BASA AIR BASE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SAN NICOLAS FLORIDABLANCA

PAMPANGA

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE,
SOCIETY & POLITICS

Submitted by:
Leader: Erika Mae D. Pineda

Members:
Chene Sunshine G. Sarto
Anna Rose T. Bagyen
Cristel Marie S. Principe
Karyll B. Cayanan
Sherry Ann D. Bacani
Elvin Khyle O. Ibalio
Arjon C. Torres

Submitted to:
Mrs. Maritess P. Tungcab
 Human Cultural Variation

 Culture – It is the collection of ideas, beliefs, traditions and practices that

has been passed.
 Human Cultural Variation – refers to the differences in social behaviors
that different cultures exhibit around the world.
 Subculture – segment of society that share a distinctive pattern of customs,
rules and traditions.
 Counter Culture – is a group whose values and norms place it at odds with
mainstream society or a group that actively rejects dominant culture values
and norms.
 High Culture – consists of activities patronized by elite audiences
composed of members of the upper-middle and upper classes
 Popular Culture – culture based on the tastes of ordinary people
 Ideal Culture - refers to practices and norms a culture is supposed to
follow
 Real Culture- refers to practices and norms a culture actually follows

Social Differences
  Ascribed Status – social positions that people hold by virtue of birth
 Achieved Status – social positions attained as a result of individual actions
 Birth - the most important factor, which is responsible for social differences
 Difference based on choice – differences are based on our choice and also
occur because of choice occupation
 Difference based on religions – people belonging to the same religion feel
that they do not belong to the same community because their caste are
different
 Difference based on economic status – rich or poor people belonging to the
same community often do not keep relations with each other because they
feel that they are different
 Difference based on caste/color – people are differentiated on the basis of
caste/color

Social Change
Social Differences
 Social change – to make (something/someone) different, liking to be with and talk to
people
 Social Change has 4 primary characteristics
 Social Change happens all the time
 Social change is sometimes intentional, but often times unplanned
 Social Change is controversial
  Some changes matter than others changes in hairstyles and clothing patterns
 There are 4 types of social change according to David F. Aberle

How much change?

Limited Radical
(Partial change) (Total change)
Individual

Everyone

 Main factors of Social Change

 Demographic factors – about human population, size, structure and their
development
 Biological factors – refers to those who are concerned with the genetic
constitution of human beings
 Cultural factors – basic elements of culture like language, religion,
philosophy,
literature, faith and
Alternative Redemptive
values
 Technological
Reformative Revolutionary factors- changes
society by changing
our environments to which we in turn adopt
 Environmental factors – floods, earthquake, excessive rain, drought,
change of season, etc.
 Psychological factors – change in attitude of society
 Other factors – other elements such as wars, ethnic tensions, human
rights movement, etc.

Political Identity

 Identity – often thought as the expression of an individuals belief system and social
affiliations
 Various factors can construct an identity: race, nationality, where a person lives and a
person’s gender and sexuality
 Political Identity – describes the ways in which being a member of a particular group
might express specific political opinions and attitudes
 Universalism – refers to the notion that there are common/shared values and beliefs
among humans
 Particularism – refers to the idea that local, cultural, religious and ethnic differences
shape our identity