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University of the Philippines Diliman
Equations of Continuity
ChE 131 – Transport Processes
Reference:
B, Bird, R.B., Stewart, W.E., and Lightfoot, E.N. (2007). Chapter 19
Equations of Change for Multicomponent Systems , Transport Phenomena,
2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Outline
Equations of Continuity
Derivation
Simplifications
Examples
Steady-State Evaporation (BSL Problem 19B.1)
Diffusion and Chemical Reaction inside a porous catalyst (BSL
§18.7)
Concentration Profile in a Tubular Reactor (BSL Example 19.4-2)
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Equations of Continuity
Derivation:
Apply law of conservation of mass to each specie
(component mass balance)
Various contributions to the mass balance:
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Equations of Continuity
Addition of all N equations in either eqn. 19.1-6 or
7 gives
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Equations of Continuity
Equation of Continuity for species α in molar units
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Equations of Continuity
When all N equations in eqn. 19-1.10 or 11 are
added we get
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Equations of Continuity
Other forms
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Equations of Continuity
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Equations of Continuity
11
Equations of Continuity
Simplifications: Binary system (mixture: A + B)
Binary mixture with constant ρDAB
Diffusion in dilute liquid solutions at constant T and P
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Equations of Continuity
Simplifications: Binary system (mixture: A + B)
Binary systems with zero velocity
Diffusion in solids or in stationary liquids (v = 0)
Equimolar counter-diffusion in gases (v* = 0)
No chemical reaction
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Examples
Steady-State Evaporation (BSL Problem 19B.1)
Re-work the problem solved in BSL § 18.2. Use
equation of continuity instead of shell balance.
Show that you will get the same differential
equation and solution
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Examples
Diffusion through a Stagnant Gas Film (BSL 18.2)
Assumptions:
1. Steady-state
2. T and P are
constants
3. Gas A and B are
ideal
4. No dependence of vz
on the radial
coordinate
At the gas-liquid interface,
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Examples
Steady-State Evaporation (BSL Problem 19B.1)
Binary system, T,P = constant, ideal gas
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Examples
Steady-State Evaporation (BSL Problem 19B.1)
B is stagnant (Uni-component diffusion)
vBz = 0: v*z = xAvAz = NAz/c = xAv*z – DAB dxA/dz
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Examples
Diffusion and Chemical Reaction inside a Porous
Catalyst (BSL § 18.7)
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Examples
Assumptions
Steady-state
Mass transfer only in the radial direction
Isothermal, isobaric
First order reaction: A → B
Concentration of A is small
EMCD (once B is produced, B will diffuse out)
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Examples
Simplifying and taking note that RA = -k1aCA
B.C.
r = R (at the surface) ,CA = CAR
r = 0 (symmetry) ,dCA/dr = 0
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Examples
Concentration Profile in a Tubular Reactor (BSL
Example 19.4-2)
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Examples
Continuity of A: (cylindrical coordinates)
Motion:
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Examples
Solve the equation of motion to get vz, plug-in vz to
equation of continuity
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Unsteady-State Mass Transfer
Fick’s 2nd law: no chemical reaction, 1D
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Unsteady-State Mass Transfer
Solution
Numerical: FTCS, Method of Lines
Analytical: Fourier Series
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