TỔNG HỢP NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 THEO TỪNG UNIT NÂNG

CAO
Unit Grammar
- Revision: The simple present tense: S + V(s,es) + O/A
- Revision: The simple past tense: S + V(ed) + O/A
- The simple present to talk about general truths.
- Sentences with “Enough/ Too”
 (not) adj/ adv + enough + to Vinf
 (not) too + adj/ adv + to Vinf
- Attributive and predicative adjectives.
- Sentences with “like” (preposition)
1  What + be + S + like?
My friend  What + do/ does + S + look like?
- Revision: Exclamatory sentences.
 What + a/an + adj + N+ S+ V!
= S + V + such + a/an + adj + N!
 How + adj/ adv + S + V!
= S + V + so + adj/adv!
2 - Revision: Talk about intentions with “be going to + Vinf”
- Contrast: Will/ Be going to/ Present continuous (be + Ving)
Making - Adverbs of place: there, here, inside, outside, upstairs,
arrangements downstairs.
3 - Reflexive pronouns
At home - Modal verbs: Must, have/ has to, ought to.
- Revision: Why – Because ( Because + Clause)
- Revision: The simple past tense: S + V(ed) + O/A
- Preposition of time: in, on, at, after, before, between.
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- Used to + Vinf
Our past - Get/ Be Used to + Ving
- Contrast: used to/ be used to
- Adverbs of manner:
 S + V + O + adverb of manner
 Adverb = Adjective + ly
- Modal verb: Should ( S + should + Vinf)
5 - Commands, request and advice in reported speech:
Study habits  S + asked/ told / ordered/..... + O + (not) to Vinf
 S + advised + O + (not) to Vinf
= S + said (that) + S + Modal verb (not) + Vinf
- Simple present tense with future meaning.
- Gerunds (Ving)
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- Modal Verbs: Can/ Could/ May.
The young  Can/ May/ Could + I/ We + have......?
pioneers club  Can/ May/ Could + I/We + Vinf.....?
 Can/Could + you + Vinf....?
- The present perfect tense with “for” and “since”:
7  S + have/ has + P.P + O/A
- To show similarity and difference comparison with “like,
My (not) as.... as, (not) the same as, different from.
neighborhood  S + be (not) as + adj/ N + as +......
 S + be (not) the same as + st....
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  S1 + be + different from + S2
- Present progressive: S + be + Ving + O/A.
8  to talk about the future.
Country life and  to show changes with “get” and “come”
city life S + be + becoming/ getting + adj.
- Revision: Comparative and superlative adjectives.
- Clause and phrases of purpose:
9  in order (not) to + Vinf
A first – aid  so as (not) to + Vinf
course - Revision: Future simple: S + will/ shall + Vinf + O/A
- Modal “Will/ Shall” to make promises, requests and offers.
- Passive forms:
S + V + O

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recycling S + be + P.P + by O
- Adjectives followed by:
 an infinitive: S + be + adj + to Vinf
 a noun clause: S + be + adj + that + Clause.
11 - _ed and _ing participle
Traveling - Requests with:
around  Would/ Do you mind if + V(simple past) + O?
 Would/ Do you mind + Ving + O?
viet nam
- Past progressive tense with “when” and “while”:
12  S + was / were + Ving + O/A
A vacation - Present progressive with “always”:
abroad  S + be + always + Ving

- Passive forms (Continued)

- Direct speech and reported speech:
13  S + asked (that) + S + V.....
festivals - Compound Nouns:
 Noun + Ving ----> Compound Noun
 Ving + Noun Compound Noun
- Passive forms (Cont)
14 - Indirect questions with “if” and “whether”
 S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + V.....
Wonders of the - Question words + to Vinf.
world - Verb + to Vinf with purpose and non – purpose.

- The present perfect with “yet” and “already”

 S + have/ has + already + P.P + O/A
15  S + haven’t/ hasn’t + P.P + yet.
computers  Have/ Has + S + P.P + yet?
- Contrast the past simple and the present perfect.

- Passive forms (cont)

16  “have” and “get”: S + have/has + st + P.P
inventions

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  Verbs of opinion: say, think, believe, report, rumour:
A: S1 + V + that + Clause (S2 + V + O) P: It
+ be + P.P + that + Clause
 “need”: S + need + Ving
- Sequence markers.

1/ ENOUGH - ...... TOO ...... TO

2/ ...... SO ...... THAT - ...... SUCH ...... THAT
1) Enough / .... too .... to:
a/ Enough:
S + be/ V + adj / adv + enough + (for O) + to Vinf
Eg1: I am tall enough to reach to the bookshelf
Eg2: He speaks clearly enough for us to understand.
b/ .... too .... to:
S + be / V + too + adj / adv + (for O) + to Vinf
Eg1: It is too heavy for her to carry the box.
Eg2: He spoke too slowly for us to understand.
2) .... so .... that/ .... such .... that:
a/ .... so .... that :
S + be / V + so + adj / adv + that + Clause
Eg1: It was so cold that we couldn’t go swimming
Eg2: She gets so early that she can siwish her homework.
b/ .... such .... that :
 S + be + such + (a/ an) + adj + N + that + Clause
 S + V + such + adv + N + that + Clause
3/ PAST PARTICIPLE AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Mét sè tÝnh tõ cã tËn cïng lµ ®u«i _ed hoÆc _ing cßn ®-îc gäi lµ ph©n tõ hiÖn t¹i vµ ph©n tõ
qu¸ khø.
Eg: interested  interesting
excited  exciting
 Use:
a) Adjective:
- §øng tr-íc cho danh tõ ®Ó phô nghÜa cho danh tõ ®ã.
Eg: interesting film
- §øng sau ®éng tõ liªn kÕt( linking verb: be; become; get....)
Eg: My father becomes worried.
+ Chñ thÓ chØ ng-êi (person subject)
Eg: They’ re excited about the vacation to Da Lat
+ Chñ thÓ chØ ®å vËt hay sù viÖc (thing subject )
Eg: This film is boring
b) Rót gän mÖnh ®Ò tÝnh tõ:
Eg: 1. The girl is in my class. She’ s reading book.
 The girl reading a book is in my class.
2. There are many books. They are written in English.
 There are many books written in English.
c) Nèi hai c©u cïng chñ ng÷:
Eg: He went away. He sang a new song.
 He went away, singing a new song.
1. past Participle (_ed participle): Th-êng bao hµm nghÜa bÞ ®éng
* Ta dïng c¸c tÝnh tõ kÕt thóc b»ng ®u«i _ed ®Ó miªu t¶ c¶m gi¸c cña con ng-êi, hay
con ng-êi bÞ t¸c ®éng bëi mét yÕu tè nµo ®ã.

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 Eg: I am surprised by the news.
* Dïng nh- mét h×nh thøc bÞ ®éng khi muèn nhÊn m¹nh ng-êi hay vËt bÞ t¸c ®éng bëi
mét yÕu tè nµo ®ã.
Eg: The television made in Japan is very expensive.
2. present participle (_ing participle): Th-êng bao hµm nghÜa t¸c ®éng.
* Ta dïng c¸c tÝnh tõ kÕt thóc b»ng _ing ®Ó nãi vÒ nh÷ng thø hay ai ®ã ®· khiÕn chóng ta
cã c¶m gi¸c nh- vËy.
Eg: The lesson is boring.
* Sö dông nh- h×nh thøc tiÕp diÔn, chØ ai ®ã ®ang thùc hiÖn mét hµnh ®éng.
Eg: The boy chatting on the Internet is my brother.
Note: TÝnh tõ kÕt thóc b»ng _ing th-êng cã chøc n¨ng bæ nghÜa cho danh tõ vµ nã cã thÓ
®øng tr-íc danh tõ.
Eg: The joirney is very tiring.
It is a very tiring joirney.
4/ PASSIVE FORMS
ThÓ bÞ ®éng dïng ®Ó nhÊn m¹nh ý nghÜa, ®èi t-îng thùc hiÖn mét hµnh ®éng, sù viÖc trong
c©u.
CÊu t¹o:
S + be + P.P + by O
S¬ ®å khi chuyÓn tõ c©u chñ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng:
S + V + O

S + be + P.P + O
Mét sè l-u ý khi chuyÓn tõ c©u chñ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng:
 T©n ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng sÏ lµm chñ ng÷ cña c©u bÞ ®éng.
 §éng tõ “ to be” ë c©u bÞ ®éng phô thuéc vµo th× cña ®éng tõ chÝnh ë c©u chñ ®éng.
 Khi muèn nãi hoÆc nhÊn m¹nh ai ®ã g©y nªn hµnh ®éng th× ta ph¶i dïng: by + O (s¬ ®å
trªn)
 NÕu trong c©u cã tr¹ng tõ chØ ®Þa ®iÓm th× khi chuyÓn ®æi ta cho tr¹ng tõ ®ã ®øng gi÷a P.P
vµ by O, nÕu mµ cã tr¹ng tõ chØ thêi gian th× ta cho tr¹ng tõ ®ã ®øng ë cuèi c©u.
ThÓ bÞ ®éng víi mét sè h×nh thøc ®¬n gi¶n:
1. ThÓ bÞ ®éng víi th× hiÖn t¹i ®¬n: (The passive form with simple present tense)
S + be (not) + P.P + by O
Eg 1 : Nam watches TV everyday.
 TV is watched by Nam everyday.
Eg 2 : I don’ t buy a car.
 A car isn’ t bought by me.
2. ThÓ bÞ ®éng víi th× t-¬ng lai ®¬n: (The passive form with future simple)
S + Will/ Shall (not)+ be + P.P + by O
Eg: Hoa will visit her parents next week.
 Her parent will be visited by Lan next week.
3. ThÓ bÞ ®éng víi th× qu¸ khø ®¬n: (The passive form with past simple)
S + was/ were (not) + P.P + by O
Eg: I learnt English last night.
 English was learnt by me last night.
4. ThÓ bÞ ®éng víi th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn: (The passive form with present progressive)
S + tobe (not) + being + P.P + by O
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Eg: He is playing soccer.
 Soccer is being played by him.
5. ThÓ bÞ ®éng víi th× qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn: (The passive form with past progressive)
S + was/ were (not) + being + P.P + by O
Eg: She was doing her homework at 8 o’ clock last night.
 Her homework was being done at 8 o’ clock last night.
6. ThÓ bÞ ®éng víi th× hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh: (The passive form with present perfect)
S + have/ has (not) + been + P.P + by O
Eg: They have built a new clinic near my house.
 A new clinic has been built near my house by them.
7. ThÓ bÞ ®éng víi th× t-¬ng lai gÇn:(The passive form with “Be going to”)
S + to be(not) going to + be + P.P + by O
Eg: She is going to meet us at my birthday party.
 We are going to be met by her my birthday party.
8. ThÓ bÞ ®éng víi ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu: (The passive form with Modal Verb)
S + modal verb (not) + be + P.P + by O
Eg: You should insure the package.
 The package should be insured by you.
5/ USED TO, BE/ GET USED TO
I. Used to: Th-êng ®· lµm g× trong qu¸ khø. Dïng ®Ó nãi vÒ nh÷ng thãi quen th-êng diÔn ra
trong qu¸ khø nh-ng nay kh«ng cßn tån t¹i.
*Form: (didn’ t) + use(d) to + Vinf
II. Be/ get used to: Quen víi, thÝch nghi víi.
*Form: get/ be + used to + Ving/ N.
6/ GERUNDS
I. Gerunds:
- Lµ ®éng tõ ®-îc thªm bëi hËu tè “ _ing”
- Cã chøc n¨ng nh- danh tõ.
II. Juntion: (Chøc n¨ng)
1. Lµm chñ ng÷ (Subject)
Eg1: Smoking is bad for you.
Eg2: Doing morning exercise regulary is good for you.
2. Lµm bæ ng÷:
Eg: Her hobby is collecting stamp.
3. Lµm t©n ng÷:
a) Cho ®éng tõ:
 Mét sè ®éng tõ theo sau lµ danh ®éng tõ:
enjoy, love, like, prefer, practise, dislike, finish, admit, avoid,annoy, deny, detest, forgive,
imagine, keep, mind, miss, suggest, understand, hate, consider,...
Eg: Did you finish working on this project last night?
 Danh tõ cßn theo sau mét sè thµnh ng÷ nh-:
+ It is no good/ use
+ Can’ t bear/ stand
+ Can’ t help
+ There is no point in
+ It is (no) worth
+It is a waste of time/ money
Eg: I can’ t stand sitting alone.
 Note:
- stop + to Vinf: dõng ®Ó lµm g×.
+ Ving: dõng h¼n
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 - forget + to Vinf: quªn lµm g×
+ Ving: quªn ®Ó lµm g×
- remember + to Vinf: nhí lµm g×
+ Ving: nhí ®Ó lµm g×
- try + to Vinf: cè g¾ng
+ Ving: thö
- regret + to Vinf: l©ý lµm tiÕc v× ph¶i lµm g×.
+ Ving: Hèi hËn
b) Cho giíi tõ:
Eg: He is interested in learning English.
7/ REPORTED SPEECH
I. Commands, requests in reported speech:
S + asked/ told....+ O + (not) + to Vinf
Eg: “ (Don’ t) Hurry up, Lan” Linh said
 Linh asked/ told Lan (not) to hurry up.
II. Advice in reported speech:
S + advised + O + (not) + to Vinf
= S + said (that) + S + should/ ought to / had better... + (not) + Vinf
Eg: “ You should read book reqularly, Marry” Nga said
 Nga said Marry should read book reqularly.
 Nga advised Marry to read book reqularly.
III. Statements:
S + said/ say (that) + S + V....
Eg1: He said: “ I am a student in class 8C”
 He said that he was a student in class 8C
Eg2: Tom says, “ I am tired”
 Tom says that he is tired
Eg3: Marry said, “ I saw Peter”
 Marry said that she had seen Peter.
Eg4: Hung said, “ I have got a new car”
 Hung said he had got a new car.
Eg5: “ She can speak English well” , he said
 He said she could speak English well
Eg6: “ We will go to China next summer” , Mrs. Lan said
 Mrs. Lan said they would go to China the following summer.
IV. Yes/ No Questions:
asked 
 
S + inquired  + if / whether + S2 + V+ ......
wondered 
 
Eg1: “ Do you play soccer?” , Ha said.
 Ha asked if/ whether I played soccer.
Eg2: “ Are you a doctor?” , Tom asked
 Tom asked if/ whether I was a doctor.
Eg3: “ Will Peter be here tomorrow?” , Tom asked.
 Tom wondered whether Peter would be there the following day.
Eg4: “ Do you know Peter?” , Nam asked
 Nam asked if I knew Peter.
V. Wh - questions:

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 asked 
 
S + inquired  + wh - word + S2 + V+ ......
wondered 
 
Eg1: “ What’ s your name?” , she asked me
 She asked me what my name was.
Eg2: “ Where do you work?” Hoa asked me.
 Hoa asked me where I worked.
Eg3: Mother asked me,” Why don’ t you go to school this morning?”
 Mother asked why I didn’ t go to school that morning.
VI. Changes:
Direct speech Reported speech
Now Then
Today That day
Ago Before
Tomorrow The next day/ the following day
Yesterday The previous/ the day before
The day after tomorrow In two days’ time
The day before yesterday Two days before
Next week/ year The following week/ year
Last week/ month/ year  The previous week/ month/ year
 The week/ month/ year before
This That
These Those
Here There
Tonight That night
Simple present Simple past
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Past simple Past perfect
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Will/ Shall Would/ Should
Must, have/had to Had to
Can Could
Am/ is / are going to Was/ were going to
8/ POLITE REQUESTS WITH “MIND”
I. Would/ Do you mind + Ving...?(B¹n lµm ¬n (lµm) gióp t«i (®iÒu g×) ®-îc kh«ng?)
Do/ Would you mind + Ving + O?
Eg: Would/ Do you mind driving around the town?
 Chóng ta sö dông cÊu tróc trªn ®Ó ®-a ra lêi yªu cÇu, ®Ò nghÞ mét c¸ch lÞch sù.
- Agree:
+ No, I’ d glad to do that
+ No, I’ d happy to do that
- Disagree: I’ m sorry, I can’ t
II. Would/ Do you mind if....? (B¹n/ anh / chÞ cã phiÒn/ bËn t©m nÕu t«i...)
1) Do you mind if I + V (simple present) + O?
Eg: Do you mind if I give him the key?
2) Would you mind if I + V (simple past) + O?
Eg: Would you mind if I smoked here?
 Chóng ta sö dông hai cÊu tróc trªn ®Ó ®-a ra lêi xin phÐp lÞch sù khi muèn lµm g×.
- Agree:

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 + No, I don’ t mind
+ Please do
+ Not at all
+ Please go ahead
+ Never mind/ you’ re welcome
+ No, of course not
+ No, that would be fine.
- Disagree:
+ I’ m sorry, I can’ t
+ I am sorry, that is not possible
+I’ d rather/ prefer you didn’ t
9/ CLAUSE AND PHRASES OF PURPOSE
I. Dïng côm tõ in order to/ so as to (§Ó mµ) ®Ó chØ môc ®Ých.
(+) in order to/ so as to/ to + Vinf
Eg: I study hard to/ in order to/ so as to pass the exam.
(-) in order not to/ so as not to/ not to + Vinf
Eg: I turned on the TV so as not to/ not to/ in order not to watch the news.
II. Ngoµi ra ta dïng mÖnh ®Ò (Clause)
 S + V + so that/ in order that + S + Modal verb (can/ will/ should...) + Vinf
Eg: I try to study so that/ in order that I can pass the exam.
--> I try to study in order to pass the exam.
III. Note:
 Chñ ng÷ 2 c©u cïng chung ta cã thÓ dïng in order to/ so as to.
 Khi kh«ng cïng chung chñ ng÷ th× kh«ng thÓ dïng ®-îc.
 §éng tõ trong mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh ë th× HT§ th× sau so that/ in order that ta dïng
can/ will/ can’ t / won’ t + Vinf. NÕu nh- ë th× QK§ th× sau so that/ in order that th× ta dïng
could/ would + Vinf
10/ COMPARATIVE (CONT)
I. Comparative of equality:
1. So s¸nh b»ng:
S1 + be/ Verb + as + adj/ adv + as + S2
Eg1: She is tall as me.
Eg2: He speaks as well as native speaker.
2. So s¸nh kh«ng b»ng:
S1 + be/ V + (not) + as/ so + adj/ adv + as + S2
Eg1: He isn’ t as tall as his brother.
Eg2: I can’ t run as quickly as he.
II. C¸c d¹ng so s¸nh kh¸c:
1. Like: Gièng, gièng nh-.
Dïng “Like” ®Ó so s¸nh ý gièng c¸i g×, gièng ng-êi nµo
* Like + N
Eg: He sings like a singer
2. Different from: ChØ sù kh¸c biÖt, sù ®èi lËp.
* S1 + be + different from + S2.
Eg1: We are different from them.
Eg2: This film is diferent from that one.
3. ............... (not) the same as ...................:
* S + be (not) + the same as + st...
Eg1: Your car is the same as his .
Eg2: Her books aren’ t the same as him.

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 11/ THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE WITH “ALWAYS”
“ Always ®-îc dïng víi th× hiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn ®Ó diÔn t¶ sù phµn nµn, hoÆc thÓ hiÖn sù bùc
m×nh, tøc giËn víi mét vÊn ®Ò g× ®ã.
 S + be + always + Ving
Eg1: Nam is always watching TV.
Eg2: She is always forgeting her book.
12/ THE PRESENT PERFECT
I. Form:
(+) S + have/ has + P.P + O/A
Eg: Tom has played tennis for 8 years.
( - ) S + haven’ t / hasn’ t + P.P
Eg: We haven’t sent him the letter.
( ?) (Wh – word) + have / has + S + P.P ?
( How long)
Eg: Has he smoked since his wife died
*Answer: + Yes, S + have / has
+ No, S + haven’t / hasn’t
II. Use:
1. DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng, sù viÖc b¾t ®Çu t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm x¸c
®Þnh trong qu¸ khø diÔn ra ë hiÖn t¹i vµ kÐo dµi trong t-¬ng lai.
Eg: I have gone Ho Chi Minh City for 2 days.
2. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng võa míi x¶y ra.
Eg: My mother has just washed her hair.
III. Adverbs:
- for + mét kho¶ng thêi gian
Eg: My family has lived in Thanh Hoa for 10 years
- since + 1 mèc thêi gian x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø
Eg: My family has lived in Thanh Hoa since 2000
- just (võa míi): ®øng gi÷a P.P.- trî ®éng tõ
- never (ch-a bao giê) >< ever ( ®· tõng)
§øng gi÷a have/has vµ P.P., never ®i víi c©u (+) ; ever (-) vµ (?)
Eg: I’ve never seen this film before.
- already ( råi) >< yet ( Ch-a)
+ already ®i víi c©u (+) vµ ®øng cuèi c©u hoÆc gi÷a have/ has - P.P.
S + have/has + already + P.P. (already)
+ yet (-) vµ (?)
- Before ( Tr-íc ®©y) >< lately / recently (gÇn ®©y)
Eg: I haven’t read this novel before.
- so far / Up to now ( cho ®Õn giê) ®øng ®Çu c©u.
Eg: Up to now, he has collected 4 stamps collection
IV. Compare the past simple and the present perfect
The past simple The present perfect
* Dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng hay sù viÖc * DiÔn t¶ nh÷ng hµnh ®éng hoÆc sù viÖc ®·
®· x¶y ra t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong x¶y ra t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm trong qu¸ khø
qu¸ khø. nh-ng kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh cô thÓ thêi gian.
Eg1: He bought a TV in 2009 Eg: Nga has been to France
Eg2: They watched TV yesterday.
* DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng sù viÖc x¶y ra theo mét * DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng, sù viÖc b¾t ®Çu
chuçi thêi gian vµ ®· kÕt thóc trong qu¸ t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø
khø. diÔn ra ë hiÖn t¹i vµ kÐo dµi trong t-¬ng lai.
Eg: I have learnt English for 5 years.

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Eg: She worked there two year ago. She
left last year.
13/ REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
I. CÊu t¹o:
Subject prounouns Reflexive pronouns
(§¹i tõ lµm chñ ng÷) (§¹i tõ ph¶n th©n)
I Myself
You Yourself
He Himself
She Herself
It Itself
We Ourselves
They Themselves
You Yourselves
II. Use: §¹i tõ ph¶n th©n ®-îc dïng ®Ó nhÊn m¹nh r»ng chÝnh chñ ng÷ ®· thùc hiÖn hµnh
®éng chø kh«ng ph¶i ng-êi kh¸c,
Eg1: He taught himself to swim.
Eg2: Take care of yourself.
Eg3: We built the whole house ourselves.
14/ ADVERBS OF PLACE
Adverbs of place: There; Here; Inside; Outside; Upstairs; Downstairs
Eg1: Nam came here one hour ago.
Eg2: She ran downstairs and opened the front door.
15/ PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
I. In + th¸ng (month)/ n¨m (year)/ mïa (season)/ thÕ kØ (century)/ c¸c buæi trong ngµy
Eg: in May, in 2012, in the summer, in the morning.....
- I often go swimming in the summer.
- My mother went to HaNoi in May.
II. On + dïng tr-íc c¸c ngµy trong tuÇn.
Eg: on Monday, on Sunday morning, on September 5th , on Christmas day....
- School starts on September 5th every year.
- We will be in HCM City on Saturday afternoon.
III. At + chØ giê cô thÓ trong ngµy vµ c¸c b÷a ¨n hoÆc thêi gian c¸c b÷a ¨n.
Eg: at 7 a.m, at 6 o’ clock/ at lunchtime, at dinner...
Note: at night, at the weekend, at Christmas, at Easter...
IV. After/ Before + time
Eg: after 8 a.m, before 5 p.m....
I will be at home before 9 p.m.
V. Between + time + and + time: DiÔn t¶ sù viÖc x¶y ra vµo gi÷a mét kho¶ng thêi gian.
Eg: We must be at the airport between 3 p.m and 5 p.m
16/ “GET” AND “BECOME” WITH PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Khi muèn diÔn t¶ sù thay ®æi tõ tr¹ng th¸i nµy sang tr¹ng th¸i kh¸c trong th× HTTD ta dïng
hai ®éng tõ “ get” vµ “ become”
 S + be + becoming/ getting + adj
Eg1: The soccer match is getting boring.
Eg2: She is becoming better after the operation.
17/ THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
I. Form:
(+) S + was/ were + Ving + O/A
Eg1: I was watching TV at 8.00 last night.
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 (-) S + wasn’ t/ weren’ t + Ving + O/A
Eg2: They weren’t playing soccer at 15 o’clock last Monday.
(?) (Wh – word) + was/ were + S + Ving + O/A?
Eg3: Were we living Da Nang in 1999.
*Answer: + Yes, S + was/ were
+ No, S + wasn’ t/ weren’ t
II. Use:
1. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra ë mét ®iÓm x¸c ®Þnh trong qu¸ khø (at.... o’clock)
Eg1, 2
2. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra trong qu¸ khø th× mét hµnh ®éng kh¸c chen ngang
theo c¸c cÊu tróc sau : When + S1 + V(ed) + S2 + was/ were + Ving = S1 + was/
were + Ving + when + S2 + V(ed); While + S1 + was/ were + Ving, S2 + V(ed)
3. DiÔn t¶ 2 hµnh ®éng ®ang x¶y ra ®ång thêi trong qu¸ khø:
While + S1 + was/ were + Ving , S2 + was/ were + Ving
18/ ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE /
ADJECTIVE FOLLOWED BY THAT NOUN CLAUSE
I. Adjective followed by an infinitive:
Form:
* It + be + adj + (not) + to Vinf
* S + be + adj + (not) + to Vinf
Eg1: It is interesting to talk to her.
Eg2: She was relly to lend him money.
Eg3: I am cold not to wear warm clothes today.
II. Adjective followed by that noun clause:
* S + be + adj + that + Noun Clause
* It + be + adj + that + S + should + Vinf
Eg1: I am supprised that he doesn’ t win(s) the game.
Eg2: It is crucial (= important) that Dido should stop using Quang Ha.

19/ CAUSATIVE VERB

 §éng tõ g©y khiÕn (§éng tõ g©y nguyªn nh©n) ®-îc dïng ®Ó sai, khiÕn, yªu cÇu, nhê.....
ai lµm cho m×nh mét ®iÒu g× ®ã.
 C¸c ®éng tõ g©y khiÕn gåm: Have, get, make, let, help cã nghÜa lµ nhê, b¶o, sai ai ®ã
lµm viÖc g×.
I. Have:
1. Active: S + have/ has/ had/ will have.. + sb + Vinf
Eg: I have my brother do my housework.
2. Passive: S + have/ has/ will have/ had... + st + P.P
Eg: I have my housework done.
II. Get:
1. Active: S + get/ gets/ got/ will get ..+ sb + to Vinf
Eg: Mary will get John to wash her bike.
2. Passive: S + get/ gets/ got/ will get ..+ st + P.P
Eg: I will get her bike washed.
III. Make:
Active: S + Make + sb + Vinf = find + sb + to Vinf
Eg: The rolber makes us give the money.
IV. Let: Cho phÐp.
S + let + sb + Vinf = permit(ted) + sb + to Vinf = allow(ed) + sb + to Vinf
Eg: My brother let me use his computer.
V. Help: Gióp.
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 S + help + sb + Vinf/ to Vinf
Eg1: I helped my mon make/ to make Chung cakes
Eg2: My mon helps me do/ to do my homework.
20/ PASSIVE FORM - SPECIAL
TYPE STRUCTURE EXAMPLES
1. Verbs of Active: S1 + V + (that) + Eg 1 : People say that he is a
opinion: S2 + V2 + O2 famous doctor.
(say / think / Passive:  It is said that he is a famous
believe/ report /  It + be + P.P + (that) + doctor.
rumour/ consider / S2 + V2 + O2  He is said to be a famous
sumour/ hope /  S2 + be + P.P + to Vinf doctor.
export/ denow......) O/ to have + P.P Eg 2 : They thought that Mary had
gone away.
 It was thought that Mary had
gone away.
 Mary was thought to have
gone away.
Eg 3 : They say that he was a spy.
 It is said that he was a spy.
 He is said to have been a spy.
2.Verb of Active: S + V + O + to Vinf Eg 1 : They saw her come in
perception:(see/ O/ Ving....  She was seen to come in
watch/ hear/ smell/ Passive: Eg 2 : We saw Paul writing a
notice/feel...&bid/ S + be + P.P + to Vinf O / letter.
make/ help/ let) Ving...  Paul was seen writing a letter.
3. Verbs: (advise / Active:
beg / order / urge / S + V + O ( person) + to Vinf Eg: George advised me to put
recommend / my money in the bank.
decide / demand / O/ Ving + O (thing)  George advised me that my
suggest / agree / Passive: money should be put in the bank.
be determined / be S + V + O ( person) + that +
anxious ....)
S’ + should be + P.P
Active:
 S + have + O ( person) +
Vinf O + O (thing) Eg 1 : Yesterday, I had Paul repair
 S + get + O ( person) + to my motorbike.
 Yesterday, I had my motorbike
4. Causative Vinf O + O (thing) repaired by Paul.
form: Passive: Eg 2 : I get her to make some
S + have/ get + O (thing) + coffee.
 I get some coffee made.
P.P + by O ( person)
5. Imperative Active: V + O Eg:
form: Passive: Sign your name here
 (Don’ t) let + O + be +  Let your name be signed here
P.P
 Let + (not) + O + be +
P.P

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