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Business Process Mapping

using the BPMN 2.0


Modelling Notation

Tutorial

CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial


Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
Page 1
Contents
 BPMN and Business Process Diagrams (BPD)
 Private Processes
 Start and End Events
 Activities and Sequence Flows
 Exclusive Gateways
 Intermediate Events
 Public Processes, Pools and Lanes
 Message Flows
 Collaboration Processes
 Sub-processes
 Parallel Gateways
 Process Steps as Tasks
 Human versus System Pools
 Choreographies, Conversations and BPEL
CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial
Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
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The Business Process
Model and Notation
 Syntax only
 Process independent
 Tool independent
 Developed by the OMG
 Also responsible for
 UML
 SysML
 Version 1.0 - May 2004 - adopted 6/2/06
 Version 1.1 - Feb 2008
 Version 2.0 - Jan 2011 - current
CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial
Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
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Business Process Diagram (BPD)
payment rejected

Customer Enquiry
Received Offer Accepted

Handle Enquiry Make Offer Process Order Process Payment

payment accepted

new vehicle
Run Pre-Delivery Register Vehicle Tax Vehicle Deliver Vehicle
Check
Sale Complete

pre-owned vehicle
Sell Vehicle

 Private Process  Sequence Flows


 Start and End Events  Exclusive Gateways
 Activities  Intermediate Events
CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial
Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
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Private Processes
payment rejected

Customer Enquiry
Received Offer Accepted

Handle Enquiry Make Offer Process Order Process Payment

 Internal to a specific organisation


 Does not show explicit interaction with external entities
 Non-executable
 Modelled for the purpose of documenting process behaviour at a
modeller-defined level of detail
 Executable
 Modelled for the purpose of being executed in business process
management or other system
CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial
Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
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Start and End Events
 An event is instantaneous
Customer Enquiry
 Mostly a status phrase e.g. Received

 “Customer Enquiry Received” Handle Enquiry

 “Sale Complete”
 Maybe a command e.g.
 “Start Process”
 Often associated with the arrival or
sending of information Deliver Vehicle

 Start Event Sale Complete

 Indicates where a process will start


 Optional but recommended
 No incoming sequence flows Message Received Start Event
 May be more than one
 End Events Timer Start Event
Common
 Indicates where a path of a process will Variants
end Message Sent End Event

 No outgoing sequence flows


Cancel End Event
 Optional but recommended
 May be more than one
CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial
Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
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Activities and Sequence Flows

Handle Enquiry Make Offer

 An activity is work that is performed within a business process


 A sequence flow shows the order in which activities will be
performed in a business process
 It defines the end of one activity and the beginning of the next
 No activity occurs on the sequence flow
 Think of a sequence flow as the thread of activity
 A sequence flow is normally only named if it is the outgoing flow
from a gateway
 Use an event or a conditional sequence flow to qualify it

CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial


Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
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Exclusive Gateways
new vehicle
Run Pre-Delivery Register Vehicle Tax Vehicle
Check

pre-owned vehicle

 Gateways control the flow of the thread of activity


 1-N sequence flow in (‘merging’ of flows)
 1-N sequence flow out (‘switching’ of flows)
 Can be named with a question X
 Can occur sequentially Explicitly Exclusive

 No work is done in a gateway


 A simple gateway is exclusive by default
 An exclusive gateway has non-overlapping conditions defined for
each possible exit
 Think of it as switching the flow
 If no condition is met the thread is held up
CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial
Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
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Intermediate Events
 Indicate where something
happens between the start Offer Accepted

and end of a process Make Offer Process Order

 Indicates the termination of


the previous activity or the
start of the next
 All events are instantaneous
and no work is done Message Received

 May occur as the result of


receiving or sending data
Message Sent
Common
(message flows) Timer Event Variants
 May be ‘throw’ or ‘catch’

CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial


Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
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Customer
Public Processes

Customer Enquiry Offer Payment Vehicle


Customer Response
Salesperson

Handle Enquiry Make Offer Process Order Register Vehicle

Customer Offer Accepted


Enquiry
Received
Accounts Clerk
Car Dealership

Process Payment Tax Vehicle


payment rejected new vehicle

payment accepted
Mechanic

Deliver Vehicle
Run Pre-Delivery
Check
pre-owned vehicle Sale Complete

Pools, lanes and message flows


CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial
Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
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Pools and Lanes
 Pools represent participants in

Customer
a collaboration
 Pools may be empty (black
box), or show a process Customer enquiry Offer
 A public process shows
external entities as empty

Salesperson
pools with messages to and Handle Enquiry Make Offer

from the pool Customer


Enquiry
Offer Acc

 Lanes may be used to organise Received

activities within a pool

Accounts Clerk
Car Dealership
 The meaning of the lanes is up
Process Payment

to the modeller
 Lanes may be nested e.g. a payment accepted

role within a department Mechanic

 The assignment of an activity


to a pool or lane indicates the
allocation of responsibility

CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial


Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
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Message Flows

Customer

Customer Response
Customer enquiry Offer Payment
Salesperson

Handle Enquiry Make offer Process Order

Customer Offer Accepted


Enquiry
Received

 are used to show the flow of messages between two participants in a


collaboration
 must connect two separate pools and not two objects within the same pool
 connect either to the pool boundary or to flow objects within the pool
 may have an attached message
CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial
Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
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Customer
Collaboration Process
Customer Enquiry Offer Customer Response Payment Vehicle
Salesperson

Handle Enquiry Make Offer


Process Order

Customer Offer Accepted


Enquiry
Received

payment rejected
Car Dealership

Accounts

Process Payment Register Vehicle Tax Vehicle


Clerk

payment accepted new vehicle


pre-owned vehicle
Mechanic

Deliver Vehicle
Run Pre-Delivery
Check
Sale
Complete

Registration Registration Document Tax Payment Acknowledgement


Application Tax Application
Licensing
Authority
Vehicle

Registration Application Handle Registration Process Tax


Received Request Tax Application
Registration
Document Application Tax Payment
Sent Received Acknowledgement Sent

CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial


Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
Page 13
Collaboration Process

Customer
Customer Enquiry Payment
Offer Customer Response Vehicle

Salesperson
Handle Enquiry Make Offer
Process Order

Customer Offer Accepted


Enquiry
Received

payment rejected

Car Dealership

Accounts
Process Payment Register Vehicle Tax Vehicle

Clerk
payment accepted new vehicle
pre-owned vehicle

Mechanic
Deliver Vehicle
Run Pre-Delivery
Check
Sale
Complete

Registration Registration Document Tax Disc


Application Tax Application
Licensing
Authority
Vehicle

Registration Application Handle Registration Process Tax


Received Request Application
Registration Tax
Document Application Tax Disc Sent
Sent Received

 Shows the internal processes of more than one participant (pool) in


the collaboration.
 The participants can be different organisations or different
departments within the same organisation
 Message flows can cross the pool boundary to attach to the
appropriate activity or event in another pool
 Start and end events for each pool
CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial
Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
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Process with Sub-Processes

Customer
Customer enquiry Quotation Customer Payment Vehicle
Acceptance

Dealership
Take Order Prepare Vehicle
Car

Customer Payment Sale


Enquiry Accepted Complete
Received

Registration Tax
Registration
Application Application Tax Disc
Document
Licensing
Authority
Vehicle

 ‘Take Order’ and ‘Prepare Vehicle’ are collapsed sub-processes


 A collapsed sub-process can be “opened up” to show a lower-level process
either as a separate process diagram, or on the parent process diagram
 The events starting and ending the parent activities should be consistent
with the child diagrams
CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial
Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
Page 15
Concurrency: Parallel Gateway

Mechanic
Run Pre-Delivery Deliver Vehicle
Check
Car Dealership

Payment Accepted
Sale Complete

pre-owned vehicle
Accounts

Tax Vehicle
Clerk

new Register Vehicle


vehicle

 Splits thread (token) into parallel paths


 Following activities all start immediately
 Each prior state must be complete at the merging gateway for the
thread to continue
 Re-sync the threads with a parallel gateway before leaving the
diagram

CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial


Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
Page 16
Process Steps as Tasks
Customer Enquiry
Vehicle Enquiry
Received Record Found? Registered? Handled
Facilitate Choice of Search for Customer Yes Record Make and No
Vehicle Record Model

No Yes

Handle Enquiry Steps Create New


Record Vehicle
Registration
Customer Record

 Tasks are activities that do not decompose Abstract Task Send Task

 User task is performed by a human with the


assistance of an application Manual Task Receive Task

 Service task uses a web-service or automated


application User task Business Rule Task

 Business rule task provides input to and gets


output from a business rules engine Service Task Script Task

 Script task executed by a business process engine


CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial
Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
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Human versus System Pools
Salesperson

Facilitate Choice of Record Enquiry


Vehicle
Customer Enquiry Handled
Enquiry
Received

Record Enquiry Request Enquiry Recorded

Vehicle
Record Found? Registered?

Search for Customer Yes Record Make and No Enquiry


Record Model Recorded
Sales System

Record Enquiry
Request No
Yes

Record Vehicle
Create New Registration
Customer Record

 Optional grouping of user/automated tasks into a system pool


 May show data flow between user and system for each step
CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial
Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
Page 18
Choreographies and
Conversations
Car Dealership Vehicle Licensing Authority Car Dealership Vehicle Licensing Authority

Registration Application Registration Document Tax Application Tax Disc

New Vehicle Tax Disc


Vehicle Licensing Authority Car Dealership Vehicle Licensing Authority Car Dealership Received

Choreography

 Added in version 2.0


 Choreography emphasises Car Dealership Vehicle Licensing
Authority

the messaging between pools License Vehicle

in a collaboration process
 Conversations show Tax Vehicle

collections of choreographies Conversation

CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial


Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
Page 19
Business Process Execution
Language (BPEL)
 Allows the process to be
exported as source for
Business Process <wsdl:portType name="[if-name]">
Management system <operation name="[op1-name]">
 Also WS-BPEL for Web <wsdl:input message="[msg1i-name]" />
Services <wsdl:output message="[msg1o-name]" />
<wsdl:fault name="[error1a-faultname]"
 Not all BPMN processes message="[error1a-name]" />
will map to BPEL ...
 The process must be </operation>
sound (executable) ...
 No deadlocks </wsdl:portType>
 No lack of synchronisation

CRaG BPMN 2.0 Tutorial


Systems BPMN and the BPMN logo are trademarks of the Object Management Group
© Copyright CRaG Systems ’97–‘18. All rights reserved
Page 20

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