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P1695 [Total No. of Pages : 4
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T.E. (Mech./Auto./Mech.-Sandwich)
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HEAT TRANSFER
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(2015 Pattern)
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Time : 2½ Hours] [Max. Marks : 70
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Instructions to the candidates:/20
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1) Solve Q.1 or 2, Q.3 or 4, Q.5 or 6, Q.7 or 8, Q.9 or 10.
2) Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
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3) Use of non-programmable pocket calculator is allowed.
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4) Draw neat diagram whenever necessary.
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Q1) a) Write down the three dimensional heat conduction equations only with
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standard notation in Cylindrical and Spherical coordinates. [4]
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is k = 0.8 W/m-K. The temperature of the inner and the outer surface of
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the roof on one night are measured to be 15ºC and 4ºC, respectively for
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i) The rate of heat loss through the roof that night and
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ii) The cost of the heat lost to the home owner if the cost of electricity tic
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is R 8.63/ kWh.
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Also the voltage drop and electric current through the wire are measured
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transfer between the outer surface of the wire and the air in the room. [6]
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P.T.O.
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Q3) a) Plane wall exposed to convection environment on its sides, with heat
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generation, write down boundary conditions. [2]
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b) A 15 mm diameter mild steel sphere (k = 42 W/m ºC) is exposed to
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cooling air flow at 20 ºC resulting in the convective coefficient h = 120
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W/m2 ºC. Determine the following-
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i) Time required for cooling the sphere from 550°C to 90°C.
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ii) Instantaneous heat transfer rate 2 min. after the start of cooling
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iii) Total energy transferred from the sphere during the first 2 min.
For mild steel take: Density = 7850 kg/m3, Specific Heat = 475 J/kg ºC,
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Thermal Diffusivity = 0.045 m2/h
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Q4) a) What is a time constant? [2]
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b) A centrifugal pump which circulates hot liquid metal at 500 ºC is driven
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by electric motor; the motor is coupled to the pump impeller by horizontal
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steel shaft 25 mm in diameter. The temperature of the motor is limited to
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maximum value 60 ºC with ambient air 25 ºC. What length of the shaft
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should be specified between motor and the pump? The thermal
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conductivity of shaft material is 35 W/mK and convective film coefficient
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between steel shaft and air is 15.7 W/m2K. Consider the steel shaft as fin
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Q5) a) Explain in detail the velocity boundary layer and thermal boundary layer.[6]
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b) Air at 2 bar and 200 °C is heated as it flows through a tube with a
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per unit length of the tube, if a constant heat flux condition is maintained
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at the wall and the wall temperature is 20 ºC above the air temperature, all
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along the length of the tube. How much would the bulk temperature
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= l.493 kg/m3
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Q6) a) What are the differences between natural and force convection? Give
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examples. [6]
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b) A nuclear reactor with its core constructed of parallel vertical plates
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2.2 m high and 1.4 m wide has been designed on free convection heating
of liquid bismuth. The maximum temperature of the plate surface is limited
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to 960 ºC while the lowest allowable temperature of bismuth is 340 ºC.
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Calculate the maximum possible heat dissipation from both sides of
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each plate.
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For the convection coefficient, the approximate co relation is,
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Nu = 0.13 (Gr. Pr)0.333
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= l04 kg/m3, µ = 3.12 kg/m-h, Cp = 150.7 J/kg.K, k = 13.02 W/m.K,
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Q7) a) What is a solid angle? Explain with diagram. [6]
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b) Define Kirchhoffs law and prove that when the black body is thermally
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equilibrium with the surrounding its emissivity is equal to absorptivity.[4]
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c) Find the shape factor with respect to itself in given figure below. Assume
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c) Two large parallel planes with emissivity 0.6 are at 900 K and 300 K. A
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radiation shield with side polished and having emissivity of 0.05, while
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shield to face the hotter plane, if the temperature of the shield is kept to
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Q9) a) For counter flow heat exchanger prove that,
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LMTD = ( Δ T1 Δ T2) / ln ( Δ T1/ Δ T2)
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With standard notation. [8]
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b) In a shell and tube heat Exchanger, tubes are 4 m long, 3,1 cm O.D. and
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2.7 cm I.D. Water is heated from 22 ºC to 45 ºC by condensing steam at
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100 ºC on the outsides of the tubes. Water flow rate through the tubes is
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10 kg/s. Heat transfer coefficient on steam side is 5500 W/m2K and
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water side is 850 W/m2K. Neglect material resistance as well as fouling
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resistance, dont consider the correction factor. Find the number of tubes.
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Q10) a) Explain in detail the pool boiling curve. [6]
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c) Write a short note on : [8]
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i) Heat Pipe.
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