Anirudh Singh Rathore

General Principles of ESE

Design
 What is Engineering?

❖ The creative application of scientific principles to design

or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or
manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly
or in combination; or to construct or operate the same
with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their
behavior under specific operating conditions; all as
respects an intended function, economics of operation
or safety to life and property.
 What Engineers do?

❖ Engineers usually design or build things that are sold.

❖ Engineering is concerned with:
❖ Development of new products
❖ Development of new processes
❖ Improvement of existing products
❖ Improvement of existing processes
 The Engineering Process
❖ To solve a design problem, the process or methodology
that all kinds of engineers adopt is called “The
Engineering process”.
❖ It is also called as “The Design Process” or “The
Engineering Design Process” or “The Technological
Design Process”.
❖ It is a series of sequential or methodical steps the
engineers follow to solve the design problems.
 The Engineering Process
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
Define The Gather Pertinent Generate Multiple Analyze & Select a
Problem Information Solutions Solution
• Problem Statement • Internet • Creativity Methods • Decision Making
• Benchmarking • Patents • Brainstorming • Selection Criteria
• Product Dissection • Tech. Articles • Beyond • Pugh Chart
• QFD (HOQ) • Trade Journals Brainstorming • Decision Matrix
• PDS • Consultants
• Random Input T. • AHP
• Synectics
• Concept Map

EMBODIMENT DESIGN
Product Configuration Parametric Industrial Prototyping &
Architecture Design Design Design Testing
• Arrangement • Preliminary • Robust Design • Aesthetics • Rapid
of physical Selection of • DFM, DFA, • Human Prototyping
components Materials and DFE Factors Design • RP processes
• Modularity Manufacturing • Tolerances • Testing
Processes
• Sizing of Parts
The Engineering Process
DETAIL DESIGN
• Engineering Drawings
• Finalize PDS

DESIGN of MACHINE ELEMENTS

• Chain and Belt Drive
• Clutches
Generate Multiple Solutions
Brainstorming
Brainwriting
Scamper
Six Key Questions
Five Whys
 Checklist

❖ What happens if conditions are pushed to limits?

❖ Temperature, up or down?
❖ Pressure, up or down?
❖ Concentration, up or down?
❖ Impurities, up or down?
Biomimetics
Concept Map
Analyze & Select a Solution
Decision Trees
Selection From Different Designs

Design 1
Selection From Different Designs

Design 2
Selection From Different Designs

Design 3
Selection From Different Designs

Design 4
 Pugh Chart (Datum Method)
Objective/
Concept
Safety - + (Ist) +

Ease of use s + D +

Painless to
- + A +
mouse
Cost + s T -

Aesthetics s s U +

Portability + s M +
 Pugh Chart (Datum Method)
Objective/Concept

Safety (IInd) s

Ease of use D +

Painless to mouse A s

Cost T -

Aesthetics U +

Portability M +
 EVAD (Design Evaluation)
Objective/
Concept
-- - + ++ - - - + ++ - - - + ++ - - - + ++

Safety

Ease of use

Painless to
mouse
Cost

Aesthetics

Portability
 Weighted Decision Matrix

❖ Six criteria are listed and assigned weight to each

❖ Safety - 30%
❖ Ease of use - 20%
❖ Painless to mouse - 20%
❖ Cost - 15%
❖ Aesthetics - 10%
❖ Portability - 5%
 Weighted Decision Matrix
Criteria Weight %

Safety 2 10 5 10
30
R x Weight 60 300 150 300
Ease of Use 5 9 8 10
20
R x Weight 100 180 160 200
Painless to Mouse 0 10 7 10
R x Weight
20
0 200 140 200
Cost 10 7 7 5
15
R x Weight 150 105 105 75
Aesthetics 4 2 2 10
10
R x Weight 40 20 20 100
Portability 10 10 10 10
5
R x Weight 50 50 50 50

Total 100 400 855 625 925

 Objective Tree
❖ Weight of Material Cost
= 1.0 x 0.6 x 0.3 = 0.18
❖ Weight of
Manufacturing Cost =
1.0 x 0.6 x 0.5 = 0.3
❖ Weight of Reparability
= 1.0 x 0.6 x 0.2 = 0.12
❖ Weight of Durability =
1.0 x 0.4 x 0.6 = 0.24
and so on…
Which Rectangle Looks Best?
Golden Ratio
Golden Ratio
Golden Ratio
Golden Ratio
Golden Ratio
Golden Ratio
Golden Ratio
Golden Ratio
Golden Ratio
Golden Ratio
Golden Ratio
Golden Ratio
Ergonomics