 Guarantees the QoS for GBR, and non-GBR services.
 Achieves an optimal tradeoff among throughput, fairness, and QoS.
Description
The scheduling function facilitates to the achievement of efficient resource utilization on a
shared channel. In a LTE system, the scheduler allocates resources to the UEs every 1 ms or
every one TTI. The scheduling algorithm needs to meet the QoS requirements for different
services and to achieve a good tradeoff between priority differentiation among different
services and the fairness among users.
The QoS specification is based on the nine QoS QCI defined in LTE standards. The nine
different QCI classes can be divided into GBR and Non-GBR service. The scheduling
solution is required to guarantee the bit rate requirement for GBR services, and enforce the
AMBR for Non-GBR services. Minimum GBR is set for Non-GBR services to avoid
starvation.
The uplink scheduler controls the service rates by using the token bucket algorithm for GBR
and Non-GBR services. Proportional Fair (PF) algorithm is the basic strategy to ensure
scheduling priorities (based on QCI) among different services. Higher priority is assigned to
IMS signaling and GBR services. Semi-persistent scheduling is employed for VoIP service
to ensure the voice quality. When the congestion indicator from load control algorithm is
received, the scheduler might reduce the guaranteed data rate for GBR service. The scheduler
might also consider the input from UL ICIC to reduce interference.
The uplink scheduler will divide the Logical Channel Groups (LCG) according to Operator
configuration. VOIP service is assigned with signaling in the same LCG and non-GBR
services belong to two LCG. Such configuration can guarantee the high priority non-GBR
services are scheduled in uplink. Prioritized bit rate (PBR) is not same as Minimum GBR and
PBR is configurable by operator.
The DL scheduler employs an enhanced scheduling strategy. During a given time window,
the scheduler is required to guarantee GBR and AMBR for all services. For GBR services, the
user channel quality and the service packet delay are taken into account when calculating the
priority. For Non-GBR services, in addition to the user channel quality, the scheduled service
throughput is also considered when calculating the priority. Note that semi-persistent
scheduling is used for VoIP service again and the bandwidth allocated for VoIP traffic is not
scheduled by the scheduler. The enhanced DL scheduler can achieve an optimal tradeoff
among throughput, fairness, and QoS guarantee. The same as the UL scheduler, the DL
scheduler also considers the input from DL ICIC to reduce the inter-cell interference.
As GBR services have higher priority than non-GBR services, when system is in congestion,
non-GBR service might be starving as it cannot be scheduled. The DL scheduler will reserve a
certain portion of resource for non-GBR services to prevent the issue.

eLTE2.2
Enhancement
In eRAN6.0 this feature is enhanced for DL non-GBR services to prevent non-GBR services
from starving at system congestion.
Dependency
None
1.3.2 LOFD-001026 TCP Proxy Enhancer (TPE)

Availability
This feature is
Summary
The TCP/IP protocol was initially developed for wired transmission and later also used in
wireless network, while the link characteristics in wireless network is quite different from the
wired network. A series of enhancement on TCP functions are implemented in the eNodeB.
This feature enables the performance of the TCP protocol derived from the wired network to
be greatly improved in the wireless network, thus improving user experience and system
efficiency.
Benefits
This feature mitigates the impact of some factors such as packet loss in the RAN side to
improve the performance of TCP data transmission, accelerates the slow startup of the server
during the data transmission, thus greatly improving the TCP transmission performance.
Description
The TCP/IP protocol is extensively used all over the world. It was initially developed for
wired transmission and later also used in wireless networks. However wireless networks have
some characteristics quite different from the wired network. To mitigate this effect, a number
of enhancements have been implemented in the eNodeB.
A TPE (TCP Proxy Enhancer) functionality is implemented in the eNodeB, which improves
the data transmission performance in the wireless network. The TPE processes the TCP/IP
packets by adopting TCP performance optimization technologies such as ACK splitting and
ACK control. This feature accelerates the slow startup of the server and decrease packet drops.
Therefore, this feature greatly improves the TCP transmission performance.
 ACK splitting
In TCP, the congestion window is updated according to the number of received ACK
messages and is expanded by increasing the number of ACK messages. When a slow startup
occurs, ACK splitting can quickly increase the congestion window.
 ACK Control

eLTE2.2
In LTE system, fluctuations over the air interface are inevitable. Therefore, HARQ/ARQ is
transmitted in the uplink to ensure data is transmitted properly. According to 3GPP
specifications, RLC must cache data and wait until the HARQ/ARQ completed, then hand in
data cached to PDCP in sequence. However, the HARQ/ARQ transmission takes at least 8 ms,
which could be delayed over air interface and burst layer. As a result, downlink TCP services
also burst, and causing packet loss if the buffer size of transmission equipment is limited. The
ACK control function controls the uplink ACK traffic to prevent bursts of downlink data.
 MTU Control
When packet length is greater than PMTU(Path Maximum Transmission Unit), packet is
fragmented on transmission path, which will reduce efficiency of transmission and cause
packet drop probably. MTU Control allows operators to define the packet MSS (Maximum
Segment Size) so the packet fragmentation can be avoided.
Enhancement
 In eRAN6.0
The uplink ACK control function is introduced.
The MTU Control function is introduced .
Dependency
None
1.3.3 LOFD-001027 Active Queue Management (AQM)

Availability
This feature is
Summary
This feature provides an approach for buffer optimization to interact with the TCP protocol in
a favorable manner and shorten the buffering delay.
Benefits
The Active Queue Management feature improves the end user service in different ways. With
AQM, where the buffer fill level is balanced to the UE data rate, the delay is significantly
reduced.
Description
In an interactive connection, the packet data to be transferred is typically characterized by
large variations, so the buffer is introduced to even out the variations. However, if the buffer
is filled up or an overflow situation takes place, it will result in loss of data packets.
Currently, TCP as the main transport layer protocol is used on Internet. Packet loss is regarded
as link congestion by TCP, and TCP will correspondingly reduce the data transmission rate.

eLTE2.2
TCP protocol is also sensitive to round trip delay and it will take actions differently in case
just one packet is lost or if a burst of packets is lost. In case of uncontrolled packet losses, it
may take a considerable time for the data rate to increase again, leading to poor radio link
utilization and causing long delays for the end user.
In addition, in case a user is performing parallel activities, e.g. FTP downloading and web
browsing, if the file downloading as a dominant stream would fill the buffers and thereby
cause a long delay for web browsing, before anything would happen when clicking on a link.
The functionality of AQM is provided as an optimized buffer handling method, in order to
interact with the TCP protocol in a favorable manner and reduce the buffering delay.
Operators can switch on/off the Active Queue Management function.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
None
1.3.4 LOFD-001029 Enhanced Admission Control

1.3.4.1 LOFD-00102901 Radio/transport resource pre-emption
Availability
This feature is
Summary
This feature enables service differentiation when the network is congested to provide better
services for high-priority users.
Benefits
This feature provides operators with a method to differentiate users according to their priority.
High priority users can obtain the system resources in case of resource limitation. In this way,
operators can provide better service to those high priority users.
Description
Pre-emption is the function related to admission control and is the method for differentiating
services. It enables operators to provide different services by setting different priorities, which
will affect the user call setup success rate during the call setup procedure. If there are not
enough resources and a new call is not admitted to access to the network, high priority user
will have more chances to access to the network than low priority users by pre-empting other
low priority users.

eLTE2.2
The priority information is obtained from the E-RAB Level QoS Parameters including ARP
(Allocation / Retention Priority), in the message of ERAB SETUP REQUEST. The eNodeB
will assign the user priority based on ARP.
Pre-emption will take action if admitting a call fails due to lack of resource, including S1
transmission resource and radio resource (for example, QoS satisfaction ratio based admission
check is failure). The service with the attribution of Pre-emption Capability and Pre-emption
Vulnerability indicates the service ability of pre-empt and pre-emption vulnerability. The
pre-emption capability indicates the pre-emption capability of the request on other E-RABs,
and pre-emption vulnerability indicates the vulnerability of the E-RAB to preemption of other
E-RABs.
In case of Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB), the pre-emption will not be triggered if resource
allocation for SRB fails. For the emergency call (e.g., E911) service, on account of their very
high priority, it always has the preemption capability. For the SRB, emergency call and IMS
signaling, they cannot be preempted.
Enhancement
 In eRAN6.0
This feature enables preemption when the number of UEs that have accessed cells
reaches the maximum number of UEs supported by an eNodeB. With this enhancement,
high-priority services and services that must be guaranteed to comply with laws can
preempt resources of common services and therefore get better access.
An eNodeB admits all initially accessing UEs, allowing setup of Radio Resource Control
(RRC) connections for the UEs. Then during E-UTRAN radio access bearer (E-RAB)
setup, the eNodeB triggers preemption for high-priority services and emergency calls,
which are selected based on allocation/retention priority (ARP) values. The eNodeB
selects services to be preempted in the following sequence: non-GBR services on
unsynchronized UEs, non-GBR services on synchronized UEs, and low-priority GBR
services.
Dependency
 CN
This feature needs the core network to bring the ARP IE to eNodeB during E-RAB
assignment procedure so that eNodeB can get the service priority with those E-RAB
parameters.
1.3.5 LOFD-001054 Flexible User Steering

1.3.5.1 LOFD-00105401 Camp & Handover Based on SPID
Availability
This feature is

eLTE2.2
Summary
This feature is used in the scenarios under which the operator wants to control the mobility of
an UE to make it camp on, redirect or handover to a suitable cell. The priorities for the cell
selection is predefined and configured to eNodeB through SPID (Subscriber Profile ID for
RAT/Frequency Priority).
Benefits
Operators can make its subscribers to camp in, redirect or handover to a suitable RAT (a cell
of LTE/UMTS/GSM) or frequency (a cell of LTE) based on the service characteristics. For
example, for a data centric subscriber, a LTE cell will be the more suitable selection than an
UMTS cell or a GSM cell; for a voice centric subscriber, a GSM cell or an UMTS cell will be
the more suitable selection than a LTE cell.
Description
The SPID is an index referring to user information (e.g. mobility profile, service usage
profile). The information is UE specific and applies to all its Radio Bearers.
This index is mapped by the eNodeB to locally defined configuration in order to apply
specific RRM strategies (e.g. to define RRC_IDLE mode priorities and control
Inter-RAT/inter frequency redirection/ handover in RRC_CONNECTED mode).
In RRC_IDLE mode, UE can camp in a cell with its suitable RAT or frequency.
In RRC_CONNECTED mode, when load balance or overload control triggers an
inter-frequency or Inter-RAT handover or redirection, eNodeB will choose a suitable target
from the cells according to the priorities indexed by its SPID. In addition, when UE finish its
service, eNodeB can release it into a suitable cell according to its SPID priority. For UE
without SPID, when overload happens, the UE could also be redirect to a suitable cell
according to common priority and overload information.
Thus, Operator can configure and push subscribers into the suitable cell according its
subscription. For example: a dongle user usually stays in a LTE high frequency band for a
high service rate; a VoIP user is prior to stay in a LTE low frequency band to guarantee the
continuous coverage.
Enhancement
 In eRAN3.0
When UE triggers an inter-frequency or inter-RAT handover, eNodeB can not only
choose a suitable target from the cells but also choose a HPLMN cell for national
roaming subscribers according to the priorities indexed by its SPID. For national
roaming subscribers, HPLMN cell will be more suitable to be selected than roaming cell
when entering HPLMN LTE or 3G coverage area through connected mode handover.
Dependency
 CN
It depends on SAE to support the SPID configuration.
 Other features
The SPID-specific load-based handover policies function in this feature depends on
LOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing or LOFD-001044 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to
UTRAN or LOFD-001045 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to GERAN.

eLTE2.2
The SPID-specific handover back to the HPLMN policies function in this feature
depends on LBFD-00201802 Coverage Based Inter-frequency or LOFD-001019 PS
Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and UTRAN.
 Others
GSM/UMTS network should support this functionality to avoid ping-pong handover.
1.3.6 LOFD-001059 UL Pre-allocation Based on SPID

Availability
This feature is
Summary
Operator can configure a suitable SPID (Subscriber Profile ID for RAT/Frequency Priority) in
core network for each UE. When an UE accesses to the network, its SPID will be transmitted
to the eNodeB, by which the eNodeB can enable or disable the UL pre-allocation for the
corresponding UE.
Benefits
With this feature, Operator can assign different UL pre-allocation capability for different UE.
UL pre-allocation is used when the cell is in a light load situation to achieve the small latency
for a certain UE.
Description
The SPID is an index referring to user information (e.g. mobility profile, service usage
profile). The information is UE specific and applies to all its Radio Bearers.
This index is mapped by the eNodeB to locally defined configuration in order to apply
specific RRM strategies.
Operator can configure a suitable SPID in core network for each UE. When an UE accesses to
the network, its SPID will be transmitted to the eNodeB, by which the eNodeB can enable or
disable the UL pre-allocation for the corresponding UE.
UL pre-allocation functionality allocates PUSCH RBs to the UE while the cell is in light load
situation; even the UE's sending buffer is empty. It gives the UE the possibility to hit the
sending chance quickly. For instance, this functionality can accelerate the ACK of a DL RRC
signaling message.
With UL pre-allocation, the sending delay of UE will be shortened, but the power
consumption of UE will increase. Operators can adjust the related parameters to get
compromise on the latency and power consumption.
Enhancement
None

eLTE2.2
Dependency
 CN
This feature depends on SAE to support the SPID configuration.
1.3.7 LOFD-001109 DL Non-GBR Packet Bundling

Availability
This feature is
Summary
Delay-based downlink (DL) packet bundling introduces delay control and bundles DL packets
before transmission.
Benefits
Delay-based DL packet bundling offers the following benefits:
 This feature reduces PDCCH overheads and increases the PDCCH capacity.
 Compared with non-delay-based functions, this feature better meets the delay
requirements of best effort (BE) services and increases the eNodeB throughput in hybrid
service scenarios when both guaranteed bit rate (GBR) and non-GBR services exist.
Description
Delay-based DL packet bundling primarily introduces delay control for BE services.
If the network load is light and the resources for control and traffic channels are sufficient,
delay-based DL packet bundling is not necessary. When the network load increase, PDCCH
packet delay will also increase and PDCCH transmission might be congested. By bundling the
PDCCH packets, eNodeB reduced the overhead on the PDCCH transmission. This feature
improves BE user experience , and increases the eNodeB throughput in hybrid service
scenarios at high load.
When the feature is used, average PDCCH packet delay of GBR services might increase when
it is mixed with non-GBR services. For non-GBR services, when Proportional Fair (PF)
scheduling is used small PDCCH packet delay might increase.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
None

eLTE2.2
1.4 Signaling Storm & Terminal Battery Life Saving
1.5 Refarming
1.5.1 LOFD-001051 Compact Bandwidth
Availability
This feature is
 not applicable to Micro
 not applicable to Lampsite
Summary
Huawei LTE supports the compact bandwidths by strict filter and RB punching. Compact
bandwidths for 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz are supported.
Benefits
 Compact bandwidth configuration helps operators make full use of certain non-standard
frequency bands and reduce the waste of frequency fragment.
 Compact bandwidth need not to accord with standard bandwidth; Compact bandwidth
produces higher throughput and better user experience.
 Compact bandwidth is completely transparent to UE and has no impact to R8/R9 UE.
Description
Huawei LTE supports the Compact bandwidths listed as follows:
Table 1-4 Compact bandwidths list

None Standard Available RB number Standard Bandwidth(MHZ)
Bandwidth(MHZ)
4.8-4.9 25 5
9.6-9.9 50 10
14.6-14.9 75 15
18.3-18.5 94 20
18.6-18.9 96 20
19-19.2 96 20
19.3-19.9 100 20

eLTE2.2
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 eNodeB
This feature is only supported on 1800M band with MRFUd, RRU3928 or RRU3929.
 Other features
The feature LOFD-001014 Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Coordination cannot be used
together with this feature when the compact bandwidth is from 18.3MHz to 19.2MHz.
1.6 High Speed Mobility

1.6.1 LOFD-001007 High Speed Mobility
Availability
This feature is
Summary
Huawei eNodeB supports the mobility up to 120 km/h at 2.6GHz or 200km/h at 1.8GHz
with good performance.
Benefits
High speed access is one of the key differentiators for Huawei SingleRAN LTE solution to
provide high speed coverage. This feature brings the following benefits:
 Allows Huawei LTE system to support high-speed UEs at different speed and frequency
combinations with good performance:
− 120km/h at 2.6GHz
− 450km/h at 700MHz & 800MHz
 Provides a seamless user experience in a high-speed scenario.
Description
This feature allows a Huawei LTE system to operate in a high-speed scenario and deliver
good performance.

eLTE2.2
The higher the velocity that the UE experiences, the severer the effect of fast fading that the
system suffers. Therefore, it is more difficult to achieve the same performance in high-speed
scenario as in the normal speed.
Huawei eRAN1.0 supports the UE velocity at different frequencies as mentioned above,
which has almost covered all mobility scenarios in urban environment. The eNodeB should
measure the UE mobility speed and refine the channel estimation scheme accordingly. In
addition, the MIMO scheme and resource allocation mechanism is adaptively adjusted by the
radio resource management (RRM) function to meet the high-speed performance requirement.
For example, it is suitable to use frequency diversity mode rather than frequency-selective
scheduling, or transmit diversity rather than spatial multiplexing for a UE at a high speed.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
None
1.6.2 LOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility

Availability
This feature is
Summary
Huawei eNodeB can support the mobility up to 450 km/h at higher frequency in LoS (Line of
Sight) scenario with good performance.
Benefits
High speed access is one of the key differentiators for Huawei SingleRAN LTE solution to
provide high speed coverage. This feature brings the following benefits:
 Allows Huawei LTE system to be deployed in any high speed scenario and supports UEs
at a speed of up to 450km/h at higher frequency.
 Provides a seamless user experience in a high speed scenario.
Description
In addition to the availability of speed in High Speed Mobility feature, this feature allows
Huawei LTE system to support UEs with almost any mobility profile at up to 450 km/h in
scenario with LoS path (e.g., Rician) and deliver good performance. For example, a UE on a
high-speed train could reach up to 450 km/h.
The higher the velocity that the UE experiences, the severer the effect of Doppler shift and
fast fading that the system suffers. In Huawei RRM solution, the MIMO scheme and resource

eLTE2.2
allocation mechanism is adaptively adjusted to meet the ultra high speed performance
requirement.
Enhancement
 In eRAN2.0
450km/h is supported.
Dependency
None
1.7 Coverage Enhancement

1.7.1 LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius
Availability
This feature is
Summary
To improve wireless network coverage, 3GPP TS36.211 has defined four types of preamble
formats (0 - 3) for frame structure type 1. For format 0, it corresponds to small cell access
radius, for format 1, 2 and 3, they correspond to extended cell access radius.
Benefits
This feature is used in large cell scenario to extend the cell access radius.
Description
This feature provides operator with support of extended cell radius. According to the 3GPP
TS36.211, there are four types of preamble format (0-3) for PRACH are defined to support
different cell access radius, shown in Figure below.

eLTE2.2
Figure 1-1 Preamble formats and cell access radius
For format 0, the supported cell access radius is about 15 km, it is used in small cell scenario,
and considered as basic cell radius. The extended cell radius consists of format 1, 2 and 3. For
format 3, the supported cell access radius is about 100 km, which is used in the large cell
scenario to enhance the system coverage.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
None
1.7.2 LOFD-001031 Extended CP

Availability
This feature is
Summary
The Cyclic Prefix (CP) is the guard interval used in the OFDM to decrease the interference
caused by the multi-path delay. The 3GPP TS36.211 supports two types of CP length, namely
normal CP and extended CP.
Benefits
The normal CP and the extended CP are used in different cell scenarios. In case of small
multi-path delay scenario, normal CP can achieve better system performance. In case of large
multi-path delay scenario, extended CP can achieve better system performance.

eLTE2.2
Description
For both downlink and uplink, the extended CP is calculated as follows:
Extended cyclic prefix: TCP = 512*Ts
Where Ts = 1 / (2048*f), f = 15 kHz
For normal CP there are 7 symbols available in one slot. While for extended CP there are 6
symbols available in one slot. The extended CP increases overhead in exchange for larger
multi-path capability.
The CP length is set in the network planning phase according to the system application
scenario.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 UE
UEs should support the extended CP length as the eNodeB.

eLTE2.2
Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security
2 Networking & Transmission & Security
About This Chapter

3.1 Transmission & Synchronization
3.2 IPv6
3.3 Security
3.4 Reliability
3.5 Site Architecture
2.1 Transmission & Synchronization

2.1.1 LOFD-003002 2G/3G and LTE Co-transmission
Availability
This feature is
Summary
2G/3G and LTE co-transmission provides the operators the possibility of LTE co-transmission
with legacy networks such as GSM, UMTS, or CDMA for better resources utilization and
OPEX reduction.
Benefits
In a co-site scenario:
 Better utilization of transmission resources is achieved.
 OPEX (rental fees of the transmission resources) is reduced.

eLTE2.2
Description
The eNodeB supports co-transmission with other 2G/3G base stations.
During eNodeB site deployment, it is possible that an eNodeB shares a site with a base station
of different technologies such as GSM, UMTS, or CDMA. In this case, co-transmission
facilitates better utilization of transmission resources and reduces the OPEX (rental fees of the
transmission resources).
The following figure shows the 2G/3G and LTE co-transmission
Figure 2-1 2G/3G and LTE co-transmission
The implementation of the co-transmission function depends on four sub functions: multiple
ports, IP route, DHCP relay, and Weighted Round Robin (WRR) scheduling. They are
described as follows:
 Multiple ports: eNodeB supports several Ethernet and E1/T1 interfaces.
 IP route: The data of the cascaded base station is switched to IP network by the IP route
function in the eNodeB. IP routes can be configured by users.
 DHCP relay: In general, a cascaded base station obtains the IP address by the DHCP
function. With the DHCP function, the DHCP client, that is the base station, and the
DHCP server are required to be located in the same broadcast domain. In the
co-transmission scenario, however, the cascaded base station is not located in the same
broadcast domain as the DHCP server. DHCP relay provides a means to transfer DHCP
messages between different broadcast domains.
 WRR scheduling: It ensures fairness between the cascaded base station and the eNodeB
for the data transport. Data are scheduled on the basis of the weight computed
according to the traffic bandwidth. Each base station and eNodeB has a weight and then
has a chance to be scheduled.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 Others
2G/3G should support IP transmission.

eLTE2.2
2.1.2 LOFD-003011 Enhanced Transmission QoS Management

2.1.2.1 LOFD-00301101 Transport Overbooking
Availability
This feature is
Summary
The transmission overbooking allows admission of more users with the guarantee of certain
quality with the enhanced admission control mechanism (TAC: Transport Admission Control)
and QoS mechanism (traffic shaping and congestion control).
Benefits
This feature allows admission of more users with the guarantee of certain traffic quality.
Description
The transmission overbooking mechanism allows admission of more users with the guarantee
of certain traffic quality.
The implementation of this function depends on the sub-functions TAC, traffic shaping, and
congestion control.
 TAC: It allows the bandwidth for user admission control to be larger than the bandwidth
of the physical port. That is, operators can set the admission threshold to allow admission
of more users.
 Traffic shaping: It guarantees that the total available traffic bandwidth is not larger than
the total configured bandwidth. The minimum transport bandwidth of each resource
group supported by eNodeB is 64kps for dual rate and 32kps for single rate The
bandwidth granularity is 1kbps.
 Congestion control: It detects congestion. If congestion occurs, two steps would be taken.
First, a signal is sent to the data source to indicate the congestion. Second, some
low-priority packets are discarded.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
None

eLTE2.2
2.1.2.2 LOFD-00301102 Transport Differentiated Flow Control
Availability
This feature is
Summary
Transmission Differentiated Flow Control enhances the admission control mechanism (TAC:
Transport Admission Control) ,Queue scheduling (Priority Queue-PQ scheduling and
Weighted Round Robin-WRR scheduling) and back-pressure flow control to provide users
with differentiated services while guaranteeing fairness.
Benefits
This feature provides users with differentiated services while guaranteeing fairness.
Description
Transmission Differentiated Flow Control provides users with differentiated services while
guaranteeing fairness.
 Fairness: Each admission user should be allocated some bandwidth to avoid hungry
phenomenon.
 Differentiation: High-priority users take precedence over low-priority ones.
The implementation of this function depends on the sub-functions TAC , Queue scheduling
and back-pressure flow control.
 TAC: If the GBR requirement exists, the transport bandwidth is computed on the basis of
the GBR; otherwise, it is computed on the basis of the default reserved bandwidth of, for
example, non-GBR services.
 Queue scheduling: services enter to PQ and WRR queues based on service priority.
Services that entered the PQ queues have the highest priority to be scheduled, Services
that entered the WRR queues are scheduled on the basis of the weight computed
according to the traffic bandwidth. Each service has a weight and then has a chance to be
scheduled.
 Back-pressure flow control: It detects congestion S1 overhead . If congestion occurs, two
steps would be taken. First, a signal is sent to the data source to indicate the congestion.
Second, some low-priority packets are discarded.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
None

eLTE2.2
2.1.2.3 LOFD-00301103 Transport Resource Overload Control
Availability
This feature is
Summary
Transmission Resource Overload Control is a way to rapidly enhance the transmission
stability when overloaded happen unexpectedly.
Benefit
This feature provides protection for the system when transmission resources are overloaded
unexpectedly
Description
Transmission Resource Overload Control provides protection for the system when
transmission resources are overloaded unexpectedly.
There are two scenarios of the unexpected overload:
 A great bandwidth change of transport bearer (the bandwidth available in the system)
occurs. For example, the transmission bandwidth decreases from 20 Mb/s to 10 Mb/s
because of network failure.
 A great bandwidth change of service traffic (the bandwidth used in the system) occurs.
For example, the traffic bandwidth increases from 5 Mb/s to 10 Mb/s rapidly.
When the above-mentioned scenarios happen, it is necessary to take some extreme actions
such as releasing low-priority users to guarantee high-priority users'QoS.
The strategy depends on QoS parameter Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP). ARP
defines whether user could be released during overload or not.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
None

eLTE2.2
2.1.3 LOFD-003013 Enhanced Synchronization

2.1.3.4 LOFD-00301303 Clock over IP (Huawei proprietary)
Availability
This feature is
Summary
Clock over IP is an alternative network clock synchronization solution if the network does not
support the IEEE1588 V2 Clock Synchronization. It is Huawei proprietary clock protocol.
Benefits
Huawei proprietary clock over IP protocol does not require extra requirement to be invested
into the IP network. This feature has the same requirements for the network as the service
transmission.
Description
The IEEE 1588V2 clock synchronization solution requires that all the devices on the clock
relay path support IEEE1588V2 protocol. If the network does not support IEEE1588V2
protocol, Huawei LTE eRAN2.0 can use Huawei proprietary protocol to support clock over
IP.
The following figure shows the framework of Huawei proprietary protocol. The clock servers
generate time stamps and send the time stamps to eNodeBs connecting to it, which act as
clock clients in this case. Because there is delay and jitter in packet networks, eNodeB uses an
adaptive method to get rid of the delay and retrieve the timing signals. The time stamps are set
in packets at the UDP layer and will be transmitted at the physical layer after the related
packet header is added, so there will be an extra expense in bandwidth.

eLTE2.2
Figure 2-2 Framework of Huawei proprietary protocol
Pay attention to the following information:

 There are clock servers and clock clients. The servers can be located in the network
independently, and the clients are integrated into the eNodeBs.
 An adaptive algorithm is involved in the system. The clock servers send time stamps,
and clock clients receive time stamps to retrieve the frequency.
 One clock server serves a maximum of 512 eNodeBs.
 Two or more clock servers can be used together to improve the reliability. This is
optional.
 The required transmission bandwidth for time stamps in unicast mode is from 5kbit/s to
100kbit/s for each clock client. In most cases, 25kbit/s is recommended.
 This proprietary protocol only supports frequency synchronization. Frequency accuracy
obtained in the eNodeB is 0.05ppm.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
None

eLTE2.2
2.2 IPv6
2.2.1 LOFD-003023 IEEE 1588v2 over IPv6
Availability
This feature is
Summary
This feature enables eNodeB to provide frequency synchronization by transporting IEEE
1588v2 PTP messages through IPv6 unicast packet.
This feature is applicative in FDD system.
Benefits
When eNodeB accesses the IPv6 network, IEEE 1588 v2 clock synchronization could be used
in IPv6 transmission network, provide an alternative clock solution for the GPS clock
synchronization.
Description
IEEE 1588 v2 standard enables precise synchronization of clocks in measurement and control
systems implemented with technologies such as network communication, local computing and
distributed objects. It is applicable to systems communicating via packet networks.
The clocks in the communication system communicate with each other over a communication
network and the 1588 function generates a master slave relationship among the clocks in the
system. All clocks ultimately derive their time from a clock known as the grandmaster clock.
IEEE 1588 v2 over IPv6 enables the use of 1588 in networking environment deploying IPv6.
Time server as clock master sends the IEEE 1588v2 PTP message which encapsulated in IPv6
unicast packet. Then the eNodeB as clock client receives these message and uses the Adaptive
Clock algorithm to implement frequency synchronization.
The synchronization mechanism is the same as IEEE1588 v2 over IPv4, please refer to
LOFD-003013 Enhanced Synchronization.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 Transport network
The peer equipments should support IPv6.
 Other features
This feature depends on LOFD-003013 Enhanced Synchronization.

eLTE2.2
 Others
This feature needs time server support 1588v2 over IPv6.
2.3 Security
2.3.1 LOFD-001010 Security Mechanism
2.3.1.1 LOFD-00101001 Encryption: AES
Availability
This feature is
Summary
The encryption function provides confidentiality protection for both signaling data and user
data between the eNodeB and the UE.
Benefits
The procedure provides confidentiality protection for signaling data and user data in order to
keep them from illegal interception and modifying.
Description
LTE handles the ciphering protection for the RRC signaling and user data. The encryption
function includes both ciphering and deciphering and it is performed at PDCP layer. The
ciphering is activated by the initial security activation procedure after receiving the UE
context from the EPC. Upon connection establishment , the ciphering algorithm and key to be
used are generated by the RRC, which is common for all radio bearers, for example, the
configuration is used for the radio bearers carrying signaling data as well as for those carrying
user data.
The ciphering algorithms can only be changed with handover. The ciphering keys change with
handover or RRC connection re-establishment. An intra-cell handover procedure may be used
to change the keys in RRC_CONNECTED mode.
From eRAN1.0, encryption algorithm AES is supported.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 UE
The UE should support the same encryption algorithm as the eNodeB.

eLTE2.2
2.3.1.2 LOFD-00101002 Encryption: SNOW 3G
Availability
This feature is
Summary
The encryption function provides confidentiality protection for both signaling data and user
data between the eNodeB and the UE.
Benefits
The procedure provides confidentiality protection for signaling data and user data in order to
keep them from illegal interception and modifying.
Description
LTE handles the ciphering protection for the RRC signaling and user data. The encryption
function includes both ciphering and deciphering and it is performed at PDCP layer. The
ciphering is activated by the initial security activation procedure after receiving the UE
context from the EPC. Upon connection establishment , the ciphering algorithm and key to be
used are generated by the RRC, which is common for all radio bearers, for example, the
configuration is used for the radio bearers carrying signaling data as well as for those carrying
user data.
The ciphering algorithms can only be changed with handover. The ciphering keys change with
handover or RRC connection re-establishment. An intra-cell handover procedure may be used
to change the keys in RRC_CONNECTED mode.
Huawei eRAN2.0 supports SNOW3G with 128 bits keys.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 UE
The UE should support the same encryption algorithm as the eNodeB.
2.3.2 LOFD-003009 IPsec

Availability
This feature is

eLTE2.2
Summary
IPsec is used to protect, authenticate, and encrypt data flow for necessary security between
two network entities at the IP layer.
Benefits
This feature provides the security mechanism, confidentiality, integrity, and authentication
between participating peers at the IP layer.
Description
The following figure shows the IPsec
Figure 2-3 IPsec
IP Security (IPsec) provides a framework of open standards dealing with data confidentiality,
integrity, and authentication between participating hosts. IPsec provides these security
services at the IP layer. It uses IKEV1 & IKEV2 (Internet Key Exchange) to handle
negotiation of protocols and algorithms based on the local policy and to generate the
encryption and authentication keys used by IPsec.
IPsec can be used to protect one or more data flows between two eNodeBs, between eNodeB
and SGW/MME, or between security gateway and eNodeB.
The key characteristics of IPsec are as follows:
 Two encapsulation modes: transport mode and channel mode
 Two security protocols: Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulation Security Payload
(ESP)
 Main encryption methods: NULL, Data Encryption Standard , Triple Data Encryption
Standard , and Advanced Encryption Standard
 Main integrity protection methods: HMAC_SHA-1,AES-XCBC-MAC-96, SHA256 and
HMAC_MD5, where HMAC stands for Hash Message Authentication Code, SHA stands
for Secure Hash Algorithm, and MD5 stands for Message Digest 5

eLTE2.2
Enhancement
In eRAN2.0, PKI (Public Key infrastructure) could be used to provide authentication for
IPsec. This needs the support of feature LOFD-003010 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).
In eRAN3.0,two new integrity protection methods AES-XCBC-MAC-96 and SHA256
could be use.
Dependency
Security gateway is needed, and it should support IPsec.
 Other features
This feature depends on LOFD-003010 Public Key Infrastructure(PKI).
2.3.3 LOFD-003014 Integrated Firewall

2.3.3.1 LOFD-00301401 Access Control List (ACL)
Availability
This feature is
Summary
Access Control List is comprised of a series rules, the eNodeB provides packet filtering based
on Access Control List.
Benefits
 The eNodeB provides packets filtering according to Access Control List to prevent some
attacks.
 The eNodeB identifies specific kinds of packets, which need to be encrypted and
authenticated by IPsec according to Access Control List.
Description
Access Control List (ACL) is comprised of a series rules. The operating in the system is
according to the rules of ACL.
ACL is supported by eNodeB. With ACL rules, the eNodeB provides packets filtering
according the packet attributes, such as, source IP addresses, destination IP addresses, source
port numbers and destination port numbers of the packets. The ACL rules can also be based
on the Type of service (TOS), DSCP and address wildcard.
When IPsec is applied to guarantee security of the data flows, operators can select data flows
that need to encrypted and authenticated by IPsec with Access Control List.

eLTE2.2
Enhancement
 In eRAN3.0
ACL can be utilized by L2 filter; working under L2, ACL rule will filter packages by
VLAN identify. The eNodeB can identify the VLAN ID of the packages, only packages
with own VLAN ID will be allowed.
eNodeB support that IPsec encrypted and authenticate selected data flows with ACL
under IPv6.
Dependency
None
2.4 Reliability
2.4.1 LOFD-001018 S1-flex
Availability
This feature is
Summary
This feature is part of the MME Pool solution which needs the support from both the eNodeB
and the MME. It allows an eNodeB to be connected to multiple MMEs simultaneously.
Huawei eNodeB supports a maximum of 16 S1 interfaces. There is one MME on each S1
interface which can be also connected to several MMEs.
Benefits
This feature increases the flexibility of S1 interface and provides the following benefits:
 Increases the overall usage of capacity of MME pool.
 Improves the load sharing across MMEs in pool.
 Avoids unnecessary signaling in the core network when the UE moves in the MME Pool
Area because the served MME of the UE will not change.
Description
A connection topology between MME Pool and eNodeBs is shown as Figure 2-1:

eLTE2.2
Figure 2-4 connection topology between MME Pool and eNodeBs
If an eNodeB connects to a MME Pool, it indicates that the eNodeB must be able to determine
which MME in the pool should receive the signaling sent from a UE:
If the UE gives the MME information in the RRC signal message, the eNodeB will select the
MME according with this information.
If the UE does not give the MME information or the registered MME is not connected to the
eNodeB, the eNodeB will select a MME as follow:
 Topology-based MME Pool selection
The MME pool is selected based the network topology to reduces the possibility of switching
MME during mobility.
 Load-based MME selection
The MME is selected based on its capacity and load. The capacity of the MME can be
informed to the eNodeB during the S1 setup by the MME. When an MME is overloaded, the
eNodeB will limit assigning new UEs to the MME according to the overload action
information MME sent to it when overload started.
Enhancement
 In eRAN6.0
The priority-based MME selection method is added. When MMEs or the S1 interfaces to
MMEs are assigned different priorities, the MME with the highest priority is
preferentially selected. If multiple MMEs have the highest priority, the MME with the
lowest load among them is preferentially selected. An MME with a low priority is
selected only when all high-priority MMEs are faulty or overloaded.

eLTE2.2
The cell-based MME information configuration is added. In the case of TDD and FDD
system sharing the same eNodeB but with separated MME group, UE will only access
the MMEs which have been configured to the cell.
Dependency
 CN
MME must support MME Pool function simultaneously.
2.4.2 LOFD-003007 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

Model
LT1S000BFD00
Availability
This feature is
Summary
BFD is a kind of bidirectional-detecting mechanism, which can be used to detect the fault of
the IP route.
Benefits
 BFD help the operator to detecting network fault.
 BFD achieve reliability and high availability of Ethernet services, enables the service
provider to provide economical and efficient advanced Ethernet services.
Description
The BFD feature is a method for IP connectivity failure detection by periodically transmitting
BFD packets between two nodes. When no BFD packets are received during the detection
interval, failure is declared and related recover action will be triggered, such as IP route, to
avoid traffic drop. BFD can detecting the failure rapidly, so it could use for telecom service
above IP network.
The one-hop and multi-hop BFD is supported by eNodeB. Multi-hop means there is at least
one router on the IP path between the source node and destination node. Otherwise it is
one-hop.
The one-hop BFD is used for the gateway availability detection when router is used.
The multi-hop BFD is used for detecting the connectivity of two network elements, such as
eNodeB to eNodeB, eNodeB to SGW/MME and eNodeB to transport equipment. The
following figure shows the one-hop and multi-hop BFD application scenarios:

eLTE2.2
Figure 2-5 the one-hop and multi-hop BFD application scenarios
Enhancement
None
Dependency
The peer equipment must support BFD when BFD is used to detect the fault of the IP
route.
2.4.3 LOFD-003008 Ethernet Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad)

Model
LT1S000ELA00
Availability
This feature is
Summary
The Ethernet Link Aggregation binds several Ethernet links to one logical link.
Benefits
 Ethernet link aggregation enhances the reliability of Ethernet link between eNodeB and
transport equipment.
 Ethernet provides loading balance on the link between the eNodeB and transport
equipment and increases the bandwidth of the link.

eLTE2.2
Description
Ethernet link aggregation is a protocol defined in IEEE802.3ad. IEEE802.3ad defines a link
aggregation control protocol (LACP). The links status of link group could be detected by
LACP.
The eNodeB supports static LACP. For static LACP, the parameters of the link group are
configured manually. The fault detecting uses the LACP.
The Ethernet link aggregation can be used in the following figure.
Figure 2-6 the Ethernet link aggregation
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 eNodeB
This feature is not applicable to UMPT board.
The tranport network's ingress equipment from eNodeB must support this function.
It must support Ethenet.
2.5 Site Architecture

2.5.1 LOFD-003029 SFN
Availability
This feature is

eLTE2.2
Summary
This feature combines multiple RRU(Radio Remote Unit) or pRRU(Pico RRU) into one
single frequency network (SFN) logical cell. Only one PCI (Physical Cell Identifier) is used
for this logical cell.SFN implements the joint scheduling of air interface resources in multiple
RRU/pRRU by transmitting the same data with the same time-frequency resources from
different RRU/pRRU.
Benefits
The SFN feature reduces interference and greatly improves the signal to interference plus
noise ratio (SINR) at the cell edge in a densely populated area.
The SFN feature improves the blind/weak point coverage and indoor coverage.
The SFN feature reduces handover times and call drop rate compared with the independent
RRU/pRRU depolyment.
Description
This feature provides independent demodulation of signals from multiple RRUs in one cell.
 In uplink, the eNodeB performs independent demodulation of the multiple RRU receiver
signals within a BBU. The eNodeB receiving PRACH and SRS from all RRUs first.
Then the RRU with shortest RTD (Round Trip Delay) of PRACH loopback is selected
for PRACH receiving. The RRU with best SRS RSRP is selected for PUSCH and
PUCCH receiving.
 In downlink, the eNodeB copies the signal of a cell and outputs it to multiple RRUs.
Comparing to single RRU cell, the multiple RRUs combined cell has no interference
between RRUs, but obtained gain from transmitting from multiple RRUs.
A cell can be divided into multiple coverage area, each coverage area has independent RRU,
and multiple RRUs belong to the same cell and have the same PCI.
This feature supports two to six RRUs/pRRU groups to be combined to support one SFN cell
based on LBBP board type. All RRUs/pRRU used for one SFN cell’s combination shall be
connected to same LBBP board.
When using this feature, Carrier Aggregation, Extended CP, Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP and UL
2x2 MU-MIMO can not be supported.
Enhancement
None.
Dependency
 eNodeB
All RRUs used for one cell's combination shall be connected to same baseband board.
Multiple RRUs per eNodeB are needed.
All RRUs used for one cell's combination shall be all 1T1R RRUs, all 2T2R RRUs or all
2T4R RRUs.
This feature is not supported with LBBPc for Macro RRU combination.

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
3 O&M
About This Chapter

4.1 SON Self-Configuration
4.2 SON Self-Optimization
4.3 SON Self-Healing
4.4 Power Saving
4.5 Antenna Management
3.1 SON Self-Configuration

3.1.1 LOFD-002004 Self-configuration
Availability
This feature is
Summary
The eNodeB can automatically establish an OM link, obtain the configuration data file and
software from the EMS, and then activate the configuration data file and software
automatically. The configuration data file contains radio parameters and transport parameters.
Finally, the eNodeB performs a self-test and reports the test result to the EMS.
The eNodeB can be trigged automatically by the U2000 or LMT to launch a comprehensive
self-test after the software and configuration data file are downloaded. After the test is
complete, the U2000 or LMT can obtain a test report.

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
Benefits
Except hardware installation, no other manual operation needs to be performed by field
engineers for the eNodeB startup for the first time.
Description
When the eNodeB is powered on, it obtains the data needed to establish the OM link, such as
the IP address, subnet mask, IP address of the EMS, and IP address of the security gateway,
through the DHCP server. If transport network DHCP server cannot provide these information,
the info must be input into the eNodeBs before installation (in storehouse or other convenient
place) or through a USB stick (the USB stick is not special for site but public for many sites)
by field engineers.
When the OM link is established successfully, the eNodeB downloads and activates the
configuration data file and software automatically according to the instruction from the EMS.
Then, the eNodeB performs a self-test to ensure that it is ready to provide services and reports
the test result to the EMS.
For Micro eNodeB, if PPPoE is used for transport authentication, then the PPPoE account
info must be pre-configured into the eNodeB before installation (in storehouse or other
convenient place) or through USB stick by field engineers.
After the software and configuration data file are downloaded, the U2000 or LMT can
launches a comprehensive self-test procedure on the eNodeB. After the test is complete, the
U2000 or LMT obtains a test report, indicating the eNodeB status.
The test report contains the following contents:
 eNodeB basic information, such as type, name
 Software version information
 Board status information, such as information about the baseband and RF units
 Transport status information ( physical layer and link layer)
Cell status
Enhancement
 In eRAN2.0,
The eNodeB can establish an IPsec link with the security gateway automatically during
the self-configuration procedure.
If the eNodeB is equipped with a GPS device, it can report geographical information
(from the GPS device) to the EMS, and the EMS will identify the eNodeB automatically
by comparing the received geographical information with the predefined geographical
information.
Automatic transport setup is supported. The eNodeB has three types of transport-related
interfaces: S1 interface, X2 interface, and OM channel interface. Accordingly, the
eNodeB provides three automatic transport setup processes: S1 setup, X2 setup, and OM
channel setup. The general network topology is shown in the following figure.
 In eRAN2.1
A barcode of eNodeBID (In eRAN3.0,DID is used instead of eNodeBID)can be scaned
into eNodeB by a barcode reader connected to the USB port of the MPT. The scaned
eNodeBID can be send to EMS, so EMS will identify the eNodeB automatically.

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
Figure 3-1 general network topology
 In eRAN2.1
The eNodeB has parameters pre-configured in factory or other places before the
installation, such as the MAC address, local OM IP, and unique ID. All these parameters
need not be set or modified manually.
The automatic transport setup procedure is as follows:
1. When the eNodeB is powered on, it negotiates automatically the transport layer 1/2
(PHY/MAC) parameters, such as duplex mode, with the peer device. The peer device
can be a LAN switch, router, or another eNodeB.
2. The eNodeB is able to get VLAN ID of peer devices (switch, router) by VLAN scanning.
So the peer devices could receive the data from eNodeB correctly.
3. The eNodeB receives the OM channel parameters from the DHCP server, such as the
Internet IP address, Network Element Management (NEM) IP address, and SeGW IP
address and operator CA information (e.g. name, IP address, protocol type).
4. Based on the operator's CA information, eNodeB is able to retrieve operator certificate
from CA using CMPv2 protocol. The certificate is used for SSL and IPsec certification
later.
5. The eNodeB establishes an IPsec tunnel with the SeGW, obtains the Internal IP address,
and then establishes the OM channel with the NEM.
6. After the software and configuration file are downloaded and installed, the eNodeB
receives the necessary transport parameters of the S1 interface from the NEM, such as
the eNodeB traffic IP address and MME SCTP IP.
7. The eNodeB starts the S1 interface self-configuration procedure and establishes the S1
link.
This feature also includes the X2 interface auto setup function of the Automatic
Neighbor Relation feature. When the network is launched, the eNodeB can find out its
new neighboring site, which is not configured as neighboring site. After receiving
necessary transport data from the U2000 or core network, the eNodeB establishes the X2
link with this new neighboring site automatically.
eNodeB is able to get VLAN ID of peer devices (switch, router) by VLAN scanning. So
the peer devices could receive the data from eNodeB correctly.

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
Based on the operator's CA (Certificate Authority) information, eNodeB is able to

retrieve operator certificate from CA using CMPv2 protocol. The certificate is used for
SSL and IPsec certification later.
Based on the configuration of DHCP server, eNodeB is able to request OM IP address
from either DHCP server or NMS.
 In eRAN3.0
eNodeB supports automatic obtaining and configuring IPv6 transport information
through OAM. This function is only applicable to Macro eNodeB.
eNodeB supports X2 interface auto setup function of the Automatic Neighbor Relation
feature under IPv6. This function is applicable to Macro eNodeB.
eNodeB supports X2 interface auto setup with IPsec protection on X2 interface links.
eNodeB supports to obtain SGW's IP address for MME when one service is set up. After
eNodeB obtains SGW's IP address from the signaling between MME and eNodeB,
eNodeB auto-configured S1-U interface.
Dependency
 Other features
The X2 interface automatic setup function in this feature depends on LOFD-002001
Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR).
3.2 SON Self-Optimization

3.2.1 LOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing
Availability
This feature is
Summary
This feature resolves load imbalances between the serving cell and its inter-frequency
neighboring cells.
Benefits
This feature achieves better utilization of network resources and increases system capacity. In
addition, it reduces the probability of system overload and increases access success rates.
Description
Intra-LTE Load Balancing is recommended in commercial LTE networks with multiple LTE
frequencies where one frequency has a higher load but other frequencies have lower load.

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
After this feature is enabled, a local cell measures its own cell load If the local cell load
exceeds a preset threshold, the eNodeB of the local cell will collect neighboring cell load
information. If a neighboring cell's load is lower than a threshold, the eNodeB to which the
local cell belongs will decide whether to hand over some UEs to the lower loaded neighboring
cell. The cell load is represented by the physical resource block (PRB) usage, as defined in
3GPP TS 36.314.
The load balancing procedure consists of the following activities: load measurement and
evaluation, load information exchange, load balancing decision, load balancing execution and
performance monitoring.
Intra-LTE Load Balancing is used in scenarios where inter-frequency LTE cells have highly
overlapping coverage.
Blind load balancing is supported for the scenarios where no X2 interface is available or the
X2 interface does not support load information exchange.
Enhancement
 In eRAN7.0
Frequency priority based MLB is supported.
Blind load balancing is applicable to scenarios where no X2 interface is available or the
X2 interface does not support load information exchange.
Dependency
None.
3.2.2 LOFD-002005 Mobility Robust Optimization (MRO)

Availability
This feature is
Summary
MRO aims to reduce ping-pong handovers, too early handovers, and too late handovers. It is
implemented by optimizing the typical mobility control parameters.
Benefits
This feature provides the following benefits:
 Reducing ping-pong handovers, too early handovers, and too late handovers.
 Saving labor cost for typical and common mobility optimization scenarios

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
Description
This feature reduces ping-pong handovers, too early handovers, and too late handovers in
different scenarios:
 Ping-pong handovers, too early handovers, and too late handovers of Intra-LTE
scenarios.
The major MRO parameter adjustment are the CIO (Cell Individual Offset) of event A3
for intra-frequency MRO, CIO of event A3/A4 and measurement threshold of event A2
for inter-frequency MRO.
Both too early and too late handovers are captured at the source eNodeB. Only outgoing
handover failures are captured. There is no need to capture incoming handovers.
CIO offset is adjusted automatically by steps according to the number of abnormal
handovers in a certain period. CIO offset explicitly declares the handover threshold
between measurement results of signaling quality from both source and target cells.
Hence, changing the CIO offset will shift ahead or delay the happening of handovers.
The reduction of ping-pong handovers exploits the UE History Information that is passed
from the source eNodeB to the target eNodeB during the handover preparation. When
the UE History Information is received, the target eNodeB identifies ping-pong if the
second newest cell's GCI is equal to that of the target cell and the time spent in the
source cell is less than a ping-pong time threshold. Ping-pong is corrected by decreasing
the Cell Individual Offset, thus delaying handovers.
In the intra-frequency scenario, there is a UE specific ping-pong handover reduction
algorithm. If the UE is identified under ping-pong handover, specific CIO parameter is
applied for the UE to stop the ping-pong handover.
 Too early handovers and too late handovers of Inter-RAT scenarios.
Event A2 and B1 measurements thresholds are adjusted for inter-RAT scenarios.
Enhancement
 In eRAN2.1
MRO feature is enhanced with the following administration functions:
− Feature On/Off Switch: operator can enable or disable the feature
− Log: records the key event during the MRO process and this information can be used
for query and statistic. Operator can also analyze the log to check the feature running
status and key events.
 In eRAN6.0
UE-level MRO against ping-pong handovers is introduced. The eNodeB identifies
ping-pong UEs and sends corresponding UE-level MRO parameters to these UEs. This
type of MRO reduces the number of ping-pong handovers, reduces Uu resource usage,
and improves quality of experience (QoE) of UEs.
The UE-level MRO algorithm is independent of the cell-level MRO algorithm. They are
controlled by different switches.
Dependency
 eNodeB
For intra-LTE MRO scenarios, X2 interface is needed.

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
3.2.3 LOFD-002015 RACH Optimization

Availability
This feature is
Summary
The feature supports the following functions:
 Dynamic adjustment of preamble groups
 Dynamic assignment of PRACH resources
 Optimize the back-off time
Benefits
The feature increases the random access success ratio.
Description
The number of PRACH preamble is 64, the preamble is divided into two parts which is for
contention-based random access and non-contention-based random access separately. The
eNodeB can detect which part is enough while another part is not enough, and eNodeB can
adjust the number of the preamble group dynamically according to the demand.
The PRACH configuration index indicates the number and positions of sub-frames which are
used to send random access preamble. The eNodeB measures the number of preamble during
the period, and eNodeB will adjust the PRACH configuration index to fulfill the demand. If
the number of preamble is more than threshold, the PRACH configuration index will be
adjusted to indicate more sub-frames, and vice versa.
When conflict on PRACH resource detected, eNodeB could send different back-off time
indicator to UEs. UE could select a random back-off time based on the back-off time indicator
to try access again, so that the chance of conflict again is reduced.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
None

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
3.3 SON Self-Healing

3.3.1 LOFD-002010 Sleeping Cell Detection
Availability
This feature is
Summary
Sleeping cell refers to one cell may have some serious problems but no obvious abnormal
event or alarm had been triggered. UEs may camp in this cell but they cannot setup any
service connection or access into the network. This feature is provided to detect such issues
and to notify operator.
Benefits
This feature will shorten the time to detect some cell with serious fault problem but not
having triggered an alarm yet
Description
The sleeping cell detection is a function that an eNodeB can automatically detect faulty cell
which cannot provide normal service but eNodeB does not report alarm to EMS, so operator
does not know if cell is under sleeping status and cannot solve it in time.
eNodeB can detect sleeping cell itself and report alarm to EMS. EMS also can implement an
algorithm to detect sleeping cell and generate an alarm. These two ways can be combined
together to find sleeping cell more accurately than only by one way.
eNodeB uses the connected user measurement method to detect the sleeping cell. eNodeB will
count connected user every second. If the user number keeps zero for a given period of time
(this time value can be configured), eNodeB will generate an alarm to EMS. EMS will
correlate this alarm with some other alarms (for example, the alarm from antenna to which the
cell is associated, the alarm from the Tx/Rx channel, etc). This alarm is generated when the
eNodeB detects that the cell has no accessing of any user for a long time.
After detecting the dormant cell, the eNodeB will deactivate and activate the cell
automatically.
It is suggested that this feature will be used with EMS sleeping cell detection feature together
to get more accurate result.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
None

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
3.3.2 LOFD-002011 Antenna Fault Detection

Availability
This feature is
Summary
The faults on the antenna system and radio frequency (RF) channels are caused by the
improper installation of projects when the projects are created, relocated, or optimized. The
faults can also be caused by natural or external changes.
This feature provides the function of detecting faults on eRAN antennas and enables users to
detect and locate antenna faults.
Benefits
This feature implements the detection of common antenna faults, thus improving the
efficiency and accuracy of fault diagnosis.
By using this feature, RF engineers need not use equipment to measure eNodeB on site every
time, thus reducing the project cost.
Description
The antenna system plays an important role in mobile communications. The performance of
the entire network is affected by the following problems:
 Improper type or location of the antenna system
 Improperly configured parameters of the antenna system
 Faulty antenna system
The antenna fault detection system can detect the following faults and raise related alarms:
− Weak receiving signal
− Unbalance of receiving signal between the main and the diversity
− Voltages Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) abnormal
Enhancement
None
Dependency
None

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
3.4 Power Saving

3.4.1 LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power Consumption
Availability
This feature is
Summary
Huawei LTE supports the green eNodeB solution with power saving management. This
solution has two sub-features: Adaptive Power Adjustment and RF module regular time sleep
mode.
Benefits
This feature improves the efficiency of the PA and saves power consumption of the eNodeB.
Description
Huawei LTE supports the green eNodeB solution with power saving management. This
solution has two sub-features: Adaptive Power Adjustment and RF module regular time sleep
mode.
 Adaptive Power Adjustment
Huawei Adaptive Power Adjustment solution, based on the traffic load, supports dynamic
adjustment of the PA working state, and thereby improves PA efficiency and saves eNodeB
power consumption.
The typical scenarios are described as follows:
1. Based on the change of cell load in the day and at night, the PA working state is changed
dynamically.
2. Based on the change of cell load in the working days and non-working days of the business
districts, the PA working state is changed dynamically.
3. At the early stage of network deployment, there are usually less users in the cell, and
when there's no any user in the cell, the PA working state is changed dynamically.
 RF module regular time sleep mode
In some scenarios, such as high-speed railway, which will stop operating at late night, the RF
module of eNodeB can be put into sleep mode automatically at preset time based on the
operator's configuration.
Enhancement
None

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
Dependency
 OSS
This feature depends on OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving
Management -LTE.
 Others
"Adaptive Power Adjustment" is not supported in 1.4, 3 and 5 MHz system bandwidth.
3.4.2 LOFD-001039 RF Channel Intelligent Shutdown

Availability
This feature is
Summary
In MIMO mode, the carrier for a cell is transferred through different transmission channels.
When no traffic is on the cell, the carrier can be switched off on part of transmission channels.
In this way, the power consumption of the eNodeB in empty load mode is decreased. When
there is traffic, the carrier can be switched on automatically to have the cell run normally
again.
Benefits
Without load, the eNodeB can switch off carrier on some transmit channels to reduce the
power consumption of the eNodeB.
Description
An eNodeB in the LTE system is usually configured with two or four antennas. The traffic in
the cell varies by time. In some certain periods, for example, from the midnight to the early
morning (operators can customize the periods), there is no traffic. When the idle status is
detected by the eNodeB, it switched off the carrier on one transmission channel (if there are
two transmission channels) or on two transmission channels (if there are four transmission
channels) to decrease the power consumption. When a UE accesses the cell or the periods end,
the eNodeB can automatically switch on the carrier that is switched off. Then, the cell
recovers to the normal state and continues with services.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 eNodeB
The eNodeB must have more than one RF channel.
 OSS

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M

Management -LTE.
 Other features
LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO or LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO
 Others
This feature is not supported in 1.4, 3 and 5 MHz system bandwidth.
3.4.3 LOFD-001040 Low Power Consumption Mode

Availability
This feature is
Summary
In some cases where an eNodeB detects a power outage or receives a command, the eNodeB
can opt to or be forced to enter low power consumption mode, which helps extend the
in-service time of an eNodeB powered by batteries.
Benefits
Compared with the eNodeB in normal mode, an eNodeB in low power consumption mode
consumes less power and has a longer in-service time if powered by batteries. In addition, if
the power supply cannot be quickly restored, the probability of an eNodeB going out of
service is also lower.
Description
Low power consumption mode has three stages. If the eNodeB stays in a stage for a time
equal to the operator-defined duration threshold and the power supply fails to restore within
this time, the eNodeB enters the next stage. This process continues until the cell becomes out
of service.
An eNodeB enters low power consumption mode if either of the following conditions is met:
 The power outage alarm is reported.
If power insufficiency or power failure lasts for a time equal to the operator-defined
duration, this alarm is reported and the eNodeB enters low power consumption mode.
 The element management system (EMS) delivers a command.
The operator delivers a command using the EMS, instructing the eNodeB to enter or exit
from low power consumption mode.
Enhancement
None

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
Dependency
 eNodeB
This feature is only applicable to Macro eNodeB configured with Battery
 OSS
Management -LTE.
3.4.4 LOFD-001041 Power Consumption Monitoring

Availability
This feature is
 applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0
Summary
The eNodeB reports the power consumption status to the EMS. Through the EMS, the change
in power consumption of the eNodeB can be monitored by the operator, and a report on the
power consumption can be generated.
Benefits
The eNodeB reports the power consumption status to the EMS. Therefore, the operator can
monitor the power consumption of the eNodeB. With the report on the power consumption,
the operator can exactly know the benefits brought by the decrease in power consumption.
Description
The eNodeB periodically monitors the power of each monitoring point and reports the power
consumption within a period. The EMS receives and collects all data about power
consumption. Through the EMS, the operator can observe the change in the power
consumption and analyze the power consumption according to a statistics report generated by
the EMS.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 OSS
Management -LTE.

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
3.4.5 LOFD-001042 Intelligent Power-Off of Carriers in the Same

Coverage
Availability
This feature is
Summary
When there is light traffic in an area that is covered by multiple carriers, some of the carriers
can be blocked, and all services can be automatically taken over by the carriers that remain in
service. When the traffic increases to a certain degree, the carriers that are blocked can be
unblocked again automatically to provide services.
Benefits
When there is light traffic in an area that is covered by multiple carriers, some of the carriers
can be blocked, and all services can be taken over by the carriers that remain in service. This
can help reduce the power consumption of the eNodeB without any impact on the service
quality.
Description
When multiple carriers provide coverage for the same area, the traffic of the area varies by
time. In some certain periods, for example from the midnight to the early morning (the
periods can be preset by the operator), the traffic is light. When the eNodeB detects the light
traffic, it triggers UEs to perform migration to some of the carriers and then blocks the
carriers without any load. In this way, the power consumption is reduced. When the traffic
increases or the preset periods end, the eNodeB can automatically switch on the carriers that
are unblocked to recover the functionality of the carriers. In this way, the system capacity is
increased without any impact on the service quality.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 OSS
Management -LTE.
 Others
This feature should not work to a cell simultaneously with feature LOFD-001074
Intelligent Power-Off of Carrier in the Same Coverage of UMTS Network.

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
3.4.6 LOFD-001056 PSU Intelligent Sleep Mode

Availability
This feature is
Summary
This feature introduces the function of PSU (Power Supply Unit) intelligent Sleep Mode.
With this feature, certain PSUs can be powered on or off according to the power consumption
of the eNodeB, thus reducing the power consumption.
Benefits
When the traffic is light, the eNodeB can power off certain PSUs to reduce the power
consumption. In the following scenario, 3 PSUs in 1 eNodeB and low traffic, turning on this
feature could help to save 4% to %5 power consumption.
Description
If an eNodeB with AC input is configured with HUAWEI PSUs (converting AC into DC) and
HUAWEI PMU, the function of PSU intelligent Sleep Mode can be used. The number of
configured PSUs depends on the maximum power consumption of the eNodeB. The purpose
is to ensure that the eNodeB operates properly even at the maximum load. In most cases, the
eNodeB does not operate at full load, and thus the PSUs do not operate at full power.
Generally, the PSU conversion efficiency is proportional to its output power. In other words,
the decrease in the conversion efficiency increases the overall power consumption of the
eNodeB.
When the eNodeB is powered by multiple PSUs, the PSU intelligent shutdown function
enables shutting down one or several PSUs according to the actual load and the power supply
need. In this way, the remaining PSUs work in full load mode, thus ensuring their best level of
efficiency.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 eNodeB
The eNodeB with AC input must be configured with HUAWEI PSUs (converting AC
into DC) and HUAWEI PMU.
3.4.7 LOFD-001070 Symbol Power Saving

Availability
This feature is

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M

Summary
This feature introduces the function of symbol power saving. The eNodeB can shut down the
PAs (Power Amplifier) when a symbol is empty. MBSFN (Multicast Broadcast Single
Frequency Network) sub-frame could be used to reduce the reference signal further so that
more empty symbols are available for PA to shut down longer.
Benefits
When the traffic is light, the eNodeB can shut down the PAs when symbol is empty to save
the static power consumption of the PA. The power consumption of the eNodeB is reduced.
Description
PAs consume the most power in eNodeB. Even when there is no signal output, the PA has
static power consumption. If PA could be power on and off quickly, the system could utilize
this function to implement symbol power saving.
The eNodeB can shut down the PAs when symbol is empty to save the static power
consumption of the PA. In order to guarantee the integrity of data, the system needs to control
the time of PA's switching on and off.
For example: when there is no active user in the cell, in some sub-frames only RS (Reference
Signal) signal is transmitted, PA can be powered off in the OFDM symbols when there is no
RS.
And if the cell is not using eMBMS service, the eNodeB can configure some of the empty
sub-frames into MBSFN sub-frames for further power saving. When one sub-frame is
configured as MBSFN sub-frame, only the first RS need to be transmitted in the air interface.
The rest symbols in the sub-frame could be set to empty so that the PA could be powered off.
Figure 3-2 Symbol power saving (Normal CP)

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
Figure 3-3 Symbol power saving with MBSFN subframe (extended CP)
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 eNodeB
This feature is only supported by the following LTE RF modules: LRFUe(800MHz),
RRU3221(2600MHz), RRU3240(2600MHz) and multi-mode RF modules:
mRFUd(1800MHz,900MHz),RRU3928(1800MHz,900MHz),RRU3929(1800MHz,900
MHz),RRU3841(AWS) working on LTE-only configuration.
 Others
MBSFN sub-frame configuration need that UE can identify and apply the
serving/neighbor cell's MBSFN sub-frame configuration related.
3.4.8 LOFD-001071 Intelligent Battery Management

Availability
This feature is
Summary
With this feature,
 The battery management mode automatically changes depending on the selected grid
type, which prolongs the battery lifespan.
 The battery self-protection function is triggered under high temperature, which avoids
the overuse of batteries and the consequent damages to the batteries.
 The runtime of batteries is displayed after the mains supply is cut off. According to the
runtime, users can take measures in advance to avoid service interruption due to power
supply cutoff.

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
Benefits
 Prolonged battery lifespan
 Reduced operation costs
 Improved system stability
Description
 Automatic change of the battery management mode:
The PMU board records the number of times power supply is cut off and the duration of each
cutoff. Then, the PMU board determines which grid type is chosen and correspondingly
activates a specific power management mode. In grid types 1 and 2, batteries can enter the
hibernation state in which batters do not charge or discharge, which helps prolong battery
lifespan.
Table 3-1 Battery management modes

Power Grid Type Charge Current Hibernatio Hibernatio Estimated
Supply and Limitation n Voltage n Duration Battery
Cutoff Discharge Valve (V) (Days) Lifespan
Duration Mode Improvem
Within 15 ent Rate
Days
(Hours)
≤5 1 Mode A 0.10 C 52 13 100%
5-30 2 Mode B 0.15 C 52 6 50%
30-120 3 Mode C 0.15 C N/A N/A 0%
≥120 4 Mode C 0.15 N/A N/A 0%
The function of the automatic change of the battery management mode is under license
control. In addition, this function is disabled by default and you can enable it by running an
MML command.
 Self-protection under high temperature:
When batteries maintain a temperature exceeding the threshold for entering the floating
charge state for 5 minutes, they enter the state and no alarms are generated.
When batteries maintain a temperature exceeding the threshold for the self-protection function
for 5 minutes, they are automatically powered off or the voltage of batteries is automatically
adjusted.
 Display of the battery runtime:
After the mains supply is cut off, the base station works out the runtime of batteries based on
the remaining power capacity, discharge current, and other data. This runtime can be queried
by running an MML command.
To calculate the runtime of batteries, use the following formula:
Runtime of batteries = (Remaining power capacity x Total power capacity x Discharge
efficiency)/(Mean discharge current x Aging coefficient)

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 eNodeB
The APM30H (Ver. C), BTS3900AL, TP48600A, and batteries must be configured.
3.4.9 LOFD-001075 RRU PA Efficiency Improvement

Availability
This feature is
Summary
This feature monitors the eNodeB transmitting power, and dynamically adjusts PA working
state when RRU transmitting power is low. Thereby it improves PA efficiency and saves
eNodeB power consumption.
This is similar to feature LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power Consumption, but it is specific to the
Blade RRU series which has utilized the new PA technologies. This feature provides more
power saving and can also be used at narrow frequency bandwidth (1.4MHz, 3MHz and
5MHz).
Benefits
This feature improves the efficiency of the PA and saves power consumption of the eNodeB.
Description
By decreasing equipment power consumption, operator's operating cost is decreased. The
lower power consumption also improves the reliability of equipment.
Blade RRU series utilized the latest PA technologies. When RRU transmitting power is low,
this feature will dynamically adjust the bias voltage of RRU, to improve the PA efficiency of
this kind of RRU.
 PA Bias Voltage Dynamically Adjustment
In the commercial network, eNodeB traffic load is keep changing; PA transmitting power
is also changing with it. When PA transmitting power is high, PA efficiency is higher and
a higher PA bias voltage is needed. When PA transmitting power is low, if PA bias
voltage keeps high, the PA efficiency will be low.
This feature keeps monitoring the eNodeB traffic load. Based on the real time traffic load,
by decreasing the PA bias voltage PA efficiency is increased.
This feature is specific to the Blade RRU series. Comparing to LOFD-001025 Adaptive
Power Consumption, this feature provides more power saving and can also be used at narrow
frequency bandwidth (1.4MHz, 3MHz and 5MHz).

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
This feature cannot be used with LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power Consumption at same time.
eNodeB will only enable this feature when the RRU type is Blade RRU series.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 eNodeB
This feature is only supported by following RF module: RRU3268(2600MHz),
RRU3838
3.5 Antenna Management

3.5.1 LOFD-001024 Remote Electrical Tilt Control
Availability
This feature is
Summary
Remote Electrical Tilt Control improves the efficiency and minimizes the OM cost for
adjusting the down tilt of the antenna. Huawei LTE RET solution complies with the AISG2.0
specification, and it is backward compatible with AISG1.1.
Benefits
The application of the RET prominently improves the efficiency and minimizes the OM cost
for adjusting the down tilt of the antenna. The application of the RET brings the following
benefits:
 The RET antennas at multiple sites can be adjusted remotely within a short period. This
improves the efficiency and reduces the cost of network optimization.
 Adjustment of the RET antenna can be performed in all weather conditions.
 The RET antennas can be deployed on some sites that are difficult to access.
 RET downtilt adjustment can keep the coverage pattern undistorted, therefore
strengthening the antenna signal and reducing neighboring cell interference.
Description
The Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) refers to an antenna system whose down tilt is controlled
electrically and remotely.
After an antenna is installed, the down tilt of the antenna needs to be adjusted to optimize the
network. In this situation, the phases of signals that reach the elements of the array antenna

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M
can be adjusted under the electrical control. Then, the vertical pattern of the antenna can be
changed.
The phase shifter inside the antenna can be adjusted through the step motor outside the
antenna. The down tilt of the RET antenna can be adjusted when the system is powered on,
and the down tilt can be monitored in real time. Thus, the remote precise adjustment of the
down tilt of the antenna can be achieved.
Huawei LTE RET solution complies with the AISG2.0 specification, and it is compatible with
AISG1.1.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
None

eLTE2.2
Description 3 O&M

eLTE2.2
Description 4 Acronyms and Abbreviations
4 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Table 4-1 Acronyms and Abbreviations

3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
ABS Almost-blank subframe
ACK acknowledgment
ACL Access Control List
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
AFC Automatic Frequency Control
AH Authentication Header
AMBR Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate
AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding
AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate
ANR Automatic Neighboring Relation
ARP Allocation/Retention Priority
ARQ Automatic Repeat Request
BCH Broadcast Channel
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
BITS Building Integrated Timing Supply System
BLER Block Error Rate
CA Carrier aggregation
C/I Carrier-to-Interference Power Ratio
CCCH Common Control Channel

eLTE2.2
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CEU Cell Edge Users
CGI Cell Global Identification
CP Cyclic Prefix
CPICH Common Pilot Channel
CQI Channel Quality Indicator
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRS Cell-specific reference signal
CSI-RS Channel state information reference signal
DCCH Dedicated Control Channel
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DiffServ Differentiated Services
DL-SCH Downlink Shared Channel
DRB Data Radio Bearer
DRX Discontinuous Reception
DSCP DiffServ Code Point
DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel
ECM EPS Control Management
eCSFB Enhanced CS Fallback
EDF Early Deadline First
EF Expedited Forwarding
eHRPD Evolved high rate packet data
eICIC Enhanced Inter-cell Interference

Coordination
eMBMS evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multimedia
System
EMM EPS Mobility Management
EMS Element Management System
eNodeB evolved NodeB
EPC Evolved Packet Core
EPS Evolved Packet System

eLTE2.2
ESP Encapsulation Security Payload
ETWS Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System
E-UTRA Evolved –Universal Terrestrial Radio

Access
FCPSS Fault, Configuration, Performance, Security

and Software Managements
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FEC Forward Error Correction
FTP File Transfer Protocol
GBR Guaranteed Bit Rate
GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
GPS Global Positioning System
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
HII High Interference Indicator
HMAC Hash Message Authentication Code
HMAC_MD5 HMAC Message Digest 5
HMAC_SHA HMAC Secure Hash Algorithm
HO Handover
HRPD High Rate Packet Data
ICIC Inter-cell Interference Coordination
IKEV Internet Key Exchange Version
IMS IP Multimedia Service
IP PM IP Performance Monitoring
IPsec IP Security
IRC Interference Rejection Combining
KPI Key Performance Indicator

eLTE2.2
CME Configuration Management Express
LMT Local Maintenance Terminal
MAC Medium Admission Control
MIB Master Information Block
MCH Multicast Channel
MCCH Multicast Control Channel
MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
min_GBR Minimum Guaranteed Bit Rate
MME Mobility Management Entity
MML Man-Machine Language
MOS Mean Opinion Score
MRC Maximum-Ratio Combining
MTCH Multicast Traffic Channel
MU-MIMO Multiple User-MIMO
NACC Network Assisted Cell Changed
NACK Non acknowledgment
NAS Non-Access Stratum
NRT Neighboring Relation Table
OCXO Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiplexing
OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing Access
OI Overload Indicator
OMC Operation and Maintenance Center
OOK On-Off-Keying
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel

eLTE2.2
PCCH Paging Control Channel
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel
PCH Paging Channel
PCI Physical Cell Identity
PDB Packet Delay Budget
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
PF Proportional Fair
PHB Per-Hop Behavior
PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel
PM Performance Measurement
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
PMCH Physical Multicast Channel
PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QCI QoS Class Identifier
QoS Quality of Service
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RA Random Access
RACH Random Access Channel
RAM Random Access Memory
RAT Radio Access Technology
RB Resource Block
RCU Radio Control Unit
RET Remote Electrical Tilt

eLTE2.2
RF Radio Frequency
RLC Radio Link Control
RRC Radio Resource Control
RRM Radio Resource Management
RRU Remote Radio Unit
RS Reference Signal
RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
RTT Round Trip Time
RV Redundancy Version
Rx Receive
S1 interface between EPC and E-UTRAN
SBT Smart Bias Tee
SC-FDMA Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple

Access
SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SFBC Space Frequency Block Coding
SFP Small Form – factor Pluggable
SGW Serving Gateway
SIB System Information Block
SID Silence Indicator
SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio
SRB Signaling Radio Bearer
SRS Sounding Reference Signal
SSL Security Socket Layer
STBC Space Time Block Coding
STMA Smart TMA

eLTE2.2
TAC Transport Admission Control
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TDD Time Division Duplex
TMA Tower Mounted Amplifier
TMF Traced Message Files
ToS Type of Service
TTI Transmission Time Interval
Tx Transmission
UE User Equipment
UL-SCH Uplink Shared Channel
USB Universal Serial Bus
U2000 Huawei OMC
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
VoIP Voice over IP
WRR Weighted Round Robin
X2 interface among eNodeBs


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eLTE2.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

1 Radio & Performance ................................................................................................................... 2

2 Networking & Transmission & Security ................................................................................ 23

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ii

2.1.2.1 LOFD-00301101 Transport Overbooking ............................................................................................................. 25

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

3.5.1 LOFD-001024 Remote Electrical Tilt Control ........................................................................................................ 60

4 Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................... 63

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iv

Figure 1-1 Preamble formats and cell access radius ............................................................................................ 21

Figure 2-1 2G/3G and LTE co-transmission........................................................................................................ 24

Figure 2-2 Framework of Huawei proprietary protocol ...................................................................................... 29

Figure 2-3 IPsec .................................................................................................................................................. 33

Figure 2-6 the Ethernet link aggregation ............................................................................................................. 39

Figure 3-2 Symbol power saving (Normal CP) ................................................................................................... 56

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential v

Table 1-4 Compact bandwidths list ..................................................................................................................... 17

Table 3-1 Battery management modes ................................................................................................................. 58

Table 4-1 Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 63

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential vi

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1

1 Radio & Performance

About This Chapter

1.1 LTE 2 Antenna 150M/50Mbps

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 2

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 3

1.1.2 LOFD-001030 Support of UE Category 2/3/4

Category 1 10296 10296 250368 1

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 4

1.2 Interference Handling

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 5

 applicable to Micro form eRAN3.0

1.2.2 LOFD-001094 Control Channel IRC

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 6

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 7

1.3.1.2 LOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 8

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 9

1.3.2 LOFD-001026 TCP Proxy Enhancer (TPE)

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 10

1.3.3 LOFD-001027 Active Queue Management (AQM)

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 11

1.3.4 LOFD-001029 Enhanced Admission Control

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 12

1.3.5 LOFD-001054 Flexible User Steering

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 13

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 14

1.3.6 LOFD-001059 UL Pre-allocation Based on SPID

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 15

1.3.7 LOFD-001109 DL Non-GBR Packet Bundling

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 16

1.4 Signaling Storm & Terminal Battery Life Saving

Table 1-4 Compact bandwidths list

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 17

1.6 High Speed Mobility

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 18

1.6.2 LOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 19

1.7 Coverage Enhancement