Hazard Evalution and Safety Data Sheet and Precautionary Labeling Preparation

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.
1-2010
American National Standard
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for Hazardous Workplace Chemicals –
Hazard Evaluation and
Safety Data Sheet and
Precautionary Labeling Preparation
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Copyright American National Standards Institute

Provided by IHS under license with ANSI Licensee=ESSO Standards Oil SA Ltd/5985526001, User=REFINERY, RASA
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale, 04/13/2012 13:29:03 MDT
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ANSI ®
Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Revision, redesignation, and-
consolidation of
ANSI Z400.1-2004 and
ANSI Z129.1-2006


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Sponsor
American Chemical Council
Approved May 28, 2010

American National Standards Institute, Inc.

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Contents
Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................ vii

Introduction ...........................................................................................................xi
1 General ................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Safety Data Sheet (SDS) ..................................................................... 1
1.2 Precautionary labeling ......................................................................... 1
2 Scope, purpose and application........................................................... 2
2.1 Scope................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Purpose................................................................................................ 2
2.3 Application ........................................................................................... 3
2.3.1 Audience .............................................................................................. 3
2.3.2 Content and organization..................................................................... 3
2.3.3 Hazard evaluation and communication process flow........................... 3
3 Hazard evaluation ................................................................................ 6
3.1 Definition of a hazard ........................................................................... 6
3.2 Collecting the information .................................................................... 6
3.3 Evaluating hazards .............................................................................. 7
4 Physical hazards.................................................................................. 8
4.1 Definition of a physical hazard ............................................................. 8
4.2 Physical hazard criteria........................................................................ 8
4.2.1 Fire hazard chemical............................................................................ 8
4.2.1.1 Flammability hazards ........................................................................... 8
4.2.1.1.1 Gases................................................................................................... 8
4.2.1.1.2 Liquids.................................................................................................. 9
4.2.1.1.2.1Static accumulating flammable liquids ............................................... 10
4.2.1.1.3 Solids ................................................................................................. 11
4.2.1.1.4 Flammable aerosols (flammables in self-pressurized containers) ..... 11
4.2.1.2 Oxidizer.............................................................................................. 11
4.2.1.3 Organic peroxide................................................................................ 12
4.2.1.4 Pyrophoric chemical........................................................................... 12
4.2.2 Pressure-generating chemical ........................................................... 12
4.2.3 Water reactive chemical..................................................................... 12
4.2.4 Compressed gas................................................................................ 12
4.2.5 Cryogenic liquid ................................................................................. 13
4.2.6 Unstable reactive .............................................................................. 13
4.2.7 Corrosive to metal.............................................................................. 13
4.3 Physical hazard evaluation ................................................................ 13
4.3.1 Sources of information ....................................................................... 14
4.4 Statements of physical hazards ......................................................... 14
4.5 Physical hazard precautionary statements ........................................ 14
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5 Health hazards................................................................................... 15
5.1 Definition of a health hazard .............................................................. 15
5.1.1 Immediate health hazard criteria ....................................................... 15
5.1.1.1 Corrosive ........................................................................................... 15
5.1.1.2 Irritant................................................................................................. 15
5.1.1.3 Inhalation ........................................................................................... 16
5.1.1.3.1 Highly toxic (poison) by inhalation ..................................................... 16
5.1.1.3.2 Toxic by inhalation ............................................................................. 16
5.1.1.3.3 Simple asphyxiants ............................................................................ 16
5.1.1.3.4 Additional information for inhalation toxicity....................................... 16
5.1.1.4 Dermal ............................................................................................... 17
5.1.1.4.1 Highly toxic (poison) by skin contact.................................................. 17
5.1.1.4.2 Toxic by skin contact ......................................................................... 17
5.1.1.4.3 Harmful by skin contact ..................................................................... 17
5.1.1.5 Oral .................................................................................................... 17
5.1.1.5.1 Highly toxic (poison) by ingestion ...................................................... 17
5.1.1.5.2 Toxic by ingestion .............................................................................. 17
5.1.1.5.3 Harmful by ingestion .......................................................................... 17
5.1.1.5.4 Aspiration........................................................................................... 17
5.1.2 Allergic reactions (sensitizer) ............................................................. 18
5.1.3 Delayed health hazard criteria ........................................................... 18
5.1.3.1 Target organ effects........................................................................... 18
5.1.3.2 Carcinogenicity/Cancer...................................................................... 18
5.1.3.3 Reproductive, developmental and teratogenic effects ....................... 19
5.1.3.4 Mutagenicity....................................................................................... 19
5.2 Health hazard evaluation ................................................................... 20
5.2.1 Sources of information....................................................................... 20
5.3 Evaluating health hazards for mixtures.............................................. 22
5.4 Statements of health hazards ............................................................ 22
5.4.1 Health hazards................................................................................... 23
5.4.1.1 Precautionary labeling for immediate health hazards ........................ 23
5.4.1.2 Precautionary labeling for allergic skin and respiratory reactions...... 23
5.4.1.3 Precautionary labeling for delayed health hazards ............................ 23
5.4.1.3.1 Carcinogenicity .................................................................................. 24
5.4.1.3.2 Reproductive/Developmental/Teratogenic effects ............................. 26
5.4.1.3.3 Mutagenicity....................................................................................... 27
5.4.1.4 No significant adverse health effects ................................................. 27
5.5 Health hazard precautionary statements ........................................... 27
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6 Environmental hazards ...................................................................... 28

6.1 Definition of an environmental hazard ............................................... 28
6.2 Environmental hazard criteria ............................................................ 28
6.3 Environmental hazard evaluation ...................................................... 28
6.3.1 Sources of information ...................................................................... 28
6.4 Statements of environmental hazards ............................................... 29
6.5 Environmental hazard precautionary statements .............................. 30
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7 Hazard communication principles ...................................................... 31
8 Safety data sheets (SDS)................................................................... 32
8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 32
8.2 SDS communication principles .......................................................... 32
8.2.1 Layout and design.............................................................................. 32
8.2.2 Reading level and comprehension..................................................... 33
8.3 SDS Organization .............................................................................. 34
8.3.1 What is the material and what do I need to know immediately
in an emergency?......................................................................... 34
8.3.2 What should I do if a hazardous situation occurs?............................. 34
8.3.3 How can I prevent hazardous situations from occurring? .................. 34
8.3.4 Is there other useful information about this material? ........................ 34
8.4 Evaluation of the SDS ........................................................................ 34
8.4.1 Internal consistency ........................................................................... 34
8.4.2 Headers/Footers ................................................................................ 35
8.4.3 Document identifier ............................................................................ 35
8.4.4 Review/Preparation date.................................................................... 35
8.4.5 Page and section numbers ................................................................ 35
8.4.6 Units of measure ................................................................................ 35
8.4.7 No blank data fields............................................................................ 36
8.5 Revision of the SDS .......................................................................... 37
9 Sections of the safety data sheet (SDS) ............................................ 37
9.1 Section 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION .............. 37
9.2 Section 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION .......................................... 38
9.2.1 Emergency overview.......................................................................... 38
9.2.2 OSHA Regulatory status .................................................................... 39
9.2.3 Potential health effects....................................................................... 40
9.2.4 Potential environmental effects .......................................................... 41
9.3 Section 3: COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS ..... 42
9.4 Section 4: FIRST AID MEASURES................................................... 43
9.4.1 First aid procedures ........................................................................... 43
9.4.2 First aid statement.............................................................................. 44
9.4.2.1 First aid for exposure to eyes and skin .............................................. 44
9.4.2.2 First aid for inhalation......................................................................... 45
9.4.2.3 First aid for ingestion.......................................................................... 45
9.4.2.3.1 When the induction of vomiting is warranted ..................................... 45
9.4.3 Note to physicians.............................................................................. 46
9.4.3.1 Antidotes ............................................................................................ 46
9.5 Section 5: FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES.......................................... 47
9.5.1 Flammable properties ........................................................................ 48
9.5.2 Extinguishing media ........................................................................... 48
9.5.2.1 Suitable extinguishing media ............................................................. 48
9.5.2.2 Unsuitable extinguishing media ......................................................... 50
9.5.3 Protection of firefighters ..................................................................... 50
9.5.3.1 Specific hazards arising from the chemical........................................ 50
9.5.3.2 Protective equipment and precautions for firefighters........................ 51
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9.6 Section 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES ........................... 52
9.6.1 Personal precautions ......................................................................... 52
9.6.2 Environmental precautions ................................................................ 52
9.6.3 Methods for containment ................................................................... 52
9.6.4 Methods for clean-up ......................................................................... 52
9.6.5 Other information ............................................................................... 53
9.6.6 Spill or leak statements by type of chemical ...................................... 53
9.7 Section 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE ........................................... 55
9.7.1 Handling............................................................................................. 55
9.7.2 Storage .............................................................................................. 57
9.8 Section 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION... 58
9.8.1 Exposure guidelines .......................................................................... 58
9.8.2 Engineering controls .......................................................................... 59
9.8.3 Personal protective equipment (PPE)................................................ 59
9.8.3.1 Eye/face protection ............................................................................ 60
9.8.3.2 Skin protection ................................................................................... 60
9.8.3.3 Respiratory protection........................................................................ 60
9.8.3.4 General hygiene considerations ........................................................ 61
9.9 Section 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES................... 61
9.10 Section 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY ...................................... 63
9.10.1 Reactivity ........................................................................................... 63
9.10.2 Possibility of hazardous reactions ..................................................... 63
9.10.3 Chemical stability ............................................................................... 63
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9.10.4 Conditions to avoid ............................................................................ 64

9.10.5 Incompatible materials....................................................................... 64
9.10.6 Hazardous decomposition products .................................................. 64
9.11 Section 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION ............................... 64
9.12 Section 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION ..................................... 67
9.13 Section 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS ................................... 70
9.14 Section 14: TRANSPORT INFORMATION ...................................... 71
9.14.1 Basic shipping description ................................................................. 72
9.14.2 Additional information ........................................................................ 72
9.15 Section 15: REGULATORY INFORMATION .................................... 73
9.16 Section 16: OTHER INFORMATION ................................................ 76
10 Labels and labeling ............................................................................ 78
10.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 78
10.2 Scope................................................................................................. 78
10.3 Labeling communication principles .................................................... 79
10.3.1 Comprehension ................................................................................. 79
10.3.2 Layout and design ............................................................................. 79
10.3.2.1 Layout ................................................................................................ 79
10.3.2.2 Color .................................................................................................. 80
10.3.2.3 Type size and style ............................................................................ 80
10.4 Elements of a label ............................................................................ 80
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10.4.1 Importer/Distributor requirements ...................................................... 81
10.5 Durability of a label............................................................................. 81
10.6 Revision of precautionary labeling ..................................................... 81
11 Preparing precautionary labeling ....................................................... 82
11.1 Product identification.......................................................................... 82
11.2 Component identification.................................................................... 82
11.2.1 Trade secrets ..................................................................................... 82
11.3 Signal word ........................................................................................ 82
11.3.1 Poison symbol.................................................................................... 83
11.4 Statement of hazard........................................................................... 83
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11.5 Name, address and telephone number.............................................. 83
11.6 Precautionary statements .................................................................. 83
11.7 References to additional labeling/other documents ........................... 84
12 Review of documents......................................................................... 84
13 Tables of hazard criteria and precautionary label text ....................... 85
Table A Physical Hazards (see Section 4.2) ............................................ 87
Table B Health Hazards: Skin Corrosion/Irritation (see Sections
5.1.1.1 and 5.1.1.2) ............................................................. 91
Table C Health Hazards: Eye Corrosion/Eye Irritation (see Sections
5.1.1.1 and 5.1.1.2) ............................................................. 93
Table D Health Hazards: Respiratory Irritation (see Sections 5.1.1.1
and 5.1.1.2) ........................................................................... 94
Table E Health Hazards: Sensitization (see Section 5.1.2)...................... 95
Table F Health Hazards: Inhalation Toxicity (see Section 5.1.1.3) .......... 96
Table G Health Hazards: Dermal Toxicity (see Section 5.1.1.4) .............. 98
Table H Health Hazards: Oral Toxicity (see Section 5.1.1.5) ................. 100
Table I Additional hazard warning statements ..................................... 103
Part 1 - Examples of optional hazard warning statements........ 103
Part 2 - Environmental hazard warning statements .................. 109
Table J Additional optional precautionary measures statements........... 111
14 Resources ........................................................................................ 123
14.1 American National Standards .......................................................... 123
14.2 Other standards ............................................................................... 123
14.3 Regulatory standards ....................................................................... 123
14.4 References and other useful publications ........................................ 123
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Annexes
A Examples of SDSs and labels ......................................................... 128
B Background: The Globally Harmonized System of
Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) ...................... 157
C Preparation resources document..................................................... 173
D Glossary........................................................................................... 181
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Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010.)
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010, American National Standard for Hazardous Workplace

Chemicals - Hazard Evaluation and Safety Data Sheet and Precautionary Labeling
Preparation, was developed by a technical committee of the American Chemistry
Council (ACC) and was submitted for approval under ACC's ANSI-approved canvass
method operating procedures.
The need for consistent precautionary labeling was recognized in 1944, when the
Manufacturing Chemists Association (which later became the Chemical Manufactur-
ers Association [CMA] and then the American Chemistry Council [ACC]) established
the Labels and Precautionary Information (LAPI) Committee. The LAPI Committee
developed the first published industry guide to precautionary labeling for hazardous
chemicals titled "A Guide for the Preparation of Warning Labels for Hazardous
Chemicals" or Manual L-1. This was converted to American National Standard for
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Hazardous Industrial Chemicals - Precautionary Labeling (ANSI Z129.1) in 1976.

A companion document, American National Standard for Hazardous Industrial
Chemicals - Material Safety Data Sheets - Preparation (ANSI Z400.1-1993), was de-
veloped in recognition of the need for technical guidance for preparing consistent,
clear and complete Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs).
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010 was developed in recognition that ANSI Z129.1 and ANSI
Z400.1 were both hazard communication guidance documents that were generally
used together, by the same audience, and had somewhat similar content. This stan-
dard is the result of the merging of ANSI Z129.1 and ANSI Z400.1 into one compre-
hensive standard on hazard communication. It is organized to reflect the typical work
flow of hazard communicators.
In addition to the merging of ANSI Z129.1 and ANSI Z400.1, several other significant
changes were made to the content of this document:
- References to "industrial chemicals" have been changed to "workplace
chemicals" to more accurately reflect the scope of the OSHA Hazard Commu-
nication Standard and therefore the scope of this Standard.
- Information was added for three additional physical hazards - static accumu-
lating flammable liquids, corrosive to metals, and flammable aerosols.
- The recommendations for First Aid have been updated to reflect the most
current clinical practices.
- Aspiration hazard now includes a signal word recommendation.
Work on this standard was conducted during 2008 - 2009. In late 2009, OSHA pub-
lished the Hazard Communication Proposed Rule (Federal Register, Vol. 74, No.
188, Pages 50280 - 50549) for the adoption of the Globally Harmonized System
(GHS). The question was raised whether to publish a revised ANSI standard without
additional alignment with GHS as originally scheduled or to delay publication until af-
ter GHS is officially adopted by OSHA. After a careful evaluation, the committee de-
cided to publish the standard as originally scheduled for the following reasons:
- It will likely be at least eighteen months following the publication of OSHA's
NPRM before it is enacted. Following GHS adoption by OSHA, there will be at
least a three year transition period. This is a significant period of time during
which the revised ANSI standard will still provide value.
- We believe the new merged standard is a valuable tool that is useful now
and should not be delayed.
vii

- The revised Standard includes information on static accumulating flammable
liquids, and emphasis on combustible dust. These changes are in response to
recommendations made to the committee by the U.S. Chemical Safety Board
(CSB). Additional information is also provided on corrosive to metals.
The committee recognizes that OSHA's implementation of the GHS is likely to occur
within the next few years. We have incorporated some GHS concepts throughout the
text of the Standard, and have enhanced the information included in the GHS annex.
We will monitor developments and will revise the Standard earlier than the regularly
scheduled five years if necessary.
This Standard contains four annexes, all of which are informative and are not consid-
ered part of the Standard.
Suggestions for the improvement of this Standard are welcome and will be consid-
ered for subsequent revisions. They should be addressed to the American Chemistry
Council, 700 2nd Street, NE, Washington, DC 20002.
The following organizations, recognized as having an interest in the standardization
of precautionary labeling of industrial chemicals, were contacted prior to the approval
of this standard. Inclusion in this list does not necessarily imply that an organization
concurred with the version of the proposed Standard submitted to ANSI:
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viii

Aerospace Industries Compressed Gas Association National Lumber & Building
Association Consumer Specialties Product Material Dealers
AFL-CIO Association Association
Air and Waste Management CropLife America National Paint & Coatings
Association Data Interchange Standards Association
Air Conditioning Contractors of Association National Petrochemical &
America, Inc. Defense Supply Center Refiners Association
Ampco Safety Tools Delphi Corporation National Safety Council
American Academy of Clinical Edison Electric Institute National Toxicology Program
Toxicology Environmental Protection ManGuard Systems, Inc.
American Association of Agency Naval Supply Systems
Occupational Health ETAD North America Command
Nurses FM Global North American Insulation
American Association of Poison Dangerous Goods Advisory Manufacturers Association
Control Centers Council Organizational Resource
American Chemical Society ECOLAB Counselors
American Dental Association Honeywell Specialty Materials Pharmaceutical Research and
American Electronics Healthcare Distribution Manufacturers of America
Association Management Association Pfizer, Inc.
American Feed Industry Human Factors and Product Printing Industries of America
Association. Safety Group Product Safety Solutions
American Fiber Manufacturers ICWUC Ctn. for Workers Health Roof Coatings Manufacturers
Association and Safety Ed. Association
American Forest & Paper Independent Lubricant Rubber Manufacturers
Association Manufacturers Association Association
American Industrial Hygiene Industry Canada Screenprinting & Graphic
Association International Association of Fire Imaging Association
American Institute of Chemical Chiefs International
Engineers (AIChE) International Association of Fire Semiconductor Safety
American Iron & Steel Institute Fighters Association
American Petroleum Institute International Institute of Society for Chemical Hazard
American Public Health Synthetic Rubber Communication
Association Producers Society of American Florists
American Supply Association Institute of Makers of Explosives Society of the Plastics Industry
American Trucking Associations International Sanitary Supply Society of Toxicology
American Wood Preservers Association Synthetic Organic Chemical
Institute MDL Information Systems, Inc. Manufacturers Association
Applied Safety and Ergonomics, MRS Associates The Adhesive and Sealant
Inc. National Association of Council, Inc.
Argonne National Laboratory Chemical Distributors The American Society of Safety
Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers National Association of Engineers
Association Emergency Medical The Boeing Company
ASTM E34.40 Haz Com Technicians The Soap and Detergent
Atrion International National Association of Home- Association
Automotive Industry Action builders The Sulphur Institute
Group National Association of Printing The Weinberg Group
Canadian Chemicals Producers Ink Manufacturers United Steelworkers of America
Association National Association of U.S. Consumer Product Safety
ChemADVISOR, Inc. Scientific Materials Commission
Chemical Abstracts Service Managers U.S. Coast Guard
Chemical Producers & National Automobile Dealers U.S. Dept. of Transportation
Distributors Association Association US General Services
Chemical Safety & Hazard National Elevator Industry, Inc. Administration
Investigation Board National Institute of WHS Consulting LLC
CIIT Centers for Health Environmental Health WHMIS Division,
Research Sciences Health Canada
Color Pigments Manufacturers National Institute of Standards
Association and Technology
ix
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The technical committee that developed this revision of the Standard had the follow-
ing members:
Co-Leaders:
David W. Peters Monsanto Company
Anne Stieffenhofer 3M
Working Group Members:

Karen Brooks The Dow Chemical Company
Trish Bruen Air Products & Chemicals, Inc.
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Catherine Croke Evonik Rohmax USA, Inc.
Janice Gadiare Evonik Degussa Corporation
David J. Gasper DuPont
Suzanne Hignet PPG Industries, Inc.
Debra Randall Arkema Inc.
Robin Ruppel-Kerr Bayer Material Science LLC
Sandra Schmidt Sartomer Company, Inc.
Sheryl Small Sasol North America, Inc.
Jennifer Ungvarsky LANXESS Corporation
Susan Blanco ACC Staff
Special Assistance From:

Edwin Bisinger Akzo Nobel Chemicals Inc.
Charlotte Bringer-Guerin Sartomer Company, Inc.
Jayne Clifton Huntsman Corporation

Introduction
The development of new chemicals, the evaluation of existing chemicals and the
ever-widening use of chemicals and chemical processes in a variety of applications
created a need to provide information to people who use, handle or store hazardous
chemicals in the workplace. To address this need, the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) developed the Hazard Communication Standard
(HCS). The HCS requires a hazard evaluation for all chemicals produced or import-
ed. It also requires that information on the chemical hazards be conveyed by means
of a hazard communication program that includes Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDSs), container labeling and employee training.
The American National Standard Institute's American National Standard for Hazard-
ous Industrial Chemicals - Material Safety Data Sheets - Preparation (ANSI Z400.1)
and American National Standard for Hazardous Industrial Chemicals - Precautionary
Labeling (ANSI Z129.1) were written as technical documents to be used as guidance
for complying with the HCS. ANSI Z400.1 and Z129.1 have historically been issued
as separate documents. This ANSI Standard combines and updates both SDS* and
labeling guidance into a single standard. The combined American National Standard
provides SDS and label preparers with one document that:
1) merges hazard communication guidance for SDS and precautionary label-
ing (in a way similar to the Globally Harmonized System [GHS]);
2) provides consistent SDS and label examples for the same product;
3) allows easier cross referencing within the document;
4) harmonizes the references used in previous versions of the Standards;
5) facilitates future Standard revisions because SDS and label issues can be
addressed at the same time; and
6) permits the user to purchase one robust standard.
* To be consistent with the GHS and with OSHA, this Standard will use the term "Safety Data
Sheet" (SDS) to replace "Material Safety Data Sheet" (MSDS).
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xii
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010


1 General
1.1 Safety data sheet (SDS)
The SDS is an important resource and provides a wide range of information. Details on material identity,
manufacturer information, hazard classification, emergency information, instructions on what to do if a
hazardous situation has occurred, information on the prevention of hazardous situations, as well as other
technical information are contained in an SDS.
The HCS provides little information regarding the format of an SDS. In 1993, the ANSI Z400.1 Standard
was developed to address the need for an SDS format that was comprehensive, understandable and
consistent. A complete, logical and internally consistent SDS is more likely to result from an orderly
approach.
1.2 Precautionary labeling
The dissemination of hazard information includes appropriate precautionary statements that are
expressed as simply and briefly as possible on labels affixed to containers of hazardous chemicals.
Precautionary statements are also used in other written material provided to workers.
The term “labeling” as used in this Standard includes container labels and other documents,
including SDSs, that contain precautionary and hazard communication information. The term
precautionary labeling includes hazard warning statements and other precautionary statements.
It is imperative that both the SDS and other precautionary labeling be provided in a manner that is
consistent, accurate, clear and concise.
This Standard is organized to present concepts and guidance to those involved in the preparation of
SDSs and other Precautionary Labeling.
1
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
2 Scope, purpose and application
2.1 Scope
This Standard applies to the preparation of SDSs and precautionary labeling for hazardous chemicals
used under occupational conditions. It presents basic information on how to develop and write SDSs and
precautionary labels. It also identifies information that must be included to comply with the HCS.
Additional information is provided to help comply with state and federal environmental and safety laws
and regulations. Elements of this Standard may also be acceptable for international use. This Standard
is not intended to address the distribution of SDSs.
This Standard is not intended to provide a rote specification for complying with the HCS or any other
government requirements. Safety data sheet and precautionary labeling requirements and definitions are
subject to change. It is the responsibility of the SDS and label preparer to be aware of current HCS
requirements.
This Standard must be applied in a manner consistent with all statutory and regulatory requirements,
including the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hazard
Communication Standard (HCS; 29 CFR 1910.1200) and the substance specific standards (29 CFR
1910.1001-1052).
There are use-specific statutory and regulatory requirements for some chemical products that are outside
the scope of OSHA HCS and therefore may have different SDS and/or labeling requirements. Some
examples include:
 consumer products regulated by the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA),
 medical products regulated by the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA),
 pesticides regulated by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA),
 materials in transportation regulated by the Department of Transportation (DOT) Hazardous
Materials Regulations, and
 laboratory chemicals regulated under 29 CFR 1910.1450, the “OSHA Laboratory Standard”.
See 29 CFR 1910.1200(b) for information on the scope and application of the HCS.
For example, a company that manufactures aspirin tablets does not need to produce and distribute SDSs
to individuals that are taking aspirin to treat pain or some other medical condition. This includes aspirin
tablets taken by a worker in the workplace. In this scenario, the aspirin would fall under the jurisdiction of
the FDA, not OSHA. However, the company would be required to produce OSHA hazard communication
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documents (such as an SDS and labels) for workers who may be exposed to aspirin powder during the
manufacture of the tablets.
It is not the intent of this Standard to substitute for specific regulatory requirements or to list each and
every unique requirement. Where there is a conflict between the applicable regulations and this
Standard, the regulations must take precedence over this Standard. References to the Code of Federal
Regulations (CFR) in the Standard are to the January 1, 2009 edition of the CFR.
2.2 Purpose
The purpose of this Standard is to provide:

 a common and consistent approach for assessing chemical hazards;
 a framework to communicate useful and understandable information on hazardous workplace
chemicals;
 an SDS format that will allow inclusion of information to comply with applicable laws; and
 guidance for the preparation of precautionary labeling.
2
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
This Standard is based on two general principles. Foremost, SDSs and precautionary labeling should
provide sufficient information for the safe handling of the chemical. The precautionary information should
be based on the inherent properties of the chemical and include recommendations on how to avoid
potentially hazardous exposures resulting from customary and reasonably foreseeable occupational use,
misuse, handling and storage.
Second, the precautionary information should neither overstate nor minimize the hazards or precautions
for the chemical. Some chemicals may not be inherently hazardous and do not present a potential for
harm in customary or reasonably foreseeable occupational use, misuse, handling and storage. For these
chemicals, SDSs and precautionary labeling may not be necessary.
2.3 Application
This Standard applies to SDSs and precautionary labeling.
2.3.1 Audience
This Standard is designed as an aid for individuals responsible for developing and reviewing SDSs and
precautionary labeling of hazardous workplace chemicals. The Standard is most effectively used by
individuals who are qualified by education, professional training and/or experience in the field of hazard
communication. The Standard assumes that the hazard communication professional is fully aware of the
current regulatory requirements. These regulatory requirements may be dependent on where the
chemical is manufactured and used, and its intended end uses. As emphasized in the Scope, this
Standard is not designed to replace, but is to be used in conjunction with the appropriate regulatory
requirements.
2.3.2 Content and organization
The content of this document is based on professional judgment of expert SDS authors and label
preparers. The information is presented in the order that it is likely to be utilized. Within this Standard,
the intended interpretation of the words “shall, must, should, may and can” range in degree from
compliance with the OSHA HCS to a voluntary, permissible or possibly appropriate action by the SDS
author and label preparer.
This ANSI publication contains two parts - the Standard and the annexes. The annexes are provided as
ancillary information that may be useful to the reader but are not an official part of the Standard.
2.3.3 Hazard evaluation and communication process flow
The following diagram represents the seven steps of hazard evaluation and communication. These steps
are identified across the top of the diagram. The considerations entailed in each step are shown in the
columns below the step. The numbers in parentheses are chapter and sub-chapter references that should
be consulted for more detail.
Each step can be performed by the same person or several people. The hazard evaluation steps (2-4)
can be performed in any order.

--`,``,,`,`,`,`
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Step 4
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
Perform
Gather Perform physical Perform health
environmental
information hazard evaluation hazard evaluation
hazard evaluation
(3.2) (4.3) (5.2 & 5.3)
(6.3)
Fire Environmental
Product Immediate
hazard hazard
identifier (5.1.1)
(4.2.1) (6.2)
Flammability Corrosive
(4.2.1.1) (5.1.1.1)
Composition
Gases
Irritant
(4.2.1.1.1)
(5.1.1.2)
Go to Step 5
Trade secret Liquids Next Page
determination (4.2.1.1.2)
Inhalation
(11.2.1) (5.1.1.3)
Static
accumulating
(4.2.1.1.2.1) Dermal
(5.1.1.4)
Physical
properties Solids
(4.2.1.1.3)
Oral
Aerosols (5.1.1.5)
(4.2.1.1.4)
Chemical
properties Aspiration
Oxidizer (5.1.1.5.4)
(4.2.1.2)
Internal/trade Organic peroxide Allergic reaction

reports (4.2.1.3) (5.1.2)
Pyrophoric Delayed
(4.2.1.4) (5.1.3)
Published
literature
Pressure-generating Target organ
(4.2.2) (5.1.3.1)
Vendor SDSs Water

Carcinogenicity
reactive
(5.1.3.2)
(4.2.3)
Compressed Reproductive/
Appendix C Developmental/
gas
of this Standard Teratogenic
(4.2.4)
(5.1.3.3)
Cryogenic
liquid Mutagenicity
(4.2.5) (5.1.3.4)
Unstable
reactive
(4.2.6)
Corrosive
to metal
(4.2.7)
4
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Step 7
Step 5 Step 6
Check document
Write/review safety Write/review
consistency/
data sheet labeling/ label
side-by-side review
(8 - 9) (10 - 11)
(12)
Layout/ Comprehension Product

Design (10.3.1) identifier
(8.2.1)
Layout/
Reading level/ Design Component
comprehension (10.3.2) identification
(8.2.2)
Label elements
Organization (10.4) Signal word
(8.3)
Product
Statement(s) of
Evaluation identification
hazard(s)
(8.4) (11.1)
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Component First aid/

Internal consistency Notes to physician
(8.4.1) identification
(11.2)
Name, address,
Headers/
Signal word telephone
Footers
(11.3)
(8.4.2)
Emergency contact
Statement(s) information
Document
of hazard(s)
identifier
(11.4)
(8.4.3)
Precautionary
statements
Name, address,
Review/Prep.
telephone
date
(11.5)
(8.4.4) Other
information
Precautionary
Page/section statements
numbers (11.6)
(8.4.5)
First aid/
Units of Notes to physician
measure (9.4.1/9.4.3)
(8.4.6)
Fire; spill/leak;
No blank hand/storage;
fields other docs.
(8.4.7) (9.5; 9.6; 9.7; 11.7)
SDS Sections Durability

(9.x) (10.5)
Regulatory/legal Regulatory/legal
compliance compliance
(2.1) (2.1) 5

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
3 Hazard evaluation
The HCS requires that the SDS and precautionary labeling present the known hazards of the material.
The properties, characteristics and composition of the individual material are variables that can affect the
hazard.
Hazard evaluation, also known as hazard determination, is the process of evaluating all relevant data and
producing scientifically sound conclusions that identify the specific hazards of a particular chemical.
The HCS is a hazard-based standard, not a risk-based standard. Hazard evaluation is not the same as
risk assessment. An assessment of risk involves the evaluation of hazard and exposure information to
estimate the probability that an adverse effect will occur under specific exposure conditions.
For additional information on the hazard evaluation process, see 29 CFR 1910.1200 (OSHA), Appendix B
titled, “Hazard Determination”, and also “ Guidance for Hazard Determination for Compliance with the
OSHA Hazard Communication Standard” (OSHA) dated October 12, 2009. (see www.OSHA.gov).
3.1 Definition of a hazard
For the purposes of this Standard, hazard is an inherent property of a chemical to cause harm. A
chemical can be classified as a physical hazard, health hazard and/or an environmental hazard.
Hazards can be either immediate or delayed. A chemical may present additional hazards as a result of
customary or reasonably foreseeable handling, storage, use, misuse and emergencies. These hazards
include any hazardous reaction products that may be formed during recommended storage, handling or
use of the product. For example, intended conditions of use of a chemical as recommended by the
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manufacturer may include elevated temperatures or pressures that may result in the release of a
hazardous chemical. These hazards should also be included in the hazard evaluation.
In addition, scientifically valid information on other hazards that may not be explicitly stated by regulatory
agencies should also be evaluated. These may contribute to the overall hazards of a material. They may
include hazards such as combustible dusts, static accumulating flammable liquids, toxicity to soil-dwelling
creatures, etc.
3.2 Collecting the information
As a first step, an evaluator needs to collect information about the material. This information includes:
 all components and known impurities, with Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry numbers where
available and concentrations;
 determine trade secret components
 physical, chemical and environmental characteristics;
 uses and reasonably foreseeable misuses;
 toxicity information obtained from:
 internal company testing;
 SDSs or letters from suppliers;
 published sources of information;
 trade association testing or communication;
 Annex C of this Standard, which provides a list of useful resources.
The evaluator should document the references and sources of information used in the hazard evaluation.
This information will provide needed internal documentation. It will also help an author update the SDS
and precautionary labeling, answer inquiries and provide a historical reference.
6
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
3.3 Evaluating hazards
To perform a hazard evaluation, the collected data are assessed according to the appropriate HCS
regulatory criteria. The criteria for hazard evaluation in the Globally Harmonized System (GHS), Canada,
the European Union and other legal jurisdictions are different from the criteria used under the HCS.
Professional judgment plays an important role in evaluating hazards.
The evaluation forms the basis for what is written on the SDS and precautionary labeling. The following
chapters provide definitions and supporting criteria for hazards and guidance on the hazard evaluation
process.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
4 Physical hazards
4.1 Definition of a physical hazard
A physical hazard is a chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible
liquid, compressed gas, explosive, flammable, organic peroxide, oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive),
or water-reactive.
Other properties that may contribute to the physical hazard should be considered. Some examples are
combustible dust, static accumulating flammable liquids, and corrosive to metal. (See subsections below).
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Identify appropriate methods, units of measure or reference conditions for properties if applicable. If
included, clearly identify specific properties that do not apply or for which data are not available. Where
data for a mixture are not available but data for a major component do exist, this information may be
provided with a suitable identification that the data apply to one component. It may be useful to indicate
the resulting properties of a chemical which has been dissolved in water.
4.2 Physical hazard criteria
The following criteria are used throughout this Standard and apply when developing appropriate
precautionary statements for hazardous workplace chemical labels. They serve only as a guide for
applying the labeling principles set forth in this Standard. Table A in Chapter 13 contains examples of
appropriate precautionary label text.
It should be noted that varying degrees of differences exist between the regulatory definitions and criteria
for classification between different regulatory agencies. In some cases, the criteria set forth in this
Standard may not match those established by a particular regulatory authority.
The test method specified by the regulations is based on the physical properties of the substance.
Selection of the incorrect test method can yield an inappropriate value resulting in the wrong
classification. It is very important that the method used to determine the physical hazard property match
those defined in the appropriate regulations.
4.2.1 Fire hazard chemical

A fire hazard chemical is a material falling within any of the following categories: flammability hazards,
oxidizers, or pyrophoric chemicals. Where definitions differ between regulatory authorities, the source(s)
of the definition is noted.
4.2.1.1 Flammability hazards
4.2.1.1.1 Gases
A flammable gas is:

 OSHA
1) A gas that, at ambient temperatures and pressure, forms a flammable mixture with air at a
concentration of thirteen (13) percent by volume or less;
OR
8
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
2) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a range of flammable mixtures with air wider
than twelve (12) percent by volume, regardless of the lower limit.
OR
 DOT
A material that is a gas at 68ºF (20ºC) or less and 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) of pressure (a material that has a
boiling point of 68ºF (20ºC) or less at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) which:
1) is ignitable at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) when in a mixture of 13% or less by volume with air; OR
2) has a flammable range at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) with air of at least 12% regardless of the lower limit.
4.2.1.1.2 Liquids
Significant regulatory differences exist between DOT, OSHA and CPSC even when applied to the same
material. The definitions offered in this Standard for "extremely flammable,” “flammable" and
"combustible" are based on a combination of the classification criteria from these regulations and may be
used to promote consistent use of these terms. The full range of warnings for potential flammability
hazards up to a flash point of 200F (93C) will continue to be covered by the Standard.
 extremely flammable liquid:

a) Any liquid having a flash point at or below 20F (-6.7C), OR
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b) Any liquid having a flash point of not more than 140F (60C) and a boiling point of not more than
95F (35C).
 flammable liquid: Any liquid having a flash point of not more than 140F (60C) and a boiling point
greater than 95F (35C).
 combustible liquid: Any liquid having a flash point above 140F (60C) and below 200F (93C).
Note that a flammable liquid with a flash point at or above 100ºF (38ºC) may be considered a
‘combustible liquid’ for purposes of this Standard. See more details on the DOT regulations below.
For purposes of classification, an accurate determination of the flash point is highly dependent on
the method used. Flash points determined by methods other than those specified in the
applicable regulations can yield results inconsistent with the intended classification criteria and
can result in improper classifications. Refer to the Glossary for a description of applicable flash point
test methods.
OSHA regulations, at 29 CFR 1910.1200(c), currently define combustible liquids as any liquid having a
flash point at or above 100F (37.8C) but below 200F (93.3C), except any mixture having components
with flashpoints of 200F (93.3C) or higher, the total volume of which make up 99% or more of the total
volume of the mixture. Flammable liquids are defined as any liquid having a flash point below 100F
(37.8C) except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 100F (37.8C) or higher, the total
volume of which make up 99% or more of the total volume of the mixture.
DOT classification and labeling requirements may be different from those in the OSHA Hazard
Communication Standard. The OSHA HCS requires (29 CFR 1910.1200(f)(3)) that each container
leaving the workplace must be labeled in a manner that does not conflict with the Hazardous Materials
Transportation Act and regulations issued under that act by the DOT.
Current DOT regulations (49 CFR 173.120(b)(2)) provide a limited exception for flammable liquids with a
flash point at or above 100F (37.8C) for domestic ground transportation purposes. This provision does
not apply to transportation by vessel or aircraft, except where other means of transportation are
impracticable. These liquids may be reclassified as combustible liquids provided that they do not meet
the definition of any other hazard class.

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Users wishing to exercise these exceptions will not need to classify these liquids as flammable or
extremely flammable liquids.
CPSC regulations, at 16 CFR 1500.3(c)(6), currently define extremely flammable liquids as those having
a flash point at or below 20F (-6.7C), flammable liquids as those having a flash point above 20F
(-6.7C) to less than 100F (37.8C), and combustible liquids as those having a flash point of 100F
(37.8C) up to and including 150F (65.6C).
4.2.1.1.2.1 Static-accumulating flammable liquids
Static charge can be produced in low conductivity liquids by pumping, agitation, filtration, and motion
(e.g., splash filling, pipeline flow and switchloading between combustible and flammable liquids) and can
accumulate in such liquids.
A static-accumulating flammable liquid is a low conductivity liquid that is capable of accumulating static
charge and producing a flammable vapor/air mixture which may be ignited by spark discharges caused
directly or indirectly by the charged liquid. It is important to note that a liquid of low electrical conductivity
is capable of generating and accumulating static charge under flow conditions even when handled in
conductive, grounded equipment. In addition, the liquid's conductivity is dependent on its purity and
temperature.
Note: Consistent with recommendations made by the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation
Board (CSB), the following physical criteria should be considered in evaluating whether a chemical is a
static accumulating flammable liquid:
1
1. Liquid conductivity <100 pS/m (picosiemans/meter) at 25C (77F)
2. Flammability, flashpoint < 37.3 C (100 F) (Class I Flammable Liquid as defined by
NFPA-30).
The following are examples of hazard identification:
Example:
This liquid may accumulate static electricity when filling properly grounded containers.
Example:
Static electricity accumulation may be significantly increased by the presence of small quantities of water
or other contaminants.
For more information, see the following:
OSHA Standard - Flammable and combustible liquid, 29 CFR 1910.106

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1
Several industry standards recommend <50 pS/m (picosiemans/meter) at 25C (77F)
See API, “Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Static, Lightening and Stray Currents,: API Recommended
Practice 2003, Seventh edition, 2008; and, Oil Companies International Forum, et al, “International Safety Guide for
Oil Tankers and Terminals,” Third edition, 1988, with May 1991 addendum, Witherby & Co. Ltd., London.
10
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
NFPA 77 - Recommended Practice on Static Electricity (2007).
API RP-2003 - Protection Against Ignitions Arising out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Current, American
Petroleum Institute, 7th ed, (2008).
Generation and Control of Static Electricity in Coatings Operations, Copyrighted by the National Paint and
Coatings Association (NPCA).
4.2.1.1.3 Solids
 flammable solid: A solid, other than an explosive, that is liable to cause fire through friction,
absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained heat from manufacturing or
processing, or that can be ignited readily and, when ignited, burns so vigorously and persistently that
it creates a hazard. A chemical is considered to be a flammable solid if, when tested by the method
described in 16 CFR 1500.44, it ignites and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than
one-tenth of an inch per second along its major axis.
 combustible dust: A solid material composed of distinct particles or pieces, regardless of size,
shape, or chemical composition, which presents a fire or deflagration hazard when suspended in air
or some other oxidizing medium over a range of concentrations.
Different dusts of the same chemical material will have different ignitability and explosibility
characteristics, depending upon many variables, such as particle size, shape and moisture content.
Additionally, these variables can change. For example, particle size and moisture content may change
while the material is passing through process equipment.
4.2.1.1.4 Flammable aerosols (flammables in self-pressurized containers)
The hazards of this category are the flammable nature of the contents and/or propellant and the fact that
they are under pressure. Non-refillable aerosol dispensers (self-pressurized containers) are containers
made of metal, glass or plastics that contain a gas that is compressed, liquefied or dissolved under
pressure (with or without a liquid, paste or powder). A self-pressurized container does not need an
external source of pressure such as air or water to expel its contents. The container is fitted with a valve
(release device) that allows the contents to be ejected:
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 as solid or liquid particles in suspension in a gas;
 as a foam, paste or powder;
 in a liquid state, OR
 in a gaseous state.
References:
 OSHA Hazard Communication Guidance for Combustible Dusts, OSHA 3371-08 2009;
 Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board US CSB, Report No. 2003-09-1-Ky, February, 2005;
 NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosion from the Manufacturing,
Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids, 2006 edition
4.2.1.2 Oxidizer
 OSHA
A chemical other than a blasting agent or explosive that initiates or promotes combustion in other
materials, thereby causing fire either of itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases as defined
in 29 CFR 1910.109(a).
11

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Oxidizers exist in every physical state. Materials may be evaluated for oxidizing characteristics using the
appropriate test methods in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (current edition).
4.2.1.3 Organic peroxide
— OSHA
An organic compound that contains the bivalent -O-O- structure and which may be considered to be a
structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by
an organic radical.
— DOT
Any organic peroxide containing oxygen (O) in the bivalent -O-O- structure and that may be considered to
be a structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been
replaced by an organic radical. Thermally unstable organic peroxides may decompose, sometimes
violently.
An organic peroxide is considered thermally unstable if its Self Accelerating Decomposition Temperature
(SADT) is less than 50ºC for a 50 kg package (49 CFR 173.128).
An organic peroxide is considered thermally stable if its SADT is equal to or greater than 50ºC for a 50 kg
package (49 CFR 173.128).
4.2.1.4 Pyrophoric chemical
 OSHA
A chemical that will ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 130F (54.4C) or below.
Materials may be evaluated for pyrophoric hazards using the appropriate test methods in the UN Manual
of Tests and Criteria (current edition).
4.2.2 Pressure-generating chemical
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A chemical that meets either of the following criteria:
1) May present a pressure hazard, typically over time by decomposition and/or spontaneous
polymerization; OR
2) Is used to pressurize the contents of a self-pressurized container.
4.2.3 Water reactive chemical
A chemical that reacts with water to release a gas that is either flammable and/or presents a health
hazard.
4.2.4 Compressed gas
 OSHA
1) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70°F
(21.1°C); OR
2) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at
130°F (54.4°C) regardless of the pressure at 70°F (21.1°C); OR
12
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
3) A liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100°F (37.8°C) as determined by ASTM
D323-72.
 DOT
 compressed gas (nonflammable, nonpoisonous compressed gas-including compressed gas,
liquefied gas, pressurized cryogenic gas in solution, asphyxiant gas and oxidizing gas): Any
material (or mixture) which (1) exerts in the packaging an absolute pressure of 280 kPa (40.6
psia) at 68°F and (2) does not meet the definition of Divisions 2.1 or 2.3.
 compressed gas (liquefied): A gas, which when packaged under pressure for transportation is
partially liquid at a temperature of -58°F (-50°C).
o High pressure liquefied gas has a critical temperature between -58°F (-50°C) and 149°F (65°C).
o Low pressure liquefied gas has a critical temperature above 149°F (65°C).
 compressed gas (non-liquefied): A gas, which when packaged under pressure for transportation
is entirely gaseous at a temperature of -58°F (-50°C) with a critical temperature less than or equal
to -58°F (-50°C).
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4.2.5 Cryogenic liquid
A refrigerated liquefied gas having a boiling point colder than -130°F (-90°C) at atmospheric pressure.
4.2.6 Unstable reactive (dangerously reactive chemical)
A chemical which in the pure state, or as produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose,
condense or will become self-reactive under conditions of shock, pressure or temperature.
4.2.7 Corrosive to metal
- DOT
A chemical with a corrosion rate on either steel or aluminum surfaces exceeding 6.25 mm (0.25 inch) per
year at a test temperature of 55°C (130°F).
4.3 Physical hazard evaluation
For the purpose of this Standard, a physical hazard evaluation is the process of determining whether a
chemical substance is a physical hazard. The results of the appropriately conducted physical hazard
evaluation will support the decision as to what physical hazard information needs to be included in
precautionary labeling, such as the safety data sheet (SDS) and the container label.
The physical hazard evaluation process relies to a great extent on the use of professional judgment. The
professional judgment of the person conducting the physical hazard evaluation is a key factor for
identifying the chemical hazards, which then may be communicated effectively via precautionary labeling.
It is necessary for the hazard evaluator to have a basic understanding of the types of data and
information that are contained in a report or publication and for determining if the appropriate test method
was used.
The steps or procedures used for the physical hazard evaluation should be documented and accessible.
13

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
4.3.1 Sources of information
If a chemical has been tested to determine its physical hazards, the test results should be used. For an
untested chemical the evaluator should use any available, scientifically valid data and methods (such as
mathematical models or structure activity relationships), if applicable, when estimating a chemical’s
physical hazard potential. In addition, for untested mixtures, the hazards of a mixture’s components may
be considered when estimating the mixture’s physical hazard potential. For example, the lowest
measured flashpoint of all components in the mixture could be used as a “worst case” or “most
conservative” scenario to estimate a mixture’s flashpoint. However, when an estimate does not meet a
regulatory requirement (e.g., DOT’s Hazardous Material Regulations, 49 CFR Parts 170-180), the only
acceptable option may be to test the chemical or mixture to determine its physical hazards.
Some example physical properties that may impact the physical hazard evaluation include: appearance
(physical form, shape); physical state; pH; melting/freezing point); initial boiling point and boiling range;
flash point; evaporation rate; flammability (solid, gas); upper/lower flammability or explosive limits; vapor
pressure; vapor density; specific gravity or relative density; solubility(ies); autoignition temperature;
decomposition temperature; particle size; viscosity; saturated vapor concentration; and molecular
formula.
4.4 Statements of physical hazards
See Table A in Chapter 13. For additional statements, see Table I in Chapter 13.
4.5 Physical hazard precautionary statements
See Table A in Chapter 13. For additional statements, see Table J in Chapter 13.
14 --`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
5 Health hazards
5.1 Definition of a health hazard
A health hazard is the inherent property of a chemical to cause an adverse effect on human health
following exposure. Exposures to chemicals can be either acute or chronic. Acute exposure is typically
a single, short-term exposure (usually less than 24 hours). Chronic exposure is continuous or repeated
exposure over a long period of time.
Health hazards can be either immediate or delayed. Immediate health effects are usually of short
duration and reversible (e.g., eye or skin irritation, narcosis), but may be of longer duration and may not
be reversible (e.g., eye or skin corrosion, death). Such effects generally manifest themselves soon after
an acute exposure. The term “acute toxicity” may be used to describe immediate effects following single
or short-term exposure to a substance. Acute toxicity/immediate health effects can be determined using
human health effects data and LD50/LC50 studies.
There may be delayed onset of health effects after an acute exposure. Delayed health effects are the
result of a single, short-term, continuous or chronic exposure. Such effects manifest themselves over a
long period of time and are usually irreversible or of long duration (e.g., cancer, birth defects). The term
“chronic toxicity” may be used to describe the results of delayed health effects in humans and repeated-
dose/chronic studies.
Health effects can be either local or systemic. Local health effects occur primarily at the site of contact
or exposure (e.g., chemical burns). Systemic health effects occur, following absorption and circulation,
in a part or parts of the body distant from the site of exposure or administration (e.g., lead ingestion and
neurological effects).
Physical form and particle size of the material should be considered. For example, a solid or semisolid
hydrocarbon such as petrolatum is not likely to be aspirated following ingestion. However, aspiration of a
liquid hydrocarbon should be considered.
5.1.1 Immediate health hazard criteria
5.1.1.1 Corrosive
A corrosive chemical causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations in living tissue by chemical
action at the site of contact (e.g., eyes, skin, digestive tract or respiratory tract). Corrosivity is determined
by using recognized testing guidelines or other appropriate procedures, which may include validated in
vitro tests.
The term corrosive as used in this section of the Standard does not refer to action on inanimate surfaces
(e.g., metals). Corrosivity to metals does not necessarily indicate corrosivity to skin or eye tissue and vice
versa. See Section 4.2.7 of the Standard for information on corrosivity to metals.
5.1.1.2 Irritant
An irritant is a non-corrosive chemical that causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by
chemical action at the site of contact. Irritants can affect the eyes, skin, respiratory and digestive tracts.
The potential for eye and skin irritation can be determined by using recognized guidelines or other
appropriate techniques. A number of published approaches for classifying the degree of irritation are
available, including the OSHA HCS that defines a skin irritant as a chemical that when tested by
15
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appropriate techniques results in an empirical test score of “five or more.” There may be instances where
labeling for mechanical irritation (irritation due to friction) could be considered. Professional judgment
should be used.
Skin irritants may include defatting agents that, by removal of natural skin oils, cause irritation following
prolonged or repeated exposure.
Respiratory and gastrointestinal tract irritation/corrosion should also be considered. Data for these
endpoints may come from reported human experience. Toxicology studies are generally not conducted
specifically for these endpoints. However, clinical signs or histopathological results observed during
single or repeated animal inhalation/oral studies may indicate respiratory/gastrointestinal irritation. In
some cases it is appropriate to extrapolate eye and/or skin irritation data and assume that respiratory
and/or gastrointestinal irritation may also occur.
5.1.1.3 Inhalation
5.1.1.3.1 Highly toxic (poison) by inhalation
A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 parts per million (ppm) by volume or
less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume or dust, when administered by
continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less, if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between
200 and 300 grams each.
5.1.1.3.2 Toxic by inhalation
A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of more than 200 parts per million (ppm),
but not more than 2,000 parts per million (ppm) by volume of gas or vapor, or more than 2 milligrams per
liter, but not more than 20 milligrams per liter, of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous
inhalation for 1 hour (or less, if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300
grams each.
5.1.1.3.3 Simple asphyxiants
A chemical that is a physically inert vapor or gas that produces suffocation by displacing oxygen in the
breathable air.
5.1.1.3.4 Additional information for inhalation toxicity
Technological advances in inhalation toxicity for aerosols and changes in classification have resulted in
test procedures that require four-hour exposure times and the exposure concentration measurements to
be expressed in mg/L. This provides more precise data but does not allow direct conversion to the one-
hour exposures required in some classification schemes. In order to avoid duplicate testing, formulas are
used in certain cases (most notably transportation classifications) to convert four-hour exposure values to
one-hour exposure values. A conversion factor multiplier of four (4) is used for particulates and two (2) is
used for vapors. Applications of such extrapolations should involve professional judgment.
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5.1.1.4 Dermal
5.1.1.4.1 Highly toxic (poison) by skin contact
A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 mg/kg or less of body weight when administered
by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less, if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino
rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each.
5.1.1.4.2 Toxic by skin contact
A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 200 mg/kg, but no more than 1,000 mg/kg
of body weight, when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less, if death occurs within 24
hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each.
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5.1.1.4.3 Harmful by skin contact
A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 1,000 mg/kg, but no more than 2,000 mg/kg
of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24-hours (or less, if death occurs within 24
hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each.
5.1.1.5 Oral
5.1.1.5.1 Highly toxic (poison) by ingestion
A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 mg/kg or less of body weight when administered
orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
5.1.1.5.2 Toxic by ingestion
A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 50 mg/kg, but no more than 500 mg/kg of
body weight, when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
5.1.1.5.3 Harmful by ingestion
A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 500 mg/kg but no more than 2,000 mg/kg of
body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
5.1.1.5.4 Aspiration
Aspiration means the entry of a liquid or solid chemical directly through the mouth or nose, or indirectly
from vomiting, following ingestion, into the trachea and lungs. Although the definition of
aspiration includes the entry of solids into the respiratory system, for the purposes of this Standard,
aspiration applies to liquids only.
Aspiration of certain chemicals may lead to chemical pneumonitis, an acute inflammation of the lungs that
can be life threatening. Chemicals that should be considered when determining potential for aspiration
hazard include the following:
17

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- certain low viscosity (less than 100 Saybolt Universal Seconds [SUS] or approximately 20 centistokes
[cSt] at 100°F) petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., kerosene, mineral seal oil, naphtha, gasoline, mineral
spirits, Stoddard solvent and related petroleum distillates)
- aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, toluene and xylene)
- halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g., perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride)
- products containing 10% or more by weight of the above.
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5.1.2 Allergic reactions (sensitizer)
A chemical that, following an initial exposure, causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or
animals to develop an allergic reaction (skin or respiratory) in normal tissue upon subsequent exposure to
that chemical. It is the result of a complex immune reaction. An allergic reaction may occur the second
time a person is exposed to the chemical allergen, or may not occur until years later, following repeated
exposure to the allergen. Once sensitization has been induced, allergic reactions may be triggered by
very low doses of the chemical allergen. Respiratory allergic reactions are of particular concern since the
reactions can be severe and may be fatal.
5.1.3 Delayed health hazard criteria
5.1.3.1 Target organ effects
Organs or tissues where the major adverse effects occur are generally referred to as target organs.
Some chemicals only cause target organ effects at very high doses in animal testing. Damage that
results from testing under unusual conditions or when other unique circumstances are involved, are not
usually addressed on a label. These effects may be described in other precautionary labeling, such as
the SDS.
In some cases, adverse effects that are produced in the target organ(s) may result in adverse effects in
other, secondary organs or tissues. Damage to secondary organs other than the target organ(s) is not
usually addressed on a label but may be described in other precautionary labeling, such as the SDS. For
example, a chemical causes the red blood cells to be destroyed. This damage can result in kidney
failure. Labeling the kidney as a target organ for this substance would be misleading because the primary
toxicity is to the red blood cells. In this case, recommended precautionary measures to protect the red
blood cells will also protect the kidneys. Kidney effects, though not included on the label, may be
discussed in the SDS.
OSHA addresses cancer, reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity separately from other target
organ effects.
5.1.3.2 Carcinogenicity/Cancer
A carcinogen is defined as a material that causes cancer. OSHA considers a chemical to be a

carcinogen subject to labeling requirements if:
1) It is listed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and found to be a human
carcinogen (Group 1) or a probable human carcinogen (Group 2A) [Note: IARC Group 2B
carcinogens do not need to be identified as such on the label, but must be added to the SDS]; OR
2) It is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published

by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition); OR
3) OSHA regulates it as a carcinogen (29 CFR 1910.1001 - et seq.); OR
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4) The manufacturer or importer considers it to be a carcinogen based on available data, including

information from other agencies and regulatory bodies (e.g., ACGIH, EPA).
Other agencies and regulatory bodies also define and classify carcinogens, (e.g., ACGIH, EPA).
The following references can be used to evaluate carcinogenicity data for chemicals not listed or
regulated by the above organizations. Professional scientific judgment should be used in these
evaluations.
 J. Ashby, et al., "A Scheme for Classifying Carcinogens," Vol. 12 Regulatory Toxicology and
Pharmacology, pp. 270-295 (1990).
 IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, International Agency for
Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
 US EPA Office of Research and Development Final Guidelines for Carcinogenic Risk
Assessment, EPA # 630/P-03/001F (March 2005)
For labeling recommendations for carcinogenicity, see Section 5.4.1.3.1.
5.1.3.3 Reproductive, developmental and teratogenic effects
Both reproductive and developmental toxicity have been described as forms of target organ toxicity in
which the reproductive organs or the developing fetus are affected. Reproductive toxicants are those
chemicals that affect male or female fertility while developmental toxicants affect embryonic/fetal
development. Developmental toxicity has also been broadly defined to include any effect interfering with
normal development and includes embryotoxic/fetotoxic effects, teratogenic effects or other effects that
occur before and after birth. A teratogen usually refers to a chemical that causes malformations or
permanent structural change in the embryo or fetus that may adversely affect survival, development or
function.
Identification of reproductive/developmental/teratogenic toxicants is usually based on the specific effects

they have on the reproductive organs and developing embryos/fetuses. These effects may be observed
in acute, subchronic, reproductive, developmental and teratogenicity studies in animals. Epidemiological
studies and case reports of adverse effects should also be considered. Professional scientific judgment
should be used when evaluating effects on specific reproductive organs or on developing fetuses/
embryos.
The following references can be used to evaluate reproductive/developmental data for chemicals:
 US EPA Guidelines for Developmental Toxicity Risk Assessment. 56 Federal Register 63798-
63826 (Dec. 5, 1991).
 US EPA Guidelines for Reproductive Toxicity Risk Assessment. 61 Federal Register 56274-
56322 (Oct. 31, 1996).
 Moore JA, et al. An Evaluative Process for Assessing Human Reproductive and Developmental
Toxicity of Agents. 1995. Reproductive Toxicology 9(1): 61-95.
For labeling recommendations for reproductive and developmental toxicity, see Section 5.4.1.3.2.
5.1.3.4 Mutagenicity
A mutagen is a substance or agent capable of altering genetic material (e.g., DNA and chromosomes) in
a living cell.
Existing animal and epidemiological evidence have not established the link between chemical exposures
and heritable genetic damage (e.g., germ cell mutations) in humans. However, mutagenicity data may be
supportive in determining human cancer risk. If supporting evidence demonstrates a causal relationship
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between such data and human effects, then labeling for the human effect is appropriate. No
precautionary labeling recommendations will be made for mutagens in this Standard.
5.2 Health hazard evaluation
For the purpose of this Standard, a health hazard evaluation is the process of determining whether a
chemical substance is either an immediate or delayed health hazard, or both. The results of the
appropriately conducted health hazard evaluation will support the decision as to what health hazard
information needs to be included in precautionary labeling, such as the SDS and the container label.
The health hazard evaluation process relies to a great extent on the use of professional judgment. The
professional judgment of the person conducting the health hazard evaluation is a key factor for identifying
the chemical hazards, which then may be communicated effectively via precautionary labeling. It is
necessary for the hazard evaluator to have a basic understanding of the types of data and information
that need to be presented in a study report or publication, and for determining if the study was designed
and conducted according to established scientific principles.
The steps or procedures used for the health hazard evaluation should be documented and accessible.
There is no internationally accepted set of guidelines or methodology for performing a health hazard
evaluation. However, a health hazard evaluation generally consists of two basic, integrated steps:
gathering the necessary data, and critically reviewing it.
The first step in the health hazard evaluation process is to gather all available scientific data and
information on the chemical. For mixtures, the scientific data and information on components should also
be obtained.
The types of data to consider in the evaluation include but are not limited to:
 Human (e.g., epidemiology studies, case reports, human patch tests);
 Animal (e.g., acute studies, repeat dose studies);
 In vitro (e.g., Corrositex®; Ames tests); and
 Structure activity relationships (SAR) (e.g., Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships [QSAR];
knowledge-based or statistically-based computer expert systems). The prediction of biological
and/or physiochemical activity of a chemical using the results from tests on materials with similar
key molecular structures, or using computer based assessments.
This step involves searching all available sources, including primary sources, such as company and trade
organization testing reports and peer-reviewed scientific literature, as well as secondary sources.
Sources of data may include, but are not limited to:
 Peer-reviewed scientific journals;

 In-house and other (other companies, trade organizations) testing results;
 The numerous databases found in the US National Library of Medicine’s (NLM) TOXNET and
MEDLARS systems such as HSDB, DART, IRIS, etc., and MEDLINE and TOXLINE;
 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous
Substances, found in 29 CFR Part 1910;
 The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Documentation of
Threshold Limit Values and Biological Indices (latest edition);
 The American Industrial Hygiene Association’s (AIHA) Documentation of the Workplace
Environmental Exposure Limits (WEELs) (latest edition);
 The US National Toxicology Program’s (NTP) Report on Carcinogens (latest edition);
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 The International Agency for Research on Cancer’s (IARC) Monographs (numerous volumes);
 Reports, documents, publications and data/information from US governmental agencies such as
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH), the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the National Toxicology Program (NTP),
and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA);
 Standard reference texts in toxicology, industrial hygiene, occupational medicine; and,
 Additional sources as noted in Appendix B of OSHA’s Guidance for Hazard Determination: for
Compliance with OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard.
The second step of the health hazard evaluation process is to review critically the scientific data and
information gathered in the first step. The goal of this critical review is to produce a scientifically
defensible evaluation of the relevant data in order to determine the hazard(s) of a chemical. Once the
health hazards have been identified, then there is a firm basis for selecting the appropriate precautionary
labeling statements. See Section 5.4 for more information on the statement of hazards.
Studies addressing chemical effects on animals are commonly reviewed in the health hazard evaluation
process. When reviewing animal studies, the routes of exposure relevant to the workplace are:
 skin contact
 skin absorption
 eye contact
 inhalation and
 ingestion (that is, inadvertent swallowing of the chemical).
Available animal studies using these routes are considered when performing hazard evaluations.
Studies conducted by non-workplace routes of exposure such as subcutaneous (SQ), intramuscular (IM),
intraperitoneal (IP) or intravenous (IV) should not be used in the hazard evaluation process unless they
are the only acceptable studies available. Professional judgment should be used to decide how data that
are not specific to the relevant route of exposure should be considered in the hazard evaluation process.
Data and information reported in toxicological studies can vary widely. Examples of types of data and
information usually reported include:
 Test animals (species, strain, sex, etc.);

 Test substance (purity);
 Route of exposure (oral, inhalation, dermal, etc.);
 Duration of exposure (acute, chronic, etc.);
 Exposure dose;
 Clinical and experimental parameters/endpoints examined (e.g., mortality, clinical signs of
toxicity, changes in food/water consumption, clinical chemistry, organ weights, gross and
microscopic pathology, etc.);
 Methods of statistical analysis of data; and
 Dose-response relationships.
Where the manufacturer is aware of a use that results in the release of a new chemical to which there
may be an exposure, the manufacturer should include the hazards of the released chemical. Examples
include fumes from the use of welding rods, the use of diesel fuel resulting in exhaust, polymer process
fumes, etc.
The manufacturer should also consider the potential adverse health effects and symptoms associated
with exposure to the material (including its components or known by-products) from its customary and
reasonably foreseeable use, misuse, and handling and storage conditions.
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5.3 Evaluating health hazards for mixtures
Health hazards are generally based on known human health effects or toxicity testing as described in
Appendix A of the HCS. With health hazards, evaluations tend to rely more on interpretation and
professional judgment on relevance of the data than in the case of physical hazards.
Refer to the complete mandatory Health Hazard Determination description found in Appendix B of the
HCS. Key concepts taken from the HCS are as follows:
 One scientifically valid study with statistically significant results is sufficient evidence to note the effect
on the SDS;
 Chemicals are considered “hazardous” if they:
 are regulated by OSHA (29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z);
 have established occupational exposure limits (e.g., TLV, PEL, etc.);
 are listed by NTP, IARC or OSHA as carcinogens or potential carcinogens;
 meet the criteria of Appendix A of the HCS.
When performing a health hazard evaluation on mixtures, one should use test data available on the
mixture itself or comparable mixtures. Often, however, there are incomplete or no test data available for
the mixture as a whole.
Pursuant to the OSHA HCS, if appropriate test data are not available for the mixture, then it is assumed
that the mixture presents the same non-carcinogenic health hazards as each of the components present
at greater than or equal to 1%. The mixture is assumed to be a carcinogenic hazard if it contains a
carcinogenic component at 0.1% or greater.
If a hazardous component is present in a mixture below the 1% threshold (0.1% for carcinogens) and if
there is evidence that the component could be released in concentrations exceeding the OSHA or ACGIH
exposure guidelines, the hazards of this component also need to be assigned to the mixture.
If a hazardous component is present in a mixture below the 1% threshold (0.1% for carcinogens) and if
there is evidence that the component could still present a health risk, the hazards of this component also
need to be assigned to the mixture.
The criteria for hazard determination in the Globally Harmonized System (GHS), Canada, the European
Union and other legal jurisdictions, are different than the criteria used under the HCS.
5.4 Statements of health hazards
The results of the hazard evaluation, as described above, are the identification of health hazards
associated with a particular chemical or mixture. Significant hazards then need to be communicated in
clear, concise statements on the SDS and label (e.g., HARMFUL IF INHALED; CAUSES SKIN
IRRITATION). The hazard warning must convey the particular hazards of the chemical, including target
organ effects. Statements for immediate hazards should usually precede the statements for delayed
hazards. In general, the most serious immediate hazard shall be placed first, followed by all other
immediate hazards. It is also desirable to group and prioritize delayed hazards.
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5.4.1 Health hazards
Statements of hazard for health effects, such as “CAUSES,” “CAN CAUSE,” and “MAY CAUSE” are used
differently depending on the type and severity of effect.
5.4.1.1 Precautionary labeling for immediate health hazards
Immediate health hazards include irritation/corrosion to eyes, skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract
and acute toxicity by ingestion, skin contact or inhalation. Statements for these types of hazards convey
information about an immediate health hazard and the degree to which the chemical can cause damage.
For example, “MAY BE FATAL…” is used for a chemical that is highly toxic, while “HARMFUL IF…” is
used for a chemical that has a moderate toxicity. The examples below demonstrate how the statements
of hazard may change based on the severity of effects. See Chapter 13 Tables B-H for criteria for using
hazard statements.
See Table I in Chapter 13 for additional statements.
Examples:
Severity of effect Irritation/Corrosion
Severe (Corrosive) CAUSES EYE BURNS

Moderate (Severe CAUSES EYE IRRITATION
Irritant)
Mild (Moderate MAY CAUSE EYE IRRITATION
Irritant)
Severity of effect Acute toxicity
Severe (Highly MAY BE FATAL IF ABSORBED THROUGH

toxic) SKIN
Moderate (Toxic) HARMFUL IF ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN
Mild (Harmful) MAY BE HARMFUL IF ABSORBED
THROUGH SKIN
5.4.1.2 Precautionary labeling for allergic skin and respiratory reactions
Most allergic reactions will occur in only a small percentage of people that are exposed. For this reason,
statements for allergic reactions typically use “MAY CAUSE…”
Example:
MAY CAUSE ALLERGIC SKIN REACTION
Example:
MAY CAUSE ALLERGIC RESPIRATORY REACTION
5.4.1.3 Precautionary labeling for delayed health hazards
Delayed health hazards include target organ effects, carcinogenicity and reproductive/developmental
effects. Delayed health hazard statements indicate the level of certainty in the data. “CAN CAUSE…” is
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used when there is generally accepted, well-established evidence that a chemical or mixture causes
significant damage to target organs in humans. In most cases, human data is unavailable. If there is
indication that significant damage to human organs may be possible based on laboratory animal data
(i.e., morphological, functional or histological organ changes), the statement “MAY CAUSE… BASED ON
ANIMAL DATA” is used. See examples below.
Examples:
Target organ
Human evidence CAN CAUSE LIVER DAMAGE

CAN CAUSE LUNG DAMAGE IF INHALED
Animal evidence MAY CAUSE LIVER DAMAGE BASED ON
ANIMAL DATA
MAY CAUSE LUNG DAMAGE IF INHALED
BASED ON ANIMAL DATA
Delayed health hazard statements are often used together with immediate health hazard statements to
indicate degree of hazard and route of exposure (e.g., “MAY CAUSE KIDNEY DAMAGE BASED ON
ANIMAL DATA”; “HARMFUL IF INHALED, ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN OR SWALLOWED”).
Whenever appropriate, the term "DAMAGE" may be replaced by more specific terms such as "BLOOD
DISORDERS”, "NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTS" and the like. It may be appropriate to convey that the
risk of damage or adverse effects depends on duration and level of exposure. In addition, it may be
appropriate to state that the risks are most likely to occur by a single route of exposure.
As described in Section 5.3, untested mixtures are assumed to present the same health hazards as each
of the components present at greater than or equal to 1% (0.1% for carcinogens). It may be desirable to
indicate which component is responsible for a particular health hazard. See examples below.
Example:
CONTAINS ETHYLENE GLYCOL - CAN CAUSE KIDNEY DAMAGE
Example:
CONTAINS MATERIAL THAT MAY CAUSE KIDNEY DAMAGE BASED ON ANIMAL DATA
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5.4.1.3.1 Carcinogenicity
The table below provides some commonly used carcinogen categories and suggested precautionary
labeling language.
NOTE: A direct comparison of categories is not always possible. This comparison is proposed as a
reasonable approximation. For example, NIOSH-designated carcinogens do not appear to consistently fit
into any of the categories for systems used by other organizations, and are not included in this table. The
precautionary labeling language in the table below is suggested guidance only. Companies may decide
to use different wording.
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ORGANIZATION CATEGORY RATING SUGGESTED PRECAUTIONARY

LABELING LANGUAGE
Carcinogenic
IARC Carcinogenic to humans 1* CANCER HAZARD – CAN CAUSE

NTP Known to be a human K* CANCER
carcinogen
OSHA Carcinogen defined with Ca*
no further categorization
ACGIH Confirmed human A1
carcinogen
EPA Carcinogenic to humans CaH
Probably Carcinogenic
IARC Probably carcinogenic to 2A* SUSPECT CANCER HAZARD –

humans MAY CAUSE CANCER
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NTP Reasonably anticipated R*
to be a human
carcinogen
ACGIH Suspected human A2
carcinogen
EPA Likely to be carcinogenic L
to humans
Possibly Carcinogenic
IARC Possibly carcinogenic to 2B** Carcinogenicity labeling language

humans may not be necessary, however, if
ACGIH Confirmed animal A3 labeling is appropriate suggested
carcinogen with unknown language is POSSIBLE CANCER
relevance to humans HAZARD – MAY CAUSE CANCER
EPA Suggestive evidence of S BASED ON ANIMAL DATA
carcinogenicity, but not
sufficient to assess
human carcinogenic
potential
Not Classifiable
IARC Unclassifiable as to 3 Carcinogenicity labeling language

carcinogenicity in is not necessary in most cases.
humans
ACGIH Not classifiable as a A4
human carcinogen
EPA Data are inadequate for I
an assessment of human
carcinogenic potential
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ORGANIZATION CATEGORY RATING SUGGESTED PRECAUTIONARY

LABELING LANGUAGE
Not Carcinogenic
IARC Probably not 4 Carcinogenicity labeling language

carcinogenic to humans is not necessary.
ACGIH Not suspected as a A5
human carcinogen
EPA Not likely to be NL
carcinogenic to humans
* Per OSHA, chemicals that are in these categories must be identified as carcinogens in precautionary
labeling language, including the SDS.
** Per OSHA, IARC 2B chemicals need to be identified as such in an SDS, but a carcinogenicity warning
is not required on the label.
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5.4.1.3.2 Reproductive/Developmental/Teratogenic effects
There are no generally accepted labeling schemes for reproductive or developmental

toxicants/teratogens in current use in the United States. If a chemical is determined to be a reproductive
toxicant, developmental toxicant or teratogen, then an appropriate hazard statement should be placed on
the label. Some examples of appropriate label hazard statements appear in the tables below.
Reproductive Toxicity
Human evidence REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD – CAN CAUSE

ADVERSE REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS (IN
FEMALES) (IN MALES)
Animal evidence POSSIBLE REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD – MAY
CAUSE ADVERSE REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS
(IN FEMALES) (IN MALES) (BASED ON
ANIMAL DATA)
Developmental Toxicity
Human evidence DEVELOPMENTAL HAZARD – CAN CAUSE

ADVERSE REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS
Animal evidence POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENTAL HAZARD –
MAY CAUSE ADVERSE DEVELOPMENTAL
EFFECTS (BASED ON ANIMAL DATA)
26
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Teratogenicity
Human evidence BIRTH DEFECT HAZARD – CAN CAUSE

BIRTH DEFECTS
Animal evidence POSSIBLE BIRTH DEFECT HAZARD – MAY
CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS (BASED ON ANIMAL
DATA)
5.4.1.3.3 Mutagenicity
No precautionary labeling recommendations will be made for mutagens in this Standard. (See Section
5.1.3.4)
5.4.1.4 No significant adverse health effects
If there are sufficient data for a material indicating that there are no significant adverse health effects, this
may be included on the label. Although there is no regulatory requirement for this, it may be important to
the user of the product.
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Example:
NOT EXPECTED TO PRODUCE SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS WHEN
RECOMMENDED USE INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOLLOWED
5.5 Health hazard precautionary statements
See Chapter 13, Tables B-H.
27

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
6 Environmental hazards
Environmental hazards are generally based on ecotoxicological testing as well as environmental fate
data. Like health hazards, environmental evaluations also tend to rely on interpretation and professional
judgment on the relevance of these types of data. Conveying major potential environmental hazards in
the SDS and the label may be useful, in some cases, as it can influence the proper handling and disposal
of a material.
Currently there is no OSHA requirement to include environmental hazards on the SDS or the label.
However, other regulations (e.g., EPA FIFRA) may require inclusion of environmental hazards on the
label.
6.1 Definition of an environmental hazard
A chemical is an environmental hazard if, based on its inherent ecotoxicity and/or potential to
bioaccumulate or biodegrade, it causes adverse effects to living organisms or their habitats.
6.2 Environmental hazard criteria
There is no single set of agreed-upon criteria to determine fully the impact a chemical may have on the
environment. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the European Commission (EC), the
International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and
Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), have developed environmental hazard criteria. It may be useful to refer to
these criteria in deciding whether to include environmental hazard statements in your SDS or label. For
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
more information see resources in Chapter 14.
6.3 Environmental hazard evaluation
Environmental effects of chemical materials will vary based on numerous factors such as amount or
volume of material released into the environment, media-related conditions (temperature, air flow, water
flow, etc.) and other inherent characteristics of a single chemical substance or mixture of substances. A
complete description of the potential environmental impacts may not be practical with the use of brief
label statements. However, it may be useful, in some cases, to include on the SDS and/or label the major
potential environmental impacts since they can influence the proper handling and disposal of a particular
material.
Often, more detailed information can be provided using SDSs or supplemental labeling. In these
instances, a reference to such a resource on the label is appropriate.
The first step in the environmental hazard evaluation process is to gather all available scientific data and
information on the chemical or on analogous chemicals that have data and are considered representative
of the chemical being evaluated. For mixtures, the scientific data and information on components should
also be obtained.
The types of data to consider in the evaluation include but are not limited to:
 Pollutant aquatic distribution and fate;
 Acute and chronic flora and fauna data (e.g., ecotoxicity);
 Bioconcentration (individual) potential;
 Bioaccumulation (food chain);
 Biodegradation;
28
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
 Solubility.
See Section 9.12 for more information.
Gathering data involves searching all available sources, including primary sources, such as company and
trade organization testing reports and peer-reviewed scientific literature, as well as secondary sources.
Modeling may also be a good source of reference data, but modeling data itself is generally not included
in the SDS. Sources of data may include, but are not limited to:
 Peer-reviewed scientific journals;

 In-house and other (other companies, trade organizations) testing results;
 Databases such as HAZARDTEXT®; HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank; OHM/TADS -
Oil and Hazardous Materials/Technical Assistance Data System.
 Classification per the European Classification Labelling and Packaging of Substances and
Mixtures (Regulation EC No. 1272/2008). [The CLP Regulation]
 Modeling software programs such as EPA’s EPI (Estimation Program Interface) Suite 4.0 and
EPA’s PBT Profiler.
The second step of the environmental hazard evaluation process is to critically review the scientific data
and information gathered in the first step. The goal of this review is to determine the hazard(s) of a
chemical. Once the environmental hazards have been identified, then there is a firm basis for selecting
the appropriate precautionary labeling statements. See Section 6.4 for more information on the
statement of hazards.
Data and information reported in environmental fate and effect studies can vary widely. Examples of
types of data and information usually reported include but are not limited to:
 Test subjects (genus, species, sex, etc.);

 Test substance (purity);
 Test type (LC50, log Kow, g/ml solubility);
 Duration of exposure (hours, days);
The manufacturer should also consider the potential adverse environmental effects associated with the
release of the material to the environment. This includes its components, known by-products or
decomposition products from its reasonably foreseeable use, misuse, handling and storage.
6.4 Statements of environmental hazard
The results of the environmental hazard evaluation are the identification of environmental hazards
associated with a particular chemical or mixture. Significant environmental fate and effect data and
hazards need to be communicated in clear, understandable statements on the SDS (see Chapter 9,
Section 9.12). Where appropriate, significant environmental hazard statements may also be
communicated in clear, concise statements on the label (e.g., TOXIC TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS;
DANGEROUS FOR THE OZONE LAYER). The hazard warning must convey the particular
environmental hazards of the chemical, including persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity.
Statements for environmental hazards should generally follow those for physical and health hazards.
Statements for immediate environmental hazards should usually precede the statements for delayed
environmental hazards. In general, the most serious immediate environmental hazard shall be placed
first, followed by all other immediate environmental hazards. It is also desirable to group and prioritize
delayed environmental hazards.
The criteria developed by agencies in the US that have labeling requirements for environmental hazards
are not harmonized. Attempting to harmonize these is beyond the scope of this Standard. The individual
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29

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
national regulations and GHS should be consulted for specific requirements and criteria for environmental
hazard statements.
See Chapter 13, Table I, Part 2 for statements of environmental hazards.
6.5 Environmental hazard precautionary statements
Precautionary statements (e.g., “Do not allow to enter soil, waterways, or waste water channels.” and “Do
not allow to enter drains or waterways.”) could supplement a statement of environmental hazard,
providing measures to be taken to avoid injury from environmental hazards.
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30
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
7 Hazard communication principles
After the hazard evaluation of the material is completed, it is important to effectively communicate this
information. This section contains guidance on communication principles such as consistency in the
hazard evaluation on the SDS and label, reading level and appearance of the SDS and label.
Preparing an SDS involves collecting and summarizing facts from a wide variety of subject areas. The
result must be understandable and useful to a diverse audience without oversimplifying the information so
that it is no longer useful to the intended audience. Writers must recognize that some people may read
the SDS for the first time in an emergency (under adverse conditions such as stress, time constraints
and/or poor visibility) and that it could be the only immediate source of information on the material.
Similarly, since the audience for precautionary labeling includes individuals with a variety of education
and training, the label text should convey the necessary information in as simple and clear a fashion as
possible.
Some points of consideration while authoring SDSs and labels include:
 Is the layout uniform?

 Is the type size large enough to be legible after transmission by fax or scanning?
 Is there sufficient spacing to allow easy reading and location of information?
 Are the margins on the SDS adequate to ensure that the headers and/or footers are not cut off
when the document is copied or faxed?
 Is the level of language appropriate to the audiences for each SDS section? If technical terms
are used in sections intended for all audiences, are they defined or explained?
 Are the label messages short and focused?
 Are readily recognizable symbols used?
 Are the hazard warnings consistent between the SDS and label?
 If the SDS is intended for another country, has numerical notation been considered?
There are differences in the use of a decimal point and a decimal comma. For example, in
the U.S. “1,022” means over a thousand, but in other countries it could mean slightly over
one. Conversely, in other countries “1.022” could mean over a thousand but in the U.S. it
means slightly over one.
31
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
8 Safety data sheets (SDS)
8.1 Introduction
This chapter provides information to an SDS preparer that will help structure and organize an SDS. The
purpose is to provide a consistent format for an SDS that will allow inclusion of information to comply with
applicable laws. It will provide the SDS writer with a framework to communicate useful, understandable
information for materials and hazardous chemicals.
A consistent format makes it easier for the reader to find information on the SDS. This chapter prescribes
titles and a specific order for the sections of an SDS. SDSs are used by a wide range of people with
various backgrounds, education levels and needs. The effectiveness of SDSs for the diverse audiences
served will be improved by presenting the information available in the same order every time.
8.2 SDS communication principles
8.2.1. Layout and design
The layout or design is very important for SDS readability and communication. When considering the
layout for SDSs, the following are recommended:
 For uniformity and ease in filing, as well as for further electronic distributions, a vertical (portrait)
format is recommended for SDSs. A standard paper size (8-1/2 x 11 inch – North America; A4 –
Europe) is also recommended.
 Use a simple layout with well-marked and identified sections.
 Provide an ample margin so that copying and binding do not cut off information. There should be
sufficient space available for the user to add a code or identification number should they so
choose.
 Use left justification of text since this makes it easier to control eye movement and to read.
 Use consistent line spacing and avoid crowding text to fit more information in a section or on a
page.
 Use space to separate fields and sections so reading is simplified.
 Avoid using footnotes on the SDS. Instead, put information in parentheses within the sentence.
Remember that the SDS may be electronically reproduced and/or transmitted (e.g., faxed,
copied, scanned or e-mailed). Take care to reduce the risk that characters might be cut off or
garbled in these communications or conversion processes.
Type size can improve the readability of SDSs by emphasizing certain areas with enlarged or bolded
typeface and by using a larger point size.
 Generally 10- to 14-point type size is easily readable for an SDS.
 Use simple type fonts. Ornate fonts are more difficult to read. --`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
 Avoid using a variety of type fonts on the same SDS.

 Avoid long strings of text typed in all capital (upper-case) letters because they are more difficult to
read.
 Printed type should be clearly legible.
 Use Arabic numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3) because they are more familiar than Roman numerals (e.g., I,
II, III) to the average reader.
32

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
8.2.2. Reading level and comprehension
A challenge in preparing an SDS is writing so that various audiences can read and understand the
information. Reading levels of users vary widely. The target audiences range from an untrained person
needing general information to a highly trained professional. The information being conveyed is often
very technical. It must be complete enough for the specialist yet understandable for the inexperienced
SDS user.
An additional challenge is that the target audiences change from section to section. In each discussion of
an SDS section (Chapter 9), the intended audiences for the information are identified to help the SDS
preparer determine the appropriate language level. The audiences are identified throughout the Standard
as:
 Emergency responder (e.g., firefighters);
 Employee (e.g., users and handlers of chemicals and materials);
 Employer;
 Toxicologist;
 Environmental professional;
 Healthcare professional (e.g., physician, registered nurse, physician’s assistant);
 Occupational health and safety professional (e.g., industrial hygienist);
 Transportation professional (e.g., transporters and drivers);
 Others, including state and local emergency planning groups, members of the community, etc.
Examples of some areas where technical language may be appropriate are: “Note to Physicians,”
“Toxicological Information” and “Engineering Controls.” When technical language is necessary in
sections targeted for non-technical audiences, it is advisable also to include a less technical explanation.
Word choice and sentence structure greatly affect reading level and comprehension. In addition, phrases
must be worded carefully to avoid confusion, especially if they will be translated into other languages
where the meaning could become obscured. The following guidelines may be helpful to improve the
readability and comprehensibility of the SDS:
 Keep sentences short and direct. Use no more than two subordinate clauses.
 Use the active voice as much as possible.
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Example:
Acid causes skin burns. (active)
Example:
Burns to the skin are caused by acid. (passive)
 Instructions are more likely to be followed when consequences are described.

 Use lists with bullets rather than sentences with long strings of items to improve readability.
 Choose commonly used words, but avoid colloquialisms and slang.
 Use only common abbreviations and acronyms, and then give their definition in a key/legend or
as soon after their first use as possible. Occasionally, however, an abbreviation or acronym may
be so familiar to intended audiences that it may be used without a definition. In fact, some may
be more familiar than the full name (e.g., OSHA, EPA, SARA, °F, °C, TLV® and TWA). Be aware
that abbreviations may be difficult to translate.
33

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
8.3 SDS organization
The rationale below forms the basis for the ordering of information on the SDS. Key information for
emergency responders should be located near the beginning of the SDS because it is needed quickly.
Information pertaining to the health and safety of people should be presented before information on the
environment. Detailed descriptions of the purpose and scope of each section can be found in the next
chapter.
8.3.1 What is the material and what do I need to know immediately in an emergency?
Section 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION (See Section 9.1)
Section 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION (See Section 9.2)
Section 3: COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS (See Section 9.3)
8.3.2 What should I do if a hazardous situation occurs?

Section 4: FIRST AID MEASURES (See Section 9.4)
Section 5: FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES (See Section 9.5)
Section 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES (See Section 9.6)
8.3.3 How can I prevent hazardous situations from occurring?

Section 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE (See Section 9.7)
Section 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION (See Section 9.8)
Section 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (See Section 9.9)
Section 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY (See Section 9.10)
8.3.4 Is there other useful information about this material?

Section 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION (See Section 9.11)
Section 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION (See Section 9.12)
Section 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS (See Section 9.13)
Section 14: TRANSPORT INFORMATION (See Section 9.14)
Section 15: REGULATORY INFORMATION (See Section 9.15)
Section 16: OTHER INFORMATION (See Section 9.16)
This Standard prescribes that certain types of information be placed within certain sections. However,
because information has more than one purpose, some flexibility in placement is recognized. For
example, flammable properties of the material must be listed in Section 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES but may also be repeated in Section 5: FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES.
8.4 Evaluation of the SDS
8.4.1 Internal consistency
The completed SDS needs to be reviewed to determine that information present in one section does not
contradict information in another section. For example, a statement indicating the absence of a skin
hazard in Section 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION should not be followed by the presence of detailed first
aid measures for skin contact in Section 4: FIRST AID MEASURES.
8.4.2 Headers/Footers
A header/footer may be used to indicate information intended to be listed on all pages of the document,
such as product name, preparation date, version, indication of continuation, etc. Ensure that enough
space is allowed so that footers are not cut off when copying, faxing, etc.
34
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
8.4.3 Document identifier
The document preparer may assign an identifier (e.g., a number or code) to an SDS to help track and
identify it. It should appear on every page to make sure that all the pages are for the same product. It
may also appear as part of Section 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION.
8.4.4 Review/Preparation date
The HCS requires every SDS to have a preparation date or the date of the last revision. Display the date
in the same format on each page of the SDS so the reader knows that the entire document is the same
version. If any other dates are used, they should be clearly labeled to avoid possible confusion. All dates
should be formatted to avoid confusion between month/day/year versus day/month/year formats.
8.4.5 Page and section numbers
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Number the pages and sections using Arabic numerals rather than Roman numerals or letters of the
alphabet. Indicate the total number of pages in the document and/or the last page in the document.
8.4.6 Units of measure
Show numerical data with the appropriate units of measure. These units of measure should be the most
commonly used for the primary receiving country. For example, English units in the United States (US)
and Standard International (SI or metric) units in Europe and Canada; alternative units may be put in
parentheses. Indicate the temperature scale of items such as flash point and boiling point, by inserting °F
or °C (Fahrenheit or Celsius). Pressure and other properties should also be shown in appropriate units.
For example, pounds per square inch (psi) could be used for higher pressures and millimeters of mercury
(mmHg) might be appropriate for below atmospheric pressure.
On the SDS, for some properties (e.g., vapor pressure, viscosity, solubility) that vary with temperature or
other conditions, indicate the conditions under which the value was measured or calculated.
Example:
Boiling Point = 200°F at 10 mmHg
Vapor Pressure = 4.1 psi at 70°F (21°C)
Some properties are dimensionless. Density has units of weight per volume, while specific gravity is a
dimensionless number. However, the standard against which specific gravity is measured (most
commonly water or air) should be indicated.
In the selection of units of measure, avoid ambiguity resulting from differences in the use of a decimal
point and a decimal comma. For example, in the U.S. “1,022” means over a thousand, but in other world
areas it could mean slightly over one. Conversely, in other areas “1.022” could mean over a thousand but
in the U.S. it means slightly over one.
8.4.7 No blank data fields
The HCS and GHS require an entry for every data field listed on an SDS. If information is not available or
not applicable for a listed field, the preparer should indicate it on the SDS accordingly.
35

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
8.5 Revision of the SDS
See Section 11.9 of the Standard.
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36

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
9 Sections of the safety data sheet (SDS)
9.1 Section 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
Purpose: This section names the material and links the SDS to the label and shipping documents. It also
identifies the manufacturer and provides a mailing address and contact phone number.
Audience: This information is intended for all SDS users.
Scope: The identity of the material and the manufacturer shall be directly linked to the name found on the
material label and/or shipping papers. This name should appear prominently on each page. The material
may also be identified by alternative names, numbers, company product codes, Universal Product Code
(UPC) or other unique identifiers. Synonyms may be used. A company may choose to use the same
SDS format for countries outside of the United States. Refer to appropriate regulations for specific
modifications (e.g., a brief phrase describing product use is required for Canada and the EU).
If one generic SDS is used to cover several grades or minor variants of a material, all grades or material
names must be listed on the SDS or the SDS must clearly delineate the range of materials included.
Example:
The SDS for Methyl Substituted Quinolites must contain the identifiers found on the label (e.g.,
Methoquin AB, Methoquin CD).
Example:
The SDS for Polypropylene 5000 Series (5000–5999) is the material name, and the label states
the specific name (e.g., Polypropylene 5005).
If an optional SDS number or code is used to help identify the SDS, it may appear within this section in
addition to appearing on each page of the SDS.
The name of the manufacturer, importer or other responsible party, along with a mailing address and
phone number for obtaining additional information, must be included. An Internet website may also be
included. In addition, a company may have a specific telephone number for quick response to
emergencies or for DOT regulatory compliance purposes. This number should be readily identifiable on
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
the SDS.
Many companies include references to emergency information services on their SDS (e.g., CHEMTREC,
CANUTEC [see Glossary]). Consult with the service provider before referencing the service on an SDS,
label, etc. Use of these emergency information services requires prior authorization. The current SDSs
should be supplied to the emergency information services.
Indicate if the telephone numbers have any restrictions, such as hours of operation (e.g., Monday –
Friday, 8:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time zone or 24 hours) or are limited to a specific type of
information (e.g., general information, medical emergencies, transportation emergencies). If your data
sheet is intended for foreign distribution, foreign emergency numbers should be included if available.
There should be an indication that the number is a United States phone number if it is intended to
respond to international emergencies (e.g., (01) (201) 555-1212 [USA]). Be aware that domestic toll-free
numbers may not operate from an outside country.
37

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
9.2 Section 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
9.2.1 Emergency Overview
Purpose: This overview describes the material’s appearance and most significant immediate concerns.
Audience: Developed primarily for Emergency Responders but useful for all SDS users.
Scope: This subsection includes the physical state of the material and those health, physical and
environmental hazards that require immediate attention in emergency situations. Labeling statements of
hazard and other appropriate label statements will often be suitable to describe the hazards listed in this
section. Generally, if a hazard is not included on the label, it would not be included in the Emergency
Overview.
This overview should be the first part of Section 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION. It can appear as a
paragraph or as a list of statement of hazards, such as those derived in Chapter 5 of this standard.
Items considered for the Emergency Overview include:
 What does the material look like? (e.g., color, physical form, shape)
 Does it have an odor? (e.g., sweet, acrid, sour, or odorless)
 Can the vapors be seen? (e.g., color)
The Emergency Overview should also address hazards that, in an emergency situation, can cause
severe immediate effects or that require immediate recognition to prevent subsequent serious effects.
Following are some questions that may help determine severe immediate hazards:
 Does the material require a signal word such as those derived in Chapter 5 of this or other
applicable standards, etc.? (e.g., DANGER, WARNING)
 Is the material flammable, combustible or explosive?
 Does it present any significant or unusual fire or explosion hazard? (e.g., travels to source of
ignition, forms explosive mixtures, combustible dust explosion hazard)
 Is the material an oxidizer, organic peroxide, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water reactive?
 Are there significant reactivity hazards associated with emergency conditions? (e.g., uncontrolled
reaction with water or organics, spontaneous decomposition)
 Is the material shipped or handled under pressure? (e.g., compressed gas, liquefied gas)
 How will the material be used? (e.g., Will it be heated or cooled such that it could cause thermal
burns? Will processing release hazardous chemicals or create other hazards?)
 Is the material highly toxic (OSHA) or poisonous (DOT)? If so, by what route of entry? Is the
material dangerous when inhaled? (e.g., strong CNS depressant, corrosive, asphyxiation hazard,
respiratory sensitizer)
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
 Does it cause burns to living tissue? (e.g., corrosive to skin, eyes, respiratory tract)
 Does it cause severe skin and/or eye irritation?

38

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
 Does it cause an allergic skin reaction?
 Does it require specialized medical treatment for any contact or exposure? (e.g., contact with
hydrofluoric acid; cyanide poisoning)
 Is it a confirmed, probable or possible human carcinogen? (NTP Report on Carcinogens, IARC

Group 1, 2A or 2B, or OSHA listed carcinogen)
 Can a single exposure result in other serious adverse health effects? (e.g., delayed lung effects
after short term exposure to oxides of nitrogen [NOx] )
 Is it highly toxic to aquatic organisms? (e.g., kills fish, algae or Daphnia at low concentrations)
 Will it persist in the environment? (e.g., PCBs, mercury)
Example: Paragraph style

DANGER
A colorless liquid that can react violently with water, producing invisible clouds of toxic and
corrosive vapor. Extremely corrosive to all body parts. May be fatal if swallowed or inhaled.
Exposures require specialized first aid and medical follow-up. Not flammable, but reacts with
most metals to form flammable hydrogen gas.
Example: Label style

A milky white liquid with a strong, sweet odor.
WARNING
May cause eye irritation.
Will burn in a fire.
Extremely slippery when spilled.
Material is highly toxic to fish.
Label elements such as hazard symbols/pictograms, depicted as either black and white renditions or the
symbol name/pictogram name, may be included in accordance with international regulations.
If the material is not a significant, immediate concern for Emergency Responders, a statement indicating
that it presents little or no hazard (if spilled) and/or no unusual hazard if involved in a fire may be
included.
9.2.2 OSHA Regulatory Status
Indicate the status of the material with respect to the HCS. The HCS status (i.e., hazardous or non-
hazardous) can be placed on the section’s first page and be very helpful to determine whether formal
training and other activities under the HCS are required. Three suggested phrases are:
1) This material is not considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29
CFR 1910.1200).
2) While this material is not considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
(29 CFR 1910.1200), this SDS contains valuable information critical to the safe handling and
proper use of the product. This SDS should be retained and available for employees and other
users of this product.
39
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
3) This material is considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR
1910.1200).
A company may choose to use the same SDS format for countries outside of the United States. Refer to
appropriate regulations for specific modifications.
9.2.3 Potential health effects
Purpose: This subsection provides information on the potential adverse health effects and symptoms
associated with exposure to the material and its components or known by-products, taking into
consideration the customary and reasonably foreseeable use, misuse, handling and storage conditions.
See Chapter 5.2 of this Standard for discussion of the health hazard determination process.
The information should be presented in a manner that is easily understood by all audiences, ranging from
the community and employees to health and medical professionals, since it is the primary source of
health effect information for the material. It will aid in determining handling and other procedures.
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Scope: This subsection includes information related to human health effects, if known, or presumed likely
as a result of non-human studies. It reports only health effects relevant to humans and presents them in
a way that can be quickly and easily understood. Signs and symptoms of exposure and medical
conditions generally known to be aggravated by exposure to the material should be included. Supporting
toxicology and epidemiology summaries or data where the relevance to human health is unclear should
be included only in Section 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION.
The SDS should include the following elements, if applicable or known:
 relevant route(s) of exposure (e.g., eye, skin, inhalation, ingestion);
 frequency and duration of exposure (e.g., single, repeated, lifetime);
 severity of the effect (e.g., mild, moderate, severe);
 target organ(s) (e.g., liver, kidney, lung, skin);
 type of effect (e.g., irritation, allergic skin reaction, birth defects, cancer, blood effects);
 signs and symptoms of exposure;
 medical conditions or medication interactions generally known to be aggravated by exposure to

the material;
 interactions with other chemicals known to enhance toxicity (e.g., methyl ethyl ketone increases
n-hexane neurotoxicity)
For mixtures, the specific components that are the source of the hazard may be identified here or in
another section, such as Section 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION.
If there are data on a material that indicates that there are no significant health effects, this may be
included on the SDS. Although there is no OSHA regulatory requirement that “negative” test results (i.e.,
no adverse effects) be included on the SDS, this fact may be important to the SDS reader. It should be
mentioned in Section 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION and may also be included in Section 2.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Example:
EYE
- May cause minor irritation.
SKIN
- Prolonged exposure may cause skin irritation.
- A single, prolonged exposure is not likely to result in the material being absorbed through skin in
harmful amounts.
INGESTION
- Material is not toxic.
INHALATION
- Material is rapidly absorbed through the lungs.
- May cause damage to liver and kidneys.
- Overexposure may cause central nervous system depression, including drowsiness and
unconsciousness.
- May cause irregular heartbeats, especially under conditions of stress.
CHRONIC EFFECTS
- Prolonged or repeated overexposure causes liver and kidney damage.
- May cause cancer based on animal studies.
- Listed as probable human carcinogen by IARC (Group 2A).
- The material has been tested in rats and found to cause no significant reproductive effects.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

- Eye and skin irritation (redness or swelling); drowsiness or unconsciousness; and irregular heartbeats.
- Kidney damage may be seen by changes in urine output, urine appearance or edema (swelling from
fluid retention).
- Liver damage may be seen by loss of appetite, jaundice (yellowish skin color) and occasional pain in
the upper abdomen.
See Section 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION.
9.2.4 Potential environmental effects
Purpose: This subsection may be used to provide information on the potential effects associated with
release of the material and its components or known by-products into the environment.
Scope: This subsection includes information related to significant environmental hazards. It reports only
relevant effects and presents them in a way that can be quickly and easily understood.
If the relevance to environmental fate and effect is unclear, the potential effects should be reported in
Section 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION, where appropriate discussion of the study can be made.
This type of data presentation can be used to improve the readability of the document across audiences.
If there are no significant environmental effects, this may be included on the SDS. Although there is no
regulatory requirement that “negative” test results be included on the SDS, this fact may be important to
the SDS reader. It should be mentioned in Section 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION and may also be
included in Section 2.
For mixtures, the specific components that are the source of the hazard may be identified here or in
another section, such as Section 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION.
41
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Example:
Toxic to aquatic organisms.
Example:
May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
Example:
Not considered to be harmful to aquatic life.
Example:
The material has been tested in algae and found to cause no significant toxic effects.
Example:
See Section 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION.
9.3 Section 3: COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Purpose: This section identifies the components of a material.
Scope: All components, by-products and impurities that contribute to the hazards of the material or which
otherwise meet the HCS criteria of a hazardous ingredient should be included in this section.
Manufacturers may choose to include other significant components including non-hazardous impurities
and by-products, and chemicals covered under other federal, state or local regulations. Some
manufacturers may choose to use this section for full ingredient disclosure. If a manufacturer chooses to
list hazardous and non-hazardous components, it is useful to differentiate between the two.
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When evaluating components for inclusion in this section, be aware of unique classes of materials.
These materials may be hazardous reaction products formed during normal use (intended or unintended
chemical generation), complex streams from a refining process or other “complex mixtures” where the
identity of individual components may be unknown or may vary. Complex chemical mixtures that are
recognized as single substances may be listed as a single component. If cited hazards are attributed to a
component of the complex mixture, then it is advisable to indicate its presence; however, often it is not
possible to distinguish the exact component responsible for the hazards of the “complex mixture” (e.g.,
gasoline, creosote).
 Exposure limits (e.g., PELs, TLVs, STELs) should not be included in this section. They should be
located in Section 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION only.
 The regulatory status of components that appear on specific lists (e.g., SARA Title III; CERCLA)
should not be included in this section. They should be located in Section 15: REGULATORY
INFORMATION only.
 A company may choose to use the same SDS format for countries outside of the United States.
Refer to appropriate regulations for specific modifications.
 List components by chemical name, common name or synonym of component. The following
three options may be used for listing components:
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
— Option 1 – Hazardous components only (the minimum required under the HCS)
— Option 2 – Hazardous components plus other significant components
— Option 3 – Full disclosure of components
For any of these three options, the following approaches should be used:
 List corresponding CAS registry numbers, confidential chemical inventory number or trade secret
registration numbers (i.e., New Jersey), where available.
 Provide percentages or ranges of percentages by weight or volume (state which) unless

percentages are trade secrets.
 If one or more components are a trade secret, a company may indicate this by identifying the
component(s) either by use of the words “proprietary” or “trade secret” or by describing the
component(s) generically (e.g., surfactant).
9.4 Section 4: FIRST AID MEASURES
9.4.1 First aid procedures
Purpose: This section is intended to provide appropriate emergency and first aid instruction. Provide
instruction for each applicable route, in plain language, when the results of exposure require immediate
treatment (first aid) and when simple measures may be taken before professional medical assistance is
available. First aid procedures should be brief and easily understood by any untrained individual. As
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many common first aid terms may have different meaning or understandings in other languages or
cultures, caution must be used to ensure that contents are easily understood. It may also be appropriate
to include specific information (e.g., antidotes) for emergency responders and trained healthcare
professionals.
Audience: This information is intended for all SDS users. This information is also included on the label
and is intended for all label users.
Scope: Recommended first aid should be relevant to the effects described in Section 2.3 of the SDS.
The following general instructions should be observed when describing first aid measures in this section:
 Provide instructions by route of exposure. Use subheadings to indicate the procedure for each
route (e.g., inhalation, skin, eye and ingestion). Arrange these subheadings in the same order as
those in the Potential Health Effects heading, if appropriate.
 Instructions should be consistent with first aid statements included on precautionary labeling.
 When no adverse health effects are noted, first aid is not necessary. However, a statement about
normal hygiene practices is appropriate.
 Include simple remedial measures (e.g., wash contacted area, remove clothing, remove the
exposed individual from the area) if it will lessen exposure.
 If applicable, include information on first aid for exposures that result from a specific method of
handling as opposed to the toxicity of the material (e.g., frostbite from cryogenic liquids or thermal
burns from molten solids).
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
 Indicate whether immediate medical attention is required and if delayed effects can be expected
after exposure. When there is no specific information, the following types of information should
be cited, based on sound professional judgment:
— removal of exposed individual from area (to fresh air);
— removal of material from individual;
— advice on removal and handling of contaminated clothing and shoes;
— advice on whether to get immediate medical assistance.
 If appropriate, it may be advisable to recommend protective equipment for individuals providing

first aid.
Example:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) before attempting rescue.
A brief description of the most important symptoms and effects, especially when useful for diagnostic and
further treatment, may be given here, but a detailed description of symptoms and effects should be given
under Section 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION.
9.4.2 First aid statements
First aid statements should be easily understood, in brief and clear language so individuals who have no
specialized training as medical or emergency responders can administer treatment.
The determination of the most appropriate first aid statements/instructions and antidotes/notes to
physician to include on industrial chemical labels is best accomplished by a trained professional on a
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case-by-case basis. Because of the need for case-by-case evaluation as well as label space
considerations, it is difficult to give a set a standard first statements or antidote/notes to physician that will
fit everyone’s needs in all situations.
9.4.2.1 First aid for exposure to eyes and skin
The following advice applies to most chemicals. See Tables B, C, E and G in Chapter 13 for more
specific first aid instructions.
(a) If the material gets into the eye, the first aid advice recommended is to flush the eye under running
water for at least 15 minutes. If easy to do, remove contact lenses and continue to flush with water.
(b) For skin exposure, the removal of contaminated clothing and the rinsing or washing of the exposed
surface is recommended.
Some exposures may warrant different first aid measures.
(a) For contact with hot materials that cause thermal burns, clothing should not be removed and exposed
skin should be cooled with plenty of water.
(b) For eye and skin exposure to corrosive chemicals, medical personnel should be contacted
immediately and the eyes and skin should be flushed under running water for longer than 15 minutes.
If possible, indicate the specific length of time, such as 30 minutes for most corrosive materials and
up to 60 minutes for exposures to strong alkaline materials.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
9.4.2.2 First aid for inhalation
Moving the person from the contaminated area to fresh air is the most immediate first aid measure
following inhalation exposure. See Tables D, E and F in Chapter 13.
9.4.2.3 First aid for ingestion
The most important recommendation to include as first aid for occupational chemical ingestion is to call a
poison control center or physician.
There is no indication that offering liquid following ingestion is effective, and in some circumstances it may
be harmful. It is important not to force a person to drink if they are not able as the inability to swallow may
indicate burns in the mouth, throat and stomach. Likewise, large quantities of liquids should not be given
as this could enhance absorption of the material from the gastrointestinal tract, cause physical discomfort,
and may lead to vomiting or other complications. In addition, nothing should be given by mouth to
anyone who is unconscious, losing consciousness or when seizures are likely.
In general, it is not recommended to induce vomiting for ingested chemicals. The induction of vomiting
following ingestion of potentially harmful substances may not always be effective and may even prove to
be harmful with some materials.
The instruction “to induce vomiting” is contraindicated if the material is:
 corrosive,
 a petroleum distillate or other hydrocarbon that has the potential for aspiration into the lungs leading
to chemical pneumonitis, such as:
 certain low viscosity petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., kerosene, mineral seal oil, naphtha,
gasoline, mineral spirits, Stoddard solvent and related petroleum distillates);
 aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, toluene and xylene); and,
 products containing 10% or more by weight of aromatic and/or petroleum hydrocarbons.
 a halogenated hydrocarbon (e.g., perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride) or mixture

that may present other immediate and systemic health effects after ingestion.
For more detailed information, the reader should refer to various resources in clinical toxicology, such as:
 M. Ellenhorn, Ellenhorn’s Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning,

2nd ed. (1996);
 K.R. Olson, ed., Poisoning & Drug Overdose, 4nd Edition (2003);
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
 L. R. Goldfrank, ed., Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies, 7th Edition (2002);

 P. Viccellio, ed., Emergency Toxicology, 2nd Edition (1998).
 See also, the first aid section of the CPSC’s Labeling Guide (Final, 2000).
Example:
First Aid: If swallowed, call a poison control center or physician immediately. Do NOT induce
vomiting unless directed to do so by a poison control center or physician. Never give anything
by mouth to an unconscious person.
9.4.2.3.1 When the induction of vomiting is warranted
For some rare cases in which a substance warrants immediate removal from the digestive tract if
swallowed, the recommendation to induce vomiting may be appropriate. Examples include chemicals
45

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
having a high acute toxicity. The recommendation to induce vomiting should be reviewed and
approved by a physician, poison control center or other health care professional.
If there is a recommendation to induce vomiting, an additional statement on the SDS and label to contact
a poison control center, physician, or healthcare professional should be included.
For substances that present an ingestion hazard, the recommended first aid instructions for container
labels are presented in Table H of Chapter 13.
9.4.3 Note to physicians
Purpose: This subsection conveys additional information on antidotes, specific treatments and diagnostic
procedures outside of customary generic treatment administered by healthcare professionals for
exposure to potentially hazardous substances.
Audience: This information is intended for healthcare professionals.
Scope: This subsection is recommended when there is additional information available for exposures to
specific chemicals. The information included here can relate to both immediate and delayed effects. The
information can address both treatment/therapy and diagnostic procedures. Some considerations include
the following:
 Information on signs and symptoms following exposures to specific chemicals (e.g.,

cholinesterase-inhibitors, cyanides and substances that release the cyanide ion, and
methemoglobinemia-producing chemicals, etc.);
 Clinical testing and medical monitoring for delayed effects;
 Specific procedures for treatment, including details on the use of activated charcoal or lavage;
 Specific supportive treatment (medical management), e.g., supporting blood pressure or kidney
function;
 Treatment/therapy and diagnostic procedures which may be affected by preexisting medical

conditions and involve a medical judgment; and,
 When usual and customary procedures should not be performed due to contraindications.
It is recommended that the user of this Standard discuss with a medical professional the need for, or the
appropriateness of, a “Notes to physicians” section. A physician should approve all “Notes to physicians”
sections.
9.4.3.1 Antidotes
Use of “No Antidote Known” is not recommended, as this may create anxiety and misunderstanding
concerning the toxic potential of the material. It is preferred not to include an antidote subsection if no
specific antidote is appropriate.
Specific, effective antidotes known and that may be administered by either medical or non-medical
personnel (with appropriate training) should be included.
46
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Generally, antidotes are considered agents that prevent or reduce the effects of a poison. They can:
 change the movement and metabolism of a chemical within the body;
 enhance the elimination of a specific toxic agent; and,
 interfere with the chemical toxic mechanism of action.
Many, if not all, antidotes need to be administered by trained professionals such as physicians, nurses
and emergency responders. While there are relatively few clinically proven antidotes for specific chemical
over-exposures or poisonings, those that are available, when administered in a timely manner, can
significantly reduce both morbidity and mortality.
Information on proper administration of the antidote and any contraindications should be included.
The user of this Standard should discuss with a medical professional both the need for and the
appropriateness of an antidote statement in their precautionary labeling. Physicians should approve all
antidote statements. If possible, physicians trained in occupational medicine or clinical toxicology should
be consulted. Some industrial chemicals for which specific antidotes are available are listed below:
 carbon monoxide;
 cyanides and those substances that release the cyanide ion;
 ethylene glycol;
 hydrofluoric acid;
 heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, cobalt, mercury;
 methanol;
 methemoglobinemia-producing chemicals; and
 organophosphate and carbamate compounds (insecticides).
Physicians may not always be immediately familiar with a specific antidote(s) and its appropriate
administration or with specific protocols found useful by medical experts in the management of industrial
poisonings. Therefore, it is highly desirable to acquaint the physician with an available antidote and a
protocol for its administration or with a specific protocol of medical management through a “Notes to
physicians” section.
In some cases, antidotes are incorrectly administered, as in the use of atropine for pesticides in general,
including those that do not inhibit cholinesterase. In these instances, a statement that a particular
antidote should not be used may be useful to the health care professional.
Example:
This product is not an inhibitor of cholinesterase. Treatment with atropine and oximes is not
indicated.
9.5 Section 5: FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Purpose: The information should describe the specific hazards arising from the fire and explosive
properties of the material, the appropriate extinguishing media for the fire and special protective
equipment and precautions for fire fighting. This provides the person handling the material with
appropriate instruction for confining and extinguishing fires.
This section is not intended to deal with non-emergency situations, such as proper handling and storage
of flammables nor thermal stability of materials. Such information belongs in Section 7: HANDLING AND
STORAGE and Section 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY.
Under certain stated conditions it may not be safe or advisable to extinguish a fire. In these instances the
limiting conditions should be clearly stated.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Audience: This section is intended for employers, employees, emergency responders, and occupational
health and safety professionals.
9.5.1 Flammable properties
Scope: Qualitative flammable properties and reactivity hazards that enhance the fire and explosion
potential such as those listed below should be stated in this section:
Example: Combustible dust

Powdered material may form explosive dust-air mixture.
Example: Oxidizer
Contact with combustible materials may cause fire.
Example: Reactive substance

Forms peroxides of unknown stability.
Example: Static accumulating flammable liquid

This product is a poor conductor of electricity and can become electrostatically charged. If
sufficient charge is accumulated, ignition of flammable mixtures can occur. To reduce potential
for static discharge, use proper bonding and grounding procedures.

This liquid may accumulate static electricity when filling properly grounded containers.
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Static electricity accumulation may be significantly increased by the presence of small
quantities of water or other contaminants.
Flammable properties, such as flash point and flammable (explosive) limits that describe the potential fire
hazard of a material, are considered as basic physical properties and belong in Section 9: PHYSICAL
AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES. The flammable properties may be repeated in this section if they are
considered useful in fire fighting of certain kinds of materials or in certain industries. A statement to direct
the reader to Section 9 for flammable properties may be included.
Specific flammability classifications such as those of National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) may be
introduced in this section if they are particularly useful for certain materials or in certain industries.
9.5.2 Extinguishing media
Scope: Note the appropriate (suitable) extinguishing media that should be utilized in the event or threat
of a fire as well as those extinguishing media that should be avoided (unsuitable). If applicable, additional
guidance should also be provided regarding the appropriate application of suitable media, the reasons
that specified media are unsuitable and further insight on the characteristics or use of specified media.
9.5.2.1 Suitable extinguishing media
Specify suitable extinguishing media for a fire. The instructions should be direct, simple and recommend
the suitable extinguishing media for control. Provide additional details on nature and use of media if
48

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
warranted. A distinction should be made between an agent used to extinguish a fire and one used as a
precautionary measure to lessen the threat or impact of a fire (e.g., a fire hose trained on an intact
container can keep it cool enough to prevent over-pressurization and rupture of the container).
See table below for fire instructions. The instructions in the table are applicable in most cases. Be
advised that certain chemicals will require very specific procedures. Additional fire hazard statements are
found in Chapter 13, Table I, part 1 and Table J.
Fire action statements
Type of chemical Fire extinguishing statements
For water-soluble, miscible or dilutable liquids In case of fire, use water fog, dry
chemical, CO2 or "alcohol-
resistant" foam.
For water-immiscible liquids with specific gravity In case of fire, use water fog,
1 (lighter than water) foam, dry chemicals or CO2.
Liquid will float and may re-ignite
on surface of water.
For water-immiscible liquids with specific gravity In case of fire, use water spray
1 (heavier than water) (fog)*, foam, dry chemical or CO2.
For solids such as oxidizing agents where water In case of fire, soak (flood)* with
is appropriate and not dangerous water.
For solids where water is not appropriate In case of fire, smother with dry
sand or Class D fire extinguishing
agents.
For flammable gases In case of fire, allow gas to burn
until flow can be safely shut off.
Apply water spray from a safe
distance to cool adjacent
containers and protect surrounding
area.
* Substitute or add appropriate words in parentheses.
The following reference can be used to evaluate fire control methods. Professional judgment should be
used in these evaluations.
Fire Protection Handbook, 19th edition, January 1, 2003 or most recent edition; National Fire
Protection Association; Quincy, MA.
Example:
Use foam, carbon dioxide (CO2) or dry chemical to extinguish fire. Caution: CO2 will displace
air in confined spaces and may cause an oxygen deficient atmosphere.
Example:
Limit use of water spray to cool fire-exposed containers and to protect personnel.
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9.5.2.2 Unsuitable extinguishing media
Identify unsuitable extinguishing media for a fire. If there is an unsuitable extinguishing media that would
create a hazard, that information should be included on the label and explained further in other
precautionary labeling such as the SDS. The reason(s) why it is inappropriate should also be noted.
Example:
Water may not be effective to extinguish fire.
Example:
Spattering of flammable liquid may result from spraying water.
9.5.3 Protection of firefighters
Scope: In a fire situation, awareness of physical, chemical and thermal hazards is necessary so that
protection of human health can be ensured. Proper instructions to firefighters can also help minimize
impacts to the environment and property loss.
Guidance to firefighters should reflect the specific properties of the material because of difficulties in
anticipating the size of the fire, the amount of material(s) involved, the immediate surroundings and other
factors. All properties of the material that are likely to be hazardous must be considered whether the
material itself is burning or it is in proximity to other burning materials.
9.5.3.1 Specific hazards arising from the chemical (e.g., nature of any hazardous combustion
products)
 Physical hazards
Some physical hazards to consider are explosive decomposition and violent rupture of containers
caused by thermal expansion of compressed gases and liquids or by hazardous polymerization.
 Chemical hazards
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Chemical hazards result most often from toxicity or corrosivity of either the material itself, its thermal
decomposition products or from the contact of the material with surrounding substances including
metals, air and water. Provide warnings concerning the expected route of exposure. In addition,
highlight any conditions that are exacerbated or created by the conditions of a fire. For example, a
material with high toxicity by inhalation but a low vapor pressure at ambient temperatures will be
much more hazardous in a fire than under normal conditions.
The potential release of toxic products of combustion, such as carbon monoxide, should be
mentioned. Since a variety of combustion products are possible from a given material, depending on
fire conditions, a brief statement may be all that is appropriate. The SDS should identify likely toxic
components if the “smoke” (products of combustion) could be an unusually greater hazard than might
occur in a typical structural fire.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Example:
Products of combustion include acrid fumes including compound X.
Example:
Products of combustion include possible cyanide-containing fumes.
Example:
Products of combustion include highly toxic fumes of hydrogen fluoride.
 Thermal hazards
Thermal hazards occur when burning materials give off intense heat, causing an increased likelihood
that the fire will spread.
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Example:
Containers can rupture and release highly toxic vapors or decomposition products if exposed to
heat.
Example:
Hazardous polymerization may take place during a fire due to heat. Closed containers could
violently rupture.
9.5.3.2 Protective equipment and precautions for firefighters
Instructions for firefighters should be written to allow them to rapidly determine a strategy for controlling
and containing a fire while protecting themselves.
 Standard protective equipment and precautions
Standard protection for all firefighters stated in this subsection of the SDS text should include self-
contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full fire fighting turn-out gear (Bunker gear).
 Specific protective equipment and precautions
For specific materials where this is not adequate protection, make further recommendations based
upon the description of the specific hazards of the material.
Additional examples of topics to address here are: warnings against flashback of flammable vapors;
spattering and frothing from spraying water; using foam on high flash point liquids; using water spray to
cool containers; establishing access points upwind (and uphill) of the hot zone; or creating a containment
plan and measures for limiting environmental impact.
Example:
Stop flow of gas before attempting to extinguish fire.
Example:
Evacuate area and fight fire from a safe distance.
51

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Example:
Keep upwind (and uphill) of fire. Wear full fire fighting turn-out gear (full Bunker gear) and
respiratory protection (SCBA). Cool container with water spray.
9.6 Section 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Purpose: This section contains information for responding to spills, leaks or releases in order to prevent
or minimize the adverse effects on persons, property and the environment. Methods for handling spills or
leaks, in the absence of fire, shall be included when appropriate to allow immediate action to contain
spills. This will minimize exposures and help prevent personal injury and environmental contamination.
Audience: This information is intended for employees, employers, emergency responders, occupational
health and safety professionals, and transportation professionals.
9.6.1 Personal precautions
Scope: Include information on personal protective equipment and precautions relating to spills and
releases of the material. Examples could include removal of ignition sources for flammable materials,
evacuation procedures, warnings to stay upwind (and uphill), and securing the area. It may be useful to
indicate when no special instructions are necessary or reference other sections that could be helpful.
Include a statement that refers readers to personal protective equipment specified in Section 8:
EXPOSURE CONTROL/PERSONAL PROTECTION.
Example:
Use personal protection recommended in Section 8. Isolate the hazard area and deny entry to
unnecessary and unprotected personnel.
9.6.2 Environmental precautions
Scope: Include information on equipment and environmental precautions relating to spills and releases of
the material.
Example:
This material is a water pollutant. Keep out of drains, sewers, ditches and waterways.
Minimize use of water to prevent environmental contamination.
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
9.6.3 Methods for containment
Scope: Include information on techniques and equipment to contain (e.g., diking or capping) or prevent
further spread of spilled material or leaking containers. Where appropriate, distinguish between
responses for large and small spills. It may be useful to indicate when no special instructions are
necessary.
Example:
Contain spilled liquid with sand or earth. DO NOT use combustible materials, such as sawdust.
52

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
9.6.4. Methods for clean-up
Scope: Include information on techniques (e.g., neutralization, decontamination, absorption, sweeping,

vacuuming, proper media) and equipment (e.g., non-sparking tools) to clean-up spilled or leaked material
and decontamination of the site. Where appropriate, distinguish between responses for large and small
quantities of material. It may be useful to indicate when no special instructions are necessary. Also
specify personal protection equipment including respiratory protection and protective clothing that
responders need to avoid injury or death.
Example:
Eliminate all ignition sources. Use explosion-proof equipment. Dust can be a fire or explosion
hazard. Vacuum or sweep material and place in a disposal container.
Example:
Spills of fine material should be cleaned using gentle sweeping or vacuuming in accordance
with ‘best practices’ (e.g. NFPA-654).
Example:
Cleaning methods (e.g. compressed air) which can generate potentially combustible dust
clouds should not be used.
9.6.5 Other information
Scope: There may be specific reporting requirements associated with spills, leaks or releases. It may be
useful to reference such reporting requirements in this section or in Section 15: REGULATORY
INFORMATION.
Example:
US regulations require reporting spills of this material that could reach any surface waters. The
toll-free phone number for the US Coast Guard National Response Center is 1-800-424-8802.
9.6.6 Spill or leak statements by type of chemical
Scope: The appropriate spill or leak statements used on hazard communication documents are
dependent on the physical form or physical/chemical hazards present in the material. See table below for
suggested spill or leak statements for different physical forms or hazards. The instructions in the table
are applicable in most cases. Be advised that certain chemicals will require very specific procedures.
Additional spill or leak statements are found in Chapter 13, Table J.
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53

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Spill or leak statements
Type of chemical Spill or leak statement
Most liquids Use appropriate personal protective

equipment (PPE). Contain and/or absorb
spill with inert material (specify sand,
vermiculite or other appropriate material)*,
then place in suitable container. Prevent run-
off from entering drains, sewers or
waterways.
Liquids where water may cause dangerous Use appropriate personal protection
reaction or otherwise create further hazard equipment (PPE). Contain and/or absorb
spill with inert material (specify sand,
vermiculite or other appropriate material)*,
then place in suitable container. Do not flush
to sewer. Prevent run-off from entering
drains, sewers or waterways.
Flammable/Combustible liquid, low water Eliminate all ignition sources. Use
solubility appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE). Absorb and/or contain spill with inert
materials (specify sand, vermiculite or other
appropriate material) *, then place in
appropriate container. For large spills, use
water spray to disperse vapors, flush spill
area. Do not flush to sewer. Prevent run-off
from entering drains, sewers or waterways.
Flammable/Combustible liquid, water-soluble Eliminate all ignition sources. Use
appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE). Absorb and/or contain spill with inert
material (specify sand, vermiculite or other
appropriate material)*, then place in suitable
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
container. For large spills: use water spray to
disperse vapors and dilute spill to a
nonflammable mixture. Do not flush to
sewer. Prevent run-off from entering drains,
sewers or waterways.
Most solids Use appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE). Carefully shovel or sweep
up spilled material and place in suitable
container. Avoid generating dust.
Combustible dusts Dust deposits should not be allowed to
accumulate on surfaces, as these may form
an explosive mixture if they are released into
the atmosphere in sufficient concentration.
Avoid dispersal of dust in the air (i.e., clearing
dust surfaces with compressed air).
Oxidizers Evacuate area. Wear a self-contained breathing
apparatus and appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE). Contain and recover liquid
when possible. Flush spill area with water spray.
Do not flush to sewer. Prevent run-off from
entering drains, sewers or waterways.
54

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Type of chemical Spill or leak statement
Flammable gas Evacuate area. Do not enter flammable

release area. Eliminate all ignition sources.
Stop flow of gas. Increase ventilation to
release area. Wear a self-contained
breathing apparatus and appropriate
personal protective equipment (PPE).
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Toxic gas (non-flammable) Evacuate area. Wear a self-contained
breathing apparatus and appropriate
personal protective equipment (PPE). Stop
flow of gas.
Strong acid or strong base Use personal protective equipment (PPE).
Absorb and/or contain spill with inert material
(specify sand, vermiculite or other
appropriate material),* then place in suitable
container. For large spills: neutralize spill
area with (specify appropriate material).
Flush spill area with water spray. Do not
flush to sewer. Prevent run-off from entering
drains, sewers or waterways.
Pyrophoric solid or liquid Use personal protective equipment (PPE).
Cover with sand or earth. Scoop up and
store in non-combustible container. Flush
spill area with water spray. Do not flush to
sewer. Prevent run-off from entering drains,
sewers or waterways.
* Select applicable word or words.
9.7 Section 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE
9.7.1 Handling
Purpose: This subsection provides guidance on safe handling practices.
Audience: This information is intended for employees, occupational health and safety professionals and
employers.
Scope: Emphasize precautions that are proper for the unique properties of the material rather than
reviewing general good workplace practices.
Note or reference specific regulatory requirements that may exist for the safe handling of the material.
List handling practices that would:
 minimize contact between the worker and the material;

 minimize fire risks from flammable and combustible materials (including combustible dust and
static accumulating liquids) or dangerous reactions with incompatible materials;
 minimize release of the material to the environment (including sewers and waterways).
55

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Include general warnings on what practices to avoid or restrict. Include handling practices, such as how
to prevent vapor release, the need for a totally enclosed system, and other useful practices.
Standard precautionary label statements are suitable text for this section. (Refer to Precautionary
measures listed in Tables A-J in Chapter 13).
Example: General warning to prevent exposure

Do not breathe (dust, vapor, mist, gas).
Example: General warning to prevent exposure

Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing.
Example: General hygiene recommendations to prevent continued exposure

Wash thoroughly after handling.
Example: General hygiene recommendations to prevent continued exposure

Destroy contaminated shoes in proper manner.
Example: Recommendations to prevent sudden pressure release

To avoid sudden release of pressure, loosen closure cautiously before opening.
Example: For solids that are combustible dusts in their “as-manufactured’ form
Airborne dusts are potentially explosive. Avoid significant deposits of material, especially on
horizontal surfaces, which may become airborne and form combustible dust clouds and may
contribute to secondary explosions. Handling and processing operations should be conducted
in accordance with ‘best practices’ (e.g. NFPA-654).
Example: For solids that are not combustible dusts in their ‘as-manufactured’ form but may
generate fines (e.g. dusts, small particles) during handling, processing, or other ‘reasonably
anticipated’ end-uses
Combustible dust clouds may be created where operations produce fine material (dust). Avoid
significant deposits of material, especially on horizontal surfaces, which may become airborne
and form combustible dust clouds and may contribute to secondary explosions. Handling and
processing operations should be conducted in accordance with ‘best practices’ (e.g.NFPA-
654).
Example: Use of bonding and grounding for materials that may be static accumulating
flammable liquids
Handling operations that can promote accumulation of static charges include but are not limited
to: mixing, filtering, pumping at high flow rates, splash filling, creating mists or sprays, tank and
container filling, tank cleaning, sampling, gauging, switch loading, vacuum truck operations.
Restrict flow velocity according to [CITE APPLICABLE CODE]. To reduce potential for static
discharge, ensure that all equipment is properly grounded, bonded and meets appropriate
electrical classification requirements.
56
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Statements about use of grounding and explosion-proof equipment are recommended for:
 very ignition-sensitive vapors (e.g., hydrogen, carbon disulfide);
 ignition-sensitive explosives; and,
 flammable or combustible materials.
Example: Recommendations for grounding and explosion-proof equipment

To reduce potential for static discharge, bond and ground containers when transferring
material.
Statements about use of non-sparking tools are recommended for very ignition sensitive vapors (e.g.,
hydrogen, carbon disulphide) and ignition-sensitive explosives. Statements about the use of non-
sparking impact tools are recommended for flammable vapors.
Example:
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment.
List which practices should be followed to avoid dangerous reactions, such as inert gas blanketing, not
using oil in equipment used for strong oxidizers, or not opening drums that could be under pressure.
Example:
Keep under nitrogen blanket.
Example:
Use only clean, dry utensils in handling.
Include precautions about handling molten or hot materials, and cryogenics.
Example:
Heat resistant gloves are recommended when handling molten materials.
9.7.2 Storage
Purpose: Provide information about appropriate storage practices.
Audience: This information is intended for employees and employers, including those involved in storage
or transport of the material.
Scope: Emphasis should be placed on avoiding unusual or unique conditions that could injure individuals
working with the stored materials as well as damage physical structures. Consider explosive
atmospheres, corrosive conditions and flammability hazards.
Consider conditions that could damage or destroy the product and its container, incompatible materials,
evaporative conditions and ambient conditions (e.g., pressure, temperature, humidity, vibration). Storage
regulations for flammable and combustible liquids are in part based on flash point. In some cases, it may
57

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
be useful to include the flash point and/or storage class on labels as information pertinent to storage
regulations and codes. (See NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code).
Also, include information on conditions necessary to maintain the integrity of the material as it applies to
the safe storage and the quality/functionality of the material. Note the need for any special construction
materials necessary for packaging. Such information is required on SDSs intended for jurisdictions such
as the European Union. Note or reference specific regulatory requirements that may exist for the safe
storage of the material.
Example: Molten material

Solidifies at about ___ °F (___ °C) and may break container. Store in moderately warm place.
9.8 Section 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
9.8.1 Exposure guidelines
Purpose: This subsection identifies established exposure guidelines for the material and/or its
components.
Audience: This information is intended for occupational health and safety professionals, employers and
employees.
Scope: OSHA PELs, ACGIH TLVs and BEIs, and established company exposure guidelines shall be
listed in the SDS for a pure material and for the components of a mixture which are required to be
disclosed by regulation. Include other exposure guidelines at your discretion. These may include limits
that are appropriate for other countries where the material may be used, and/or state-mandated PELs.
Exposure guidelines should indicate the identity of the material or the component, list the exposure limit
including units of measure, specific notations (e.g., skin, ceiling or STEL) and exposure limits based on
non-standard timeframes. The chemical names should match the names of the components listed in
Section 3. If a TLV or PEL has a name different from the name of that component in Section 3, it should
be explained to avoid confusion.
Example: Exposure guidelines presented as text

Exposure guidelines:
methylchemical – TWA: 100 ppm, STEL: 150 ppm (OSHA and ACGIH)
– TWA: 50 ppm, STEL: 100 ppm (XYZ Company)
ethylchemical – TWA: 50 ppm, STEL: N.E.
propylchemical – TWA: 200 ppm, STEL: 250 ppm (skin) (OSHA and ACGIH)
butylchemical – TWA: 250 ppm (ACGIH)
(N.E. – Not Established)
58
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Example: Exposure guidelines presented as table

Exposure guidelines:
OSHA ACGIH XYZ Company

Component TWA STEL TWA STEL TWA STEL Unit
methylchemical 100 150 100 150 50 100 ppm

ethylchemical 50 N.E. 50 N.E. N.E. N.E. ppm
propylchemical 200(s) 250(s) 200(s) 250(s) N.E. N.E. ppm
butylchemical N.E. N.E. 250 N.E. N.E. N.E. ppm
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(s) – Skin
(N.E. – Not Established)
9.8.2 Engineering controls
Purpose: This subsection discusses the engineering controls that may be appropriate to help minimize
exposure to chemical or physical hazards.
Audience: This information is intended for employers, employees and occupational health and safety
professionals.
Scope: This subsection includes any generally applicable engineering control measures, including
ventilation needs and special process conditions needed to control exposures to the hazards of the
material during its normal anticipated use.
Include a statement such as “no specific controls are needed” for relatively innocuous materials or
“handle only in fully enclosed systems and equipment” for materials that pose a high degree of hazard.
Recommendations should adhere to good engineering practices. State the goals and limitations of
ventilation systems and other engineering controls. These may include reducing exposures below
established limits or controlling levels to minimize the potential of a physical hazard.
Example:
Use exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below exposure limits.
Design criteria usually cannot be specified in an SDS because of its complexity. This information is more
appropriate in a technical design bulletin.
9.8.3 Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Purpose: This subsection provides guidance for selection of personal protective equipment (PPE)
needed to minimize the potential for illness or injury due to exposure from the material.
Audience: This subsection is intended for employers, employees, occupational health and safety
professionals, and emergency responders.
Scope: Recommend PPE for each route of exposure that presents a potential hazard – inhalation, skin
and eye/face. Note specific regulatory requirements for PPE (e.g., Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
5(e) consent orders or significant new-use rules; OSHA chemical-specific standards). List the preferred
PPE material of construction (including eye protection, gloves, boots, etc.) as well as the recommended
59

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
type of respirator, including the cartridge type. If known, also list the materials of construction and type of
respirator that are NOT suitable for the product. Emphasize the importance of minimizing or preventing
contact or exposure to the product.
Example:
Always wear a NIOSH-approved, positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator when handling this
material.
Base the recommendations on the specific properties and hazards of the product. The text should cover
PPE appropriate for:
 normal use and handling where the exposure potential has been determined;
 reasonably foreseeable use or misuse (e.g., emergency situations) where the potential for
exposure is not well defined.
Fire fighting universally requires full respiratory protection (SCBA) and full fire fighting turnout gear
(Bunker gear) to protect the wearer from a variety of hazards. If the material has some toxic hazard that
could render the turnout gear inadequate under certain conditions, state this in Section 5: FIRE
FIGHTING MEASURES and refer the reader to this section for further guidance.
Section 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES should warn of a general need for PPE and refer the
reader to Section 8 for instructions. By having all the PPE information together in this section, the reader
can most effectively decide what PPE should be worn. Some additional information for recommending
the proper PPE is found below.
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
9.8.3.1 Eye/face protection
Specify type of eye protection (safety glasses, goggles) and whether a face shield is necessary based on
the hazard of the material and potential for contact. Include a general note on the circumstances
requiring the PPE.
Example:
Wear chemical splash goggles and face shield when eye and face contact is possible due to
splashing or spraying of material.
9.8.3.2 Skin protection
Specify protective equipment to be worn (e.g., gloves, boots, bodysuit). Allow the reader to make
decisions based on both SDS data and an assessment of the local exposure potential.
To the extent possible, identify recommended materials of construction for protective equipment.
Conversely, identify materials known to be unacceptable. Base the recommendations on laboratory
permeation data, or appropriate field experience.
When specifying protective equipment for radioactive materials or those that represent a thermal hazard
(e.g., molten materials, cryogenics), special consideration should be given to materials of construction
and equipment design.
Example:
Wear chemical resistant clothing such as gloves, apron, boots or whole bodysuits made from
neoprene, as appropriate.
60

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
9.8.3.3 Respiratory protection
Identify appropriate types of respiratory protection for different conditions and the limitations on their use.
When air-purifying respirators are recommended, specify the proper purifying element (cartridge or
canister).
Example:
A NIOSH-approved air-purifying respirator with an organic vapor cartridge or canister may be
permissible under certain circumstances where airborne concentrations are expected to exceed
exposure limits. Protection provided by air-purifying respirators is limited. Use a positive-
pressure, air-supplied respirator if there is any potential for uncontrolled release, exposure
levels are not known or any other circumstances where air-purifying respirators may not provide
adequate protection.
9.8.3.4 General hygiene considerations
This subsection can be inserted into an SDS to provide general hygiene considerations not otherwise
specified above. It recognizes that while some materials may present no obvious hazard to health or
environment, there are some general hygiene considerations that are practiced by industry and are
generally applicable to workplace situations. Such considerations may include:
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
 Avoid breathing vapor or mist.
 Avoid contact with eyes and skin.
 Wash thoroughly after handling and before eating or drinking.
These general hygiene considerations are not material specific. If used, they are placed here to avoid
diminishing the importance of the material specific recommendations. Alternatively, general hygiene
considerations can be put into proper context by using some qualifying language.
Example:
There are no known hazards associated with this material when used as recommended. The
following general hygiene considerations are recognized as common good workplace practices.
9.9 Section 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Purpose: This section identifies the physical and chemical properties that characterize the material. This
information is useful in determining proper product handling procedures.
Scope: The following properties subheadings must appear in this section, where appropriate and
relevant according to the countries or regions for which the SDS is intended and into which the product is
being supplied. Some regulations require these subheadings even if there are no data.
Refer to the concepts and details presented in the previous chapters of the Standard when deciding
which physical and chemical property headings should be included. Identify appropriate methods, units
of measure or reference conditions for properties if applicable (see discussion in Chapter 8.4.6 on units of
measure). If included, clearly identify specific properties that do not apply or for which data are not
available. Where data for a mixture are not available but data for a major component do exist, this
information may be provided with a suitable identification that the data apply to one component. It may
be useful to indicate the resulting properties of a chemical which has been dissolved in water. For
61

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
example, the pH of a solid is not applicable, but you may want to include the pH of an aqueous solution of
a product, especially if the solution is hazardous.
 appearance (color, physical form, shape);
 odor;
 odor threshold;
 physical state;
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
 pH;
 melting/freezing point (specify which);
 initial boiling point and boiling range;
 flash point;
 evaporation rate;
 flammability (solid, gas);
 upper/lower flammability or explosive limits;
 vapor pressure;
 vapor density;
 specific gravity or relative density;
 solubility(ies) (specify solvent, e.g., water);
 partition coefficient: n-octanol/water;
 autoignition temperature;
 decomposition temperature.
While not inclusive, the following list contains additional properties that may apply only to certain
materials. It is not necessary to list the following properties if data are not available or not applicable.
 heat value;
 volatile organic compounds (VOC) content;
 softening point;
 pour point;
 viscosity;
 bulk density;
62

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
 percent volatile;
 saturated vapor concentration (include reference temperatures);
 molecular weight;
 molecular formula;
 sublimation point;
 liquid conductivity;
 metal corrosion rate;
 particle size/particle size distribution;
 minimum ignition energy (MIE);
 minimum explosive concentration (MEC);
 dust deflagration index (Kst).
9.10 Section 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Purpose: The HCS requires the disclosure of physical hazards that are associated with a material. This
is accomplished by describing the status (stable or unstable) of the material along with the related
conditions and consequences that are associated with a hazardous chemical reaction.
Audience: This section is intended for employers, employees, occupational health and safety
professionals and emergency responders.
Scope: This section is intended to communicate the potential hazards associated with the stability and
reactivity (see Glossary) of the material under specified conditions. The information that is presented in
this section should be based, where available, on specific test data for the material. However, the
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
information may also be based on general data for the class or family of chemical if it adequately
represents the anticipated hazard of the material. Where test data for a mixture are not available,
component data/information may be provided with a suitable identification that the data apply to a
specified component. Emphasis should be placed on reactions with hazardous consequences. This
section is not intended to prescribe appropriate proper handling and storage. Section 7: HANDLING
AND STORAGE should be referenced for this type of information.
This section should address the following elements:
9.10.1 Reactivity
Describe the reactivity hazards of the material in this section. Provide specific test data where available.
9.10.2 Possibility of hazardous reactions
State if the material has the potential to undergo a chemical reaction that can result in an undesirable
effect(s), such as pressure buildup, temperature increase or the formation of hazardous by-products.
Hazardous reactions can include but are not limited to polymerization, decomposition, condensation,
water-reactivity and self-reactivity. A description of the reaction and the specific condition(s) that could
cause or contribute to the hazardous reaction should be noted along with the associated effect(s).
63

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Additional information should be stated regarding the existence or need for stabilizers if applicable,
including specific guidance on their application.
Example:
HEAD SPACE MAY CONTAIN ETHYLENE OXIDE.
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Example:
CONTACT WITH AIR CAN LEAD TO FORMATION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID.
9.10.3 Chemical stability
Indicate if the material is stable or dangerously unstable under normal ambient temperature and pressure
or anticipated storage and handling conditions. A reference should be provided to clarify the term
“normal” to ensure that appropriate assumptions are made (e.g., 70°F (21°C) and 14.7 psig (760 mm
Hg)). Additional information should be stated regarding the existence or need for stabilizers if applicable,
including specific guidance on their application.
9.10.4 Conditions to avoid
List conditions to avoid (e.g., heat, pressure, light, freezing, moisture, shock or other physical stresses)
that can cause a hazardous situation (e.g., explosion, release of toxic or flammable materials, liberation of
excessive heat). Undesirable conditions should also be specified with appropriate data if applicable (e.g.,
auto-decomposition temperature, sublimation point). For example, temperature conditions during
transportation could be considerably higher or lower than room temperature. If a material could change
during conditions of storage and transport, it should be noted on the SDS, especially if the change has
safety implications.
9.10.5 Incompatible materials
List specific materials or classes of chemicals (e.g., oxidizers, organics, acids) with which the product
could react to produce a hazardous situation. When determining incompatibility, consider the materials,
containers, contaminants and possible methods of conveyance that the product might be exposed to
during transportation, storage and use.
9.10.6 Hazardous decomposition products
List known and reasonably anticipated hazardous materials produced as a result of decomposition,
including oxidation (except burning), heating, chemical reaction with another material, electrolysis or
decay. Hazardous decomposition products generally consist of flammable and toxic materials, pressure
and heat.
9.11 Section 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Purpose: This section provides toxicological information (data and/or interpretation) on the material
and/or its components. This section provides supporting information or additional detail for human health
hazards presented in Section 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION.
Audience: The information is intended for healthcare professionals, health and safety professionals, and
toxicologists.
64

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Scope: Information should be provided that can be used to assess the human health hazards or potential
health effects of a material and/or its components. This information may include:
 human data (e.g., epidemiology studies, case reports, human patch tests)
 animal data (e.g., acute studies, repeat dose studies)
 in vitro data (e.g., Corrositex®; Ames tests)
 structure activity relationships (SAR) (e.g., Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships [QSAR];
knowledge-based or statistically-based computer expert systems). (See Glossary)
This section may also include interpretation of data including its relevance to human health. The
information should reflect a thorough evaluation of all relevant data and a scientifically defensible hazard
assessment.
This section is not intended to present all known test data for the material and/or its components. Writers
should use or seek professional judgment to present representative data that they feel will be most useful
to intended audiences. Present the information in a manner that will support how the substance is
classified. Accordingly, the data must clearly indicate species, route of exposure, units of measure, and
where applicable, test duration and test conditions. Studies of questionable human relevance may be
included if the discussion will assist in the health hazard evaluation of the material and/or its components.
In some cases, there may be a wealth of test data available on the material and/or its components. If so,
it may be desirable to summarize results by route of exposure, to discuss only selected studies, which are
representative of the human health hazards reported in Section 2, or to simply provide a contact where
the reader may obtain full details of the available data.
The following types of toxicity endpoints may be addressed for a material and/or its components. Clearly
indicate the information that relates to the material and that which is component-specific. See Chapter 5
and the Glossary for more information on these terms. Studies which demonstrate no effect may also be
included. Determination of target organ effects and species differences should be noted where
appropriate. Effect and no-effect levels may be included.
 Acute dose effects: Effects that occur rapidly as a result of a single or short-term exposure.
(e.g., LD50, LC50).
 Aspiration hazard effects: Effects following the entry of a liquid or solid chemical directly through
the mouth or nose, or indirectly from vomiting, following ingestion, into the trachea and lungs.
 Repeated dose effects: Effects occurring in experimental animals as a result of repeated daily
exposure. (e.g., NOAEL, LOAEL)
 Irritation effects: Reversible inflammatory effects on living tissue at the site of contact.
 Corrosive effects: Visible irreversible destruction to tissue at the site of contact.
 Sensitization effects (skin and respiratory): The development of an allergic reaction in a

substantial proportion of exposed people or animals after repeated exposure.
 Carcinogenic effects: The development of cancer in animals or humans.
 Neurological effects: Effects on the structure or function of the nervous system. Effects on the
nervous system and/or the production of emotional or behavioral abnormalities.
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-
65

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
 Mutagenic effects: The alteration of genetic material.
 Reproductive effects: Adversely affecting the ability of an organism to reproduce.
 Developmental effects: Birth defects or other effects on the developing embryo or fetus.
 Target organ effects: Effects on organ(s) or organ systems by direct or systemic exposure.
Toxicological data may be formatted in a variety of ways (e.g., by route of exposure, type of animal, or
toxicological end point). The format may include data or narrative summaries, with or without
interpretation. The following are examples of how information may be presented for this section.
Example: Data summaries on product or similar product

Data obtained on this product or a similar product:
EYE EFFECTS: Slightly irritating to the rabbit eye. Draize Score: 18 out of 110.
SKIN EFFECTS: Slightly irritating to rabbit skin. Draize Score: 0.8 out of 8.0.
The potential for absorption through the skin in acutely toxic amounts is low; dermal LD50 in
rabbits: 20,000 mg/kg.
ACUTE ORAL EFFECTS: Single dose oral toxicity is practically nontoxic; the LD50 in rats given
the material as a 10% corn oil solution is 1,870 mg/kg for males and 3,730 mg/kg for females.
Liver necrosis was observed in survivors.
ACUTE INHALATION EFFECTS: The 4-hr LC50 in rats is 250 mg/m3 (357 ppm). CNS
--`,``,,`,`,`,`,,,,`,`,`,,,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
depression would be expected. May be a cardiac sensitizer based on structural analogy.
SUBCHRONIC EFFECTS: Repeated inhalation exposure of rats for four or seven hours per
day for eight days at 1,000 ppm resulted in ataxia, decreased body weight, increased SGPT,
and caused increased relative liver and kidney weights with accompanying histologic changes
of an adaptive nature. A two-week oral gavage study in rats given 300 mg/kg/day showed
hepatic hypertrophy in females but not in males.
CHRONIC EFFECTS/CARCINOGENICITY: A bioassay was conducted by gavage in rats

given 60 or 150 mg/kg/day and mice at 230 or 550 mg/kg/day. Both rats and mice showed
evidence of increases in hepatocellular carcinoma and adenoma. The doses did not exceed
the MTD. The material is listed as a potential carcinogen by IARC.
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: The material was negative in the Ames test. It bound covalently in
vivo to DNA, RNA and tissue proteins from rats and mice when injected i.p.
REPRODUCTIVE/DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS: Birth defects including skeletal

malformations were noted in the offspring of dogs given this product during pregnancy, but only
at dosages which produced significant adverse effects in the mother. No birth defects were
noted in the offspring of rats or rabbits exposed to this product during pregnancy. No effects
were noted on the ability of male or female rats to reproduce when given this product in the diet
for 3 generations. This product produced no genetic changes in standard tests using bacterial
cells.
66

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Example: Data summaries available only on components

REPORTED HUMAN EFFECTS:PRODUCT/SIMILAR PRODUCT – No human data are
available for this product.
REPORTED ANIMAL EFFECTS: PRODUCT/SIMILAR PRODUCT – No animal data are

available for this product.
Data obtained on the component(s) include:
Methylchemical: Oral LD50 (rat) 110 mg/kg. Oral LD50 (mouse) 100 mg/kg. Inhalation LC50 (4
hrs, rat) 125 ppm, (2/6 deaths); 250 ppm (6/6 deaths). Dermal LD50 (rabbits) 800 mg/kg. Skin
irritation (rabbit) mild; eye irritation (rabbit) severe. Liver and kidney damage was observed in
acute oral and inhalation studies.
Example: Data summaries in narrative form

Repeated exposure of humans to this chemical in controlled skin contact produced no skin
irritation or skin allergy.
No skin allergy was observed in guinea pigs following repeated skin exposure. In rats and
dogs, this chemical has a strong diuretic effect.
Following repeated exposure to this chemical in the feed, bladder effects were observed in rats
and mice and kidney effects in female rats. Bladder stones, bladder hyperplasia and chronic
inflammation were observed in long-term oral exposure studies of this chemical in rats or mice;
kidney stones were also observed in female rats. The incidence of bladder tumors was
increased in male rats and was associated with the chronic irritation from the stones.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has reviewed this chemical and
determined that it is "not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (3)" (IARC
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Monographs, Supplement 7). This chemical has produced no genetic changes in standard
tests using bacterial and animal cells and whole animals.
No birth defects were noted in the offspring of rats exposed to this chemical during pregnancy.
Example: Structure activity relationship (SAR)

Neurotoxic effects, such as hind-limb paralysis, are expected for this chemical based on its
structural similarity to 1,3-diethylxyz.
Example: Extensive data, call for information

There are extensive toxicological data available on the various components of this product. An
adequate representation of all these data is beyond the scope of this document. If you need
more information, please contact XYZ Chemical at the telephone number found in Section 1.
9.12 Section 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Purpose: This section provides ecotoxicological and environmental fate information to assist in the
evaluation of the environmental impact of the material and/or its components if released to the
environment. This section may be used to present information that supports statements of environmental
hazards presented in Section 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION.
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Audience: This information is intended for environmental professionals and others who may be involved
in evaluating use, disposal, spill control or waste treatment practices.
Scope: Information should be provided that can be used to assess the environmental hazards or
potential environmental interactions of a material and/or its components. This includes environmental
fate and toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. This information may include data from
environmental studies and information extrapolated from similar or structurally related materials. It may
also include interpretation of data including its relevance to the environment. The information should
reflect a thorough evaluation of all relevant data and a scientifically defensible hazard assessment.
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This section is not intended to present all known test data for the material or its components. Writers
should use or seek professional judgment to present representative data that they feel will be most useful
to intended audiences. Present the information in a manner that will support how the substance is
classified. Accordingly, the data must clearly indicate species, media, units of measure, test duration and
test conditions. Studies of questionable ecological relevance may be included if its discussion will assist
in the environmental hazard evaluation of the material and/or its components.
In some cases, there may be a wealth of test data available on the material and/or its components. If so,
it may be desirable to summarize results by medium, to discuss only selected studies, which are
representative of the environmental hazards reported in Section 2, or to simply provide a contact where
the reader may obtain full details of the available data.
The following types of data may be addressed. Determination of effect and no-effect levels and species
differences may be noted where appropriate.
— Ecotoxicity: Briefly discuss the acute and chronic effects of the product and/or its components
— Toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic plants and animals (e.g., algae, invertebrates, fish and
birds)
— Toxicity to beneficial microorganisms (e.g., soil and sewage treatment microorganisms)
— Persistence/Degradability: Discuss the material’s potential to degrade or be removed by

biological and/or chemical processes and its potential to persist in the environment.
— Potential to undergo photolysis and/or hydrolysis

— Potential for and rate of microbial degradation in soil, water or sediment
— Products of degradation and their potential ecotoxicity
— Bioaccumulation/Accumulation: Discuss the potential of the material and/or its degradation

products to accumulate/bioconcentrate in plants, invertebrates, fish and other aquatic organisms.
— Bioconcentration factor (BCF)

— Octanol/water partition coefficient
— Mobility in environmental media: Discuss the mobility of the material (and/or its degradation
products).
— The media/compartments (air, soil/sediment, water) into which the material partitions
— The rate of movement through soil/sediment and/or groundwater
— Adsorption and desorption in soil
— The potential to reach groundwater and its expected effects
— Other adverse effects: A material’s environmental impact may not be limited to the above
information. The following are examples of environmental information that may be listed and/or
discussed in this section and referenced in other sections (water solubility, vapor pressure, etc.):
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
— Physical/chemical properties affecting environmental fate and effects

— Material’s role in ozone depletion
— Smog formation
— Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) content
— Heavy metals content
— Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) content
The following examples are provided to illustrate different approaches to presenting and summarizing
ecological information. For all options, one can provide a phone number that may be called to obtain
ecological information.
Example: Data summaries on product or similar product

Data obtained on this product or a similar product:
Ecotoxicological Information:
Aquatic Toxicity (Acute):
This product is highly toxic to fish and harmful to invertebrates and algae upon immediate
exposure.
96-hour LC50 Salmo gairdneri = 0.6 mg/L (nominal value).
48-hour EC50 Daphnia magna = 30 mg/L (nominal value).
96-hour EC50 Selenastrum capricornutum = 33 mg/L (cell numbers).
The aquatic toxicity tests were carried out using a static test system.
Terrestrial Toxicity:
No adverse effects were seen on plant germination at 10 mg/L in the following plants:
Rye grass, radish and lettuce
Chemical Fate Information:
28-day biodegradation = 40%. The material is not readily biodegradable.
No inhibition of microbial activity was seen at 3 mg/L in a biodegradation test.
The bioaccumulation potential is low (log Pow = 2.7).
69
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Example: Summary only (based on data on product)

Ecotoxicological Information:
This product is highly toxic to fish and algae upon immediate exposure.
Chemical Fate Information:
This product hydrolyzes within 5 hours. The half-life in soil is 3 days (both sandy and loam
soils).
There is little potential for this material to accumulate in plant or animal systems.
Example: Data and summary based on major components and/or a product with a similar
composition or chemistryEcotoxicological Information
Aquatic Toxicity (Acute):
This product is highly toxic to fish and algae upon immediate exposure. This conclusion is
based on data for Component A.
96-hour LC50 Salmo gairdneri = 0.6 mg/L (nominal value).
48-hour EC50 Daphnia magna = 30 mg/L (nominal value).
96-hour EC50 Selenastrum capricornatum = 33 mg/L (cell numbers).
The aquatic toxicity tests were carried out using a static test system.
A similar product caused no inhibition of microbial activity at 3 mg/L in a biodegradation test.
Example: Extensive data, call for information

There are extensive ecological data available on the various components of this product. An
adequate representation of all these data is beyond the scope of this document. If you need
more information, please contact XYZ Chemical at the telephone number found in Section 1.
9.13 Section 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Purpose: This section provides information that may be useful in the proper disposal, recycling or
reclamation of the material and/or its container.
Audience: This section is primarily intended for environmental professionals and other technical persons
or those individuals responsible for waste management activities.
Scope: This section may include information that is relevant to and will assist in determining the safe and
environmentally preferred waste management options: disposal, recycling, reclamation, as well as
parameters that will enhance or limit the options.
The following information may be useful:
— hazardous waste characteristic(s) or listing under applicable regulations [e.g., Resource

Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations as found in 40 CFR 261];
70
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— discussion of physical/chemical properties that may affect disposal options (e.g., heat value)
or reference to Section 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES;
— advice that state or local regulations or restrictions may differ from federal regulations;
— advice that the information applies to the material as manufactured; processing, use or
contamination may make the information inappropriate, inaccurate or incomplete;
— a reminder that the generator of the waste has the responsibility for proper waste
identification based on characteristic(s) or listing, transportation and disposal.
— statements referring to Section 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE and Section 8: EXPOSURE

CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION for additional handling information and protection of
employees.
Example: Generic language

Recover or recycle if possible.
Disposal should be in accordance with applicable regional, national and local laws and
regulations. Local regulations may be more stringent than regional or national requirements.
The information presented below only applies to the material as supplied. The identification
based on characteristic(s) or listing may not apply if the material has been used or otherwise
contaminated. It is the responsibility of the waste generator to determine the toxicity and
physical properties of the material generated to determine the proper waste identification and
disposal methods in compliance with applicable regulations.
If the material as supplied becomes a waste the following hazardous waste characteristic(s) or
hazardous waste listing applies: insert regional, national or local hazard waste characteristic or
hazardous waste listing information.
Example: RCRA hazardous waste if discarded

ID #P007. Recycle or incinerate at any EPA-approved facility or dispose in compliance with
federal, state and local regulations.
Empty containers must be triple-rinsed prior to disposal.
Example: Excess materials which are NOT classified as RCRA Hazardous

If this product as supplied becomes a waste, it does not meet the criteria of a hazardous waste
as defined under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 40 CFR 261.
Example: Excess materials which are NOT classified as RCRA Hazardous

The recommended disposal technology is solidification with stabilizing agents (such as fly ash
or cement) so that no free liquid remains before disposal to a licensed industrial waste facility.
9.14 Section 14: TRANSPORT INFORMATION
Purpose: This section provides basic shipping classification information and special precautionary
information to help a knowledgeable user prepare a material for shipment.
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Audience: This information is intended for transportation professionals (i.e., transporters and drivers),
employers (including customers and distributors) and emergency responders.
Scope: This section contains information on codes and classifications for transport and any special
precautionary information required by a user for transport or conveyance within or outside of their
premises, differentiated by the mode of transport (i.e., land, inland waterways, sea and air). This section
is not intended to contain every regulatory detail involving the transportation of a material.
9.14.1 Basic shipping description
Include the basic shipping description, consisting of:
— identification number;
— proper shipping name; include technical name(s) when required;
— hazard class; subsidiary hazard classes;
— packing group.
Consider indicating if a product is not regulated for shipping or if the classification changes based on
quantity, packaging or method of shipment.
Additional elements that should be included, where applicable:
— hazardous substances;
— marine pollutants, including name of marine pollutant and quantity.
9.14.2 Additional information
Additional information that may be included:
— other DOT requirements such as reportable quantities, modal restrictions, placarding,

packaging, labeling or exemptions;
— classification/descriptions under the US Coast Guard regulations;
— classification/descriptions under international transportation regulations, including:
— shipment by water [International Maritime Organization regulations (IMO), including the

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships,1973, as modified
by the protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78) and the International Code for the
Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk
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(International Bulk Chemical Code or IBC Code)];
— shipment by air [International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and International Air
Transport Association (IATA) regulations];
— shipment in Canada [Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) regulations];
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
— surface shipments in Europe [European Agreement Concerning the International

Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) and European Agreements Concerning
the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID)]; and
— shipment in Australia [Australian Dangerous Goods (ADG) regulations].
— reference to the DOT “Emergency Response Guide”, the Federal Emergency Management
Administration’s “Hazardous Materials Guide for First Responders,” the ICAO “Emergency
Response Guidance for Aircraft Incidents Involving Dangerous Goods” and/or the IMO
“Emergency Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods,” as appropriate.
— reference to the Transport Canada “Emergency Response Assistance Plan,” if applicable.
Special Precautions:
— special handling procedures (i.e., refrigeration during transport);
— other special precautions.
9.15 Section 15: REGULATORY INFORMATION
Purpose: This section provides information on the regulatory status of a material and/or its components
and its regulated uses. The information will be useful for compliance with health, safety and
environmental laws and regulations.
Audience: This information is intended for employers, occupational health and safety, environmental and
other regulatory compliance personnel.
Scope: The content and organization of this section depends on where the material is manufactured, its
intended use or where it is marketed. This section is not intended to be a comprehensive list of the
regulations that may apply to the material.
US Federal
The US Federal regulations, statutes and agencies to consider include the following: OSHA, TSCA,
FIFRA, CERCLA, SARA Title III, CAA, CWA, SDWA, FHSA, DEA and FDA/USDA. (Acronyms are
defined in the Glossary.)
— OSHA – indicate chemical-specific standards that may apply to this material or its
ingredients;
— TSCA – indicate the material’s inventory status or whether it is exempt from TSCA. Identify
other sections of TSCA that may apply;
— CERCLA – indicate the reportable quantity (RQ) of the material.
— SARA Title III – indicate information on the material that may include the following:
— Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS): Provide the chemical identity of
the listed substance, its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) and its RQ;
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
— Section 311/312: List the hazard class(es) of the material;
— Section 313 Toxic Chemicals: Provide the chemical identity of the listed substances, its
CAS Registry number or other designation reference, and its percent (%) by weight. This
data element can be used for EPCRA supplier notification (40 CFR 372.45 (c) (5)).
International regulations to consider include the following:
— Canada
— Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) status and classification;
— Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA);
— Export Notification requirements;
— Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).
— European Union
— Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACh) Regulation
(EC 1907/2006), and
 The Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP)

Regulation (EC 1272/2008).
— Other Chemical Inventories
— e.g., Japan, Korea, China, Australia, Philippines, New Zealand.
— Product Registrations
— e.g., China, Korea, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, New Zealand.
US State regulations
 Some states may require disclosure of ingredients not considered to be hazardous by OSHA
(e.g., New Jersey). Some states require inclusion of state-listed substances on an SDS for
materials used within that state. For example:
— The following states require listing substances at or below the HCS de minimis levels:
— Massachusetts;
— Pennsylvania;
— Rhode Island
NOTE: This can also be accomplished by listing the substance in Section 3:

COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS.
 Companies may choose to provide the status of the components with respect to the California
Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65). Although not required
to be listed on the SDS, it is one way of conveying whether or not a chemical or component is
considered by the state of California to have potential to be a carcinogen or to cause reproductive
harm.
74
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Example:
Federal Regulations
TSCA: All ingredients are on the inventory or exempt from listing.
SARA Title III Rules

Sections 311/312 Hazard Classes
Fire Hazard: Yes
Reactive Hazard: No
Release of Pressure: No
Acute Health Hazard: Yes
Chronic Health Hazard: Yes
Section 313 Toxic Chemicals
Benzene (CASRN 71-43-2) 0.5% by weight
Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS)/CERCLA Hazardous
Substances
Ingredient CERCLA/SARA RQ SARA EHS TPQ
Benzene 10 lbs Not Applicable
Other Federal Regulations

Drug Precursor Regulations
This product and its salts are listed as Precursor Chemicals by the Chemical Diversion and
Trafficking Act of 1988.
This product is listed as an Essential Chemical by the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking
Act of 1988.
Weapons Precursor Regulations

This product is classified as an Unscheduled Discrete Organic Chemical (UDOC) or PSF
chemical (phosphorus, sulfur or fluorine chemical).
State Regulations
California Proposition 65: This product contains chemical(s) known to the State of California
to cause cancer and/or to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm.
International Inventories
Canada (DSL): All ingredients are on the inventory or exempt from listing.
European Union: All ingredients conform to the EU requirements.
Japan (METI): All other ingredients are on the inventory or exempt from listing.
Philippines (PICCS): All other ingredients are on the inventory or exempt from listing.
South Korea (KECL): All ingredients are on the Inventory or exempt from listing.
Australia (AICS): All ingredients are on the Inventory or exempt from listing.
China (IECSC): All ingredients are on the Inventory or exempt from listing.
Other Regulations
WHMIS Classification: D-2B (TOXIC MATERIAL) This product has been classified in
accordance with the hazard criteria of the
Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) and the SDS contains all
the information required by the CPR.
75
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9.16 Section 16: OTHER INFORMATION
Purpose: This section provides a location for any additional information concerning the material that may
be useful.
Scope: This section may include:
— Companies may choose to indicate whether the SDS complies with other country
requirements.
— Hazard rating and rating systems (e.g. HMIS® III, NFPA): This information is intended solely
for the use of individuals trained in the particular system. It may be advisable to state this in
a disclaimer. Several hazard rating systems have been developed and differences exist
among the systems. Typically, these systems include acute health hazards, flammability,
physical hazards including reactivity, and may also include other hazards. Various systems
can frequently result in different ratings, causing potential confusion to readers not familiar
with a system. If an SDS contains a hazard rating code or symbol, it should clearly identify
which system is used to generate the rating. Internal company codes should not be used on
SDSs in general distribution.
— Key/legend: In general, try to avoid abbreviations. They are often confusing or unknown. If
used, include a key/legend to define abbreviations or potentially ambiguous terms. For
example, N/A has been used to denote “not available” and “not applicable.” Without an
explanation, the meaning is unclear. Be aware that abbreviations may be difficult to
translate.
— Preparation and revision information (revision indicator): Identify the significant changes in
the Preparation and Revision Information (Revision Indicator) field or use revision indicators
to help the reader see what has been changed between the revised and old document.
Below are some methods used to indicate revisions in either the body of the SDS or in this
section.
— Additional label text: Companies may wish to include label elements in addition to those
mentioned in Section 2.
Example:
This SDS has been revised in the following section(s):
1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Example:
The symbol (*) in the margin of this SDS indicates that this line has been revised.
Example:
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The personal protection section of this SDS was revised due to new recommendations.
Example:
The pH was added to Section 9.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
— Disclaimer: The disclaimer is usually intended to provide limits on the liability of the
document preparer when the specific material is used, misused, handled or stored in a way
that is not customary or reasonably foreseeable. The use of a disclaimer is optional, and is
usually determined by a preparer’s legal counsel. The disclaimer is typically found at the end
of the document.
77
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10 Labels and labeling
10.1 Introduction
After the hazard evaluation (see Chapter 3) is completed and the SDS (see Chapters 8 and 9) is written,
preparation of the precautionary label is the next step in the process. The label preparer typically reviews
the SDS and other documentation and then selects the appropriate hazard information and precautionary
statements for inclusion on the container label. This chapter is designed as an aid for persons
responsible for developing and reviewing precautionary labeling of hazardous workplace chemicals.
Before addressing some of the Standard’s labeling requirements, the reader should become familiar with
some important definitions and general guidelines.
A label is the display of written, printed, or graphic matter, which is intended to provide information and
which is affixed to, printed on, or attached to the chemical’s container, as well as any outside packaging.
The term labeling as used in this Standard includes container labels and other documents that contain
precautionary and hazard communication information. These other documents include product literature,
technical brochures, SDSs, training materials, process standards and other communications.
The term precautionary labeling includes hazard warning statements and other precautionary
statements. Precautionary labeling is not intended to include all information on the properties and
hazards of the chemical or the complete details of its handling under all conditions. Precautionary
labeling may not necessarily be identical from one document type to another for the same
chemical, but it must always be consistent (e.g., the label must be consistent with the SDS).
The first step in the preparation of a precautionary label is the performance of a hazard evaluation (see
Chapter 3) of the chemical, in keeping with applicable regulatory requirements. Next, documents are
identified that must be created or revised to provide necessary health and safety information. These
documents can include precautionary labels, SDSs, technical bulletins and other forms of communication.
While SDSs and technical bulletins contain large amounts of detailed information, precautionary labels
provide the most important hazard information in a simple and succinct manner. The information in these
documents will not necessarily be identical but it must always be consistent.
Since the audience for precautionary labeling includes individuals with a variety of education and training,
label text should convey the necessary information in as simple and clear a fashion as possible. Varying
levels of education and training can best be accommodated by:
— integrating warnings into work tasks and hazard related context;
— being selective and providing short focused messages;
— making symbols and text as specific as possible;
— simplifying the syntax of text and combinations of symbols; and
— making the labeling (e.g., labels, warning signs, etc.) conspicuous and legible.
The use of readily recognizable symbols that are further defined with simple text may be helpful. Such an
approach would be consistent with modern methods of warning label design as presented in ANSI 535.4,
for example.
10.2 Scope
This part of the Standard establishes the principles and guidelines for the preparation of precautionary
labeling for hazardous workplace chemicals. The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidance for the
preparation of precautionary labeling. It provides a framework to communicate useful, understandable
information for materials and hazardous chemicals. The concepts developed and guidance provided here
for labeling should be applied in a manner consistent with all statutory and regulatory requirements.
Precautionary labeling requirements and definitions are subject to change. The label preparer is
responsible for being familiar with current regulatory requirements and/or other applicable guidelines.
78
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Where there is a conflict between the applicable regulations and this Standard, the regulations must take
precedence over this Standard.
Some or all elements of this chapter may be applicable in preparing permissible, alternative workplace
chemical labeling approaches, such as stationary process containers and portable containers (See 29
CFR 1910.1200(f)(7) and (8) respectively). However, this chapter is not intended to address these
specific labeling issues. This chapter is also not intended to address or incorporate other alternative
industry labeling methods, such as the National Paints and Coatings Association’s Hazard Material
Information System (HMIS® III) or the National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA) NFPA 704 Standard
System for the Identification of Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response.
10.3 Labeling communication principles
Labeling of workplace chemicals is based on two general principles. Foremost, labeling should provide
sufficient information for the safe handling of the chemical. The precautionary information should be
based on the inherent properties of the chemical and include recommendations on how to avoid
potentially hazardous exposures resulting from customary and reasonably foreseeable occupational use,
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misuse, handling and storage.
Second, the precautionary information should neither overstate nor minimize the hazards or precautions.
Some chemicals may not be inherently hazardous and do not present a potential for harm in customary or
reasonably foreseeable occupational use, misuse, handling and storage. For these chemicals,
precautionary labeling may be unnecessary.
10.3.1 Comprehension
When developing labeling statements and warnings to address hazards, consider the following
guidelines:
 Major emphasis should focus on warnings for severe and high likelihood hazards.
 Label warnings are for alerting rather than educating.
 Brief statements using plain language and no more than two subordinate clauses are more likely
to be understood.
 Avoid the use of double negatives.
 Phrases that recommend positive action (i.e., do this…) are usually more effective than phrases
that prohibit action (i.e., do not do that…).
 Obtaining worker feedback on phrases can be useful in developing new statements.
 Studies have confirmed that it is very valuable to use the same phrase consistently when
communicating a specific hazard on a label.
The effectiveness of symbols in communicating hazards is dependent upon their recognition and
association to a specific hazard. Training greatly improves the comprehension and effectiveness of
symbols. Pictograms and symbols should only be used to supplement written information unless
specified by international regulations. Currently the use of some symbols to convey hazards is required
by some regulatory agencies such as the US Department of Transportation (49 CFR 172.300 to 172.560).
10.3.2 Label layout and design
The layout or design is important for label readability and communication. The readability of a label has
several aspects including layout, color and type style/size.
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10.3.2.1 Layout
When considering the layout for labels, note the following:

 Label size and orientation may vary depending on packaging.
 Other information, not related to hazard communication may need to be included on the label
(e.g., barcodes, lot numbers, weights, certificate of analysis and dates).
 The precautionary text should be easily identifiable relative to other information on the container
label.
10.3.2.2 Color
It is helpful to consider how the color contrast can emphasize important sections such as statements of
hazards (e.g., a contrast of black on white has a high level of readability). The use of color in other
sections should not detract from the readability of the precautionary text and other required labeling.
 Do not depend solely on color to highlight heading or text. Some users may be color-blind or the
document may be photocopied, thus losing the color highlighting.
 Avoid using red print as it may be difficult to see during an emergency when red lights are
flashing.
 Avoid the use of reversal effects (e.g., white letters on dark background) for large blocks of text
as this can decrease readability.
 Select light colors with black text or dark colors with white text when using images or symbols
containing text. The ability to produce a readable grayscale (black/white) print or fax is more
important than color matching.
10.3.2.3 Type size and style
Consider the effect of type size on the readability:

 Use enlarged or bolded typeface to emphasize certain label areas.
 Use a larger point size.
 Combine upper and lower case lettering (rather than using all upper case letters) for ease of
reading.
 Use simple rather than ornate typefaces.
10.4 Elements of a label
Selection of precautionary label text requires individual discretion and professional judgment, but in all
cases the label must meet the requirements specified in OSHA's HCS and other applicable regulations.
The OSHA required elements of a label are: identity of the hazardous chemicals; appropriate hazard
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warnings; and, the name and address of the chemical manufacturer, importer or other responsible party.
See 29 CFR 1910.1200(f)(1) for additional information on the OSHA required elements; see 29 CFR
1910.1001-1052 for substance specific OSHA requirements.
The space available on a small package label may prohibit the inclusion of complete precautionary text.
In addition, if label space limitations compromise text legibility, some precautionary text may appear on
other labeling rather than on the container label. In those instances, the applicable precautionary
information with the highest priority should appear on the container label.
The label elements are listed below. Individual discretion and professional judgment, based on the
particular hazards of the chemical, are necessary to determine the priority/inclusion of the following
precautionary labeling text:
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
— identification of the chemical product;

— identification of its hazardous component(s);
— name, address;
— telephone number of the manufacturer, importer or other responsible party;
— signal word;
— statement(s) of hazard(s);
— precautionary measures;
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— instructions in case of contact or exposure (first aid);
— antidotes, and notes to physician;
— instructions in case of fire;
— instructions in case of spill or leak;
— instructions for container handling and storage; and
— reference(s) to additional labeling/other documents.
10.4.1 Importer/Distributor requirements
The importer and/or distributor is responsible for ensuring that labeling is compliant with OSHA and other
applicable regulations.
10.5 Durability of a label
The durability of a label has several aspects, including:

— adhesives
— label stock
— ink or coatings
— product characteristics
When considering adhesives for a product label, it may be helpful to consider the application conditions
and techniques, surface temperatures, humidity, type of container (steel, fiberboard drum, etc.) and how
long the adhesive is likely to adhere in a given environment. For label stock, ink or coatings, it may be
helpful to consider whether the stock will be synthetic or paper, how soluble the ink is and whether a
coating over the label may be necessary to protect it. The characteristics of the product itself can
sometimes affect the kind of label that should be used.
10.6 Revision of precautionary labeling

The HCS requires that chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers who become newly
aware of any significant information regarding the hazards of a chemical shall revise the SDSs and
2
labels for the chemicals within three months of becoming aware of the information. Labels on containers
of hazardous chemicals shipped after that time shall contain the new information. When precautionary
labels are updated, all related labeling should be reviewed and revised as needed to ensure that the
information is consistent. Chemical manufacturers or importers shall ensure that distributors and
employers are provided with an updated SDS with the first shipment after an SDS is updated.
2
At the time of publication of this Standard OSHA has an administrative stay of enforcement on the requirement that
manufacturers, importers, distributors or employers update labels within three months of becoming aware of
significant information regarding the hazards of the chemical. OSHA will alert the regulated community at the time
that the stay is lifted. (CPL 2-2.38D – Inspection Procedures for the Hazard Communication Standard)
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
11 Elements of precautionary labeling
11.1 Product identification
Product identification consists of a product identifier and/or the chemical name(s) of the product’s
component(s). “Product identifier” is the name of a chemical product (e.g., brand name, code name, trade
name, product number, etc.). The product’s identifier or chemical names must directly link the label to
other documents, such as the SDS and/or an employer’s list of hazardous chemicals. The product
identifier and the product’s hazardous component(s) shall be disclosed on the label. When a product
lacks a product identifier and is composed of a single chemical substance, the chemical name shall be
used.
11.2 Component identification
The chemical names of the components contributing substantially to the hazards of a product shall be
included as part of the label. Several state right-to-know regulations may require the listing of chemical
components including those that do not contribute to the hazards of the product.
11.2.1 Trade secrets
There are cases where one or more components of a product may be a trade secret. For valid trade
secret claims, the specific component identity need not be included on the label. Where a state with right-
to-know regulation requires that a trade secret registry number replace the chemical identity, the trade
secret number shall be disclosed on the label where the chemical identifiers would otherwise be located.
When a chemical’s identity is a trade secret, the chemical manufacturer, importer or employer shall have
a procedure to immediately disclose the specific chemical identity where a treating health care
professional determines that a medical emergency exists and the trade secret chemical’s identity is
necessary for emergency or first-aid treatment. See 29 CFR 1910.1200(i)(2).
11.3 Signal word
The signal word shall indicate the relative degree of severity of an immediate hazard in diminishing order:
DANGER, WARNING and CAUTION. It comes immediately before the statement of hazard section on
the label and is intended to call the worker’s attention to the level of a chemical’s hazard severity. An
exclamation mark (!) may be used for emphasis following the signal word.
DANGER Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious
injury. This signal word is to be limited to the most extreme situations.
WARNING Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious
injury.
CAUTION Indicates a hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate
injury.
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When a chemical has more than one hazard, only the signal word corresponding to the class of greatest
immediate hazard shall be used.
Signal words can also be used for delayed hazards and hazards that may arise under conditions of use
(by-products, decomposition products, etc.).
See Tables A-J in Chapter 13 for use of signal words in conjunction with corresponding hazard
statements.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
11.3.1 Poison symbol
The word POISON and the skull and crossbones symbol should appear on the label when it is necessary
to attract attention to a severe and immediate harm that could result from exposure to a highly toxic
chemical (see Sections 5.1.1.3.1, 5.1.1.4.1 and 5.1.1.5.1). When used, the word and the symbol should
appear together on the label. These are typically placed before the “First Aid” instructions. (See Chapter
13, Tables F, G and H and “Unobtanium Gas” example label in Annex A). The word POISON and the
skull and crossbones symbol should be used in addition to, and not replace, a signal word.
11.4 Statement of hazard
The results of the hazard evaluation, as described in Chapters 4, 5 and 6 are the identification of physical,
health and environmental hazards associated with a particular chemical or mixture. Significant hazards
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then need to be communicated in clear, concise statements on the label (e.g., EXTREMELY
FLAMMABLE; CAUSES SKIN IRRITATION). The hazard warning must convey the particular hazards of
the chemical, including target organ effects. Statements for immediate hazards should usually precede
the statements for delayed hazards. In general, the most serious immediate hazard shall be placed first,
followed by all other immediate hazards. It is also desirable to group and prioritize delayed hazards.
In addition, statements of hazard should be included for any potential hazardous reaction chemicals that
would be expected to form under normal conditions of storage, handling or use. The statement of hazard
for such a chemical should usually follow the statements for the immediate and delayed hazards.
11.5 Name, address and telephone number
— The name and address of the manufacturer, importer or other responsible party shall be
included on product labels leaving the workplace and intended for outside sale or distribution.
The name should be the actual corporate name or name under which the business is
conducted. The address should include: the street address (the US street address may be
omitted if this is shown in a current city or telephone directory);
— city;
— state or province;
— ZIP or postal code;
— country (where applicable).
A telephone number for additional product information should be included on the label. Restrictions, such
as hours of operation (e.g., Monday – Friday, 8:00 a.m.- 6:00 p.m. EST, or 24-hours) or the type of
information available (e.g., medical, transportation) should be indicated. International dialing codes
should be included when applicable.
11.6 Precautionary statements
Precautionary statements (e.g., “Keep away from heat, sparks and flame”, “Avoid breathing dust” and “Do
not flush to sewer”) should supplement the statement of hazard by briefly providing measures to be taken
to avoid injury from physical, health or environmental hazards. Recommendations on specific
precautionary measures and instructions in case of contact or exposure are dependent on many factors.
Professional judgment should be used to determine the specific appropriate statements on a case-by-
case basis. (See Chapter 13, Tables A-J)
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
11.7 References to additional labeling/other documents
If additional hazard communication documents, such as an SDS, technical bulletin, etc., exists, a
reference to it may be printed on the label.
If all precautionary label text does not fit on the container label or if it compromises text legibility, a
statement referring to additional precautionary labeling must appear on the product label. This additional
precautionary labeling may be on the outer, secondary container (which holds the small containers), in
the SDS, a technical bulletin, etc. In those instances, the precautionary information with the highest
priority should appear on the inner container label. (See Section 10.4, Elements of a label). Foldout
container labels, which accommodate larger amounts of text on small containers, are another alternative
to standard container labels. The precautionary labeling used may not necessarily be identical from
one document type to another, but it must always be consistent.
12 Review of documents
Safety data sheets and precautionary labeling may be completed at different times and by different
authors. As mentioned previously, precautionary labeling may not necessarily be identical from one
document type to another (including the SDS) but it must always be consistent. Therefore, it is important
that all documents for a chemical be reviewed separately and together to ensure consistency.
SDSs should be reviewed as indicated in Section 8.4 (Evaluation of the SDS). Labels should be
reviewed with the understanding of Section 10.3 (Labeling communication principles) and the entirety of
Chapter 11 (Preparing precautionary labeling).
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Edits and changes in one document may or may not be reflected in other documents depending upon the
document type and the specific information. For example, a change in the signal word on the label
should trigger a corresponding change in the SDS if it is included in section 2 and/or section 16 of the
SDS. However, a change in a physical/chemical property (e.g., viscosity) in section 9 of the SDS would
probably not be placed on a container label but could be changed in a technical design document. A
change in a technical design document may not be reflected on an SDS or a label. Each document
serves a different purpose and is intended for particular audiences. SDS and label elements that may be
in common to both documents are identified in the flowchart at the beginning of the Standard.
84

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Provided by IHS under license with ANSI
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
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13 Tables of hazard criteria and precautionary label text
Tables A-J summarize the hazard criteria and recommended precautionary label text (signal word, statement of hazard and precautionary
measures) for immediate hazards. These tables are intended for use in conjunction with the text of the Standard. It is essential to refer to
the concepts and details presented in the previous chapters of the Standard when using these tables.
The information provided in the tables is organized, as follows, according to the type of hazard (e.g., physical) and in addition, for health hazards,
by the route of administration (e.g., skin):
Table A – Physical hazards (see Section 4.2)

Table B – Health hazards: Skin corrosion/irritation (see Sections 5.1.1.1 and 5.1.1.2)
Table C – Health hazards: Eye corrosion/Eye irritation (see Sections 5.1.1.1 and 5.1.1.2)
Table D – Health hazards: Respiratory irritation (see Sections 5.1.1.1 and 5.1.1.2)
Table E – Health hazards: Sensitization (see Section 5.1.2)
Table F – Health hazards: Inhalation toxicity (see Section 5.1.1.3)
Table G – Health hazards: Dermal toxicity (see Section 5.1.1.4)
Table H – Health hazards: Oral toxicity (see Section 5.1.1.5)
Tables I and J contain optional label statements that have been used by industry professionals in conjunction with or in lieu of those statements
listed in the tables above.
Not for Resale, 04/13/2012 13:29:03 MDT
Licensee=ESSO Standards Oil SA Ltd/5985526001, User=REFINERY, RASA
Table I, Part 1 – Examples of optional hazard warning statements

 Physical hazards
 Immediate health hazards
 Delayed health hazards
Part 2 – Environmental hazard warning statements
Table J – Additional optional precautionary measure statements
 Prevention
 First Aid
 Fire fighting
 Spill procedures
 Handling and storage
 Disposal
 Container handling/storage
 Miscellaneous
85
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
The tables are not intended to cover all possible precautionary labeling needs; however, the general approach illustrated should be followed in
developing additional label statements. Suitable label text should be selected or developed as appropriate based on the results of the hazard
determination. When a chemical presents multiple hazards, the precautionary label text may be combined. The intent of such combination is to
minimize repeated wording consistent with concise communication of hazard.
Precautionary label text recommendations for delayed health hazards (carcinogenicity, reproductive/developmental/teratogenic effects and target
organ effects) can be found in Section 5.4.1.3.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Note: These tables are intended for use in conjunction with the text of the Standard. It is essential to refer to the concepts and details
presented in the previous chapters of the Standard when using these tables.
Table A – Physical hazards
Hazard Criteria Description Signal word Statement of hazard 1 Precautionary measures
Flammable gas At atmospheric temperature and Flammable gas DANGER FLAMMABLE GAS, Keep away from heat, sparks and
(for pyrophoric gas pressure, lower flammability limit MAY CAUSE FLASH flame. Keep container tightly
is 13% or flammable range is FIRE (OR EXPLOSION)
see pyrophoric 12% closed. Use only with adequate
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below) OR ventilation
Above atmospheric pressure,
projects a flame >18 inches
beyond ignition source with valve
opened fully or flame flashes back
and burns with any degree of
valve opening.
Flammable liquid Flash point 20F Extremely DANGER EXTREMELY Keep away from heat, sparks and
OR flammable liquid FLAMMABLE LIQUID flame. Keep container tightly
Flash point 140F and boiling AND VAPOR - VAPOR
point 95F MAY CAUSE FLASH closed. Use only with adequate
FIRE (OR EXPLOSION) ventilation.
Flash point 140F and boiling
Flammable liquid WARNING FLAMMABLE LIQUID Keep away from heat, sparks and
point >95F (see NOTE) AND VAPOR flame. Keep container tightly
(MAY CAUSE
EXPLOSION) closed. Use only with adequate
ventilation.
Flash point>140F - <200F Combustible CAUTION COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID Keep away from heat and flame
liquid AND VAPOR
Static-accumulating Liquid conductivity <100 pS/m at Static- WARNING STATIC Eliminate sources of ignition.
flammable liquid 77°F (25°C ); accumulating ACCUMULATING Avoid spark promoters.
AND flammable liquid FLAMMABLE LIQUID
Flashpoint < 100°F (37.3°C) Ground/bond container and
CAN BECOME
equipment. These alone may be
ELECTROSTATICALLY
insufficient to remove static
CHARGED EVEN IN
electricity.
BONDED AND
GROUNDED
EQUIPMENT
SPARKS MAY IGNITE
LIQUID AND VAPOR
MAY CAUSE FLASH
FIRE (OR EXPLOSION)
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Flammable solid Readily ignitable solids burn Flammable solid WARNING FLAMMABLE SOLID Keep away from heat, sparks and
vigorously and persistently. flame. Keep container closed.
Combustible dust A solid material composed of Combustible dust WARNING COMBUSTIBLE DUST Keep away from heat, sparks and
distinct particles or pieces, MAY FORM flame. Keep container closed (and
COMBUSTIBLE
regardless of size, shape, or (EXPLOSIVE) DUST- grounded). Prevent dust
chemical composition, which AIR MIXTURES accumulation (to minimize
presents a fire or deflagration explosion hazard).
hazard when suspended in air or
some other oxidizing medium
over a range of concentrations.
Flammable aerosol Flame flashes back and burns Extremely DANGER EXTREMELY Keep away from heat, sparks and
(flammables in self- with any degree of valve opening flammable FLAMMABLE flame. Pressurized container: Do
OR aerosol AEROSOL not pierce or burn, even after use.
pressurized containers) Protect from sunlight. Do not
expose to temperatures
Above atmospheric pressure, Flammable WARNING FLAMMABLE exceeding 122F (50°C).
projects a flame >18 inches aerosol AEROSOL
beyond ignition source with valve
opened fully
Oxidizer Oxidizes readily and, on contact Oxidizer DANGER (STRONG) OXIDIZER. Keep from contact with clothing
with combustible material, may CONTACT WITH and other combustible materials.
cause fire. OTHER MATERIAL
MAY CAUSE FIRE Store in tightly closed container.
Organic Peroxide An organic peroxide is considered DANGER! ORGANIC PEROXIDE Temperature controlled! Cool and
thermally unstable if its SADT is Organic Peroxide maintain proper temperature for
less than 50ºC. for a 50 kg TEMPERATURE product . Prevent product
package (49 CFR 173.128). CONTROLLED contamination. Keep container
tightly closed and away from
HAZARDOUS heat, sparks and flame. Keep
DECOMPOSITION MAY away from combustible materials.
OCCUR
An organic peroxide is considered Organic Peroxide WARNING! ORGANIC PEROXIDE. Keep away from heat, sparks and
thermally stable if its SADT is flame. Prevent product
equal to or greater than 50ºC. for HAZARDOUS contamination. Keep container
a 50 kg package (49 CFR DECOMPOSITION MAY tightly closed and away from
173.128). OCCUR combustible materials.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Pyrophoric Ignites spontaneously in air Pyrophoric solid DANGER EXTREMELY Keep away from heat, sparks and
130F or liquid or gas FLAMMABLE, flame. Keep container tightly
CATCHES FIRE IF
EXPOSED TO AIR closed.
Water reactive A substance that reacts with Water reactive DANGER WATER REACTIVE Keep away from water or moist
water to release a gas that is SUBSTANCE. REACTS air. (Keep away from heat, sparks
either flammable, and/or presents (VIGOROUSLY) WITH
a health hazard. and flame). Keep container tightly
WATER TO RELEASE closed. Use only with adequate
FLAMMABLE (TOXIC)
GAS. MAY CAUSE ventilation.
FIRE. MAY BE FATAL
(HARMFUL) IF
INHALED.
Compressed gas A gas or mixture of gases having, Compressed gas CAUTION HIGH PRESSURE GAS Use only with adequate
in a container, a pressure of >40 ventilation. Use equipment rated
psia (>25 psig) at 70F (21.1C).
for cylinder pressure. Use a
backflow preventative device in
piping. Close valve after each use

and when empty.
Cryogenic liquid A refrigerated liquefied gas Cryogenic liquid WARNING EXTREMELY COLD Store and use with adequate
having a boiling point colder than LIQUID AND GAS ventilation. Wear cold-insulating
-130F (-90C) at atmospheric UNDER PRESSURE
pressure. gloves/face shield/eye protection.
Use a backflow preventative
CAUSES SEVERE device in piping. Close valve after
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FROSTBITE each use and when empty. Do

NOT change or force fit
connections.
Unstable reactive A chemical that will vigorously Unstable DANGER UNSTABLE. Keep away from heat, sparks and
polymerize, decompose, SENSITIVE TO HEAT flame. Protect container from
condense, or will become self- OR SHOCK. MAY
reactive under conditions of physical shock.
BECOME EXPLOSIVE.
shocks, pressure or temperature.
89
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Corrosive to metal A chemical with a corrosion rate Corrosive to WARNING MAY BE CORROSIVE Keep away from metals. Store in
on either steel or aluminum metal TO METALS original container or corrosive
surfaces exceeding 6.25 mm per
year at a test temperature of resistant and/or lined container.
55°C.
1) Use alternative statements in parentheses as appropriate.
NOTE – For liquids having a flash point 100F and 141F, see the definition of Flammable liquid in Section 4.2.1.1.2
See table in Section 9.5.2.1 for selection of appropriate fire action statements.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Table B – Health hazards: Skin corrosion/irritation
Hazard Criteria 1 Description Signal Statement Precautionary measures 2 Instructions in case of contact or
word of hazard 2 exposure 3
Skin Reported human Corrosive to DANGER CAUSES Do NOT get on skin. FIRST AID: In case of contact, remove
corrosion experience and/or living tissue (SEVERE) SKIN Avoid breathing (dust, contaminated clothing and shoes.
appropriate test data. BURNS vapor, mist, gas). Keep Immediately flush skin with plenty of
container tightly closed. water for at least 15 (30 or 60) minutes.
Use only with adequate
ventilation. Wash Get medical attention immediately.
thoroughly after handling. (Call a physician or poison control
center immediately.)
Wash clothing before reuse.
Destroy contaminated shoes.

(Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse.)
Skin irritation Reported human Irritant, severe WARNING CAUSES SKIN Avoid contact with skin and FIRST AID: In case of contact,
experience and/or skin IRRITATION clothing. Wash thoroughly immediately flush skin with plenty of
appropriate test data. after handling. water. Remove contaminated clothing
and shoes.
Get medical attention.
(Get medical attention immediately.)
(Call a physician or poison control
center.)
(Thoroughly clean shoes before
reuse.)
91
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Hazard Criteria 1 Description Signal Statement Precautionary measures 2 Instructions in case of contact or
word of hazard 2 exposure 3
Skin irritation Reported human Irritant, CAUTION MAY CAUSE Avoid contact with skin and FIRST AID: In case of contact,
experience and/or moderate skin SKIN clothing. Wash thoroughly immediately flush skin with plenty of
appropriate test data. IRRITATION after handling. water. Remove contaminated clothing
and shoes.
Get medical attention if irritation
develops and persists. (Get medical
Irritant, CAUTION PROLONGED attention immediately if irritation
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defatting, skin OR REPEATED develops and persists.)

CONTACT MAY (Call a physician if irritation develops
DRY SKIN AND and persists.)
CAUSE Wash clothing before reuse.
IRRITATION Destroy contaminated shoes.
reuse.)
1) See also definitions in Sections 5.1.1.1 and 5.1.1.2
2) Select applicable word or words.
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Table C – Health hazards: Eye corrosion/irritation
Hazard Criteria1 Description Signal Statement Precautionary Instructions in case of contact or

word of hazard2 measures2 exposure 3
Eye corrosion Reported human Corrosive to DANGER CAUSES Do NOT get in eyes. FIRST AID: In case of contact,
experience and/or living tissue (SEVERE) EYE Avoid breathing (dust, immediately flush eye with plenty of
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appropriate test data. BURNS vapor, mist, gas.) Keep water for at least 15 (30 or 60)
container tightly closed. minutes. (If easy to do, remove contact
Use only with adequate lenses, if worn.)
ventilation. Wash Get medical attention immediately.
thoroughly after handling. (Call a physician or poison control
Eye irritation Reported human Irritant, severe WARNING CAUSES EYE Avoid contact with eyes. FIRST AID: In case of contact,
experience and/or eye IRRITATION Wash thoroughly after immediately flush eyes with plenty of
appropriate test data. handling. water for at least 15 minutes. (If easy
to do, remove contact lenses, if worn.)

(Call a physician.)
Irritant, CAUTION MAY CAUSE Avoid contact with eyes. FIRST AID: In case of contact,
moderate eye EYE Wash thoroughly after immediately flush eyes with plenty of
IRRITATION handling. water (for at least 15 minutes.) (If easy
to do, remove contact lenses, if worn.)
(Get medical attention immediately if
irritation persists.)
(Call a physician if irritation persists.)
1) See also definitions in Sections 5.1.1.1 and 5.1.1.2
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
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Table D – Health hazards: Respiratory irritation
Hazard Criteria1 Descriptor Signal Statement Precautionary measures2 Instructions in case of contact or
word of hazard exposure3
Respiratory Reported human Irritant, severe WARNING CAUSES Avoid breathing (dust, FIRST AID: If inhaled, remove to fresh
irritation experience and/or respiratory RESPIRATORY vapor, mist, gas.) Keep air. If not breathing, give artificial
appropriate test data. TRACT container tightly closed. respiration. If breathing is difficult,
IRRITATION (or Use only with adequate (trained personnel should) give oxygen.
specify nose, ventilation. Get medical attention.
upper respiratory (Get medical attention immediately.)
tract, etc. if (Call a physician.)
appropriate)
Irritant, CAUTION MAY CAUSE Avoid breathing (dust, FIRST AID: If inhaled, remove to fresh
moderate RESPIRATORY vapor, mist, gas.) Keep air. If not breathing, give artificial
respiratory TRACT container tightly closed. respiration. If breathing is difficult,
IRRITATION (or Use only with adequate (trained personnel should) give oxygen.
specify nose, ventilation. Get medical attention.

upper respiratory (Get medical attention immediately.)
tract, etc. if (Call a physician.)
appropriate)
1) See also definitions in 5.1.1.1 and 5.1.1.2
94
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Table E – Health hazards: Sensitization
Hazard Criteria1 Descriptor Signal Statement Precautionary measures2 Instructions in case of contact or
word of hazard exposure3
Skin Reported experience Sensitizer, skin WARNING MAY CAUSE Avoid prolonged or FIRST AID: If case of contact, remove
sensitizer and/or appropriate ALLERGIC SKIN repeated contact with skin. contaminated clothing and shoes.
test data. REACTION. Wash thoroughly after Immediately flush skin with soap and
handling plenty of water.
Get medical attention if symptoms
occur.
(Get medical attention immediately if
symptoms occur.)
(Call a physician if symptoms occur.)

(Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse.)

Respiratory Reported experience Sensitizer, DANGER MAY CAUSE Do NOT breathe (dust, FIRST AID: If inhaled, remove to fresh
sensitizer and/or appropriate respiratory ALLERGIC vapor, mist, gas.) Keep air. If not breathing, give artificial
test data. RESPIRATORY container closed. Use only respiration. If breathing is difficult,
REACTION with adequate ventilation. (trained personnel should) give oxygen.
(Call a physician.)
1) See also definitions in 5.1.2.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Table F – Health hazards: Inhalation toxicity

word of hazard2 measures2 exposure3
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Inhalation ≤ 200 ppm (gas/vapor) Highly toxic DANGER MAY BE FATAL Do NOT breathe (dust,
toxicity OR IF vapor, mist, gas.) Keep
≤ 2 mg/L (mist, fume or INHALED container closed. Use POISON
dust) only with adequate Get medical attention.
1 hour inhalation LC50 ventilation. (Get medical attention immediately.)
(rat) (Call 911, if available.)
(Call a physician.)
(Contact a poison control center.)
FIRST AID: If inhaled, remove to fresh
air. If not breathing, give artificial
respiration. If breathing is difficult,
(trained personnel should) give
oxygen.
>200 ≤2,000 ppm Toxic WARNING HARMFUL IF Avoid breathing (dust, FIRST AID: If inhaled, remove to fresh
(gas/vapor) or INHALED vapor, mist, gas.) Keep air. If not breathing, give artificial
>2 ≤20 mg/L (mist, container closed. Use respiration. If breathing is difficult,
fume or dust) only with adequate (trained personnel should) give
1 hour inhalation LC50 ventilation. oxygen.
(rat) Get medical attention.
(Call a physician.)
(Contact a poison control center.)
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

word of hazard2 measures2 exposure3
Simple Physiological inert Potential CAUTION (VAPOR)(GAS) Keep container closed. FIRST AID: If inhaled, remove to fresh
asphyxiants vapor or gas suffocation REDUCES Use only with adequate air. If not breathing, give artificial
OXYGEN ventilation. Do NOT enter respiration. If breathing is difficult,
AVAILABLE (storage areas, confined (trained personnel should) give
FOR spaces) unless oxygen.
BREATHING adequately ventilated. Get medical attention
(Call a physician.)
1) See also definitions in 5.1.1.3
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Table G – Health Hazards: Dermal Toxicity

word of hazard measures exposure2
Dermal ≤ 200 mg/kg dermal Highly toxic DANGER MAY BE Do NOT get in eyes, on
Toxicity LD50 (rabbit) FATAL IF skin or on clothing. Wash
ABSORBED thoroughly after handling. POISON
THROUGH Call a physician immediately.
SKIN (Call a physician or poison control
(Call 911, if available.)
FIRST AID: In case of contact,
immediately flush eyes or skin with
plenty of water for at least 15 minutes
while removing contaminated clothing
and shoes. Wash clothing before
reuse.
reuse.)
98
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

word of hazard measures exposure2
Dermal > 200 ≤ 1,000 mg/kg Toxic WARNING HARMFUL IF Avoid contact with eyes, FIRST AID: In case of contact,
Toxicity dermal LD50 (rabbit) ABSORBED skin and clothing. Wash immediately flush eyes or skin with
THROUGH thoroughly after handling. plenty of water for at least 15 minutes
SKIN while removing contaminated clothing
and shoes. Wash clothing before
reuse.
(Call a physician.)
center.)
reuse.)
> 1,000 ≤ 2,000 Harmful CAUTION MAY BE Avoid prolonged contact FIRST AID: In case of contact,
mg/kg dermal LD50 HARMFUL IF with eyes, skin and immediately flush eyes or skin with
(rabbit) ABSORBED clothing. Wash plenty of water (for at least 15

THROUGH thoroughly after handling. minutes) while removing
SKIN contaminated clothing and shoes.
(Get medical attention if symptoms
occur.)
(Call a physician (if symptoms
occur.))
center if symptoms occur.)
reuse.)
1) See also definitions in 5.1.1.4
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99
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Table H – Health hazards: Oral toxicity

word of hazard measures2 exposure2, 3
Ingestion ≤50 mg/kg oral LD50 Highly toxic DANGER MAY BE Do NOT take internally.
(rat) FATAL IF (Do NOT taste or
SWALLOWED swallow.) POISON
Get medical attention immediately,
Wash thoroughly after (call 911, if available.)
handling. (Call a physician immediately.)
FIRST AID: If swallowed, contact a
poison control center or physician
immediately. Do NOT induce
vomiting unless directed to do so by
medical personnel. Never give
anything by mouth to an
unconscious person.
(FIRST AID: If swallowed, contact a

immediately. Induce vomiting
immediately, as directed by medical
personnel. Never give anything by
mouth to an unconscious person.)
(Rinse mouth thoroughly with water)
100
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

Ingestion >50 ≤500 mg/kg oral Toxic WARNING HARMFUL IF Do NOT take internally. FIRST AID: If swallowed, contact a
LD50 (rat) SWALLOWED (Do NOT taste or poison control center or physician
swallow.) immediately. Do NOT induce
Wash thoroughly after medical personnel. Never give
handling. anything by mouth to an
unconscious person.
(FIRST AID: If swallowed, contact a
immediately, as directed by medical
personnel. Never give anything by
(Call a physician.)
>500 ≤2,000 mg/kg

Harmful CAUTION MAY BE Do NOT take internally. FIRST AID: If swallowed, call a
oral LD50 (rat) HARMFUL IF (Do NOT taste or poison control center or physician
SWALLOWED swallow.) immediately. Do NOT induce
Wash thoroughly after a physician. Never give anything by
handling. mouth to an unconscious person.
(FIRST AID: If swallowed, call a
immediately, as directed by a
physician. Never give anything by
(Call a physician.)
101
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Aspiration Low viscosity Potential for DANGER FATAL IF FIRST AID: If swallowed, do NOT
petroleum and other aspiration if SWALLOWED. induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs
hydrocarbons swallowed CAN ENTER have person lean forward. Call a
LUNGS AND poison control center or physician
CAUSE immediately. Never give anything by
DAMAGE mouth to an unconscious person.
WARNING HARMFUL IF
SWALLOWED.
CAN ENTER
LUNGS AND
CAUSE
DAMAGE
Digestive Reported human Corrosive to DANGER CAUSES Do NOT taste or FIRST AID: If swallowed, do NOT
tract experience and/or living tissue (SEVERE) swallow. induce vomiting. Call a poison
corrosion appropriate test data. DIGESTIVE (Do NOT take internally.) control center or physician
TRACT Wash thoroughly after immediately. (Rinse mouth
BURNS handling. thoroughly with water)
Get medical attention immediately.

(Rinse mouth thoroughly with
water.) Never give anything by
mouth to an unconscious person.
1) See also definitions in 5.1.1.5.
3) See Chapter 9, Section 9.4.2.3 for further information regarding the induction of vomiting.
102
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
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Table I, Additional hazard warning statements – Part 1: Examples of optional hazard warning statements
Table I contains optional label statements that have been used by industry professionals in conjunction with or in lieu of those statements listed in
the tables above and identifies additional label statements for container handling and storage. Terms in parenthesis are other possibilities..
Category Subcategory Hazard Statements
 VAPORS MAY TRAVEL TO AREAS (ROOMS) AWAY FROM WORK SITE BEFORE
IGNITING/FLASHING BACK TO VAPOR SOURCE
 VAPORS MAY SPREAD LONG DISTANCES AND IGNITE
 VAPORS TRAVEL DOWNWIND AND DOWNHILL.
 CONTACT WITH WATER MAY CAUSE FLASH FIRE
 MAY IGNITE IF ALLOWED TO BECOME DAMP
 HEAT, SHOCK OR CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIAL MAY CAUSE FIRE OR EXPLOSIVE
DECOMPOSITION
 MAY FORM FLAMMABLE DUST-AIR MIXTURE
 BURNS WITH INVISIBLE FLAME
 SPILL MAY CAUSE FIRE OR LIBERATE DANGEROUS GAS
 CONTENTS ARE PACKED UNDER WATER AND WILL IGNITE IF WATER IS REMOVED
Physical hazards Fire hazards  SPILLS ON CLOTHING OR COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS WILL CAUSE FIRE
 CLOTHING AND VEGETATION CONTAMINATED WITH CHLORATE OR ITS SOLUTIONS ARE
DANGEROUSLY FLAMMABLE
 CONTENTS OF PACKAGE ARE UNDER KEROSENE AND WILL IGNITE IF EXPOSED TO AIR OR
WATER
 POTENTIAL FOR SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION
 NOT FLAMMABLE, BUT REACTS WITH MOST METALS TO FORM FLAMMABLE HYDROGEN GAS
 WILL BURN IN A FIRE
 HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION MAY TAKE PLACE DURING A FIRE
 CONTACT WITH COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS MAY CAUSE FIRE
 CONTAINERS CAN RUPTURE AND RELEASE HIGHLY TOXIC VAPORS OR DECOMPOSITION
PRODUCTS IF EXPOSED TO HEAT
 CONTAINER MAY RUPTURE ON HEATING
103
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

 HEAT, SHOCK OR CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIAL MAY CAUSE FIRE OR
EXPLOSIVE DECOMPOSITION
 VAPORS MAY IGNITE AND EXPLODE
 FORMS SHOCK-SENSITIVE MIXTURES WITH CERTAIN OTHER MATERIALS
 MAY EXPLODE IF WATER CONTENT IS 10 PERCENT OR BELOW
 MAY FORM EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES IN AIR
 MAY FORM EXPLOSIVE DUST-AIR MIXTURE
Physical hazards  POTENTIAL DUST EXPLOSION HAZARD
Explosion hazards
(cont’d)  EXPLOSIVE REACTION MAY OCCUR ON HEATING OR BURNING
 MAY FORM EXPLOSIVE PEROXIDES
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 AN UNCONTROLLED POLYMERIZATION MAY PRODUCE A RAPID RELEASE OF

ENERGY WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR AN EXPLOSION OF UNVENTED CLOSED
CONTAINERS
 RISK OF EXPLOSION IF HEATED UNDER CONFINEMENT
 CONTAINER MAY RUPTURE ON HEATING; CONTENTS (AND CONTAINER

FRAGMENTS) MAY BE THROWN LONG DISTANCES
104
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
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 REACTS VIOLENTLY WITH WATER, LIBERATING (RELEASING) HYDROGEN, WHICH MAY
IGNITE
 CONTAMINATION MAY RESULT IN DANGEROUS PRESSURE INCREASES - CLOSED
CONTAINERS MAY RUPTURE
 UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) UPON DEPLETION OF INHIBITOR
 HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION MAY OCCUR UPON DEPLETION OF INHIBITOR
 MAY CAUSE HEAT AND PRESSURE BUILD-UP IN CLOSED CONTAINERS
 AN UNCONTROLLED POLYMERIZATION MAY PRODUCE A RAPID RELEASE OF ENERGY WITH
THE POTENTIAL FOR AN EXPLOSION OF UNVENTED CLOSED CONTAINERS
 EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS LIQUID AND VAPOR UNDER PRESSURE
 CONTENTS UNDER PRESSURE
 MAY REACT VIOLENTLY WITH WATER
 CONTAINER MAY RUPTURE ON HEATING; CONTENTS (AND CONTAINER FRAGMENTS) MAY
BE THROWN LONG DISTANCES.
Physical hazards Reactivity/Pressure  PROLONGED EXPOSURE OF THE NEAT PRODUCT TO TEMPERATURES ABOVE 200°F (93°C)
(cont’d) hazards WILL RESULT IN AN EXOTHERMIC, AUTOCATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION AND PRESSURE
BUILD-UP IN SEALED CONTAINERS

 DANGEROUS, AUTOACCELERATED, EXOTHERMIC DECOMPOSITION MAY OCCUR AT
TEMPERATURES OF ____°F (___°C)
 IF MATERIAL IS HEATED ABOVE ____ °F (____°C) HIGHLY EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS MAY
RESULT
 CONTACT WITH WATER OR MOIST AIR LIBERATES IRRITATING GAS
 CONTACT WITH ACID LIBERATES (RELEASES) POISONOUS GAS
 CONTACT WITH METALS LIBERATES POISONOUS GAS
 LIBERATES GAS WHICH MAY CAUSE SUFFOCATION
 LIBERATES POISONOUS GAS
 CONTACT WITH METALS LIBERATES HYDROGEN GAS
 CONTACT WITH WATER OR ACID SLOWLY LIBERATES POISONOUS AND FLAMMABLE
HYDROGEN SULFIDE GAS
105
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

 INHALATION MAY BE FATAL OR CAUSE DELAYED LUNG INJURY
 HARMFUL IF INHALED AND MAY CAUSE DELAYED LUNG INJURY
 MAY CAUSE DELAYED LUNG INJURY AND BURNS
 VAPOR (EXTREMELY) IRRITATING
 (EXTREMELY) IRRITATING GAS AND LIQUID UNDER PRESSURE
 (EXTREMELY) IRRITATING GAS
Immediate  MAY CAUSE NOSE, THROAT AND LUNG IRRITATION
Inhalation
health hazard  INHALATION MAY CAUSE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM EFFECTS
 CAUSES HEADACHE, DROWSINESS OR OTHER EFFECTS TO THE CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM.
 MATERIAL IS RAPIDLY ABSORBED THROUGH THE LUNGS
 MAY CAUSE IRREGULAR HEARTBEATS, ESPECIALLY UNDER CONDITIONS OF
STRESS
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106
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
 CORROSIVE – CAUSES IRREVERSIBLE EYE (AND SKIN) DAMAGE

 RAPIDLY ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN
 CAUSES SEVERE BURNS WHICH MAY NOT BE IMMEDIATELY PAINFUL OR VISIBLE
 MAY CAUSE RASH OR EXTERNAL ULCERS
 MAY CAUSE BURNS OR EXTERNAL ULCERS
 MAY CAUSE THERMAL BURNS
 MAY CAUSE (SEVERE) FROSTBITE
 CONTACT WITH HOT PRODUCT WILL CAUSE THERMAL BURNS
 LIQUID OR VAPOR CAUSES BURNS WHICH MAY BE DELAYED
Skin or Eye Contact  CAUSES SEVERE BURNS - EFFECTS ON EYES MAY BE DELAYED
Immediate  MAY CAUSE BLINDNESS
health hazard  MAY CAUSE PERMANENT EYE INJURY
(cont’d)  MAY CAUSE EYE INJURY - EFFECTS MAY BE DELAYED
 CAUSES FROSTBITE OR CRYOGENIC BURNS
 PROLONGED SKIN CONTACT MAY CAUSE IRRITATION

 PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT WITH LIQUID MAY CAUSE DEFATTING
RESULTING IN DRYING, REDNESS AND POSSIBLE BLISTERING
 MAY CAUSE SKIN SENSITIZATION
 MAY BE FATAL OR CAUSE BLINDNESS IF SWALLOWED

 CANNOT BE MADE NON-POISONOUS
Ingestion
 ASPIRATION HAZARD IF SWALLOWED – CAN ENTER LUNGS AND CAUSE DAMAGE
107
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
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 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD
 REPEATED INHALATION OR SKIN CONTACT MAY, WITHOUT SYMPTOMS, INCREASE
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO (add specific effects)
 REPEATED ABSORPTION MAY RESULT IN BLADDER TUMORS
 SUSPECT REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD - CONTAINS MATERIAL WHICH MAY
TERMINATE PREGNANCY (CAUSE MISCARRIAGE) (BASED ON ANIMAL DATA)
 SUSPECT REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD - CONTAINS MATERIAL WHICH MAY INJURE
UNBORN CHILD (CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS) (BASED ON ANIMAL DATA)
Delayed health hazard
 THIS PRODUCT (CONTAINS A MATERIAL THAT) MAY CAUSE ADVERSE
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS (SEE SDS FOR DETAILS)
 MAY CAUSE DAMAGE TO LIVER AND KIDNEYS (INDICATE ROUTE OF EXPOSURE)
 CAUSES LIVER AND KIDNEY DAMAGE IF SWALLOWED
 PROLONGED OR REPEATED USE (INDICATE ROUTE OF EXPOSURE) CAUSES LIVER
AND KIDNEY DAMAGE
 MAY CAUSE CANCER BASED ON ANIMAL STUDIES
108
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Table I, Additional hazard warning statements – Part 2: Optional environmental hazard warning statements
This table contains optional environmental statements that have been used by industry professionals in conjunction with those statements listed in
the tables above. They may have specific meaning by some governments or organizations (not necessarily the US). Terms in parenthesis are
other possibilities.
Category Subcategory Statements

 VERY TOXIC TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS
 TOXIC TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS
 HARMFUL TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS
 MAY CAUSE LONG-TERM ADVERSE EFFECTS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
 TOXIC TO PLANTS (FLORA)
 TOXIC TO ANIMALS (FAUNA)
 TOXIC TO SOIL ORGANISMS
 TOXIC TO BEES
 MAY CAUSE LONG-TERM ADVERSE EFFECTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
 DANGEROUS FOR THE OZONE LAYER

 VERY TOXIC TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS; MAY CAUSE LONG-TERM ADVERSE
EFFECTS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
 TOXIC TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS; MAY CAUSE LONG-TERM ADVERSE EFFECTS IN
Environmental hazards
THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
 HARMFUL TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS; MAY CAUSE LONG-TERM ADVERSE EFFECTS
IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
 DANGEROUS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
 MATERIAL IS HIGHLY TOXIC TO FISH
 EFFECTS THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
 NOT CONSIDERED TO BE HARMFUL TO AQUATIC LIFE
 THE MATERIAL HAS BEEN TESTED IN ALGAE AND FOUND TO CAUSE NO
SIGNIFICANT TOXIC EFFECTS
 HARMFUL TO INVERTEBRATES AND ALGAE
109
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Statements
MATERIAL DOES NOT BIOACCUMULATE

NO ADVERSE TERRESTRIAL TOXICITY
NOT READILY BIODEGRADABLE
READILY BIODEGRADABLE
HIGHLY TOXIC TO ALGAE





Subcategory
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Category
110
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Table J – Additional optional precautionary measures statements
This table contains optional precautionary measures statements that have been used by industry professionals in conjunction with or in lieu of
those statements listed in the tables above and identifies additional label statements. Terms in parenthesis are other possibilities.

 Avoid exposure to vapor.
 Follow general hygiene considerations recognized as common good workplace
practices.
 No special precautions are needed in handling this material.
 Avoid creating dust.
Prevention General  Avoid dust accumulation in enclosed space.
 Minimize dust generation and accumulation.
 Wash hands before eating, drinking or smoking.
 Keep container closed when not in use.
 Keep from any possible contact with water.

 Keep away from heat and flame.
 Avoid breathing dust or spray mist.
 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.
 Avoid prolonged or repeated breathing of vapor.
 Avoid breathing dust or vapor.
 Use only with adequate ventilation and in closed systems.
 Use ventilation adequate to exhaust vapors (fumes, dust, etc.) See SDS.
Prevention
Inhalation  Use exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below exposure limits.
 This gas deadens the sense of smell. Do NOT depend on odor to detect presence of
gas.
 Gas (vapor) has little odor (is odorless.) Do not depend on odor to detect the presence
of gas (vapor).
 Use adequate ventilation and/or engineering controls in high temperature processing to
111
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

prevent exposure to vapors.
 Use with local exhaust ventilation.
 Do not inhale fumes.
 Prevent vapor buildup by providing adequate ventilation during and after use.
 Heat resistant gloves are recommended when handling molten materials.
 Wear chemical splash goggles and face shield (when eye and face contact is possible
due to splashing or spraying of material).
 Wear chemical resistant clothing (such as gloves, apron, boots or whole bodysuits made
from neoprene, as appropriate).

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Use only with adequate ventilation/personal protection.

Personal protective  Always wear NIOSH-approved, positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator when handling
equipment (PPE) this material.
 Use NIOSH approved respiratory protection.
 Have available emergency self-contained breathing apparatus or full-face airline
respirator when using this chemical.

 Always wear a self-contained breathing apparatus or full-face airline respirator when
using this chemical.
112
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
 If breathing has stopped, give artificial respiration. Get medical attention immediately.
 If breathing is labored, administer oxygen. Get medical attention immediately.
Inhalation
 Remove person to fresh air. If signs/symptoms continue, get medical attention.
 Remove to fresh air immediately. Get medical attention immediately.
 Flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention if eye irritation
develops or persists.
 Immediately flush eyes for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention.
Eyes
 Hold eyelids apart and flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical
attention.
 Remove contact lenses, if worn.
 Immediately wash with mild soap (tincture of green soap) in flowing water for 15 minutes.
First aid/Response
 Flush skin with large amounts of water. If irritation develops and persists, get medical
attention.
 Rinse skin with water/shower.

 Immediately flush skin with large amounts of water.
Skin  Remove contaminated clothing. If irritation (redness, rash, blistering) develops, get medical
attention.
 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
 Treat any burns as thermal burns, after decontamination.
 Destroy contaminated shoes in proper manner.
 Remove clothing and wash thoroughly with water.
 Do NOT induce vomiting.
 If swallowed and the victim is conscious and alert, induce vomiting immediately, ONLY if
Ingestion
directed by medical personnel.
113
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
First aid/Response  Exposures require specialized first aid and medical follow-up.
 This product is not an inhibitor of cholinesterase. Treatment with atropine and oximes is not
Miscellaneous
indicated.
 Call a physician or poison control center (immediately).
 Keep away from contact with clothing and other combustible materials to avoid fire.
 Drying of this product on clothing or combustible materials may cause fire.
 Avoid friction or rough handling because of fire hazard.
 Keep wet in storage - dry powder may ignite by friction, static electricity or heat.
 Prevent contamination with readily oxidizable materials and polymerization accelerators.
 Do not add water to contents while in a container because of violent reaction and possible flash fire.
 Clothing and vegetation contaminated with chlorate or its solutions are DANGEROUSLY
FLAMMABLE.
 Keep away from fire.
 Use CO2, dry chemical or foam. Water can be used to cool and protect exposed material.
 Allow gas to burn if flow cannot be shut off.

Fire fighting/Response  Eliminate sources of ignition.
 Keep away from contact with oxidizing materials.
 Limit use of water spray to cool fire-exposed containers and to protect personnel.
 CO2 will displace air in confined spaces and may cause an oxygen deficient atmosphere.
 Water may not be effective to extinguish fire.
 Stop flow of gas before attempting to extinguish fire.
 Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish unless leak can be stopped safely.
 Evacuate area and fight fire from a safe distance.
 Keep upwind (and uphill) of fire.
 Cool container with water spray.
 Spattering of flammable liquid may result from spraying water.
 Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.
114
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
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 Cover with absorbent or contain. Collect and dispose.

 Avoid runoff to waterways and sewers.
 Keep out of drains, sewers, ditches and waterways.
 Do not flush to sewer.
 Do not apply water unless directed to do so by a hazardous materials expert.
 Do not place spilled materials back into the original container.
 Clean up spill immediately.
 Allow product to cool and pick up as a solid.
 Sweep up and remove immediately.
 Use non-sparking equipment when cleaning up flammable spill.
 Avoid release to the environment.
 Do not discharge into drains.
 Use appropriate container to avoid environmental contamination.
 Use personal protection recommended in the SDS.
 Isolate the hazard area and deny entry to unnecessary and unprotected personnel.
Spill
 This material is a water pollutant.

procedures/Response
 Minimize use of water during clean-up.
 Contain spilled liquid with sand or earth. DO NOT use combustible materials, such as sawdust.
 Eliminate all ignition sources.
 Use explosion-proof equipment for dust cleanup.
 Dust can be a fire or explosion hazard.
 Vacuum or sweep material and place in a disposal container.
 US regulations require reporting spills of this material that could reach any surface waters. The toll-
free phone number for the US Coast Guard National Response Center is 1-800-424-8802.
 Recover or recycle spilled material, if possible.
 Extremely slippery when spilled.
115
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
 Do not store near combustible materials.

 Keep away from heat, sparks, flame and other sources of ignition (i.e., pilot lights, electric
motors and static electricity).
 Keep away from acids and heat.
 Keep away from acids.
 Store in dry place.
 Do not heat cylinders.
 Keep from freezing.
 To avoid sudden release of pressure, loosen closure cautiously before opening.
 Keep under nitrogen blanket.
 Use only clean, dry utensils in handling.
 Heat resistant gloves are recommended when handling molten materials.

Minimize dust generation and accumulation.

Handling and storage
 Keep from any possible contact with water.
 Do not store near (specify material or condition).
 Store in original vented container.
 Keep container closed to prevent drying out.
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 If frozen, do not use steam to liquefy.

 Solidifies at about ______°F (______°C) and may break container.
 Store in moderately warm place.
 Shut off all gas pilot lights and electrical (spark or hot wire) igniters and other sources of
ignition.
 Keep away from heat, sparks, flame and other sources of ignition (i.e., pilot lights, electric
motors and static electricity.)
 Shut off main gas valve.
 Use explosion-proof electrical (ventilation and lighting) equipment.
 Do not smoke or use matches or lighters during use and until vapors (odors) are gone.
116
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
 Static charges can accumulate during shipping, unloading, pouring or conveying.

 To avoid fire or explosion, ground and bond container and receiving equipment (and ground
personnel) before transferring material.
 To dissipate static electricity during transfer, ground drum and connect to receiving
container with bonding strap.
 Packaging film can build static electrical charges. Do not handle (remove or empty)
packaging film (wrap or liner) in presence of flammable (ignitable) vapors.
 Prevent contamination by any source including metals, dust and organic materials. Such
contamination can cause rapid decomposition, generation of high pressures or formation of
explosive mixtures.
Handling and storage  Do not add to hot materials; do not grind or subject to heat or shock - explosive
(cont’d) decomposition may result.
 Do not allow evaporation to near dryness. Addition of water or appropriate reducing agents
will lessen peroxide formation.
 Keep containers sealed until ready for use.

 Possibility of explosion exists under dusty conditions.
 Avoid dusting when handling and avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame).
 NOTE - Suck-back into cylinder may cause explosion. Under no circumstances should the
cylinder entry tube be inserted in a liquid or gas without a vacuum break or other protective
apparatus in the line to prevent suck-back. Fire or high temperatures may cause explosive
decomposition if confined.
 Do NOT enter places where used or stored until adequately ventilated.
 Keep under an inert atmosphere.
 Keep under a dry atmosphere.
 Prevent polymerization with an inhibitor.
117
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
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 Dispose of material as a hazardous waste.

 Do not dispose of with household waste, trash or other solid waste.
 Improper disposal or reuse of this container may be dangerous and illegal. Refer to
applicable local, state and federal regulations as well as industry standards.
 Dispose of wastes in an approved waste disposal facility.
 Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage or disposal.
 Do not allow into any sewer, on the ground or into any body of water.
 Avoid release to the environment.
 Do not empty into drains.
 Use appropriate container to avoid environmental contamination.
 The (preferred) waste management option(s) is (are) to (select appropriate statement(s)
listed below):
 Reuse
 Recycle
Disposal/Disposition
 Reuse or recycle
 Send to a licensed recycler, reclaimer or incinerator
 Burn
 Burn in a municipal incinerator
 Dispose of in approved landfill
 Disposal should be in accordance with applicable regional, national and local laws and
regulations.
 Classification based on characteristic(s) or listing(s) may not apply if the material has been
used or contaminated.
 Incinerate at an approved (municipal) facility.
 Solidify with stabilizing agents (such as fly ash or cement) to absorb free liquid before
disposal.
 Physical/chemical properties may affect disposal options.
 State or local regulations may differ from federal hazardous waste regulations.
118
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
 Remove closure (cap) carefully to relieve possible internal pressure.

 Keep closure (bung, cap or plug) up to prevent leakage.
 Replace plug (bung or cap) after each withdrawal and return plug with empty drum.
 Electrically bond and ground all containers and equipment before transfer or use of material.
Metal drums
 Use adequate ventilation when opening the container due to potential headspace
contaminants.
 Open container with care, using adequate ventilation and avoiding ignition sources.
 Container may rupture (by polymerization) under fire conditions.
 Before moving carboy, be sure closure is securely fastened.

 Avoid rough handling or dropping.
 Loosen closure carefully.
Storage and Handling Glass carboys
 Do not refrigerate. This product crystallizes and may expand, breaking glass container.
 Keep closure (cap) up to prevent leakage.

Plastic container  Remove closure (cap) carefully to relieve possible internal pressure.
with/without  Composite container has weep holes to drain moisture from space between liner and shell.
overpacks  Continuous "weeping" may indicate leakage of plastic inner container (liner).
 Protect from direct contact with water or excessive moisture.

 Avoid creasing or impacting of sidewalls.
Fiber drums
 Plastic bag or liner may cause static ignition hazard.
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119
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
 Protect from direct contact with water or excessive moisture.

 Never store directly on ground.
 In case of puncture, use overslip bag and securely close.
Sacks/Bags
 Under dusty conditions avoid all sources of ignition, including sparks and static electricity.
 Plastic container may cause static ignition hazard.
Storage & Handling  Ground container while being filled or emptied.

(cont’d)
 Relieve internal pressure when received.
 Electrically bond and ground all containers and equipment before transfer or use of material.
 High vapor pressure requires pressure rated storage tanks and piping.
 Plastic bag or liner may cause static ignition hazard.
Bulk containers  Maintain proper grounding at all times.
 Do not discharge at pressures above ______psi.
 Before opening container, connect to dry, oxygen-free inert system.

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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
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 Keep drum out of sun.

Storage/Handling  Keep away from heat.
(cont’d)  Do not drop onto or slide across, sharp objects.
 Never use pressure to empty; drum is not a pressure vessel.
 Do not reuse container.
 Keep container upright.
 Do not use container for food, feed or drinking water.
General  Loosen closure carefully.
 Do not use container as dilution or mixing vessel.
 Do not handle or empty container in presence of ignitable vapors.
 Static ignition hazard can result from handling and use.
 Do not remove label until container is thoroughly cleaned.

Electrically bond and ground all containers and equipment before transfer or use of material.
 Improper disposal or reuse of this container may be dangerous and illegal.

 Refer to applicable federal, state and local regulations.
 Since empty containers retain product residue, follow label warnings even after container is
emptied.
Empty container  Residual vapors might explode on ignition.

warnings  Do not cut, drill, grind or weld on or near this container.
 Do not pressurize drums.
 Obey all label warnings, especially during container cleaning.
 Refer to all federal, state and local regulations prior to disposition of container and unused
contents by reuse, recycle or disposal.
 Empty containers must be tripled rinsed prior to disposal.
121
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
 Keep out of reach of children.

 Avoid exposure during pregnancy.
 Before using, read Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this chemical.
 For additional information, see Safety Data Sheet.
 See SDS for detailed disposal information.
 Refer to the manufacturer’s special instructions.
 For Research and Development purposes only. Must only be handled by technically
Miscellaneous General statements qualified individuals.
 This is a chemical sample. Its chemical, physical and toxicological properties have not been
fully investigated. Its handling or use may be hazardous. Exercise due care.
 Cancer Information. Has caused cancer in laboratory animals. The relevance of this result
to humans is not known.
 The toxicological properties of this material have not been fully investigated.
 Keep persons and animals off treated areas.
122
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Combined Document as of July 2008
14 Resources
This Standard is intended for use in conjunction with the following publications. Please contact the
sponsor for information regarding which of the references are normative and which informative.
14.1 American National Standards
When the American National Standards Institute approves a revised version of referenced standard(s)
below, the latest version shall apply.
ANSI Z400.1-2004, Hazardous Industrial Chemicals – Material Safety Data Sheets Preparation.
ANSI Z129.1-2006. Hazardous Industrial Chemicals – Precautionary Labeling.
ANSI Z535.1-2006, Safety Color Code.
ANSI Z535.2-2007, Standard for Environmental and Facility Signs.
ANSI Z535.3-2007, Standard for Criteria for Safety Symbols.
ANSI Z535.4-2007, Standard for Product Safety Signs and Labels.
ANSI Z535.5-2007, Standard for Accident Prevention Tags (for Temporary Hazards)
14.2 Other standards

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ASTM E502-07e1, Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the
Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods (2007).
ASTM D56-05, Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester.
ASTM D93-08, Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester.
ASTM D3278-96(2004)e1, Standard Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed Cup
Apparatus.
NFPA 30-2008, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code.
National Fire Protection Association Standard 430, Code for the Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizing
Materials, 2004 edition.
National Fire Protection Association. Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials (contains complete
text of NFPA 49, 325M, 491M and 704). 13th Edition.
14.3 Regulatory standards
Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on
classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives
67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulations (EC) No 1907/2006
Corrigendum to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18
December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals
(REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing
Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council
Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EC and 2000/21/EC.
123
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
US CPSC, FHSA regulations, 16 CFR 1500 et seq. (2009).
US DOL, OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200 et seq. (2009).
US DOT Hazardous Materials regulations, 49 CFR 170-178.(2008).
US EPA, FIFRA regulations, 40 CFR 158 et seq.(2009).
US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) regulations, 40 CFR 798 et seq.(2009).
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) is implemented through coordinated

federal, provincial and territorial legislation. Supplier labeling and MSDS requirements are set out under
the Hazardous Products Act and associated Controlled Products Regulations.
14.4 References and other useful publications
Bureau of Explosives Flame Projection Apparatus (1987)
Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, 7th ed., ACGIH, Cincinnati,
OH (most current edition).
Draize, J.H. et al. Methods for the Study of Irritation and Toxicity of Substances Applied Topically to the
Skin and Mucus Membranes, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 82:377-390 (1944)
Draize, J.H., Appraisal of the Safety of Chemicals in Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics, Association of Food
and Drug Officials of the United States (1959)
International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations, 2009.
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) Code, 2008, London, England: International
Maritime Organization.
Klaassen, C.D., M.O. Amdur, and J. Doull, eds., Casarett and Doull's Toxicology, the Basic Science of
Poisons, 7th edition. McGraw Hill, New York, 2007.
Molinelli, R.P., M.J. Reale, and R.I. Freudenthal, Material Safety Data Sheets: The Writer’s Desk
Reference, Hill & Garnett Pub, 1992.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals,
Section 4: Health Effects. (1981-2008 depending on test type).
Plog, B. et al., Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene, 5th ed., National Safety Council, Itasca, IL, 2001.
Silk, J.C. and M.B. Kent, Hazard Communication Compliance Manual: A Guide to OSHA’s Hazard
Communication Standard, BNA Books, 1995.
Sowinski, E.J. et al. "Criteria for Identifying and Classifying Carcinogens, Mutagens and Teratogens."
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 7:1-20 (1987) Sponsored by European Council of Chemical
Manufactures Federations, CMA, Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association and Canadian
Chemical Producers Association.
Technical Instructions for Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (Doc 9284), 2009-2010 Edition,
ICAO
124
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (3rd Revised edition).
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev03/03files_e.html
Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological exposure Indices.
ACGIH, 2009.
United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Recommendations for the
Transport of Dangerous Goods. (15th revised edition 2007)
US DOL, OSHA, Inspection Procedures for the Hazard Communication Standard, Directive No. CPL 2-
2.38D (dated Feb. 1998, effective March 20, 1998)
US DOL, OSHA regulations, Hazard Determination Guidelines
Worker’s Compensation Board of British Columbia, WHMIS Core Material: A Resource Manual for the
Application and Implementation of WHMIS, 2007.
125
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
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126
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Annex A: Examples of SDSs and labels
Annex B: Background: The GHS
Annex C: Preparation resources document
Annex D: Glossary
127
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Annex A
(informative)
Examples of SDSs and labels
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
This annex illustrates just a few of the different SDS and label styles that can be used for workplace
chemical labeling. There are many effective ways to present precautionary SDS/label information. It is
not the intent of this annex to single out one way as better than others, nor do the examples illustrate
regulatory requirements or items that may be unique to a chemical. This Standard does not prescribe
specific label text format or the position of labels on containers.
The examples in this annex are not comprehensive. A workplace chemical SDS and/or label may
contain other information in addition to precautionary labeling, such as bar codes, net weight, HMIS or
NFPA ratings, and DOT information. The examples are intended only as illustrations of precautionary
label text.
The general label example contains complete precautionary text in the recommended sequence. In some
situations, it may not be appropriate or possible to include all precautionary information on the container
label. Individual discretion and professional judgment based on the particular hazards of the chemical is
necessary to determine the priority/inclusion of the precautionary text. For details concerning label
content, refer to Section 10.4 of the Standard.
General example
PRODUCT NAME OR IDENTIFICATION See Section 11.2

(Identity of hazardous component(s), where appropriate) See Section 11.3
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SIGNAL WORD See Section 11.4

STATEMENT OF IMMEDIATE HAZARD(S) See Section 11.5
DELAYED HAZARD(S) LABEL STATEMENT See Section 11.5
Precautionary measures See Section 11.7
Instruction in case of contact or exposure See Section 9.4.2.1

(First aid statements and antidotes where appropriate)
Fire instructions See Section 10.5.2.1
Spill or leak instructions See Section 10.6.6
Container handling and storage instructions See Section 9.7.1
References to additional labels or other documents See Section 11.8
Additional useful statements See Tables I and J
Name and address of company See Section 11.6

telephone number
129
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Example 1: Unobtanium Gas
Relevant information
Unobtanium Gas is a single chemical substance (100%).
Hazard Information:
Extremely flammable and highly toxic gas.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Print Date: November 22, 2008 Safety Data Sheet Page 1 of 6

Unobtainium Gas/PC: 5190/Version: 1.1
Section 1: IDENTIFICATION
ABC Company Company Phone Number: 1-800-098-7654

399 Main Street 24 Hour Emergency Phone Number: 1-888-555-2222 (US)
City name, State, USA 98765-4321 01-526-555-0515 (outside US)
www.ABCCompany.com
Product Name: Unobtainium Gas

Product Code: 5190
Issue Date: June 13, 2008

Supersedes Date: May 2, 2006
Section 2: HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
2.1 EMERGENCY OVERVIEW

Appearance/Odor: Colorless gas with garlic-like odor.
DANGER
HIGH PRESSURE GAS
MAY CAUSE FLASH FIRE OR EXPLOSION
MAY BE FATAL IF INHALED
CAUSES SEVERE BLOOD, LIVER, KIDNEY AND LUNG DAMAGE
SYMPTOMS MAY BE DELAYED
POISON
2.2 POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS
Relevant routes of exposure: Inhalation, eye contact, skin contact

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Inhalation: May be fatal if inhaled. Signs and symptoms may include coughing, gasping, choking and
difficulty breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.
Eye: Not expected to cause eye irritation.
Skin: Not expected to cause skin irritation.
Ingestion: This product is a gas. Ingestion is not a likely route of exposure.
Medical Conditions Aggravated by Exposure: Pre-existing respiratory disorders may be aggravated by

exposure.
Target Organs: Causes severe blood, liver, kidney and lung damage.
Environmental effects: Not harmful.
This material is considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR
1910.1200).
131
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

Section 3: COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Component CAS # % by Wt.

Unobtainium gas 123456-78-9 100
Section 4: FIRST-AID MEASURES
Inhalation: If inhaled or suspicion of any exposure: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing give artificial
respiration with supplemental oxygen. If breathing, give oxygen. Call a physician even if no symptoms
are present. Keep under medical observation. Symptoms may be delayed. Consider any exposure as a
potentially toxic dose.
Eye Contact: Any material that contacts the eye should be washed out immediately with water. Get
medical attention if symptoms occur.
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.
Ingestion: This product is a gas. Ingestion is not considered a potential route of exposure.
Section 5: FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, carbon dioxide (CO2), dry chemical, alcohol foam.
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: None.
Products of Combustion: Oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur, carbon dioxide. Containers can rupture
and release highly toxic vapors or decompositions products if exposed to heat.
Protection of Firefighters: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full fire-
fighting turnout gear.
Section 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personal Precautions: Leaking gas fire: Do not extinguish, unless leak can be stopped safely. Eliminate
all ignition sources if safe to do so. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Use personal protection
recommended in Section 8. Isolate the hazard area and deny entry to unnecessary and unprotected
personnel. Ventilate the area.
Environmental Precautions: Do not discharge into any place where its accumulation could be
dangerous.
Methods for Containment: If leak is from cylinder or cylinder valve, call your supplier’s emergency
telephone number. If the leak is in the user's system, close the cylinder valve, safely vent the pressure,
and purge with an inert gas before attempting repairs.
Methods for Clean-Up: Eliminate all ignition sources if safe to do so. Ventilate the area. Approach
suspected leak areas with caution.
Other Information: Large releases may require considerable downwind evacuation.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

Section 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling: Do not breathe gas. Avoid contact with eyes and prolonged or repeated contact with skin.
Use only with adequate ventilation. Wash thoroughly after handling. Keep away from heat, flames and
sparks. Use equipment rated for cylinder pressure. Close valve after each use and when empty. Use a
backflow preventative device in piping. When returning cylinder, install valve outlet cap or plug leak tight.
Storage: Protect from sunlight. Keep container tightly closed. Store in a well ventilated place.
Section 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
Exposure Limits
Unobtainium gas TWA 0.005 ppm (ABC Company recommended limit)
Engineering Controls: Handle only in fully enclosed systems and equipment.
Respiratory Protection: Always wear a NIOSH-approved, positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator

when handling this material.
Eye Protection: Wear safety glasses with side shields (or goggles).
Hand Protection: It is a good industrial hygiene practice to minimize skin contact. For operations where
prolonged or repeated skin contact may occur, impervious gloves should be worn.
General Hygiene Considerations: Wash thoroughly after handling and before eating or drinking. Do
not smoke.
Section 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Appearance: colorless gas
Odor: garlic-like
Odor threshold: not available
Physical state: Gas
pH: not applicable
Melting point: -115F (46C)
Initial boiling point and boiling range: -120F (-84C)
Flash point: -15C
Evaporation rate: not available
Flammability:
Upper flammability limit: 80 % (V)
Lower flammability limit: 5 % (V)
Vapor pressure: 638 psia (44 bar) at 20C
3 3
Vapor density:0.05 lb/ft (0.0008 g/cm ) at 70F (21C)
Relative density: 0.899 (air =1)
Water solubility: 1.185 g/l
Partition coefficient: not available
Autoignition temperature: 350C
Decomposition temperature: not available
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

Section 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Stability: Stable under normal conditions (70F (21C) and 14.7 psig (760 mmHg).
Conditions to Avoid: Cylinder contents are pressurized. Do not expose to sudden shock or sources of
heat. May form explosive mixtures with air.
Incompatible Materials: Can react explosively when combined with air.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: Can react explosively when combined with air.
Section 11: TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Effects of Exposure
Inhalation: May be fatal if inhaled. Signs and symptoms of exposure may include coughing, gasping,
choking and difficulty breathing. Symptoms may be delayed.
Eyes: No specific hazard known. May cause transient irritation.
Skin: No specific hazard known. May cause transient irritation.
Ingestion: not applicable.
Toxicity Data
Inhalation LC50 (4 hrs): 75 ppm (rats)
Subchronic effects: A two week inhalation study in rats exposed to 12 ppm unobtainium gas for 8 hrs/day,
5 days/week resulted in liver effects including elevated levels of hepatic enzymes, fat accumulation,
hepatic degeneration and severe centrilobular necrosis. A 90-day study in rats exposed to 8 ppm
unobtainium gas for 8 hrs/day, 5 days/week resulted in liver effects similar to those seen in the two week
study. In addition, effects on blood (decreased white blood cells and lymphocytes), kidney (evidence of
degeneration and necrosis) and lung (increased lung weight, hyperplasia, decreased lung function) were
also observed.
Section 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Aquatic Toxicity: No data available.

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Terrestrial Toxicity: No data available.
Persistence and degradability:

Mobility: No data available.
Bioaccumulation: No data available.
134
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

Section 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Do not discharge into areas where there is a risk of forming an explosive mixture with air. Return cylinder
to supplier.
Section 14: TRANSPORT INFORMATION
US DOT: UN Number: 1953

Proper shipping name: Compressed gas, toxic, flammable, n.o.s. (contains unobtainium)
Class: 2.3 (2.1)
Packaging group: none
IATA: UN Number: 1953

Proper shipping name:. Compressed gas, toxic, flammable, n.o.s. (contains unobtainium)
Class: 2.3 (2.1)
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IMDG: UN Number: 1953

Class: 2.3 (2.1)
TDG: UN Number: 1953

Class: 2.3 (2.1)
Section 15: REGULATORY INFORMATION
US Federal Regulations
EPA SARA Title III Section 312 (40 CFR 370) Hazard Classification
Acute health hazard. Fire hazard. Sudden release of pressure hazard.
US State Regulations
California Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65): This material is not
known to contain any chemicals currently listed as carcinogens or reproductive toxins.
New Jersey Worker and Community Right-to-Know Act: unobtainium gas.
International Regulations
Canadian Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHMIS): D1A, D2A
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Group 3
135
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

Inventories
TSCA (United States): Listed
DSL (Canada): Listed
PICCS (Philippines): Listed
ENCS (Japan): Listed
AICS (Australia): Listed
IECS (China): Listed
EINECS (European Union): Listed
Section 16: OTHER INFORMATION
US Label
Unobtainium Gas
DANGER
HIGH PRESSURE GAS
MAY CAUSE FLASH FIRE OR EXPLOSIONMAY BE FATAL IF INHALED
Garlic-like odor. Do not breathe gas. Store and use with adequate ventilation. Keep away from heat,
flames and sparks.
FIRST AID
If inhaled or suspicion of any exposure: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration with
supplemental oxygen. If breathing, give oxygen. Call a physician even if no symptoms are present.
Keep under medical observation. Symptoms may be delayed. Consider any exposure as a potentially
toxic dose.
HANDLING AND STORAGE

Close valve after each use and when empty. Use a backflow preventative device in piping. When
returning cylinder, install valve outlet cap or plug leak tight.
HMIS Rating
Health: 4
Flammability: 4
Physical hazard: 3
NFPA Rating
Health: 4
Fire: 4
Instability: 1
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Unobtainium Gas
DANGER
HIGH PRESSURE GAS

MAY CAUSE FLASH FIRE OR EXPLOSION
MAY BE FATAL IF INHALED
Garlic-like odor.
Do not breathe gas. Store and use with adequate ventilation. Keep away from heat flames and sparks.
POISON
FIRST AID
If inhaled or suspicion of any exposure: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration
with supplemental oxygen. If breathing, give oxygen. Call a physician even if no symptoms are present.
Keep under medical observation. Symptoms may be delayed. Consider any exposure as a potentially
toxic dose.

Close valve after each use and when empty. Use a backflow preventative device in piping. When
returning cylinder, install valve outlet cap or plug leak tight.
For additional information read Safety Data Sheet for this product.
CAS Number: 123456-78-9
Company Name 24 Hour emergency phone number:

Address 1-888-555-2222 (US)
Phone number 01-526-555-0515 (outside US)
DO NOT REMOVE THIS LABEL

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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Example 2: XYZ Chemical
Relevant Information
A liquid mixture of hydrocarbons. Some of the components are trade secrets.
Hazard Information:
Flammable liquid and vapor
Irritating to eyes, skin and respiratory tract
Delayed oral and dermal toxicity with target organ effects
CNS depressant
Highly toxic to fish
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
XYZ Chemical/67890 SAFETY DATA SHEET Page 1 of 6

September 2, 2009
Section 1: PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION

XYZ Company Company Phone Number: (800) 123-1234
123 Main St. 24 hr. emergency phone number: (800) 123-4567
Hometown, USA 12345-1234
Product Name XYZ Chemical

Product Code: 67890
Issue Date: September 2, 2009

Supersedes Date: January 2, 2004
Section 2: HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Appearance/Odor: Colorless, free-flowing liquid with sweet odor.
WARNING
FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOR
CAUSES SEVERE EYE AND RESPIRATORY TRACT IRRITATION AND CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM DEPRESSION
CAUSES SKIN IRRITATION
HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN
MAY CAUSE LIVER DAMAGE BASED ON ANIMAL DATA
POSSIBLE REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD – MAY CAUSE ADVERSE REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS
HIGHLY TOXIC TO FISH
Potential Health Effects: See Section 11 for more information.
Likely Routes of Exposure: Eye contact, skin contact, inhalation

Eye: Causes severe irritation (tears, blurred vision and redness). May result in permanent
damage including blindness.
Skin: Can be absorbed in amounts that cause toxic liver effects. Causes skin irritation
(pain, redness and swelling).
Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed. May cause irritation of the mouth, throat and stomach.
Inhalation: A single brief (minutes) exposure may cause severe irritation (tightness in the chest,
difficulty breathing and coughing). Prolonged overexposure may cause central
nervous system depression with anesthetic effects (numbing) or narcotic effects
(headache, dizziness, sleepiness, loss of coordination and unconsciousness).
Medical Conditions Aggravated By Exposure:
May cause more significant skin irritation in people with pre-existing skin conditions.
Target Organs: Liver Testes

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This product does not contain any carcinogens or potential carcinogens as listed by OSHA, IARC
or NTP.
139
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

September 2, 2009
This material is considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR
1910.1200).
Potential Environmental Effects: See Section 12 for more information.

Highly toxic to fish.
Section 3: COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

Component CAS # % by Wt.
Component A 123-45-6 60 – 90
Component B Trade Secret 5 –15
Component C None Trade Secret
Component D 987-65-4 0.1
Section 4: FIRST AID MEASURES

Eye Contact Immediately flush eyes with water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention.
If easy to do, remove contact lenses.
Skin Contact Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing
contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before
reuse. Destroy contaminated shoes.
Inhalation Remove to fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration. If breathing is
difficult, give oxygen. Call a physician.
Ingestion If swallowed, call a poison control center or physician immediately. Do NOT
induce vomiting unless directed to do so by a physician. Never give anything by
mouth to an unconscious person.
Note to Physicians:
This product is not an inhibitor of cholinesterase. Treatment with atropine and oximes is
not indicated.
Section 5: FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

Suitable Extinguishing Media: CO2, water fog.
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Alcohol foam.
Products of Combustion: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur.
Protection of Firefighters: Vapor can form explosive mixture and re-ignite. Cool and use caution
when approaching fire-exposed containers. Vapors may be irritating to eyes, skin and the
respiratory tract. Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full fire-fighting
turnout gear.
140
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

September 2, 2009
Section 6: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Personal Precautions: Use personal protection recommended in Section 8.
Environmental Precautions: This material is a water pollutant. Do not let spilled or leaking
material enter waterways.
Methods for Containment: Absorb spilled liquid in suitable material.
Methods for Clean-Up: Eliminate all ignition sources. Cover with absorbent or contain. Collect
and dispose. Wash residue with soap and water. Do not rinse to drain.
Other Information: Spills of this material do not need to be reported to the National Response
Center.
Section 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling
Do not get in eyes. Do not breathe vapor or mist. Avoid contact with skin. Use in well ventilated
areas. Wash thoroughly after handling. Keep away from heat, sparks and flame. Use grounding
and bonding connection when transferring this material to prevent static discharge, fire or
explosion.
Storage
Store in a cool, well ventilated area. Store away from incompatible materials. Keep container
closed when not in use. Product residue may remain in empty containers. Observe all label
precautions until container is cleaned, reconditioned or destroyed. Residual vapors may explode
on ignition. Do not cut, drill, grind or weld on or near this container.
Section 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION

Exposure Guidelines
Component A Not established.
Component B TWA: 100 ppm (OSHA), TWA: 50 ppm (ACGIH)
Component C TWA: 50 ppm (Manufacturer’s suggested limit)
Component D TWA: 200 ppm (ACGIH), STEL: 250 ppm (skin) (ACGIH)
Engineering Controls: Provide local exhaust ventilation.
Eye/face Protection: Wear chemical splash goggles and face shield.
Skin Protection: Wear chemical resistant clothing such as gloves, apron, boots or whole
bodysuits made from neoprene, as appropriate.
Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH-approved air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge
or canister, as appropriate.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

September 2, 2009
General Hygiene Considerations: Wash thoroughly after handling. Have eye-wash facilities
immediately available
Section 9: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Color: Colorless.
Odor: Sweet.
Odor Threshold: Not available.
Physical State: Liquid.
pH: Not applicable.
Freezing Point: < -25°F (< -32°C)
Boiling Point: 165°F (74°C)
Flash Point: 60 °F (107 °C) (TCC)
Evaporation Rate: Not available.
Flammability (solid, gas): Not applicable.
Upper Flammability Limit: 12.0% @ 122°F (50°C)
Lower Flammability Limit: 6.5% @ 122°F (50°C)
Autoignition Temperature: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: 85 mmHg @ 68°F (20°C)
Vapor Density: 4.8
Specific Gravity: 0.9 @ 60°F (15°C)
Solubility (water): Negligible.
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): log KOW = 2.49
Percent Volatile, wt.%: 100
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) content, wt.%: 100
Section 10: STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Stability: Stable.
Conditions to Avoid: Keep away from heat, sparks and flames.
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids and bases. Strong oxidizing and reducing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Ethylene oxide @ 100°F (38°C).
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: Will not occur.
Section 11: TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION

ACUTE EFFECTS
Oral LD50: > 5,000 mg/kg (rats)
Dermal LD50: > 2,000 mg/kg (rabbits)
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

September 2, 2009
Inhalation: In humans, irritation occurs at 200 ppm. CNS depression occurs at

concentrations > 10,000 ppm; however, motor skills may be impaired at 1,000
ppm.
Eye Irritation: In humans, irritation occurs at 200 ppm. Primary Irritation Score 80/110.
Severely irritating to the rabbit eye.
Skin Irritation: Primary Irritation Score 4.0/8.0. Moderately irritating to rabbit skin.
Sensitization: Not expected to cause skin or respiratory sensitization based on similarities to
other tested materials of similar composition.
CHRONIC EFFECTS
Carcinogenicity: No carcinogenic effects noted in rats exposed to 10 ppm in drinking
water for 2 years.
Liver Effects: Hepatic necrosis related to treatment was seen in mice exposed to 1800
mg/kg through dermal exposure for 90 days.
Mutagenicity: Negative in Ames test with and without metabolic activation.
Reproductive Effects: Testicular effects were seen in rats administered 1000 mg/kg by gavage
daily for 90 days.
Developmental Effects: No data.
Section 12: ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to fish. 96 hour LC50 = 0.5 mg/L (fathead minnow)
Persistence/ Degradability: Degradation is expected under aerobic and anaerobic
conditions.
Bioaccumulation/ Accumulation: No appreciable bioconcentration is expected in the environment.
log Kow = 2.49.
Mobility in Environment: Appreciable volatilization is expected from water to air.
Section 13: DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

Disposal: RCRA Hazardous Waste (ID# 0001). Dispose of in accordance with federal, state
and local regulations. Empty containers must be triple-rinsed prior to disposal.
Section 14: TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION

US DOT (ground)
Proper Shipping Description: UN 1993, Flammable liquids, n.o.s. (contains Component A,
Component B), 3, II.
Canadian TDG (ground)

Proper Shipping Description: See US DOT
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ICAO (air)
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

September 2, 2009
IMDG (water )
This material meets the definition of a marine pollutant.
Section 15: REGULATORY INFORMATION

Global Inventories
TSCA: United States Listed
DSL: Canada Listed
ECL: Korea Listed
PICCS: Philippines Listed
ENCS: Japan Listed
AICS: Australia Listed
IECS: China Listed
EINECS: European Union Listed
SARA 313 Information

Component CAS# % by Wt.
Component D 987-65-4 0.1
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California Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65)
This product contains chemicals known to the state of California to cause birth defects or other
reproductive harm.
WHMIS: Canadian Workplace Hazardous Material Information System
B3: combustible liquid; D2A: very toxic material
Section 16: OTHER INFORMATION

NFPA 704: National Fire Protection Association
Health - 2 Flammability - 3 Instability - 0
0 = minimal hazard, 1 = slight hazard, 2 = moderate hazard, 3 = severe hazard, 4 = extreme
hazard
HMIS III: Hazardous Materials Identification System
Health – 2* Flammability - 3 Physical Hazards – 0
0 = minimal hazard, 1 = slight hazard, 2 = moderate hazard, 3 = serious hazard, 4 = severe
hazard
Prepared by Company Name, Technical Expert

The information contained in this document applies to this specific material as supplied. It may
not be valid for this material if it is used in combination with any other materials. It is the user’s
responsibility to satisfy oneself as to the suitability and completeness of this information for his
own particular use.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
XYZ Chemical
WARNING
FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND VAPOR

CAUSES SEVERE EYE AND RESPIRATORY TRACT IRRITATION AND CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM DEPRESSION
CAUSES SKIN IRRITATION
HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN
HIGHLY TOXIC TO FISH
FIRST AID
If swallowed: If swallowed, call a poison control center or physician immediately. Do NOT
induce vomiting unless directed to do so by a physician. Never give anything by mouth to an
unconscious person.
If inhaled: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult,
give oxygen. Call a physician.
In case of contact: Immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes
while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. If easy to do, remove contact lenses. Get
medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Destroy contaminated shoes.
Note to Physicians: This product is not an inhibitor of cholinesterase. Treatment with atropine
and oximes is not indicated.

Do not get in eyes. Do not breathe vapor or mist. Avoid contact with skin. Use in well ventilated
areas. Wash thoroughly after handling. Keep away from heat, sparks and flame. Use grounding
and bonding connection when transferring this material to prevent static discharge, fire or
explosion. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials. Keep
container closed when not in use. Product residue may remain in empty containers. Observe all
label precautions until container is cleaned, reconditioned or destroyed. Residual vapors may
explode on ignition. Do not cut, drill, grind or weld on or near this container.
This product contains the following hazardous components:

Component CAS#
Component A 123-45-6
Component B Trade Secret
Component C None
Component D 987-65-4
For additional information read Safety Data Sheet for this product.
XYZ Company
123 Main St.
Hometown, USA 12345-1234
Company Phone number: (800) 123-1234 24-hour emergency phone number: (800) 123-
4567
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Example 3: Product React
This product is a water reactive liquid with a flash point of 205ºF and a boiling point of 212ºF.
Composition:
Chemical X = 95%
Chemical Y = 5%
Chemical X is a skin sensitizer and moderate eye irritant, based on animal data.
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Chemical Y reacts with water, liberating hydrogen.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Product React
Contains chemicals X and Y
DANGER
WATER REACTIVE SUBSTANCE
REACTS WITH WATER TO RELEASE FLAMMABLE GAS
MAY CAUSE FIRE
MAY CAUSE ALLERGIC SKIN REACTION
MAY CAUSE EYE IRRITATION
Use only with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. Avoid contact
with eyes. Wash thoroughly after handling.
FIRST AID: In case of skin contact, immediately flush skin with soap and plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention if symptoms occur.
In case of eye contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If easy
to do, remove contact lenses, if worn. Call a physician if irritation persists.
For additional information, see Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this chemical.
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Company name
Address
Phone number
24-hour emergency phone number
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Example 4: ABC Chemical
ABC Chemical is an untested mixture of four chemicals.
Liquid with a flash point of 220ºF
Composition:
Chemical A = 50%
Chemical B = 25%
Chemical C = 23.5%
Chemical D = 1.5%
Hazard Information:
Chemical A: Severe eye and severe respiratory tract irritant per supplier SDS
Chemical B: Non-hazardous
Chemical C: Mild eye irritation; dermal LD50 = 500 mg/kg; liver damage noted on
subchronic study
Chemical D: Supplier SDS indicates reproductive effects based on animal data
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
ABC Chemical
WARNING
CAUSES EYE AND RESPIRATORY TRACT IRRITATION

HARMFUL IF ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN
Avoid breathing vapor or mist. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container
closed. Use only with adequate ventilation. Wash thoroughly after handling.
FIRST AID
If inhaled: Remove to fresh air. If not breathing give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult,
give oxygen. Call a physician.
In case of contact: Immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes
while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. If easy to do, remove contact lenses. Contact
a poison control center. Wash clothing before reuse. Destroy contaminated shoes.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
This product contains the following hazardous components:

CAS # 1 Chemical A
CAS # 2 Chemical C
CAS # 3 Chemical D
Company name
Address
Phone number 24-hour emergency phone number
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Example 5: Solid Stuff
Solid Stuff is a granular material capable of generating a dust.
Composition:
Chemical S = 100%
Hazard Information:
Chemical S is a severe eye irritant.
Chemical S is not water-reactive.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Solid Stuff
WARNING
MAY FORM COMBUSTIBLE DUST- AIR MIXTURE
CAUSES EYE IRRITATION
FIRST AID
In case of contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If easy to
do, remove contact lenses. Get medical attention.
FIRE INSTRUCTIONS
Flood with water. Apply extinguishing media carefully to avoid creating airborne dust.

Avoid contact with eyes. Wash thoroughly after handling. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated
area away from incompatible materials. Keep away from heat, sparks and open flame. Keep
container closed. To avoid fire or explosion, ground and bond container and receiving equipment
(and ground personnel) before transferring material. Avoid significant deposits of material,
especially on horizontal surfaces, which may become airborne and form combustible dust clouds
and may contribute to secondary explosions.
For additional information, read Safety Data Sheet for this product.
This product contains:

Chemical S
Company name
Address
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Example 6: SOL Chemical
SOL Chemical is a water insoluble solvent with a specific gravity less than 1.
Liquid with a flash point of 90ºF
Composition:
Chemical SOL = 100%
Hazard Information:
SOL Chemical is a static accumulating flammable liquid, low viscosity, organic solvent.
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Electrostatic charge may be generated during pumping and other operations. SOL
Chemical can cause CNS depression if inhaled, aspiration pneumonitis if aspirated in
lungs, and defatting of the skin upon prolonged or repeated skin contact.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
SOL Chemical
CAS # 123456-78-9 chemical name
WARNING
STATIC-ACCUMULATING FLAMMABLE LIQUID

CAN BECOME ELECTROSTATICALLY CHARGED EVEN IN BONDED AND GROUNDED
EQUIMENT
SPARKS MAY IGNITE LIQUID AND VAPORS
MAY CAUSE FLASH FIRE
VAPORS MAY CAUSE DROWSINESS AND DIZZINESS
HARMFUL - MAY CAUSE LUNG DAMAGE IF SWALLOWED
PROLONGED OR REPEATED CONTACT MAY DRY SKIN AND CAUSE IRRITATION
FIRST AID
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If inhaled: Remove to fresh air. If rapid recovery does not occur, transport to nearest medical
facility for additional treatment.
If ingested: Do not induce vomiting. Transport to nearest medical facility for additional treatment.
If vomiting occurs spontaneously, keep head below hips to prevent aspiration.
Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Flush exposed area with water and follow by
washing with soap if available.
FIRE FIGHTING
Foam, water spray or fog. Dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, sand or earth may be used for
small fires only. Do not use water jetstream. Will float on water and can be re-ignited.
SPILL PROCEDURES
Remove all possible sources of ignition in the surrounding area. Use appropriate containment to
avoid environmental contamination. Transfer by mechanical means such as vacuum truck to a
salvage tank or other suitable container for recovery or safe disposal.

Avoid breathing of or direct contact with material. Use only with adequate ventilation. Eliminate
sources of ignition. Avoid spark promoters. Ground/bond containers and equipment. These
alone may be insufficient to remove static electricity. Keep container closed when not in use.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
Company name
Address
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Example 7: Product SAFE
Product SAFE is a soluble polymer with a specific gravity of 1.1.
No flash point
Chemical S is considered a trade secret.
Composition:
Chemical S = 90%
Chemical F = 10%
Although non-hazardous, the manufacturer chooses to disclose the composition.
Hazard Information:
Chemical SAFE has no health or physical hazards.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Product SAFE
NOT EXPECTED TO PRODUCE SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS WHEN

RECOMMENDED USE INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOLLOWED
FIRST AID
In general no treatment is necessary. If symptoms occur, obtain medical advice.
FIRE FIGHTING
Product will not burn.
SPILL PROCEDURES
Contain spill transfer by mechanical means such as vacuum truck to a salvage tank or other
suitable container for recovery or safe disposal.

Avoid prolonged contact with material. Keep container closed when not in use. Store in a cool,
dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
This product contains:

NJ Trade Secret Registry # Generic chemical name S
CAS # 123456-78-9 Chemical F
Company name
Address
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Annex B
(informative)
Background: The Globally Harmonized System of
Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Several countries and international agencies have developed and implemented their
own unique systems for classification and labeling of chemicals. Companies must
comply with different requirements that depend on where they do business and the
types of chemicals involved. In addition, people with different levels of education
(including illiteracy), from various countries with different languages and alphabets, and
from various social conditions are handling and using chemicals on a daily basis.
While existing classification and labeling systems are similar in many respects, there are
significant differences that can result in different labels or safety data sheets for the same
product in different countries. For example, because of variations in definitions of hazards, a
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chemical may be considered to cause cancer in one country, but not in another.
Recognizing this, the United Nations (UN) issued a mandate to develop:
“A globally harmonized hazard classification and compatible labeling system, including

national safety data sheets and easily understandable symbols…”
Benefits of a harmonized system include:

 Greater consistency among countries;
 Promotion of more effective hazard communication;
 Promotion of regulatory efficiency and facilitation of trade, without reducing the level
of health and environmental protection afforded by current laws and regulations;
 Promotion of safer transportation and handling of chemicals;
 Reduction in the costs for companies involved in international trade; and
 Reduction in the need for animal testing that is necessary for compliance.
The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is

the result of the UN effort to harmonize existing communication systems into a single,
global system that addresses the classification of chemicals according to their hazards
and communicates the information through labels, based on universally understandable
pictograms and safety data sheets.
The GHS was adopted by the UN in December 2002 and is now available for worldwide
implementation. While national or regional governments are the primary audiences for
the GHS document, it also contains sufficient context and guidance for those in industry
who will ultimately be implementing the national requirements that will be introduced.
This system will be regularly revised as experience is gained with its implementation.
Since many countries have not yet finalized their adoption of GHS, the scope of this
annex is the UN Model of GHS.
GHS hazard classification criteria have been developed, standardized and adopted by
consensus for the three hazard types: physical, health and environmental. (See Table in
this annex) For the hazard class criteria and their proper application, see the GHS.
The GHS includes guidance on:
Label elements
Symbols/Pictograms
Signal words
Hazard statements
Precautionary statements
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Note: Symbols, signal words, and hazard statements are harmonized under the GHS, but
precautionary statements are not yet harmonized. The GHS does provide guidance on
precautionary statements.
Safety data sheets

Standard format and approach to the presentation of information
Other
Product identifiers
Confidential business information
Precedence of hazards
For additional information on the GHS, see the current United Nations/Economic Commission
for Europe (UN/ECE) Transport Division website. Copies of the Globally Harmonized System
of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), third edition (or current edition), can be
ordered or downloaded.
Example of GHS label elements
Product name Product Identifier
Hazard symbol(s) /Pictogram(s) SIGNAL WORD
Hazard Statements
Precautionary Statements
Prevention
Response
Storage
Disposal
Supplier Identification
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Example of a GHS product label
Relevant information
Liquid
HAZARDS: May cause cancer.
ABC Chemical Product Code ABC987
DANGER
May cause cancer
Prevention: Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions
have been read and understood. Use personal protective equipment as required.
Response: If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
Storage: Store locked up.
Disposal: Dispose of contents/containers in accordance with local regulations.
Company Name
Phone number
159
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Note: For the hazard class criteria and their proper application, and the selection of
precautionary statements, see the GHS.
Physical Hazards
Hazard class Category Pictogram/ Signal Hazard statement

Pictogram word
name
Explosives Unstable Danger Unstable explosive
explosive
Exploding bomb
Division Danger Explosive; mass
1.1 explosion hazard
Exploding bomb
Division Danger Explosive; severe
1.2 projection hazard
Exploding bomb
Division Danger Explosive; fire, blast or
1.3 projection hazard.
Exploding bomb
Division Warning Fire or projection hazard
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1.4
Exploding bomb
Or
1.4 on orange
background
Division 1.5 on orange Danger May mass explode in fire
1.5 background
Division 1.6 on orange No No hazard statement
1.6 background signal
word
Flammable 1 Danger Extremely flammable gas
Gases
Flame
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

Pictogram word
name
2 No symbol Warning Flammable gas
Flammable 1 Danger Extremely flammable
Aerosols aerosol
Flame
2 Warning Flammable aerosol
Flame
Oxidizing Gases 1 Danger May cause or intensify
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fire; oxidizer
Flame over
circle
Gases Under Compress Warning Contains gas under
Pressure ed gas pressure; may explode if
heated
Gas cylinder
Liquefied Warning Contains gas under
gas pressure; may explode if
heated
Gas cylinder
Refrigerate Warning Contains refrigerated gas;
d liquefied may cause cryogenic
gas burns or injury
Gas cylinder
Dissolved Warning Contains gas under
gas pressure; may explode if
heated
Gas cylinder
Flammable 1 Danger Extremely flammable
Liquids liquid and vapour
Flame
2 Danger Highly flammable liquid
and vapour
Flame
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Pictogram word
name
3 Warning Flammable liquid and
vapour
Flame
4 No symbol Warning Combustible liquid
Flammable 1 Danger Flammable solid
Solids
Flame
2 Warning Flammable solid
Flame
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Self-Reactive Type A Danger Heating may cause an

Substances and explosion
Mixtures
Exploding bomb
Type B Danger Heating may cause a fire
or explosion
And
Exploding bomb
and flame
Type C Danger Heating may cause a fire
and D
Flame
Type E Warning Heating may cause a fire
and F
Flame
Type G There are no
label elements
allocated to this
hazard category
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

Pictogram word
name
Pyrophoric 1 Danger Catches fire
Liquids spontaneously if exposed
to air
Flame
Pyrophoric 1 Danger Catches fire
Solids spontaneously if exposed
to air
Flame
Self-Heating 1 Danger Self-heating; may catch
Substances and fire
Mixtures
Flame
2 Warning Self-heating in large
quantities; may catch fire
Flame
Substances and 1 Danger In contact with water
Mixtures which, releases flammable
in contact with gases which may ignite
water, Emit Flame spontaneously
Flammable 2 Danger In contact with water
Gases releases flammable
gases
Flame
3 Warning In contact with water
releases flammable
gases
Flame
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Oxidizing 1 Danger May cause fire or
Liquids explosions; strong
oxidizer
Flame over
circle
2 Danger May intensify fire; oxidizer
Flame over
circle
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

Pictogram word
name
3 Warning May intensify fire; oxidizer
Flame over
circle
Oxidizing Solids 1 Danger May cause fire or
explosions; strong
oxidizer
Flame over
circle
2 Danger May intensify fire; oxidizer
Flame over
circle
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3 Warning May intensify fire; oxidizer
Flame over
circle
Organic Type A Danger Heating may cause an
Peroxides explosion
Exploding bomb
Type B Danger Heating may cause a fire
or explosion
And
Exploding bomb
and flame
Type C Danger Heating may cause a fire
and D
Flame
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

Pictogram word
name
Type E Warning Heating may cause a fire
and F
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Flame
Type G There are no
label elements
allocated to this
hazard category
Corrosive to 1 Warning May be corrosive to
Metals metals
Corrosion
Health Hazards
Hazard Category Symbol/ Signal Hazard statement

classification pictogram word
Acute toxicity – 1 Danger Fatal if swallowed
Oral
Skull and
crossbones
2 Danger Fatal if swallowed
Skull and
crossbones
3 Danger Toxic if swallowed
Skull and
crossbones
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

4 Warning Harmful if swallowed
Exclamation
mark
5 No symbol Warning May be harmful if
swallowed
Acute toxicity - 1 Danger Fatal in contact with
Dermal skin
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Skull and
crossbones
2 Danger Fatal in contact with
skin
Skull and
crossbones
3 Danger Toxic in contact with
skin
Skull and
crossbones
4 Warning Harmful in contact
with skin
Exclamation
mark
5 No symbol Warning May be harmful in
contact with skin
Acute toxicity - 1 Danger Fatal if inhaled
Inhalation
Skull and
crossbones
2 Danger Fatal if inhaled
Skull and
crossbones
166
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

3 Danger Toxic if inhaled
Skull and
crossbones
4 Warning Harmful if inhaled
Exclamation
mark
5 No symbol Warning May be harmful if
inhaled
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Skin 1A Danger Causes severe skin
corrosion/irritation burns and eye
damage
Corrosion
1B Danger Causes severe skin
burns and eye
damage
Corrosion
1C Danger Causes severe skin
burns and eye
damage
Corrosion
2 Warning Causes skin irritation
Exclamation
mark
3 No symbol Warning Causes mild skin
irritation
Serious eye 1 Danger Causes serious eye
damage/eye damage
irritation
Corrosion
2A Warning Causes serious eye
irritation
Exclamation
mark
2B No symbol Warning Causes eye irritation
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Respiratory or Respiratory Danger May cause allergy or
skin sensitization sensitization asthma symptoms or
–1 breathing difficulties if
Health inhaled
hazard
Skin Warning May cause an allergic
sensitization skin reaction
-1
Exclamation
mark
Germ cell 1A DangerMay cause genetic
mutagenicity defects (state route of
exposure if it is
Health conclusively proven
hazard that no other routes
of exposure cause
the hazard)
1B Danger May cause genetic
defects (state route of
exposure if it is
of exposure cause
the hazard)
2 Warning Suspected of causing
genetic defects (state
route of exposure if it
Health is conclusively proven
of exposure cause
the hazard)
Carcinogenicity 1A Danger May cause cancer
(state route of
exposure if it is
of exposure cause
the hazard)
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

1B Danger May cause cancer
(state route of
exposure if it is
of exposure cause
the hazard)
2 Warning Suspected of causing
cancer (state route of
exposure if it is
of exposure cause
the hazard)
Reproductive 1A Danger May damage fertility
toxicity or the unborn child
(state specific effect if
Health known)(state route of
hazard exposure if it is
conclusively proven
that no other routes
of exposure cause
the hazard)
1B Danger May damage fertility
or the unborn child
(state specific effect if
conclusively proven
of exposure cause
the hazard)
2 Warning Suspected of
damaging fertility or
the unborn child
Health (state specific effect if
hazard known)(state route of
exposure if it is
conclusively proven
of exposure cause
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the hazard)
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

Effects on No symbol No May cause harm to
or via signal breast-fed children
lactation word
Specific target 1 Danger
Causes damage to
organ toxicity – organs (or state all
Single exposure organs affected, if
conclusively proven
of exposure cause
the hazard)
2 Warning May cause damage
to organs (or state all
organs affected, if
conclusively proven
of exposure cause
the hazard)
3 Warning May cause
respiratory irritation
OR
Exclamation May cause
mark drowsiness or
dizziness
Specific target 1 Danger Causes damage to
organ toxicity – organs (state all
Repeated organs affected, if
exposure Health known) through
hazard prolonged or
repeated exposure
(state route of
exposure if it is
conclusively proven
of exposure cause
the hazard)
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170
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010

2 Warning May cause damage
to organs (state all
organs affected, if
Health known) through
hazard prolonged or
repeated exposure
(state route of
exposure if it is
conclusively proven
of exposure cause
the hazard)
Aspiration hazard 1 Danger May be fatal if
swallowed and enters
airways
Health
hazard
2 Warning May be harmful if
swallowed and enters
airways
Health
hazard
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171
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Environmental Hazards

Hazardous to Acute – 1 Warning Very toxic to aquatic life
the Aquatic
Environment
Environment
Acute – 2 No symbol No Toxic to aquatic life
signal
word
Acute – 3 No symbol No Harmful to aquatic life
signal
word
Chronic – Warning Very toxic to aquatic life
1 with long lasting effects
Environment
Chronic – No Toxic to aquatic life with
2 signal long lasting effects
word
Environment
Chronic – No symbol No Harmful to aquatic life
3 signal with long lasting effects
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word
Chronic – No symbol No May cause long lasting
4 signal harmful effects to
word aquatic life
Hazardous to 1 Warning Harms public health and
the Ozone the environment by
Layer destroying ozone in the
Exclamation upper atmosphere
mark
172
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Annex C
(informative)
Preparation resources document
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173
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
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174
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Annex C
(informative)
Preparation Resources Document
MSDS Section
RESOURCE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Gen Comment
29 CFR 1910.1000 x
OSHA Air Contaminants - Permissible Exposure Limits ~
40 CFR 260-263 x
EPA - Solid Wastes Hazardous Waste Management System
49 CFR 100-199,397 x x
Hazardous Materials Transportation
th
ACGIH Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing, 4 Edition, Krister x
Forsbert, S.Z. Mansdorf, Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists, Publication #9090
Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR) x x
404-639-0615
ANSI Z88.2 Recommended Practice for Respiratory Protection x
New York, NY: American National Standards Institute
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) x x
http://www.ccohs.ca/
Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons x x
New York, NY: McGraw Publishing Co.

Catalog of Teratogenic Agents [Shepard's] x x
Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Center for Disease Control (CDC) x x
http://www.cdc.gov, 404-639-3235
Chemical Carcinogen Risk Information System (CCRIS®) Bethesda, MD: x
National Library of Medicine (NLM)
Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) x x x x x
U.S. Coast Guard
Chemical Identification File (ChemlD®) Bethesda, MD: National Library of x
Medicine (NLM)
CHEMTREC (non-emergency) x x
1-800-262-8200
Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products: Acute Poisoning [Gosselin] x x x
Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins
46 CFR 150 x x
Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security: Compatibility of Cargoes
Comprehensive Guide to Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, John x x x
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) Hotline x
800-638-2772
Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials [Sax] x
New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold
175
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
MSDS Section
Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology (DART® and ETICBACK®) x
Bethesda, MD: National Library of Medicine (NLM)
Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices x x x
Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
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DRUGDEX® x x x x
Englewood, CO: MICROMEDEX, Inc.
Emergency Planning & Community Right To Know Hotline x x
800-535-0202
Environmental and Occupational Medicine x x x
Boston, MA: Little, Brown, and Co. McGraw-Hill/Appleton and Lange
Environmental Fate Database x
Syracuse Research Corporation, http://esc.syrres.com/efdb.htm
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) x
http://www.epa.gov/
EPA’s ECOTOX Database System (integrates the AQUIRE, PHYTOX x
TERRETOX databases)
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/.
Essential Practices for Managing Chemical Reactivity Hazards, Center for x x x x
Chemical Process Safety (CCPS).
FIFRA (Pesticide Information), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency x x
703-308-8010
Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials x x
Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association
Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene x

Itasca, IL: National Safety Council
Gene-Tox Program of the U.S. EPA, The (GENE-TOX®) x
Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies x x x
Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange McGraw-Hill Professional
Guidance Document for Preparing Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) x
Specifically Focusing on Hazard Determination for Plastics and Plastic-Related
Materials;SPI Publication AE-152 Washington D.C.:The Society of the Plastics
Industry, Inc. http://www.plasticsindustry.org/public/oheic/onepage.htm .
Guide to Occupational Exposure Values x
Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
Haddad & Winchester's Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose x x x
Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Co.
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics x
Cleveland, OH: Chemical Rubber Company (CRC Press)
Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals [Verschueren] x
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates x
Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers
Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals, x
Lewis Press
Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology x
San Diego, CA: Academic Press-Harcourt Brace and Co
176
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
MSDS Section
Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens x x
Park Ridge, NJ: Sittig, Noyes Data Corp
Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary x x x
John Wiley & Sons
Hazardous Materials Toxicology Clinical Principles of Environmental Health x x
Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB®) x x x x x x
HAZARDTEXT® x x x x x x x x x x x x x Fee required to
Englewood, CO: MICROMEDEX, Inc. access data
Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology [Patty's] x x x x
New York, NY: Wiley-lnterscience
th
Hamilton & Hardy’s Industrial Toxicology 5 Edition [edited by] Raymond D. x
Harbison, St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book Inc., c1998
Improving Reactive Hazard Management x
U.S. Chemical Safety & Hazard Investigation Board
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS®) x
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs on the x x
Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man
Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. http://monographs.iarc.fr/
International Air Transport Association (IATA) 2000 Peel Street x x
Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2R4
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) x x

London, England: International Maritime Organization
Material Safety Data Sheet, The: A Practical Guide to First Aid Material Safety x x
Data Sheet, The: A Practical Guide to First Aid Callaghan and Cooper, Ontario,
Canada: Canadian Centre Occupational Health and Safety
http://www.ccohs.ca/products/publications/firstaid/
Material Safety Data Sheets Collection Schenectady, NY: Genium Publishing x
Corporation http://www.hz.genium.com/searchmsds/
Material Safety Data Sheets, The Writer's Desk Reference x
Boca Raton, FL: Aribet Books HILL & GARNETT PUB.
Medical Literature On-line (Medline®) x x x
Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning x x x
New York, NY: Williams and Wilkens
Merck Index, The, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals x x
White House Station, NJ: Merck and Co.
National Cancer Institute x
800-4-CANCER
National Fire Protection Association x x x
617-770-3000
National Institute of Health (NIH) x x
http://www.nih.gov
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Educational x
Resource Centers 800-356-4674
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177
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
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MSDS Section
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) x
800-356-4674
National Pesticide Telecommunications Network x x x
800-858-7378
National Toxicology Program (NTP) x x
http://ntp-server.niehs.nihgov
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards x x x x
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
North American Emergency Response Guidebook x x x x x
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation
NTP Annual Report on Carcinogens and Summary of the Annual Report on x x
Carcinogens
Rockville, MD: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - Computerized x
Information System (OCRS)
http://www.osha-slc.gov/, 800-321-6742
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), x
http://www.osha.gov/ , 800-321-6742
Oil and Hazardous Materials, Technical Assistance Data System (OHM/TADS) x x x x
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook x
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
POISINDEX® x x x x Fee required to

Poisoning and Drug Overdose x x x
McGraw-Hill
Proctor and Hughes' Chemical Hazards of the Workplace x x x
John Wiley & Sons
Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing x
John Wiley & Sons
Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings, Dr. Routt Reigart and Dr. x x x
James Roberts, EPA;s Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C., 5th
Edition, 1999
http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/healthcare/handbook/handbook.htm
Recognition of Health Hazards in Industry x x
John Wiley and Sons
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS®), x Fee required to
National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH), Atlanta, GA access data
Reproductive Hazards of Industrial Chemicals x x
New York, NY: Academic Press
ReproRisk® System x Fee required to
Society for Chemical Hazard Communication (SCHC) http://www.schc.org x
Superfund Hotline, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 800-424-9346 or 202- x
260-1163
Teratogen Information System (TERIS) x
206-543-2465
178
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
MSDS Section
Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices x x x
Cincinnati, OH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
TOMES® System x x x x x x x x x x x Fee required to
Toxicology Information Response Center (Oak Ridge, TN) x
423-576-1746
Toxicology Literature On-line (Toxline®) x x
Toxicology of the Eye x x x
Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher
TSCA Assistance Office Hotline, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency x
202-554-1404
TSCA Test Submissions (TSCATS) x x
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Department of Agriculture/National Agriculture Library x x x
http://www.nalU.S.da, gov/
U.S. Food and Drug Administration x x
301-827-0548
WHMIS Core Material x x
Richmond, British Columbia, Canada: Workers' Compensation Board
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) x x
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Department of Corporate and Consumer Affairs
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179
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
180
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
Annex D
(informative)
Glossary
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181
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
The Glossary was developed to assist the SDS and labeling writer. It defines the terms used in the
Standard and those commonly used in SDSs, labeling and source materials. It contains many regulatory
definitions. Where multiple regulatory definitions exist, the OSHA definition is given first. Other regulatory
definitions are given if relevant to information described in the Standard. These definitions are current as
of the time of preparation of this Standard. Users of the glossary may wish to revise the terms as
changes occur to keep it current.
The Glossary definitions are meant to convey the concepts presented in the text of this Standard; they
are not meant to be used outside the context of the Standard.
Where applicable, reference to the following sources is made by way of endnote on the Glossary entries.
The sources should be referred to when using this Annex.
Certain glossary definitions are from copyrighted sources. This material is used with permission as noted
below:
By permission, from Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate® Dictionary, Eleventh Edition ©2003 by Merriam-
Webster, Incorporated (www.Merriam-Webster.com).
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Reprinted with permission from NFPA 49-2001, Hazardous Chemical Data, 13th ed., as printed in the Fire
Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, copyright 2001, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy,
MA 02269. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced
subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.
Verschueren, K., Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, 4th ed., 2001, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemicals Dictionary, 14th ed., 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken,
NJ. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reprinted from Taylor, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 29th ed., Taylor, copyright 1999, with
permission from Elsevier.
182
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists): The ACGIH is an

organization of government and academic professionals engaged in occupational safety and health
programs. ACGIH establishes recommended occupational exposure limits for chemical substances and
physical agents known as Threshold Limit Values. [1] See Glossary term “TLV”.
acid: Acids are materials that have a pH of less than 7. Acids with a pH in the 0 to 2 range are
considered corrosive and will cause severe damage to skin and eyes. Compare to Glossary term “alkali.”
acute effect: An adverse effect of short duration on a human or animal, that usually occurs rapidly as a
result of an acute exposure. The terms “acute effect” and “immediate effect” are often used
interchangeably. See also OSHA HCS, Appendix A. See Glossary terms “immediate health effect”,
“acute exposure” and “chronic effect”.
acute exposure: A single, short-term exposure to a substance (usually less than 24 hours).
acute toxicity: Adverse effects on health caused by a single dose of, or short exposure to a chemical.
The health effects usually occur rapidly or relatively immediately after the exposure. See Standard
Section 5.1.
adequate ventilation: A condition falling within either or both of the following categories: (1) Ventilation
to reduce levels of air contaminant below that which may cause personal injury or illness. (2) Ventilation
sufficient to prevent accumulation to a concentration of contaminant vapor in air at a level in excess of 25
percent of the level set for the lower flammable limit as described in ANSI/NFPA 30. See Glossary term
“ventilation”.
aerosol: A suspension of tiny particles or droplets in the air, such as dusts, mists or fumes. These
particles may be inhaled or absorbed by the skin, and can sometimes cause adverse health effects for
workers. [3] Fog and smoke are common examples of natural aerosols; fine sprays (perfumes,
insecticides, inhalants, antiperspirants, paints, etc.) are manufactured. [4]
AICS: Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances.
AIHA (American Industrial Hygiene Association): A professional organization that, among other
things, develops and publishes airborne chemical exposure limits known as the WEEL guide. See
Glossary term “WEEL”.
allergic reaction: See Glossary term “sensitizer”.
ALD: Approximate Lethal Dose (see Glossary term LDLo).
alkali: Alkalies (or bases) are materials that have pH values greater than 7. Alkalies with pHs between
12 to14 are considered to be corrosive and will cause severe damage to skin and eyes. Compare to
Glossary term “acid.”
analgesia: Insensibility to pain without loss of consciousness. [5]
anesthesia: Loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness. [5]
antagonism: The effect of one material or chemical that tends to counteract the effect of another
material or chemical. Literally, antagonism means to work against.
antidote: A specific treatment or remedy used to counteract or prevent the adverse health effects of a
chemical. The administration or giving of an antidote may require the services of medically trained
personnel.
article: OSHA defines an article as follows: A manufactured item other than a fluid or particle: (i) which
is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture; (ii) which has end use function(s) dependent
in whole or in part upon its shape or design during end use; and (iii) which under normal conditions of use
does not release more than very small quantities, e.g., minute or trace amounts of hazardous chemicals
and does not pose a physical or health hazard to employees. [6]
asphyxia: A lack of oxygen or excess of carbon dioxide in the body that results in unconsciousness and
often death and is usually caused by interruption of breathing or inadequate oxygen supply. [5] Can be
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
induced by choking, drowning, electric shock, injury or inhaling toxic gases. (Example lay language:
suffocation.)
asphyxiant: Material causing chemical suffocation.
aspiration: Aspiration means the entry of a liquid or solid chemical directly through the mouth or nose, or
indirectly from vomiting, following ingestion, into the trachea and lungs. See Section 5.1.1.5.4.
aspiration hazard: A compound that presents the potential for aspiration (inhaling liquids into the lungs)
during or following ingestion. Compounds recognized as presenting an aspiration hazard include low-
viscosity hydrocarbons or nonemulsion-type liquid chemical products that contain 10 percent or more
hydrocarbons by weight and have a viscosity of less than 100 Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) or
approximately 20 centistokes [cSt] at 100°F) .
ASTM (formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials): A source of voluntary
consensus standards for material, products, systems and services. ASTM is a resource for sampling and
testing methods, health and safety aspects of materials, safe performance guidelines and effects of
physical and biological agents and chemicals. [7]
ataxia: Loss of reflexes or muscular coordination. Signs can include twitching, stumbling or unsteady
walk and shaking (Example lay language: loss of muscle control (indicate muscles involved, e.g.,
staggering gait).)
atrophy: Decrease in the size of an organ or tissue from its normal size. (Example lay language:
shrinkage or wasting away of (organ or tissue).)
autoignition point (autoignition temperature): The minimum temperature required to initiate or cause
self-sustained combustion in any substance in the absence of a spark or flame. This varies with the test
method. [4] See Glossary term “flash point”.
autoignition temperature: See Glossary term “autoignition point”.
base: See Glossary term “alkali”.
bioaccumulate: The process whereby a chemical is taken up and retained by an organism directly from
the surrounding environment and from food.
bioaccumulation (factor): A measure of the uptake and retention of a substance by an aquatic
organism from its surrounding media and food.
bioconcentration: The build-up of a chemical in plants and animals to levels above what is found in the
surroundings.
biodegradation: A measure of the ability of a substance to decompose through biological processes.
biodegrade: The process whereby a chemical is broken down or decomposes through biological
processes (e.g. by action of microorganisms) into other chemicals.
BOD Test (Biochemical Oxygen Demand): An empirical bioassay procedure that measures the
dissolved oxygen that microbial life consumes while assimilating and oxidizing the organic matter. [8]
BOD: Commonly referred to as the results of the test described above.
boiling point: Generally, the temperature at which a liquid rapidly becomes a vapor. Since the boiling
point is the temperature at which the liquid’s vapor pressure equals the surrounding atmospheric
pressure, the boiling point will vary with changes in atmospheric pressure. Mixtures do not normally have
a distinct boiling point.
bonding (equipotential bonding): Electrically connecting all metallic non-current carrying items in a
work area or building as protection from electric shock. See Glossary term “grounding”.
bradycardia: Slow heart rate.
184
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
bronchitis: Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes (larger air passages of the
lungs). It may be caused by disease, or physical or chemical irritants. Signs are generally that of a chest
cold and may also include chest pain and coughing. (Example lay language: inflammation of lungs.)
bulk density: Mass of solid material (e.g., powdered, granulated, pulverized, pelletized, etc.) per unit of
volume.
burning rate: The time it takes a sample of solid material to burn a prescribed distance. The results are
given in units of distance/time.
°C (degree Celsius): A unit of temperature where water boils at 100°C and freezes at 0°C. To convert
°C to °F, multiply the °C by 9/5 and add 32.
CAA (Clean Air Act): An air-quality statute administered by US Environmental Protection Agency.
CANUTEC (Canadian Transport Emergency Center): A national center established by Transport
Canada to assist emergency response personnel in handling dangerous goods emergencies. CANUTEC
has a 24-hour telephone number [613-996-6666 (collect calls accepted)] to help respond to chemical
transportation emergencies for companies who have registered with them for this service. Their
emergency response staff is bilingual (French and English).
carcinogen: A substance or agent that causes cancer based on human or relevant animal data. The
HCS defines a chemical as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen if NTP, IARC and/or OSHA (29 CFR
1910 subpart Z) establishes that a chemical is a carcinogen or a potential carcinogen. [10] Other
regulatory bodies (e.g., EPA) and non-governmental organizations (e.g., ACGIH) also identify and
classify carcinogens. See Standard Section 5.1.3.2.
cardiovascular: A term indicating the heart and blood vessels.
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CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) registry number (CASRN; CAS #): A unique numeric identifier that
is assigned to a substance by the Chemical Abstracts Service. A CAS # may be assigned to a single
substance with a specific structure (e.g., 74-82-8, methane), or to a complex and variable substance that
cannot be described in terms of a single structure (e.g., 90604-37-8, alcohols, C11-C15-branched).
caustic: See Glossary term “alkali”.
CAUTION: Signal word used in labeling that indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not
avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury. Also, see Glossary terms “DANGER” and “WARNING”
[9].
CC (closed cup): A test procedure used in flash point measurements using a closed cup.
ceiling value: The maximum airborne concentration for a biological or chemical agent that should not be
exceeded. Also see Glossary terms “PEL” and “TLV”.
central nervous system (CNS): The portion of the nervous system consisting of brain and spinal cord.
CEPA (Canadian Environmental Protection Act): The major Canadian federal environmental
protection legislation that combines several pieces of legislation to create a comprehensive approach to
the environmental protection of Canada. CEPA encompasses the life-cycle management approach to
chemicals and requires the compilation of the Domestic and Nondomestic Substances Lists (DSL and
NDSL respectively).
CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act): Also
referred to as “Superfund”. Administered by US EPA, CERCLA was created to address the past disposal
and clean up of inactive or abandoned hazardous waste sites.
CFR (Code of Federal Regulations): An annual publication of Federal agency regulations that have
been promulgated under United States Law. The CFR is divided into titles according to broad subject
matter categories (e.g. Title 29 – Labor, contains OSHA regulations and standards, including HCS; Title
40 – Protection of Environment, contains EPA regulations; Title 49 – Transportation, contains DOT
regulations). NOTE – New and revised regulations not yet published in the CFR are found in the Federal
Register.
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chemical: The term “chemical”, as used in this Standard, includes a single chemical substance or a
mixture of substances. Note: OSHA defines a chemical as any element, chemical compound or mixture
of elements and/or compounds. [10]
chemical family: A group of substances that have a similar chemical structure. Example: acetone,
methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) are members of the “ketone” family;
acrolein, furfural and acetaldehyde are members of the “aldehyde” family.
chemical manufacturer: An employer with a workplace where chemical(s) are produced for use or
distribution. [10]
chemical name: The scientific designation of a chemical in accordance with the nomenclature system
developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) or the Chemical Abstracts
Service (CAS) rules of nomenclature, or a name which will clearly identify the chemical for the purpose of
conducting a hazard evaluation. [10]
CHEMTREC (Chemical Transportation Emergency Center): A national center administered by the
American Chemistry Council (ACC) that provides 24-hour immediate emergency response information for
accidental chemical releases. CHEMTREC has a 24-hour toll-free telephone number (800-424-9300) for
shippers who register their products for emergency response service.
chronic effect: An adverse effect on a human or animal in which symptoms develop slowly and/or recur
frequently following chronic exposure. This also applies to persistent adverse health effects resulting from
short-term exposures. See also OSHA HCS, Appendix A. See Glossary terms “chronic exposure” and
“acute effect”.
chronic exposure: A continuous or repeated exposure (usually low level) to a substance over a
relatively long period of time. See Glossary term “acute exposure”.
chronic toxicity: Adverse (chronic) effects resulting from repeated doses of, or exposures to, a
substance over a prolonged period of time. [11] See Standard Section 5.1.
closed system: An engineering control method that uses equipment designed and operated to prevent
potential human exposure and release of a chemical into the environment.
CNS: Central nervous system.
combustible: A substance capable of fueling a fire. Also a term used to classify certain liquids on the
basis of their flashpoint. [11] See Glossary term “flammable”.
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combustible dust: A solid material composed of distinct particles or pieces, regardless of size, shape, or
chemical composition, which presents a fire or deflagration hazard when suspended in air or some other
oxidizing medium over a range of concentrations. See Glossary term “explosive dust”.
combustible liquid:
ANSI: Any liquid having a flash point above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93.3°C). Note, however,
that a flammable liquid with flash point at or above 100°F (38°C) but not more than 140°F (60°C) may
be considered a “combustible liquid” for purposes of this Standard if it meets the DOT requirements
for “combustible liquid” [See 49 CFR 173.120(b)(2)].
OSHA: Any liquid having a flash point at or above 100°F (37.8°C), but below 200°F (93.3°C), except
any mixture having components with flash points of 200°F (93.3°C) or higher, the total volume of
which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture. [10]
DOT: Any liquid that does not meet the definition of any other [DOT] hazard class and has a flash
point above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C). Flammable liquids with a flash point at or above
100°F (38°C) that do not meet the definition of any other hazard class may be reclassed as
combustible liquids. [12]
common name: Any designation or identification such as code name, code number, trade name, brand
name or generic name used to identify a chemical other than by its chemical name. [10] For example, the
common name for dimethyl ketone is acetone. See Glossary term “identity”.
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compartment: See Glossary term “environmental medium/media”.

component: A single chemical substance (e.g. methanol), or a complex and variable substance that
cannot be described in terms of a single structure but under certain conditions can be considered as a
single entity (e.g. alcohols, C11-C15-branched).
compressed gas:
(OSHA)
(i) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at
70°F (21.1°C); OR
(ii) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at
130°F (54.4°C) regardless of the pressure at 70°F (21.1°C); OR
(iii) A liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100°F (37.8°C) as determined by ASTM
D323-72. [10]
(DOT)
compressed gas (nonflammable, nonpoisonous compressed gas-including compressed gas,
liquefied gas, pressurized cryogenic gas in solution, asphyxiant gas and oxidizing gas): Any
material (or mixture) which (1) exerts in the packaging an absolute pressure of 280 kPa (41 psia)
at 68°F and (2) does not meet the definition of Division 2.1 or 2.3. [12].
compressed gas (liquefied): A gas which in a packaging under the charged pressure, is partially
liquid at a temperature of 68°F (20°C). [12].
compressed gas (non-liquefied): A gas, other than in solution, which in a packaging under the
charged pressure, is entirely gaseous at a temperature of 68°F (20°C). [12]
conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the eyelid and covering the eyeball.
(Example lay language: eye irritation.)
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consumer commodity: (DOT) A material that is packaged and distributed in a form intended or suitable
for sale through retail sales agencies or instrumentalities for consumption by individuals for purposes of
personal care or household use. This term also includes drugs and medicines. [13]
container: Any bag, barrel, bottle, box, can, cylinder, drum, reaction vessel, storage tank, or the like that
contains a hazardous chemical. Pipes or piping systems and engines, fuel tanks or other operating
systems in a vehicle, are not considered to be containers. [10]
cornea: Outer fibrous part of the eyeball which covers the iris and pupil. [14]
corrosive:
(OSHA) A chemical that causes visible destruction of, or irreversible alterations in, living tissue by
chemical action at the site of contact. This term shall not refer to action on inanimate surfaces. [6]
(DOT) Corrosive material means a liquid or solid that causes full thickness destruction in human skin
at the site of contact within a specified period of time, or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on
steel or aluminum based on the criteria in 49 CFR 173.137(c)(2).
CPR: Canadian Controlled Products Regulations.
CPR: Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation.
CPSA (Consumer Product Safety Act): The umbrella statute of the Consumer Product Safety
Commission. It established the agency and defines its basic authority.
critical temperature (Tc): The temperature at and above which vapor of a substance cannot be
liquefied, no matter how much pressure is applied.
cryogenic liquid: (DOT) A refrigerated liquefied gas having a boiling point colder than -130°F (-90°C) at
101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) absolute [13].
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cutaneous: See Glossary term “dermal”. [7] (Example lay language: of the skin.)
CWA (Clean Water Act): A water quality statute administered by the US EPA.
cyanosis: A bluish discoloration of skin and nails caused by a deficiency of oxygen in the blood.
DANGER: Signal word used in labeling that indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, will result in death or serious injury. This signal word is to be limited to the most extreme
situations. See Glossary terms “CAUTION” and “WARNING.” [9]
dangerously reactive chemical: A chemical that falls within any of the following categories: a chemical
that undergoes a violent self-accelerating exothermic reaction with common materials or by itself, or
under conditions of shock/impact, pressure or temperature; or a chemical that reacts with common
materials (such as air, moisture) or reacts with itself, to release a gas or a type or in quantities that
present an immediate hazard.
dangerous when wet: A DOT term that is synonymous with “water reactive material”. See Glossary
term “water reactivity”.
DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration, US Department of Justice): America’s primary drug law
enforcement agency.
decomposition: Breakdown of a material or substance (by heat, chemical reaction, electrolysis, decay
or other processes) into parts or elements or simpler compounds. [7]
delayed hazard: The inherent property of a chemical to cause an adverse effect that manifests itself
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after a relatively long period of time following exposure. Chronic effects such as carcinogenicity,
teratogenicity and certain target organ/system effects are examples of delayed hazards. See Standard
Section 5.1.
density: The mass (weight) per unit volume of a substance.
deposition: For environmental purposes, entrance of a substance into any environmental media.
dermal: Relating to the skin. [7]
dermatitis: Inflammation, irritation or reddening of the skin. [11]
developmental effects (developmental toxicity): (EPA) Effects of a substance on developing
organisms following exposure to the pregnant females, including death, structural abnormalities or altered
growth, and maternal effects. See Glossary term “developmental toxicity”.
developmental toxicity: Broadly defined to include any effect interfering with normal development and
includes embryotoxic/fetotoxic effects, teratogenic effects or other effects that occur before and after birth.
See Standard Section 5.1.3.3. See also Glossary term “teratogen”.
(EPA): Adverse effects on the developing organism that may result from exposure prior to conception
(either parent), during prenatal development, or postnatally until the time of sexual maturation. The
major manifestations of developmental toxicity include death of the developing organism, structural
abnormality, altered growth, and functional deficiency. [15]
distributor: (OSHA) A business other than a chemical manufacturer or importer, which supplies
hazardous chemicals to other distributors or to employers. [10]
DOT (Department of Transportation): The United States’ Federal agency with the primary regulatory
and enforcement authority, regarding the transport (by air, land, and water) of hazardous materials.
DSL (Domestic Substance List): A list of chemical substances that may be used commercially in
Canada.
dust: Solid particles generated by handling, crushing, grinding, rapid impact, detonation or decrepitation
of organic or inorganic materials, such as rock, ore, metal, coal, wood, and grain. Dusts do not tend to
flocculate, except under electrostatic forces; they do not diffuse in air but settle under the influence of
gravity. [18] See Glossary terms “combustible dust” and “explosive dust.”
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dysplasia: Abnormal development or growth of an organ, tissues, or cells.

dyspnea: Difficulty in breathing; labored breathing or shortness of breath often associated with lung or
heart disease.
EC50 (effective concentration): A calculated value, derived experimentally, which represents a
concentration that would affect 50% of the tested population. Compare to Glossary term “IC50”.
ecotoxicity: The potential of a chemical to cause a toxic effect on an environmental organism other than
humans.
ED50 (effective dose): The calculated dose, derived experimentally, which would produce a specified
effect in 50% of the test population.
edema: Presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in intercellular spaces of body tissues. [16]
Swelling of tissues or cells.
EDI (Electronic Data Interchange): A standardized format for transmitting information electronically.
EEC (European Economic Community): Former name of the European Union (EU).
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EINECS (European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances): A static list of chemical substances,
identified by EINECS and CAS Registry Numbers that were in the European Union market between
January 1, 1971, and September 18, 1981.
ELINCS (European List of Notified Chemical Substances): A dynamic list of chemical substances,
identified by EINECS Numbers, on which notifications have been made to the European Union since
September 18, 1981.
employee: (OSHA) A worker who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under normal operating
conditions or in foreseeable emergencies. [10]
employer: (OSHA) A person engaged in a business where chemicals are either used, distributed, or are
produced for use or distribution, including a contractor or subcontractor. [6]
ENCS (Existing and New Chemical Substances): A list of chemical substances that may be used
commercially in Japan.
environmental fate: The expected result when a chemical is released to the air, water or soil.
environmental medium (media): Segment(s) or “compartment(s)” of the environment (e.g., air, water,
soil, or sediment).
environmental hazard: The adverse effects (measured as ecotoxicity) that may result from exposures
(related to persistence and bioaccumulation potential) to a chemical or physical agent present in the
environment.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency): A US Federal agency with regulatory and enforcement
authority on environmental matters. Administers FIFRA, CWA, CAA, RCRA, TSCA, CERCLA and other
environmentally related acts. [7]
EPCRA: Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act; See Glossary term “SARA Title III”.
epidemiological: That which is related to epidemiology.
epidemiology: The branch of science concerned with the study of disease incidence and distribution in a
general population.
epistaxis: Nosebleed; hemorrhage from the nose. [14]
erythema: Redness of the skin.
EU (European Union): Successor governmental body of the European Economic Community (EEC).
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explosive:
(OSHA): A chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous, release of pressure, gas and heat
when subjected to sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature. [6]
(DOT): Any substance or article, including a device, which is designed to function by explosion (i.e.,
an extremely rapid release of gas and heat) or which, by chemical reaction within itself, is able to
function in a similar manner even if not designed to function by explosion.
explosive dust: A combustible dust that with confinement and in the presence of a suitable ignition
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source will explode when suspended in air in adequate concentrations. See US CSB, 2005. See also
Glossary term “combustible dust”.
explosive limits: Also known as "flammable limits." See Glossary term “flammable limits”.
exposure: (OSHA): Exposure or exposed means that an employee is subjected in the course of
employment to a hazardous chemical that is a physical or health hazard and includes potential (e.g.,
accidental or possible) exposure. “Subjected” in terms of health hazard includes any route of entry (e.g.,
inhalation, ingestion, skin contact or absorption). [6]
extremely flammable liquid: Any liquid having a flash point less than 20°F (-6.7°C) or any liquid having
a flash point of less than 141°F (60.5°C) and a boiling point of less than 95°F (35°C).
extremely hazardous substance (EHS): A chemical identified by EPA under Section 302 of EPCRA
(SARA Title III) and listed in 40 CFR 355 Appendix A and B.
eye hazard: (OSHA) Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity. [6]
°F (degree Fahrenheit): A unit of temperature where water boils at 212°F and freezes at 32°F. [7] To
convert °F to °C, subtract 32, then multiply by 5/9.
FDA (Food & Drug Administration): The US Federal agency with regulatory and enforcement authority
regarding human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, the nation’s food supply,
cosmetics, and products that emit radiation.
first aid: Immediate medical or safety measures that can be administered to or self-administered by a
person who has been adversely exposed to a hazardous chemical. First aid can include measures such
as stopping the exposure and using materials generally available (e.g., water to flush eyes) to reduce or
eliminate adverse health effects.
flammable: A material that is easily ignited and burns with extreme rapidity. [11] See Glossary term
“combustible”.
flammable aerosol: An aerosol that, when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.45, yields a
flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening, or a flashback (a flame extending back to the
valve) at any degree of valve opening. [6]
flammable gas:
(OSHA): (a) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a flammable mixture with air at
a concentration of thirteen (13) percent by volume or less; or (b) A gas that, at ambient temperature
and pressure, forms a range of flammable mixtures with air wider than twelve (12) percent by volume,
regardless of the lower limit. [10]
(DOT): A material which is a gas at 68°F (20°C) or less and 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) of pressure. A
material which has a boiling point of 68°F (20°C) or less at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) and: a) is ignitable at
101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) when in a mixture of 13% or less by volume with air; or b) has a flammable
range at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) with air of at least 12% regardless of the lower limit. [12]
flammable liquid:
(OSHA): Liquid, flammable means any liquid having a flashpoint below 100°F (37.8°C) except any
mixture having components with flashpoints of 100°F (37.8°C) or higher, the total of which make up
99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture. [10]
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(DOT):
A flammable liquid (Class 3) means a liquid having a flash point of not more than 60°C (140°F) or
any material in a liquid phase with a flash point at or above 37.8°C (100°F) that is intentionally
heated and offered for transportation or transported at or above its flash point in a bulk
packaging, with the following exceptions:
(1) Any liquid meeting one of the definitions specified in 49 CFR 173.1115;
(2) Any mixture having one or more components with a flash point of 60°C (140°F) or higher, that
make up at least 99 percent of the total volume of the mixture, if the mixture is not offered for
transportation or transported at or above its flash point;
(3) Any liquid with a flash point greater than 35°C (95°F) which does not sustain combustion
according to ASTM D-4206. A procedure for determining if a material sustains combustion when
heated under test conditions and exposed to an external source of flame is provided in Appendix
H of this 49 CFR 173.120;
(4) Any liquid with a flash point greater than 35°C (95°F) and with a fire point greater than 100°C
(212°F) according to ISO 2592;
(5) Any liquid with a flash point greater than 35°C (95°F) which is in a water-miscible solution with
a water content of more than 90 percent by mass. [12]
flammable limits: Also known as "explosive limits." The range of concentration of a flammable gas or
vapor (percentage by volume in air) in which an explosion can occur upon ignition in a confined area. [4]
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The minimum and maximum concentrations of vapor in air below and above which propagation of flame
does not occur, usually expressed in terms of percent by volume of the vapor or gas in air.
Lower Flammable Limit (LFL): The lowest concentration of a flammable vapor or gas/air mixture that
will ignite and burn with a flame.
Upper Flammable Limit (UFL): The highest concentration of a flammable vapor or gas/air mixture that
will ignite and burn with a flame. [17]
flammable solid:
(OSHA): A solid, other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in 29 CFR 1910.109(a), that is
liable to cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained
heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited readily, and when ignited, burns so
vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. A chemical shall be considered to be a
flammable solid, if when tested by the method described in 16 CFR 1500.44, it ignites and burns with
a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an inch per second along its major axis. [6]
(DOT): See 49 CFR 173.124(a).
flash point: The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off a vapor in sufficient concentration to
ignite when tested by one of the following:
1. Tag closed cup tester (in accordance with ANSI/ASTM D56) is for liquids with a viscosity of below 5.5
centistokes at 104°F (40°C), or below 9.5 centistokes at 77°F (25°C) and a flash point below 200°F
(93°C) that do not contain suspended solids and that do not have a tendency to form a surface film
under test conditions.
2. Pensky-Martens closed cup tester (in accordance with ANSI/ASTM D93-02a) is for liquids with a
viscosity greater than 5.5 centistokes at 104°F (40°C) that contain suspended solids and that tend to
form a surface film under test conditions.
3. Setaflash closed-cup apparatus (in accordance with (ASTM D3278) is for liquids having flash points
between 32°F (0°C) and 230°F (110°C) and a viscosity lower than 150 stokes at 77°F (25°C).
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
For mixtures, if the result of the test by any of these methods is above 100°F (37.8°C), evaporate a fresh
sample to 90% of the original volume and retest. The lower of the two values shall be taken as the flash
point.
foreseeable emergency: (OSHA): Any potential occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment
failure, rupture of containers, or failure of control equipment which could result in an uncontrolled release
of a hazardous chemical into the workplace. [6]
formula, chemical: A written representation using symbols of a chemical entity or relationship. There
are several kinds of formulas: (1) Empirical. Expresses in simplest form the relative number and the kind
of atoms in a molecule of one or more compounds; it indicates composition only, not structure. (2)
Molecular. Shows the actual number and kind of atoms in a chemical entity (i.e., a molecule, group, or
ion). (3) Structural. Indicates the location of the atoms, groups, or ions relative to one another in a
molecule, as well as the number and location of the chemical bonds. (4) Generic. Expresses a
generalized type of organic compound in which the variables stand for the number of atoms or for the
kind of radical in a homologous series. (5) Electronic. A structural formula in which the bonds are
replaced by dots indicating electron pairs, a single bond being equivalent to one pair of electrons shared
by two atoms. [4]
freezing point: Temperature at which a liquid substance becomes a solid. See Glossary term “melting
point”.
fume: Airborne particulate formed by the condensation of solid particles from the gaseous state.
Usually, fumes are generated after initial volatilization from a combustion process, or from a melting
process (such as metal fume emitted during welding). Usually less than 1 micron in diameter. [18]
gastric lavage: Medical procedure involving irrigation or washing out of the stomach.
gavage: Forced feeding, especially through a tube passed into the stomach. [14]
gestation: The length of time from conception to birth; pregnancy.
GHS: The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals. Contains
harmonized classification criteria and hazard communication elements. See Annex B.
grounding (electrical ground): A direct electrical connection to the earth, or a common return path for
electrical current. See Glossary term “bonding”.
hazard: An inherent property of a chemical to cause harm. A chemical can be classified as a health
hazard, physical hazard and/or an environmental hazard. Hazards can be either immediate or delayed.
See Standard Section 3.1.
Hazard Communication Standard (HCS): An OSHA regulation issued under 29 CFR Part 1910.1200.
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It details the regulatory requirements for manufacturers, importers and employers regarding chemical
hazards evaluation, hazard communication and workplace training, and includes the prerequisites for
SDSs and chemical labeling in the workplace.
hazard determination: See Glossary term “hazard evaluation”.
hazard evaluation: The process of evaluating all relevant data and producing scientifically sound
conclusions that identify the specific hazards of a particular chemical(s). May also be called “hazard
determination”. See Standard Chapter 3.
hazardous: The capability of a chemical to produce an adverse effect on human health or the
environment based on the chemical’s inherent physical, chemical, and toxicological properties. Note also
that the term “hazardous” may be used in conjunction with other words (e.g., “hazardous chemical”,
“hazardous material”, etc) that are defined by many laws and regulations including OSHA (29 CFR), DOT
(49 CFR), CERCLA (40 CFR) and RCRA (40 CFR).
hazardous chemical: Any chemical which presents a physical, health and/or environmental hazard. [10]
hazardous polymerization: An uncontrolled polymerization reaction (see glossary term) that generates
and releases dangerous amounts of heat and pressure. Such reactions may be initiated by chemical
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catalysts or physical agents such as heat or radiation (including sunlight). Such reactions may occur in
reaction vessels or in other containers (including shipping containers).
HCS: See Glossary term “Hazard Communication Standard”.
health hazard: A chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study
conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may
occur in exposed employees. The term, health hazard, includes chemicals that are carcinogens, toxic or
highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins,
neurotoxins, agents that act on the hematopoietic system and agents that damage the lungs, skin, eyes,
or mucous membranes. [10]
hematopoietic system: System responsible for the formation of blood cells.
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Henry’s Law Constant: The value (H) at a given temperature that is indicative of the volatility of the
substance. Henry’s law states that the mass of a soluble gas that dissolves in a finite mass of liquid at a
given temperature is very nearly directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas. This means that
the Henry’s law constant (H) can be related to solubility and vapor pressure at a given temperature.
hepato-: Prefix meaning the liver.
hepatotoxin: A substance that can cause liver damage. [6]
Highly toxic chemical: See Standard Sections 3.3.1.3.1, -4.1, -5.1.
(OSHA) A chemical that falls within any of the following categories:
- A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD(50)) of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram
of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300
grams each.
- A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD(50)) of 200 milligrams or less per
kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if
death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between two
and three kilograms each.
- A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC(50)) in air of 200 parts per million
by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust,
when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within
one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
HMIS®: (Hazardous Material Information System): A system, developed by the National Paint and
Coatings Association, designed to inform workers of the hazards of the chemicals they use and of means
of protecting themselves from those hazards. It uses a numerical rating to indicate the level of hazard. It
addresses acute health, flammability and physical hazards.
HMIS (Department of Defense Hazardous Materials Information System): A data repository of SDS
information maintained by the Defense General Supply Center.
hydrolysis: A chemical decomposition by which a compound is split into other compounds by reacting
with water; decomposition in the environment via reaction with water.
hypersensitivity: The condition where the body is excessively sensitive (overreacts) to the effects of a
substance (e.g., skin exposure to nickel may cause the immune system to become hypersensitive and
cause an allergic reaction). The hypersensitive response may be immediate (within minutes after
exposure to substance) or delayed (hours after exposure).
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer): A scientific panel of the World Health
Organization (WHO) that evaluates and classifies the carcinogenic potential of chemicals and processes.
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IC50 (inhibition concentration): A calculated concentration, derived experimentally, at which a

substance would inhibit or prevent a specific effect in 50% of the tested population. Compare to Glossary
term “EC50”.
identity: Any chemical or common name which is indicated on the safety data sheet (SDS) for the
chemical. The identity used shall permit cross-references to be made among the required list of
hazardous chemicals, the label and the SDS. [10] See Glossary terms “common name” and “specific
chemical identity”.
IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health):
(OSHA) An atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible health
effects, or would impair an individual’s ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere. 29 CFR
1910.120.
(NIOSH) Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health. A condition that poses a threat of exposure to
airborne contaminants when that exposure is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed
permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such environment. NIOSH Respirator
Decision Logic (DHHS [NIOSH] Publication No. 87-108, NTIS Publication No. PB-91-151183),
IM (intramuscular): Injection into a muscle. A route of administration.
immediate hazard: The inherent property of a chemical to cause an adverse effect that manifests itself
soon after exposure. As used in this Standard, immediate hazard includes acute toxicity and physical
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hazards. See Glossary terms “acute toxicity” and “physical hazard”.

immediate health effects: Adverse health effects that manifest themselves soon after an acute
exposure. See Standard Section 5.1.
importer: The first business with employees within the Customs Territory of the United States, which
receives hazardous chemicals produced in other countries for the purpose of supplying them to
distributors or employers within the United States. [10]
incompatible: Materials that could cause dangerous reactions by direct contact with one another. [7]
When such materials or classes of chemicals react with other materials or substances, a hazardous
situation could result, causing fire, explosion or the formation of toxic materials. See Standard Section
9.10.3.
inflammable: A synonym of flammable. Sometimes erroneously interpreted as “not flammable”. The term
“flammable” should be used instead of “inflammable” to avoid confusion that could potentially cause
catastrophic effects, injury or death.
ingestion: The taking of a substance into the body (stomach) through the mouth; swallowing. [11]
inhalation: The breathing in of air, gas, vapor, mist, fume or suspended particulates.
in silico: Mathematical modeling based on chemical structure to predict biological, toxicological and
physiochemical activity of a substance. See Glossary terms SAR or QSAR.
intubation: To insert a tube into a hollow organ or body passage, such as the larynx or trachea.
in vitro: Experiments with cells or tissues from organisms conducted outside of the organism.
in vivo: Experiments in living organisms.
IP (intraperitoneal): Injection into the peritoneal cavity. A route of administration.
iris: Circular pigmented membrane between the cornea and lens, perforated by the pupil. [14]
iritis: Inflammation of the iris, usually marked by pain, congestion of the ciliary region, photophobia,
contraction of the pupil and discoloration of the iris. [14]
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irritant: A non-corrosive chemical that causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by
chemical action at the site of contact. Irritants can affect the eyes, skin, respiratory and digestive tracts.
See Standard Section 5.1.1.2.
(OSHA) A chemical is an eye irritant if determined by using the procedures in 16 CFR 1500.42 or
other appropriate techniques.
Also, note that according to OSHA, an irritant is a non-corrosive chemical, which causes a reversible
inflammatory effect on living tissue at the site of contact (e.g., eyes, skin, or respiratory tract). This
may include defatting agents, which by removal of natural skin oils, cause irritation following
prolonged or repeated exposure. Materials with Draize skin tests scores below two are not generally
considered skin irritants, while scores of five or above generally indicate severe skin irritants. The
degree of irritation is determined by using recognized guidelines or other appropriate techniques. [3]
(See 16 CFR 1500.41, 16 CFR 1500.42 and the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Number
404 and 405).
irritation: Condition caused by an irritant that is manifested by redness, itching, discomfort, soreness,
roughness, or inflammation of a tissue.
ISO (The International Organization for Standardization): A non-governmental organization which,
since 1947, has published more than 16,000 international standards, ranging from activities such as
agriculture and construction, environmental (ISO 14000), quality (ISO 9000), to medical devices and
information technology. ISO 11014 is the standard for “Safety data sheet for chemical products —
Content and order of sections”.
IV (intravenous): Injection into a vein. A route of administration.
jaundice: A sign of liver damage, characterized by yellow appearance of the skin and eyes.
label: The display of written, printed, or graphic signs, pictures or symbols, which is intended to provide
information and which is affixed to, printed on, or attached to the immediate chemical container, as well
as on any outside packaging. Note: The HCS defines “label” as any written, printed, or graphic material
displayed on or affixed to containers of hazardous chemicals. [10]
labeling: A term which encompasses container labels and all other documents that contain
precautionary and hazard communication information. These other documents may include SDS, product
literature, technical brochures, training materials, process standards and other types of communication.
lacrimation: Excessive discharge of tears.
lacrimator: A material that causes excessive tearing of the eyes either from direct contact or vapors.
(Example lay language: chemical that causes tearing.)
lay language: The use of words to communicate chemical hazards and precautions so that safety,
health or environmental information can be easily understood by the person in the workplace and by the
public without any special training.
LC50 (lethal concentration): The calculated concentration of chemical in the air or water that causes
death to 50 percent of the animals. An LC50 is similar to LD50, but is used when the dose received by the
animal is not known. When animals are exposed to chemicals via the air they breathe or in the water in
which they live, the precise dose that is absorbed into the body is unknown. The results of acute
inhalation studies and/or acute aquatic toxicity studies are therefore reported as an LC50, not an LD50.
LCLO (lethal concentration low): The lowest concentration of a substance in air which has been
reported to have caused death in humans or animals. The reported concentrations may be entered for
periods of exposure that are less than 24 hours (acute) or greater than 24 hours (subacute and chronic).
LD50 (lethal dose): A single calculated dose of a material expected to kill 50 percent of a group of test
animals. The LD50 dose is usually expressed as milligrams or grams of material per kilogram of animal
body weight (mg/kg or g/kg). The material may be administered by mouth or applied to the skin. [7]
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LDLO (lethal dose low): The lowest dose of a substance introduced by a route, other than inhalation,
over any given period of time in one or more divided portions and reported to have caused death in
humans or animals. [19]
LEL or LFL (lower explosive limit, or lower flammable limit, of a vapor or gas): The lowest
concentration (lowest percentage of the substance in air) that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition
source (heat, arc, or flame) is present. [7] Compare to Glossary term “UEL”.
lethargy: A lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness and apathy. [14]
(Example lay language: fatigue or slowness, tiredness.)
liquefied compressed gas: See Glossary term “compressed gas”.
local health effect: An adverse health effect that occurs primarily at the site of contact or exposure. See
Standard Section 5.1.
LOAEL (lowest observed adverse effect level): Lowest observed dose level at which a substance
produces an adverse effect in a given experimental study.
LOEL (lowest observed effect level): Lowest observed dose level at which a substance produces an
effect in a given experimental study.
malaise: A feeling of general discomfort, distress, or uneasiness, an out-of-sorts feeling. [7]
material: All types of classifications of chemicals, such as products, raw materials, isolated
manufacturing intermediates, as well as hazardous and non-hazardous chemicals. Also included are
items that may normally be considered non-hazardous, but may give off hazardous chemicals during
customary and reasonably foreseeable use and emergencies, handling and storage; such items are not
subject to the article exemption under the HCS (29 CFR 1910.1200).
mechanical irritation: Irritation of the skin (or other tissues) caused by the physical forces of a solid
substance directed against tissue (e.g. scratching, abrading, chafing, cutting).
melting point: The melting point or freezing point of a pure substance is the temperature at which its
solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure. The terms melting point and freezing
point are often used interchangeably, depending on whether the substance is being heated or cooled.
METI: Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
mineralization: In environmental terms, the final result of ultimate biodegradation; complete conversion
of the substance to basic compounds such as carbon dioxide, water and inorganic compounds.
mist: Liquid droplets suspended in air generated by condensation from the gaseous to the liquid state or
by breaking up a liquid into a dispersed state by splashing, foaming, atomizing, or the like.
mixture: A physical combination of two or more components whereby the individual components do not
chemically react with each other. Note: The HCS defines a “mixture” as any combination of two or more
chemicals if the combination is not, in whole or in part, the result of a chemical reaction. [10]
molecular formula: See Glossary term “formula, chemical”.
molecular weight: Weight (mass) of a molecule based on the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms
that make up the molecule. [7]
MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet. See Glossary term “SDS”.
mutagen: A substance or agent capable of altering the genetic material in a living cell. [1] See Standard
Section 5.1.3.4.
NAERG (North American Emergency Response Guide): A safety reference book, commonly referred to
as the ERG, that is intended for use by firefighters, police, and other emergency responders who may be
the first to arrive at the scene of a transportation incident involving dangerous goods. The guide is
intended to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards involved in the
incident and protecting themselves and the general public. (NAERG 2008 ed, p2).
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narcosis: A state of stupor, unconsciousness, or arrested activity produced by the influence of narcotics
or other chemicals. [7]
narcotic: A material that produces stupor, insensibility and sometimes unconsciousness.
nausea: Tendency to vomit, feeling of sickness at the stomach. [7]
NCI (National Cancer Institute): A branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), one of eight
agencies that compose the Public Health Service (PHS) in the Department of Health and Human
Services (DHHS). Established under the National Cancer Institute Act of 1937, it is the Federal
Government's principal agency for cancer research and training.
NDSL (Non-Domestic Substances List): An inventory of substances that are not on the DSL but are
accepted as being in commercial use in the United States. Substances for which the US EPA has
implemented risk management measures, and those on the confidential portion of the TSCA Inventory,
are not automatically included in the updates of the NDSL. NDSL substances are subject to chemical
inventory notification but with reduced information requirements.
necrosis: Death of tissue. Corrosive chemicals may cause localized tissue damage at site of contact,
which may lead to permanent damage and scarring. (Example lay language: tissue destruction)
neoplasia: The uncoordinated growth of abnormal cells which is more rapid than of other tissues,
forming benign or malignant tumors. (Hodgson, 1988)
nephrotoxin: A material that may cause adverse effects and potential injury to the kidneys.
neural: Describing a nerve or the nervous system.
neuritis: Inflammation of a nerve, pain, and tenderness, anesthesia and paresthesia, paralysis, wasting
and disappearance of the reflexes. [14]
neurotoxin: A material that affects the nerve cells and may produce emotional or behavioral
abnormalities. [7]
neutralize: To eliminate potential hazards by inactivating strong acids, caustics and oxidizers. For
example, acids can be neutralized by adding an appropriate amount of caustic substance to the spill. [7]
NFPA (National Fire Protection Association): An international membership organization focused on
promoting and improving fire protection/prevention and establishing safeguards against loss of life and
property by fire. The NFPA establishes more than 300 scientifically based consensus codes and
standards. The “Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code” (NFPA 30) and the “Standard System for the
Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response” (NFPA 704) may be helpful to
authors of hazardous workplace chemical labeling.
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health): Part of the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention in the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS); a
Federal agency which, in addition to other activities, tests and certifies respiratory protective devices and
air sampling detector tubes, recommends occupational exposure limits for various substances, and
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assists OSHA in occupational safety and health investigations and research. [11]
NOAEL (No observed adverse effect level): The highest dose level of a substance that causes no
observed adverse effects in a given experimental study.
NOEC (No observed effect concentration): The highest concentration of a substance that causes no
observed effects in a given experimental study.
NOEL (No observed effect level): The highest dose level of a substance that causes no observed
effects in a given experimental study.
NRC (National Response Center): The sole federal point of contact for reporting oil and chemical spills
released to all types of media. Spills are reported using NRC’s toll-free number 1-800-424-8802 or non-
toll-free 202-267-2675. The NRC operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
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NTP (National Toxicology Program): A United States federal interagency program whose mission is to
evaluate agents of public health concern. NTP oversees the external scientific evaluation of substances
nominated for listing in or de-listing from the “Report on Carcinogens”. See Glossary term “RoC”.
octanol/water partition coefficient: A measure of environmental fate, specifically bioaccumulation and
bioconcentration (expressed as log KOW or log POW) that measures the ability of a chemical to be
absorbed in fatty tissues.
odor threshold: The lowest concentration of a substance in air that can be detected by the sense of
smell.
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development): An international organization
that, among other things, develops and publishes Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals.
oral: Used in or taken into the body through the mouth. See Glossary term “ingestion”.
organic peroxide:
(OSHA): An organic compound that contains the bivalent -O-O- structure and which may be
considered to be a structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of the hydrogen
atoms has been replaced by an organic radical.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the US Department of Labor): The US
Federal agency that regulates workplace safety and health for most US industries and businesses.
oxidizer:
(OSHA): “Oxidizer” means a chemical other than a blasting agent or explosive as defined in 29 CFR
1910.109 (a), that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials, thereby causing fire either of
itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases. [10]
(DOT): A material that may, generally, by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other
materials. [12]
partitioning: The separation of a material into environmental media, based on its physical properties.
See Glossary term “environmental medium (media)”.
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PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit): An occupational exposure limit established under Federal OSHA’s
regulatory authority (State-plan States may establish more stringent PELs). It is an air concentration that
is:
 an 8 hour time-weighted average (TWA); or

 a maximum never-to-be exceeded (CEILING); or
 a maximum never-to-be exceeded during any 15-minute period (STEL); or
 a maximum never-to-be exceeded during any other OSHA specified time period (PEAK).
Pensky-Martens Closed Cup (PMCC): A method for determining flash point. [7]
peripheral neuropathy: Functional disturbances and/or pathological changes in the nerves of the
extremities (hands, feet, arms and legs).
persistence: The length of time a compound may remain in the environment.
personal protection: The act of protecting the body against contact with known or anticipated chemical
or physical hazards. See Glossary term “PPE”.
pH: A dimensionless number that represents the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of an aqueous solution.
A pH of 7 is neutral. Numbers increasing from 7 to 14 indicate greater alkalinity. Numbers decreasing
from 7 to 0 indicate greater acidity.
photolysis: Decomposition of a chemical via sunlight.
photophobia: Intolerance/aversion to light.
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physical hazard: A chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid,
compressed gas, explosive, flammable, organic peroxide, oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive), or
water-reactive. Other properties that may contribute to the physical hazard should be considered. See
Standard Section 4.1.
physical state: Physical form and shape (liquid, crystal, powder, gas, etc.) of a chemical.
placenta: Structure through which the mammalian fetus receives nourishment from maternal blood, and
through which it eliminates waste products. (Hodgson, 1988)
pneum(o)-: Combining form denoting relationship to (a) respiration, (b) the lungs, (c) air, (d) pneumonia.
[14]
pneumoconiosis: A condition of the lung in which there is permanent deposition of particulate matter
and the tissue reaction to its presence.
pneumonitis: Inflammation of the lungs. [18]
poison: Substance that, taken into or formed within the organism, impairs the health of the organism and
may kill it. [20] A highly toxic chemical. See Standard Sections 5.1.1.3.1, -4.1, -5.1. Also, see Glossary
term “poisonous material”.
poisonous material:
(DOT) A material, other than a gas, which is known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to
health during transportation, or which, in the absence of adequate data on human toxicity:
(1) Is presumed to be toxic to humans because it falls into one of the following categories when
tested on laboratory animals (whenever possible, animal test data that has been reported in the
chemical literature should be used):
a) Oral toxicity. A liquid with an LD50 for acute oral toxicity of not more than 500 mg/kg or a solid
with an LD50 for acute oral toxicity of not more than 200 mg/kg.
b) Dermal toxicity. A material with an LD50 for acute dermal toxicity of not more than 1,000 mg/kg:
c) Inhalation toxicity.
1) A dust or mist with an LC50 for acute toxicity on inhalation of not more than10 mg/L; or
2) A material with a saturated vapor concentration in air at 20°C (68°F) of more than one-fifth
of the LC50 for acute toxicity on inhalation of vapors and with an LC50 for acute toxicity on
inhalation of vapors of not more than 5,000 ml/m3; or
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(2) Is an irritating material, with properties similar to tear gas, which causes extreme irritation,
especially in confined spaces. [12]
polymer: Chemical material composed of repeating molecular structural units.
polymerization: A chemical reaction in which two or more small molecules combine to form larger
molecules (polymers) that contain repeating structural units of the original molecules. See Glossary term
“hazardous polymerization”.
POTW (Publicly Owned Treatment Works): A treatment works as defined by section 212 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, also known as the Clean Water Act, which is owned by a State or
municipality. This definition includes any devices and systems used in the storage, treatment, recycling
and reclamation of municipal sewage or industrial wastes of a liquid nature. It also includes sewers,
pipes and other conveyances only if they convey wastewater to a POTW Treatment Plant. 40 CFR
403(q).
PPE: Personal Protection Equipment. Clothing or devices worn by a worker to prevent exposure to
hazards in the workplace. Examples include respirators, gloves, safety glasses, chemical-resistant
clothing, etc.
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precautionary labeling: Hazard warning statements and other precautionary statements used in
hazard communication. See Standard Chapter 11.
precautionary statements: Statements used in SDS or on a label that advise the reader about what
steps to take in order to avoid a hazard. Also see Standard Sections 1.2 and 11.7.
pressure-generating chemical: A chemical that falls within any of the following categories: (a) a
chemical that may present a pressure hazard typically over time by decomposition and/or spontaneous
polymerization; (b) a chemical that is used to pressurize the contents of a self-pressurized container.
product name: The name under which a product is sold. See Glossary term “identity”.
psi (pounds per square inch): Unit of pressure representing the pressure a substance exerts on the
walls of a vessel or container.
psia (pounds per square inch atmosphere): Unit of measure used for “absolute pressure” where the
psi measured is the gauge pressure plus atmospheric (barometric) pressure. Absolute pressure is zero
only in a perfect vacuum.
psig (pounds per square inch gauge): Unit of measure used for “gauge pressure” where the psi
measured is the pressure in excess of that exerted by the atmosphere. The pressure gauge reading after
the gauge is adjusted to read zero at the surrounding atmospheric pressure.
pS/m (picosiemans/meter): A unit of electrical conductance; a measure of how easily electricity flows
through an electrical element. A picosiemans is one trillionth (10-12) of a siemans. A siemans is the
reciprocal of resistance; one siemans is equal to the reciprocal of one ohm and is sometimes referred to
as the mho.
pulmonary edema: A build-up of fluid in the lungs.
pyrolysis: Transformation of a compound into one or more other substances by heat alone, i.e., without
oxidation. It is thus similar to destructive distillation. Though the term implies decomposition into smaller
fragments, pyrolytic change may also involve isomerization and formation of higher molecular weight
compounds. [4]
pyrophoric: A chemical that will ignite spontaneously in air at a temperature of 130°F (54.4°C) or below.
[10] See Glossary term “spontaneously combustible material”.
pyrophoric material: A liquid or solid that, even in small quantities and without an external ignition
source, can ignite within five (5) minutes after coming in contact with air when tested in accordance with
UN Manual of Tests and Criteria [21]. See Glossary term “spontaneously combustible material”.
QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship): An analytical method used to predict the toxic
effects based on the quantitative analysis/comparison of molecular structure and pharmacological activity
of a substance with known toxicological properties to a similar substance with unknown properties. Also
see Glossary term “SAR”.
R and S phrases (Risk and Safety): Also known as R/S numbers, R/S phrases and R/S statements.
R/S phrases are an EU system of hazard codes and phrases for labeling dangerous chemicals and
compounds. The R/S phrases are letter-number combinations assigned to a substance or preparation
(mixture) and consists of a risk part (R) and a safety part (S). An R/S phrase letter/number combination
has the same meaning in different languages.
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act): A statute enacted in 1976 that is administered by
US EPA, RCRA was created to regulate the treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous chemical
waste.
reactive: See Glossary term “unstable”.
reactivity: Chemical reaction with the release of energy. The tendency of a substance to undergo a
chemical change with the release of energy. Undesirable effects (pressure buildup, temperature increase,
formation of noxious, toxic, or corrosive by-products) may occur because of a reaction to heating,
burning, direct contact with other materials, or other conditions when in use or in storage. [11]
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reducing agent: In a reduction reaction (which always occurs simultaneously with an oxidation reaction),
the chemical or substance that (1) combines with oxygen or (2) loses electrons to the reaction. [7]
refrigerant gas or dispersant gas:
(DOT) All nonpoisonous refrigerant gases, dispersant gases (fluorocarbons) and mixtures thereof, or
any other compressed gas having a vapor pressure greater than or equal to 1792 kPa (260 psi) at
130°F (54°C) and restricted for use as a refrigerant, dispersant, or blowing agent. [13]
registry number: See Glossary term “CAS registry number”.
reproductive toxicant: Chemical that adversely affects male or female fertility and may include damage
to reproductive organs. See Standard Section 5.1.3.3. Also note: HCS Appendix A defines
“reproductive toxins” as chemicals that affect the reproductive capabilities, including chromosomal
damage (mutagens) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis). [10]
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residue:
(DOT) Means the hazardous material remaining in packaging, including a tank car, after its contents
have been unloaded to the maximum extent practicable and before the packaging is either refilled or
cleaned of hazardous material and purged to remove any hazardous vapors. [13]
respiratory: Related to breathing.
respiratory sensitizer:
(GHS) A substance that will induce hypersensitivity of the airways following inhalation of the
substance. [22]
responsible party: Someone who can provide additional information on the hazardous chemical and
appropriate emergency procedures, if necessary. [10]
risk assessment: The process for evaluating hazard and exposure information in order to estimate the
probability that a chemical will cause an adverse effect under specific exposure conditions. See Standard
Section 3.
RoC (Report on Carcinogens): An informational scientific and public health document that identifies
agents, substances, mixtures, or exposure circumstances that may pose a hazard to human health by
virtue of their carcinogenicity. The RoC is published by NTP and compiles data on carcinogenicity,
genotoxicity (ability to damage genes), and biologic mechanisms of the listed substance in humans
and/or animals. See Glossary term “NTP”.
routes of exposure: The means by which a chemical may gain access to the body, for example, through
the gastrointestinal tract (ingestion), lungs (inhalation), skin (topical) or eyes.
RQ (reportable quantity):
(CERCLA): The quantity of a substance designated under CERCLA as hazardous, the release of
which requires notification to the National Response Center, (800) 424-8802. [23]
(DOT): Reportable quantity means the quantity specified for a substance in the Appendix to the
Hazardous Materials Table. [13]
(SARA): Reportable quantity means the quantity specified in Title III, section 304, which requires
specific reporting.
RTECS (Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances): Published by NIOSH, RTECS is a
compendium of the known toxic and biological effects of chemical substances. [19] See Glossary term
“NIOSH”.
SADT (self-accelerating decomposition temperature): The SADT is the lowest temperature at which
self-accelerating decomposition of an organic peroxide may occur in the packaging as used in transport.
Organic peroxides with SADT values below 50ºC are temperature controlled for transport and storage.
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SAR (structure-activity relationship): A subjective method used to predict the toxic effects of an
untested substance based on the similarity of its molecular structure and composition to that of another
substance with known toxicological properties. See Glossary term “QSAR”.
SARA Title III: Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 also known as
the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). It requires extensive submission
of information about hazardous chemicals to EPA, states and local communities and establishes a
national program of emergency planning. Administered by EPA.
SDS: Safety Data Sheet.
SDWA (Safe Drinking Water Act): A US federal statute enacted in 1974 to regulate the nation’s public
drinking water supply.
self-heating material: A material that, when in contact with air and without an energy supply, is liable to
self-heat. A material of this type which exhibits spontaneous ignition or if the temperature of the sample
exceeds 200°C during the 24-hour test period when tested in accordance with paragraph 3.b(1) of
Appendix E to 49 CFR 173.124. [13]
sensitization: Immune process whereby individuals become hypersensitive to substances such as
pollen, animal dander or other agents that make them develop a potentially harmful allergy when they are
subsequently exposed to the sensitizing material (allergen).
sensitizer: A chemical that, following an initial exposure, causes a substantial proportion of exposed
humans or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue upon subsequent exposure to that
chemical. See Standard Section 5.1.2.
signal word: Word used in labeling to indicate the relative degree of severity of an immediate hazard.
They are used in diminishing order of severity: DANGER, WARNING, and CAUTION.[9] See Standard
Section 11.4.
silicosis: A disease of the lungs (fibrosis) caused by the inhalation of silica dust. [7] See Glossary term
“pneumoconiosis”.
slurry: A liquid containing insoluble material in suspension.
solubility: The ability of a substance to be dissolved in another substance. Can be expressed as a
number describing the degree to which one material will dissolve in another. For example, a chemical's
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solubility in water can be expressed as the number of grams of the chemical that will dissolve in 100 mL
of water, or as grams per Liter, or as weight percent at ambient temperature.
solution: Any homogeneous liquid mixture of two or more chemical compounds or elements that will not
undergo any segregation under conditions normal to transportation. [2]
specific chemical identity: The chemical name, CAS #, or any other information that reveals the
precise chemical designation of the substance. [10] See Glossary term “identity”.
specific gravity: The ratio of the density of a material to the density of water at a given temperature.
Also the ratio of the density of a vapor or gas as compared to the density of air at a specified temperature.
splash filling: The process of filling a tank (or container) where a liquid enters the top of the tank by way
of piping and falls freely to the liquid surface in the tank.
spontaneously combustible material: DOT term used for “pyrophoric material” and “self-heating
material.” See Glossary term “pyrophoric material”.
SQ: See Glossary term “Subcutaneous”.
stability: The ability of a substance to remain unchanged (i.e., not decomposed or chemically modified)
under specific conditions of use or storage.
Standard: This standard, known as ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010, also known as the “American National
Standard for Hazardous Workplace Chemicals – Hazard Evaluation and Safety Data Sheet and
Precautionary Labeling Preparation.”
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static accumulating flammable liquid: A substance which can accumulate an electrostatic charge and
retain that charge for significant period of time. Non-conductive substances retain charges because the
charges cannot flow through or across the substance to ground. Ungrounded conductive objects are also
static accumulators. Static accumulating flammable liquids are generally found in the more highly refined
products. From the Hazards of Electricity and Static Electricity, BP Process Safety Series, IChemE, page
8, (2006)
static accumulator: See Glossary term “static accumulating flammable liquid.”
static discharge (electrostatic discharge): A rapid discharge of accumulated electrical charge on an
insulated body or object that comes in contact with another object. The discharge can also occur when a
high electrostatic field develops between two objects in close proximity.
STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit): See Glossary terms “PEL” and “TLV”.
subchronic (health effect): An adverse health effect that occurs after repeated daily exposure (usually
for several weeks or months) of experimental animals to a chemical for part (approximately 10 percent) of
the animals’ life span.
subcutaneous: Under the skin.
SUS (Saybolt universal seconds): A unit of measure for viscosity. It is the time in seconds required for
60 milliliters of a fluid to flow through the orifice of a Saybolt Universal viscometer at a given temperature.
See Glossary term “aspiration”.
synergism: The simultaneous action of separate materials that together, have an effect greater than the
sum of the individual effects.
systemic health effects: The adverse health effects that occur, following absorption and circulation of a
chemical, in a part or parts of the body distant from the site of exposure or administration (e.g., lead
ingestion and neurological effects). See Standard Section 5.1.
systemic toxicity: The toxicity observed when a substance has an adverse effect in a part of the body
distant from the site of exposure/administration.
tachycardia: A very rapid heart rate.
target organ effect: The effect of a material on an organ or system that can be a result of direct contact
with the organ or through systemic toxicity. OSHA provides examples of the types of target organ effects
in 29 CFR 1910.1200, Appendix A.
TCC (Tagliabue or Tag Closed Cup): A standard method of determining flash point. See Glossary term
“flash point”.
teratogen: A chemical that causes malformations or permanent structural change in the embryo or fetus
that may adversely affect survival, development or function. See Standard Section 5.1.1.3. Also see
Glossary term “developmental toxicity”.
teratology: The study of embryonic developmental defects.
THoD (Theoretical Oxygen Demand): A measure of the total amount of oxygen required to oxidize a
chemical completely; calculated from the molecular formula.
tinnitus: Ringing or other noises (e.g., buzzing) in the ears.
TLV® (Threshold Limit Value):
Developed by ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists). The

recommended air concentration for a material at or below which nearly all workers should have no
health problems. TLVs are expressed as:
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 a time-weighted average (TWA) for an 8-hour day;

 a short-term exposure limit (STEL) maximum 15-minute exposures (no more than 60
minutes/day); or,
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
 a ceiling value (C) that is not to be exceeded under any condition.
For TLV-TWAs that do not have TLV-STELs, the following applies: Excursions in worker exposure
levels may exceed 3 times the TLV–TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a workday,
and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV–TWA, provided that the TLV–TWA
is not exceeded.
TLVs with a “skin” notation indicate that the material may represent exposure by this route, including
mucous membranes and the eyes. The TLVs are presented in the ACGIH annual publication,
Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices.
TOC (Tagliabue or Tag Open Cup): A standard method of determining flash point. See Glossary term
“flash point”.
toxic chemical: See Standard Sections 5.1.1.3.2, 5.1.1.4.2 and 5.1.1.5.2.
(OSHA) A chemical that falls within any of the following categories:
- A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 50 milligrams per kilogram (ppm),
but no more than 500 milligrams per kilogram (ppm) of body weight, when administered orally to
albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
- A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 200 milligrams per kilogram, but
no more than 1000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, when administered by continuous
contact for 24 hours (or less, if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits
weighing between 2 and 3 kilograms each.
- A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of more than 200 parts per
million (ppm), but no more than 2000 parts per million (ppm) of gas or vapor by volume, or more
than 2 milligrams per liter, but no more than 20 milligrams per liter, of mist, fume, or dust, when
administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less, if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino
rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each. [6]
(SARA) A chemical so designated under Section 313 of SARA Title III and listed in 40 CFR 372.65.
Its release into the environment must be reported annually to the EPA and to designated State
officials. The presence of a toxic chemical in a mixture or trade name product must be notified to
customers. A statement about this notification must be incorporated into or attached to the SDS for
that product.
toxicant: A substance that can cause harm to living organisms. A toxicant of biological origin is called a
“toxin.”
toxicology: The scientific discipline involving the study of the harmful effects of substances on living
organisms and ecosystems.
TPQ (Threshold Planning Quantity): The designated quantity of a SARA Extremely Hazardous
Substance as listed in 40 CFR 355 Appendix A and B that, if equaled or exceeded at a facility, triggers
emergency planning provisions under SARA Title III.
trade secret: (OSHA) Trade secret means any confidential formula, pattern, process, device,
information, or compilation of information that is used in an employer’s business and that gives the
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employer an opportunity to obtain an advantage over competitors who do not know or use it. 29 CFR
1910.1200. Appendix D of the HCS sets out the criteria to be used in evaluating trade secrets. [10]
transformation: Also biotransformation. The oxidation or alteration of the chemical structure of a
substance, resulting in the loss of physical and chemical properties, or primary biodegradation.
transport (ecological): Moving from one ecological medium or compartment to another.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act): Enacted in 1976, TSCA gives US EPA the authority to require
testing and to restrict or prohibit the manufacture, use, distribution, export and disposal of chemical
substances and mixtures.
TSCA Inventory: A dynamic list of chemical substances, commonly identified by CAS Registry Numbers
or by EPA Accession Numbers, that are manufactured, imported, or processed for commercial purposes
in the United States since January 1, 1975.
TWA (time-weighted average): See Glossary terms “TLV” and “PEL”.
UEL or UFL (upper explosive limit or upper flammable limit of a vapor or gas): The highest
concentration (highest percentage of the substance in air) that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition
source (heat, arc, or flame) is present. [7] Compare to Glossary term “LEL”.
ultraviolet (UV): Radiation in the region of the electromagnetic spectrum including wavelengths from 100
to 3900 A; UVA covers the region 315 - 400 A. UVB covers the region 280 - 315 A.
UN number: An identification number assigned by the United Nations to hazardous materials in
transportation. They are used to readily identify hazardous materials in transportation emergencies.
Those preceded by “NA” are associated with descriptions not recognized for international shipments,
except in North America.
unstable (reactive): A chemical which, in the pure state, or as produced or transported, will vigorously
polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self-reactive under conditions of shocks, pressure, or
temperature. [6]
urticaria: An allergic reaction, characterized by raised bumps on the skin or mucous membranes and
usually accompanied by intense itching, to an allergen such as food, plants, inhalants (e.g., pollen) or
chemicals.
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture): US Federal agency whose responsibilities include
enhancing the protection and safety of the nation’s agriculture supply.
UV: See Glossary term “ultraviolet”.
vapor: The gaseous form of substances that are normally in the solid or liquid state (at room
temperature and pressure). The vapor can be changed back to the solid or liquid state either by
increasing the pressure or decreasing the temperature alone. Vapors also diffuse. [18]
vapor density: The weight of a vapor or gas as compared to a standard, usually air.
vapor pressure: The pressure exerted by a saturated vapor above its own liquid in a closed container,
usually reported on SDS in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) at 68°F (20°C). [1]
ventilation: The engineering method of controlling the workplace environment with air flow. The
workplace ventilation used to maintain air quality can be important in the prevention of fire and
explosions, and in controlling certain concentrations of substances such as dusts, fumes, mists, vapors or
gases that might exist or are produced in the workplace. Workplace air quality can be controlled by local
exhaust, by dilution ventilation, or a combination of the two methods. See Glossary term “adequate
ventilation”.
VOC (volatile organic compound): A precursor substance to the creation of ozone, a class of
pollutants regulated under the Clean Air Act. When a VOC evaporates and undergoes a photochemical
reaction, it will cause oxygen in the air to be converted into smog-promoting ozone under certain climatic
conditions.
volatility from water: A measure of how much of a gas will remain in water, versus how much will be in
air, using Henry’s Law Constant (amount of gas absorbed by a liquid at a given temperature).
WARNING: Signal word used in labeling that indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, could result in death or serious injury. See Glossary terms “CAUTION” and “DANGER.” [9]
water reactive chemical: (OSHA) A chemical that reacts with water to release a gas that is either
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flammable or presents a health hazard. [6]
205
ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
water reactive material: DOT term. See Glossary term “water reactivity.”
water reactivity: Generally, the inherent ability of a chemical to react with water.
OSHA: “Water reactive” means a chemical that reacts with water to release a gas that is either
flammable or presents a health hazard. [6]
DOT: “Water reactive material” [13] is synonymous with “Dangerous when wet material”, which
means a material that, by contact with water, is liable to become spontaneously flammable or give off
flammable or toxic gas at a rate greater than 1 liter per kilogram of material per hour when tested in
accordance with UN Manual of Tests and Criteria. [12]
WEEL (Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guides): Developed and maintained by the AIHA
WEEL Committee, the WEEL Guides are a compilation of airborne exposure limits. The WEEL
Committee concentrates on chemicals, environmental agents and stresses for which there are no legal or
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authoritative limits in existence. See Glossary term “AIHA”.

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System): A Canadian nationwide system to
provide information to workers on hazardous materials used in the workplace through the use of labels,
SDSs and worker education. It is the Canadian counterpart of the HCS, but has different provisions and
interpretations.
worker: See Glossary term “employee”.
work area: A room or a defined space in a workplace where hazardous chemicals are produced or used,
and where employees are present. [10]
workplace: An establishment, job site, or project, at one geographical location containing one or more
work areas. [10]
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
List of Sources
[1] United States Department of Labor, Guidance for Hazard Determination for Compliance with
the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard” (OSHA),October 12, 2009.
[2] 49 CFR 171.8, Department of Transportation, Federal Hazardous Materials Regulations.
[3] National Institute for Occupations Safety & Health (NIOSH):

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/aerosols/
[4] Lewis, Hawley's Condensed Chemicals Dictionary, 14th ed., 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken,
NJ. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[5] By permission, from Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate® Dictionary, Eleventh Edition ©2003 by Merriam-
Webster, Incorporated (www.Merriam-Webster.com).
[6] 29 CFR 1910.1200 et seq., Occupational Health and Safety’s Administration’s Hazard
Communication Standard (HCS).
[7] MSDS Glossary, Hazard Communication – A Compliance Kit, (OSHA 3104), US Government Printing
Office (GPO) No. 929-022-00000-9.
[8] Verschueren, K., Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, 4th ed., 2001, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
[9] American National Standard for Product Safety Signs and labels, ANSI Z535.4-2002.
[10] 29 CFR 1910.1200 et seq., (Jul 1, 2005). Occupational Health and Safety’s
Administration’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS).
[11] United States Department of Labor, Draft Model Training Program For Hazard
Communication (March 18, 2004).
[12] 49 CFR 173.124 (Oct 1, 2004). Department of Transportation, Federal Hazardous
Materials Regulations.
[13] 49 CFR 171.8 Department of Transportation, Federal Hazardous Materials Regulations.
[14] Reprinted from Taylor, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 29th ed., Taylor, copyright 1999, with
permission from Elsevier.
[15] Environmental Protections Agency, Glossary of IRIS Terms, (Sep 2003),
(http://www.epa.gov/iris/gloss8.htm.)
[16] Reprinted from Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 26th ed., copyright 1995, with permission
from Elsevier.
[17] Reprinted with permission from NFPA 49-2001, Hazardous Chemical Data, 13th ed., as printed in
the Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, copyright 2001, National Fire Protection Association,
Quincy, MA 02269. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the
referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.
[18] Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene, Barbara A. Plog, et al. eds., (National Safety Council,
5th ed. 2001).
[19] National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical
Substances (RTECS), maintained on CD.
[20] United States National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine – Environmental
Health and Toxicology Specialized Information Services, Toxicology Glossary (2005).
(http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/glossarymain.html)
207
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010
[21] 49 CFR 173.124 (Oct 1,2004), Department of Transportation, Federal Hazardous Materials
Regulations.
[22] United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals,
Ch 3.4.1, p 151 (2005 rev. 1).
[23] Data Interchange Standards Association,(DISA) X12.36, Material Safety Data Sheet Transaction Set
(848), The Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) X12, 7600 Leesburg Pike, Suite 430, Falls Church,
VA 22043.
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ANSI Z400.1/Z129.

American National Standard

Copyright American National Standards Institute

Copyright American National Standards Institute

American National Standard

Hazard Evaluation and

Precautionary Labeling Preparation

Approved May 28, 2010

Copyright American National Standards Institute

Standard Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board of

American National Standards Institute, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 by American Chemical Council (ACC)

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any

Printed in the United States of America

Copyright American National Standards Institute

Foreword ............................................................................................................ vii

6 Environmental hazards ...................................................................... 28

9.10.4 Conditions to avoid ............................................................................ 64

Copyright American National Standards Institute

ANSI Z400.1/Z129.1-2010, American National Standard for Hazardous Workplace

Hazardous Industrial Chemicals - Precautionary Labeling (ANSI Z129.1) in 1976.

Copyright American National Standards Institute

Copyright American National Standards Institute

Copyright American National Standards Institute

Working Group Members:

Special Assistance From:

Copyright American National Standards Institute

Copyright American National Standards Institute

Copyright American National Standards Institute

American National Standard

Hazard Evaluation and

1.1 Safety data sheet (SDS)

1.2 Precautionary labeling

Copyright American National Standards Institute

2 Scope, purpose and application

The purpose of this Standard is to provide:

This Standard applies to SDSs and precautionary labeling.

2.3.2 Content and organization

2.3.3 Hazard evaluation and communication process flow

Copyright American National Standards Institute

Internal/trade Organic peroxide Allergic reaction

Vendor SDSs Water

Copyright American National Standards Institute

Layout/ Comprehension Product

Component First aid/

SDS Sections Durability

Copyright American National Standards Institute

3.1 Definition of a hazard

3.2 Collecting the information

3.3 Evaluating hazards

Copyright American National Standards Institute

4.1 Definition of a physical hazard

4.2 Physical hazard criteria

4.2.1 Fire hazard chemical

4.2.1.1 Flammability hazards

A flammable gas is:

 extremely flammable liquid:

Copyright American National Standards Institute

4.2.1.1.2.1 Static-accumulating flammable liquids

The following are examples of hazard identification:

For more information, see the following:

OSHA Standard - Flammable and combustible liquid, 29 CFR 1910.106

NFPA 77 - Recommended Practice on Static Electricity (2007).