Design of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) For Processing the Recyclable Materials of

New York City’s Municipal Solid Waste

Alexander J. Dubanowitz (2000)

The closure of Freshkills Landfill in Staten Island at the end of 2001 has forced the City
of New York to seek alternative methods of waste management. To begin its waste diversion,
the city has resorted to exporting a portion of its waste to other states. The high costs
associated with waste exportation along with dramatic increases in disposal tipping fees in
recent years has compelled New York City to explore potential alternative waste management
options. Increased recycling provides an attractive option since it eliminates some disposal
requirements with the additional benefits of reducing pollution, conserving energy, creating jobs
and building more competitive manufacturing industries. In addition, through the utilization of a
well-designed materials recovery facility and collection system, recycling can be a very
economical waste management opportunity.

A materials recovery facility (MRF) is a place where solid wastes are delivered to be
separated, processed and stored for later use as raw materials for remanufacturing and
reprocessing. In the summer of 1999, the Bureau of Waste Prevention, Reuse, and Recycling of
the Department of Sanitation (DOS) sponsored an investigation of the technical and economic
aspects of a single, city-owned MRF. The study, described in this report, examined the design
and operation of 150 tons per hour (876,000 tons per year) facility that could handle all of New
York City’s recyclables. The operations within the MRF are designed to be as automated as
possible to increase the speed of operation, reduce costs and improve recovery. The proposed
MRF would be a more cost-effective alternative compared to the currently utilized waste
management system. The MRF would require approximately 16 acres of land and cost
approximately $127 per ton of diverted material. This would correspond to nearly $46 million of
savings for the city in waste management costs annually.

Waste Monitoring Program 2006 Material Recovery Facility (MRF) Assessment

Cascadia Consulting Group, Inc. (2006)

King County Solid Waste Division commissioned Cascadia Consulting Group to conduct
this assessment of Puget Sound Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs). The objective was to
investigate, document, and provide recommendations to address real or perceived issues
related to:

1. Incoming material,

2. Quantity and types of MRF residuals disposed of, and

3. Product contamination.

This assessment is intended to help the County and cities decipher the cause and
nature of the issues and, if necessary, develop policies to address them. This 2006 study will
support King County and the cities’ waste reduction and recycling efforts and will be used to
help guide the 2001 Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan Update.

The research also included interviews of MRF operators, material brokers, and end
users to document market-driven specifications for recycled products, identify processing
constraints, and develop MRF performance standards and metrics. The following sections of the
Executive Summary present summary level findings, conclusions, and recommendations drawn
from the research conducted. Additional detail can be referenced in the accompanying report
and appendices.

Techno-Economic Assessment of Central Sorting At Material Recovery Facilities The

Case Of Lightweight Packaging Waste

Ciprian Cimpan, Anjan Maul, Henrik Wenzel, Thomas Pretz (2016)

Simulation of technical and economic performance for materials recovery facilities

(MRFs) is a basic requirement for planning new or evaluating existing, separate waste collection
and recycling systems. This study mitigates the current pervasive scarcity of data on process
efficiency and costs by documenting typical steps taken in a techno-economic assessment of
MRFs, using the specific example of lightweight packaging waste (LWP) sorting in Germany.
Thus, the study followed the steps of dimensioning of buildings and equipment, calculation of
processing costs and projections of revenues from material sales and sorting residues disposal
costs. Material flows through the plants were simulated considering both optimal process
conditions and real or typical conditions characterized by downtime and frequent operation at
overcapacity.

By modeling four plants of progressively higher capacity (size) and technological level,
the analysis revealed the cost impact of economies of scale, as well as complementary relations
linking capacity, technology, and process efficiency. Hence, within a fourfold increase in
capacity (from 25,000 to 100,000 tonnes per year), the total capital investment was shown to
triple from 7 to 21 million EUR and the yearly operational expenditure grew by a factor of 2.4
from 2 to 4.7 million EUR. As a result, the specific unit processing cost decreased from 110 to
70 EUR/tonne. Material sales and disposal costs summed to between a net cost of 25
EUR/tonne and net revenue of 50 EUR/tonne. Measured as total materials recovery, the
difference between optimal and typical operation was approximately 15% points. The complex
nature of LWP waste combined with challenging processing conditions were identified as
important factors explaining the relatively low overall recovery efficiencies achieved in these
plants.

Analysis of Material Facilities for use in Life-Cycle Assessment

Phillip N. Pressley, James W. Levis, Anders Damgaard, Morton A. Barlaz (2015)

Insights derived from the life-cycle assessment of solid waste management strategies
depend critically on assumptions, data, and modeling at the unit process level. Based on new
primary data, a process model was developed to estimate the cost and energy use associated
with material recovery facilities (MRFs), which are responsible for sorting recyclables into
saleable streams and as such represent a key piece of recycling infrastructure. The model
includes four modules, each with different process flow, for separation of single-stream, dual-
stream, pre-sorted recyclables, and mixed-waste. Each MRF type has a distinct combination of
equipment and defaults input waste composition. Model results for total amortized costs from
each MRF type ranged from $19.8 to $24.9 per Mg (1Mg=1 metric ton) of waste input. Electricity
use ranged from 4.7 to 7.8kWh per Mg of waste input. In a single-stream MRF, equipment
required for glass separation consumes 28% of total facility electricity consumption, while all
other pieces of material recovery equipment consume less than 10% of total electricity. The
dual-stream and mixed-waste MRFs have similar electricity consumption to a single-stream
MRF. Glass separation contributes a much larger fraction of electricity consumption in a pre-
sorted MRF, due to lower overall facility electricity consumption. Parametric analysis revealed
that reducing separation efficiency for each piece of equipment by 25% altered total facility
electricity consumption by less than 4% in each case. When model results were compared with
actual data for an existing single-stream MRF, the model estimated the facility's electricity
consumption within 2%. The results from this study can be integrated into LCAs of solid waste
management with system boundaries that extend from the curb through final disposal.

Socio-Demographic Assessment off Surrounding Community to a Material Recovery

Facility (MRF) and a Dumpsite: The Case of Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines

Van Ryan Kristopher R. Galarpe (2016)

Socio-demographic profile of surrounding community to a Material Recovery Facility

(MRF) dumpsite in Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines. A total of twenty-two (22) survey questionnaire
instrument assessing household profile, opportunities, water resource and utilization, health
status and services, waste management practices, sites management. The households were
scavengers, microfinance businessmen, recovery facility (MRF) contract workers earning below
the per capita poverty threshold. Prevalence of diarrhea, gastrointestinal, and respiratory
diseases clinic and government hospitals. The use of groundwater for bathing, washing,
cleaning, and cooking other than drinking exists. Domestic waste disposal of the examined
households was complex including the collection, dumping elsewhere, recycling, and burning.
Considering the current condition studied area it is recommended to establish an analysis on
the impact of the MRF the groundwater resources and comprehensive health evaluation among
households.

Analysis of Institutional Solid Waste Management Practices: Insights from Two Ghanaian
Universities

Dery Abeiyel Florence (2014)

Academic institutions produce solid wastes which are not disposed of effectively or
economically. The result is littering and accumulation of garbage which causes pollution. This
study examined solid waste generation and management practices in public and private
institutions. To achieve the above objective, a waste audit was carried out over a period of three
weeks. Waste management practices of the institutions were also examined through the
assessment of the institutional arrangement. Additionally, questionnaires about attitudes and
perceptions of current solid waste management were administered.

The study established that during the 2012/2013 academic year, the University of Ghana
(UG) generated 488.3 tons of solid waste from academic and administrative units of which 46%
contained paper while the Central University College (CUC) generated 27.2 tons of solid waste
in academic and administrative units of which 52% was made up of paper. The study, therefore,
revealed that even though both institutions recycle used examination papers, daily paper waste
generated are not recycled. UG spend GH¢193,440 to throw away GH¢29,298 value of
recyclable waste paper annually while CUC spends GH¢142,776 to throw away GH¢1,632
yearly.

A number of barriers to effective waste management were identified, including lack of

knowledge and awareness of proper disposal practices, political commitment and the
inadequacy of legislation and enforcement of laws/regulations. In order for the institutions to
effectively manage the solid waste, management should incorporate source separation of waste
in their institutional planning.

Genesee County: Material Recovery Facility Feasibility

Genesee County Metropolitan Planning Commission and Michigan State University (MSU)
(2016)

According to the study, an MRF is a recycling plant utilized to separate and prepare
recyclable materials for end-user distribution. This 6 project was created by the establishment
of a client partnership between the GCMPC and the School of Planning, Design & Construction
at MSU. This team has elaborated the current social and economic conditions within Genesee
County and laid out several recommendations that we believe are obtainable by the county. The
client has required that the materials involved in this study will be common household
recyclables diverted from residential waste only. This is a direct priority by the current Michigan
Governor, Rick Snyder’s, 2014 state wide recycling goal. An investigation was conducted to
determine what parameters could be required to implement and successfully operate an MRF
under current conditions within the county.

Our methodology has revolved around compiling data that includes general recycling
knowledge and statistics, literature reviews, socioeconomic data, facility site criteria, and case
studies. The group made two site visits to operational MRF’s in Michigan. Our field experiences
have allowed us to observe the day to day operations of a functioning MRF while interviewing
their personnel to acquire the facilities independent data. This data then allows the team to
compare and contrast the MRF’s which then segue to create transferable data. The report
concludes with several recommendations made by our team that explain what will be the best
option for Genesee County regarding an MRF implementation. The recommendations are
broken down into, site location characteristics, facility criteria and costs, education strategy, and
cost recovery. The education strategies that have been proven to heighten recycling rates. With
the close of the 2016 spring semester, this team will have made a recommendation for 7 the
Genesee County Metropolitan Planning Commission. Based on our findings and
recommendations, we believe establishing an MRF is in fact, a feasible opportunity for Genesee
County

Advanced Materials Recovery

James R. Miller (2015)

Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs) continue to become larger and more complex with
more unit processes performed by sophisticated equipment employing advanced technologies.
Understanding this trend requires a brief look at the history of materials recovery, where the
industry is today, and what remains in the waste disposal stream.

In addition, waste reduction and recycling programs have been an important part of
almost every solid waste system throughout the country for the last 30 years. Some
communities have achieved diversion and recycling rates of over 60%, but the national average
hovers around 35%. Although some jurisdictions will continue to experience increased diversion
and recycling as their existing programs and systems mature, many others are looking for the
next step towards achieving higher rates.

Mr Miller acknowledges that municipalities are looking for ways to increase recycling
rates are considering mixed-waste processing in an Advanced MRF, or “dirty” MRF as they are
often called. With proper management, equipment systems, and materials selections, mixed-
waste processing can produce recovered goods of a high quality that can be sold at the upper
end of the price scale on the increasingly competitive global commodity markets. The
information and data from existing MRFs presented in this article will provide insight on
increasing recovery through mixed-waste processing using Advanced Materials Recovery
technologies.

Regional Waste Management/Material Recovery Facility Study Report

Tetra Tech Canada Inc. (2017)

Tetra Tech Canada Inc. (Tetra Tech) was retained by the Town of Okotoks to conduct a
detailed review of the current waste management practices and associated system costs for the
member municipalities of the Foothills Regional Services Commission (FRSC). These findings
will be used to compare with the proposed changes for a regional curbside recycling collection
program and construction of a new material recovery facility (MRF).

The membership of the FRSC includes the towns of Black Diamond, High River, Nanton,
Okotoks, and Turner Valley, and the Municipal District of Foothills, serving a total population of
approximately 60,000. The FRSC has historically been focused on waste disposal and operates
the Foothills Regional Landfill and Resources Recovery Centre (Landfill) which represents the
back end or final destination of the majority of material in the solid waste management system.

The front end of the solid waste management system for the FRSC Region (the Region)
is managed by the member municipalities and citizens are charged accordingly. Some parts of
the collection program (i.e., curbside recycling) are undertaken by private haulers and residents
pay for that service separately from municipal taxes and fees. Currently, the Town of Okotoks is
the only municipality that provides a mandatory curbside recycling program with several
communities in the Region operating transfer stations and recycling centers/depots. In order to
increase waste diversion significantly in the Region, residents require greater access to
diversion services such as curbside collection of recyclables.

A regional recycling program including the curbside collection of recyclables and

development of a regional MRF were studied to identify capital costs, operational costs, and
appropriate governance for the regional waste management system.

The total estimated cost of a regional recycling program is approximately $13 per
household per month. The majority of this cost is required for collecting and transporting
recyclable materials including capital costs for trucks and carts, operational costs to cover labor,
fuel and maintenance, and the cost of administering the program.

A regional MRF would be designed to process 7,250 tonnes of recyclable material per
year to allow for capacity to operate for approximately 20 years when the Region’s population is
expected to reach 100,000. Separation of single-stream materials would be achieved through a
multiple step process combining automated and manual sorting. These separated materials
would then be marketed and sold to manufacturers to use in future products. The total
estimated capital cost for MRF construction is approximately $4.4 million (CAD) or
approximately $4.39 per household per month for capital and operations costs.

The administration of the regional waste management system including the recycling
program could be provided through several governance models including the formation of a
separate legal entity, creation of a Municipal Controlled Corporation, formation of a Part 9
Company, or enhancement of the mandate of the FRSC. The governance review indicated that
enhancing the mandate of the FRSC is the preferred governance model due to the efficiency of
managing all services within one organizational structure, accountability for service delivery, and
support within the region.

Based on initial consultations with internal stakeholders a regional recycling program is

of interest to municipalities in the Region.

Recycling and Material Recovery in Cameroon: Implications for Poverty Alleviation and
Ecological Sustainability

M.Sc. Fred Zisuh Asong (2010)

Recycling and material recovery are gaining more grounds in applicability as viable
options to sustainable solid waste management especially in Municipal Solid Waste
Management (MSWM) schemes. In this dissertation, a critical analysis is made of the MSWM
problem in Cameroon and an assessment of the role Small- and Medium-Size Enterprises have
been playing in the area of recycling and material recovery. The main research methods applied
in this research include fieldwork, administration of questionnaires, interview, and literature
review. Using two case study localities (Limbe and Buea municipalities), the various practices in
MSWM are elaborated, the constraints and challenges faced by management discussed and
proposals for either expanding/upgrading existing schemes to be more sustainable as well as
strategies to initiate new systems presented. Innovations within collection systems such as the
introduction of household bins and specialized collection of specific waste could be quite
beneficial to existing schemes.

In addition, an assessment of efforts and constraints to implementing comprehensive

recycling and recovery schemes in Cameroon was also carried out. Results show that there are
existing practices on which comprehensive recycling and recovery can be built upon that would
be beneficial to both councils and engaged schemes – mostly SMEs and NGOs. The challenges
faced and likely to be faced and the way forward to implementing any broad scale recovery and
recycling are presented.

Material Recovery Facility (MRF) Monitoring and Evaluation System (MES)

Engr. Josephine Q. Salillas, MIT, Jayrelle B. Sy, MIT, Christine D. Bustamante, MEd Engr.
Rene A. Salmingo, MTM and Charwin M. Padilla, MIT (2017)

The Material Recovery Facility (MRF) Monitoring and Evaluation System (MES) is a
web-based application that aim to automate the manual process of recording and monitoring of
the different solid waste in the local government units (LGUs) in Negros Occidental, Philippines.
It was designed for the Solid Waste Management Office to enhance the monitoring and
recording of the segregated solid waste. The methods used in conducting this research were a
descriptive method and developmental research for the software development and design of the
system. The ISO/IEC 25022 (SQuaRE) — Measurement of Quality in Use was utilized to
evaluate the performance efficiency and functionality of the system. The system was evaluated
by selected Information Technology specialists and Environmental experts through purposing
sampling. The results of evaluation of the system were very good. This means that the system
was applicable and ready to implement to the MRF of the different LGU in Negros Occidental to
monitor their solid waste.

The indispensable role of the MRF on proper solid waste management was noted. It was
also noted that the MRFs’ recording is manually made using log sheets. It takes time to gather
all the records and the worst scenario is the misplacing the records (Bustamante 2013: “San
Carlos City’s Materials Recovery Facility: Its Impact and Efficiency”). Driven by the idea of
providing a system that has the capability of gathering and organizing solid waste management
data as well as the generation of reports with ease and efficiency and with the technology today
the Material Recovery Facility (MRF) Monitoring and Evaluation System (MES) was developed.

Consolidate Material Recovery Facility and Compost Feasibility Study

University of California, Santa Cruz (2014)

To further the success of current practices and meet the Zero Waste challenge, UCSC
commissioned a team of consultants versed in campus planning and resource recovery to
assess the feasibility of establishing an on-campus consolidated material recovery facility. The
team was charged with evaluating two pre-vetted sites on the campus in terms of each site's
economic and environmental viability to serve UCSC's current and future resource recovery and
composting needs. The site assessment and evaluation is described in detail in the following
Consolidated Material Recovery Facility and Compost Feasibility Study. The study outlines
UCSC's various waste streams and its current processing systems, then evaluates six waste
diversion alternatives. Qualitative analysis of each option's potential to meet UCSC's goals,
remain cost-effective, improve operating efficiencies, enhance land use, and maximize
educational opportunities reveals that centralization of all operations in one consolidated
material recovery facility is the best option for the Campus to pursue.

The study also provides a detailed analysis of the two pre-selected sites, known as the
Bowl and North Remote, as potential homes for a consolidated material recovery facility.
Although no site is without its challenges, the Bowl offers adequate space to accommodate all
of UCSC's current and future waste diversion efforts, is large enough to house stormwater
management features, encourages potential partnering with neighboring Center for Agroecology
& Sustainable Food Systems (CASFS), is accessible to the larger campus, and has minimal
impact on existing parking. The Bowl has been selected as the preferred site for future material
recovery efforts.

Flexible Packaging Sortation at Materials Recovery Facilities

Kerry Sandford and Christopher King (2016)

This research report on Flexible Packaging Sortation at Materials Recovery Facilities

(MRFs) was prepared by Resource Recycling Systems (RRS) on behalf of the Materials
Recovery for the Future (MRFF) project. The purpose of the report is to provide a transparent
account of the research objectives, methodology and results to those working to accelerate
solutions that improve the recovery of flexible packaging. The report examines whether flexible
packaging that is predominantly plastic and currently not recycled in the MRF could be
separated effectively in the North American residential single-stream recycling system. The
results of RRS’ preliminary modeling identified several pathways to increase the recovery of
flexible based on the past work of other pilot projects. The overarching goal was to find the most
cost-effective pathway to separate and create a flexible packaging commodity bale for
reprocessing or conversion to energy. RRS also provide a transparent account of the research
objectives, methodology, and results to those working to accelerate solutions that improve the
recovery of flexible packaging. The target flexible plastic packaging product still contained a
large amount of paper, but over the two MRF tests, the product purity was improved from 28%
to 46% flexible plastic packaging. Finally, the increased capture to the target product meant less
flexible plastic packaging remaining in paper products, demonstrating the potential to reduce
contamination of fiber bales if flexible plastic packaging is accepted in MRFs.

Material Recovery Facilities and Transfer Stations

Mike Kalish (2017)

Waste sorting and segregation benefit communities by removing recoverable materials

from the waste stream. Solid waste transfer stations, material recovery facilities (MRFs),
construction and demolition debris recycling facilities, and composting facilities are solving the
problems associated with local landfill closure and limited landfill airspace. Both efficiency and
dollars are lost when packer-truck drivers spend more time on the road to the landfill than they
do on their routes. As states and communities seek to reduce the amount of organic waste
disposed of in landfills and use them as a resource, organics management and diversion is
increasing around the country. This article implies transfer stations and MRFs are cornerstones
of effective solid waste management and recycling and diversion programs. Transfer stations
and MRFs designed by SCS Engineers range in size from 50 to over 5,000 tons per day and
operate in a wide range of conditions.

Material Recovery Facility Material Flow Study

Allyson Wilson (2015)

That’s what five national trade associations, representing a wide range of packaging
types, set out to discover with the Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) Material Flow Study.
Working together with the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers (APR), Carton
Council of North America (CCNA), Foodservice Packaging Institute (FPI) and the National
Association for PET Container Resources (NAPCOR) we wanted to learn more about how
materials similar to the test samples and other study materials would flow through typical MRF
environment. And which of the study materials, not currently accepted by MRFs, could
potentially be recycled using existing MRF infrastructure. Finally, we wanted to begin to
understand what sort of processes could be modified to allow the effective recovery of sample
materials.

That’s what five national trade associations, representing a wide range of packaging
types, set out to discover with the Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) Material Flow Study.
Working together with the Association of Postconsumer Plastic Recyclers (APR), Carton
Council of North America (CCNA), Foodservice Packaging Institute (FPI) and the National
Association for PET Container Resources (NAPCOR) we wanted to learn more about how
materials similar to the test samples and other study materials would flow through typical MRF
environment. And which of the study materials, not currently accepted by MRFs, could
potentially be recycled using existing MRF infrastructure. Finally, we wanted to begin to
understand what sort of processes could be modified to allow the efficient recovery of sample
materials.

Materials Recovery Facility Tool Kit

Asian Development Bank (ADB) (2013)

In 2007, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) had already warned that the increased
waste in the region, from what was then 760,000 tons per day, would be beyond the capacity of
governments to handle, requiring private involvement in waste management. According to ADB,
both the quantity and nature of wastes have significantly changed due to new production and
consumption patterns and that “rapidly expanding cities are being overwhelmed by the growing
volume and toxicity of wastes disposed on land and into the air and waterways.” Further, the
proper recovery, treatment, or disposal of waste “is increasingly beyond the financial resources
or political will of many national and municipal governments.” Inefficient use of resources and
the often hidden costs of waste management are already affecting the competitiveness of Asian
companies. ADB’s innovative 3R initiative for solid waste management to reduce, reuse, and
recycle waste was launched in 2005 in Tokyo, based on an agreement by the Group of 8
industrialized nations to promote more efficient production and consumption and environmental
conservation. ADB will support the 3R initiative by assisting local governments in providing
storage facilities and markets for compost and recyclable materials and encouraging
community-based initiatives. Through the construction of materials recovery facilities (MRFs),
intended to become part of the municipal waste management, cities will be able to (i) generate
value through recycling and (ii) reduce the volume of final disposal requirements at sanitary
landfill sites.

Evaluation of Performance Indicators Applied to a Material Recovery Facility Fed by

Mixed Packaging Waste

Maria Laura Mastellone, Raffaele Cremiato, Lucio Zaccariello, Roberta Lotito, (2017)

Most of the integrated systems for municipal solid waste management aim to increase
the recycling of secondary materials by means of physical processes including sorting,
shredding and reprocessing. Several restrictions prevent from reaching a very high material
recycling efficiency: the variability of the composition of new-marketed materials used for
packaging production and its shape and complexity are critical issues. The packaging goods are
in fact made of different materials (aluminium, polymers, paper, etc.), possibly assembled,
having different shape (flat, cylindrical, one-dimensional, etc.), density, colours, optical
properties and so on. These aspects limit the effectiveness and efficiency of the sorting and
reprocessing plants. The scope of this study was to evaluate the performance of a large scale
Material Recovery Facility (MRF) by utilizing data collected during a long period of monitoring.
The data-base resulted from the measured data has been organized in four sections: (1) data
related to the type of inlet waste; (2) amount and composition of output products and waste; (3)
operating data(such as worked hours for shift, planned and unscheduled maintenance time,
setting parameters of the equipment, and energy consumption for shift); (4) economic data
(value of each product, disposal price for the produced waste, penalty for non-compliance of
products and waste, etc.). A part of this data base has been utilized to build an executive
dashboard composed by a set of performance indicators suitable to measure the effectiveness
and the efficiency of the MRF operations. The dashboard revealed itself as a powerful tool to
support managers and engineers in their decisions in respect to the market demand or
compliance regulation variation as well as in the designing of the lay-out improvements.

The results indicated that the 40% of the input waste was recovered as valuable
products and that a large part of these (88%) complied with the standards of the recycling
companies. The evaluation of the indicators led to the decision to modify the layout to improve
the interception of some polymers for which the performance indicators were poor. In particular,
two additional optical sorters have to be inserted to increase the yield indicator and to the
overall performance of the facility. Definitely, the results of the work allowed to: increase the
yield and purity of products’ flows; ensure the compliance of waste flows; increase the
workability.

Evaluation of Performance Indicators Applied to a Material Recovery Facility Fed by

Mixed Packaging Waste

Rene A. Salmingo, Josephine Q. Salillas, Jayrelle B. Sy, Christine D. Bustamante, and Charwin
M. Padilla (2017)

Negros Island produces millions of tons of municipal solid waste (MWS) each year
based on the study conducted by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources –
Environmental Management Bureau (DENR – EMB). MWS requires efficient collection, transfer
and Natural Resources Office which supported and collaborated with the researchers. The
study aims to deploy Solid Waste Management System (SWMS) in Cadiz City, Negros
Occidental System (MRF – MES) in collaboration with the Provincial Environment Office
(PEMO) of Negros Occidental. The latter is a web based application that aims to automate the
manual system of recording and monitoring of the different solid waste collection. The methods
used in conducting this research were developmental in the design and installation of the
system and descriptive method were utilized in the evaluation of the system. Moreover, the
proponents used a researcher – mad questionnaire for the evaluation of the system to
determine the performance efficiency, functionality of the system and acceptability of the Solid
Waste Management System in Cadiz City. The findings of the study revealed that the
performance efficiency, functionality and acceptability of the system were very good. Moreover,
the system was acceptable and utilized by Cadiz City Environment and Natural Office.

JICA Helps Waste Management by Introducing Municipal Solid Waste Material

Recovery Facility at Karadiyana through Verification Survey with the Private
sector for Disseminating Japanese Technologies

Japan International Cooperation Agency (2018)

This article support for construction of Municipal Solid Waste Material Recovery Facility through
Japanese private company – Recycle Co. Ltd. Recycle Co. Ltd., started in Chiba, Japan in
1981, has long experience in collection and management of treatment facilities for general
waste. The company has a high technology to separate recyclable items from mixed waste and
convert organic waste into fertilizer.

Sri Lanka has been facing several environmental problems such as water contamination, air
pollution, and odor caused by Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Karadiyana garbage dumping
facility receives nearly 500 tons of MSW a day. Garbage dumped over decades is reaching the
maximum capacity of the dumping site and causing serious environmental problems to
surrounding areas.
With this Waste Material Recovery Facility newly established under JICA Verification survey, out
of 500 tons of MSW, 25 tons/day converts into valuable and organic fertilizer.

Expected outcome of the project could be summarized as below;

 Uplifting livelihood and social status of poor people: The project expects to employ eight
people from the neighbourhood to run the plant which generates living condition of the
people.
 Improvement of Environment of landfill area and controlling epidemic situation and
harmful pests/ insect: This plant reduces 12.9 tons of organic waste per day. By
controlling of methane gas this project helps to reduce approximately 2,889 tons of Co2
per year.
 Soil environment improvement and consumption of compost: 7.5 tons of high quality
compost can be produced per day by this project. According to a market research done
by the project, some tea planters agreed to buy their high quality compost.
 Emerging of Resource recycling Industry

Synergy in the Urban Solid Waste Management System in Malolos City, Philippines

Marion Micah R. Tinio, Analiza P. Rollon, and Tolentino B. Moya (2018)

The paper demonstrates through system dynamics modelling how the following
variables work together in the urban solid waste management (USWM) system:
population, city income, public participation, composting and recycling, and greenhouse
gas emissions. Malolos City, Philippines, is used as a case study for three ten-year
model scenarios: (1) USWM with no composting and recycling, (2) USWM with an
operational materials recovery and composting facility (MRCF), and (3) USWM with
operational MRCF and incorporated effects of public participation towards solid waste
management practices. The operation of the MRCF in Scenario 2 reduced total volume
of disposed solid waste by about 25,000 tons but increased total expenses for solid
waste management by about Php 37M. The incorporation of the effects of public
participation in Scenario 3 further reduced the volume of disposed solid waste by about
103,900 tons; reduced the volume of generated solid waste by around 101,000 tons; and
allowed the informal collection of 9,966 tons of recyclables. Estimates of CH4 and CO2
emissions also decreased in Scenario 3. The results revealed how composting and
recycling and public participation affects the USWM through reduced waste volumes and
increased savings.