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Total No. of Questions : 10] SEAT No.

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P1695 [Total No. of Pages : 4

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T.E. (Mech./Auto./Mech.-Sandwich)

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HEAT TRANSFER

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(2015 Pattern)

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Time : 2½ Hours] [Max. Marks : 70
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Instructions to the candidates:/20
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1) Solve Q.1 or 2, Q.3 or 4, Q.5 or 6, Q.7 or 8, Q.9 or 10.
2) Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
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3) Use of non-programmable pocket calculator is allowed.

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4) Draw neat diagram whenever necessary.

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5) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

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Q1) a) Write down the three dimensional heat conduction equations only with
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standard notation in Cylindrical and Spherical coordinates. [4]
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b) The roof of an electrically heated home is 6 m long, 8 m wide and 0.25 m


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thick and is made of a flat layer of concrete whose thermal conductivity


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is k = 0.8 W/m-K. The temperature of the inner and the outer surface of
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the roof on one night are measured to be 15ºC and 4ºC, respectively for
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a period of 10 hours. Determine [6]

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i) The rate of heat loss through the roof that night and
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ii) The cost of the heat lost to the home owner if the cost of electricity tic
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is R 8.63/ kWh.
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Q2) a) What are the different types of insulators. [4]


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b) A 2 m long and 0.3 cm diameter electric wire extends across a room at


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15 ºC. Heat is generated in the wire as a result of resistance heating and


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surface temperature of wire is measured to be 152 ºC in steady operation.


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Also the voltage drop and electric current through the wire are measured
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to be 60 V and 1.5 A, respectively. Disregarding any heat transfer by


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radiation, determine the convection heat transfer coefficient for heat


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transfer between the outer surface of the wire and the air in the room. [6]
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Q3) a) Plane wall exposed to convection environment on its sides, with heat

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generation, write down boundary conditions. [2]

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b) A 15 mm diameter mild steel sphere (k = 42 W/m ºC) is exposed to

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cooling air flow at 20 ºC resulting in the convective coefficient h = 120

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W/m2 ºC. Determine the following-

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i) Time required for cooling the sphere from 550°C to 90°C.

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ii) Instantaneous heat transfer rate 2 min. after the start of cooling

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iii) Total energy transferred from the sphere during the first 2 min.
For mild steel take: Density = 7850 kg/m3, Specific Heat = 475 J/kg ºC,

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Thermal Diffusivity = 0.045 m2/h
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Q4) a) What is a time constant? [2]

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b) A centrifugal pump which circulates hot liquid metal at 500 ºC is driven
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by electric motor; the motor is coupled to the pump impeller by horizontal
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steel shaft 25 mm in diameter. The temperature of the motor is limited to
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maximum value 60 ºC with ambient air 25 ºC. What length of the shaft
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should be specified between motor and the pump? The thermal
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conductivity of shaft material is 35 W/mK and convective film coefficient
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between steel shaft and air is 15.7 W/m2K. Consider the steel shaft as fin
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with insulated end. [8]


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Q5) a) Explain in detail the velocity boundary layer and thermal boundary layer.[6]
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b) Air at 2 bar and 200 °C is heated as it flows through a tube with a
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diameter of 25.4 mm at a velocity of 10 m/s. Calculate the heat transfer tic


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per unit length of the tube, if a constant heat flux condition is maintained
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at the wall and the wall temperature is 20 ºC above the air temperature, all
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along the length of the tube. How much would the bulk temperature
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increase over 3 m length of the tube?


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Properties of Air at temperature at 200 ºC:


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= l.493 kg/m3
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Cp= 1.025 kJ/kg.K, kf = 0.0386 W/m.K,


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µ = 2.57× 10–5 Ns/m2, Pr = 0.68l


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Use the co relation Ave. Nu = 0.023.Re0.8. Pr0.4 [10]


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Q6) a) What are the differences between natural and force convection? Give

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examples. [6]

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b) A nuclear reactor with its core constructed of parallel vertical plates

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2.2 m high and 1.4 m wide has been designed on free convection heating
of liquid bismuth. The maximum temperature of the plate surface is limited

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to 960 ºC while the lowest allowable temperature of bismuth is 340 ºC.

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Calculate the maximum possible heat dissipation from both sides of

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each plate.
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For the convection coefficient, the approximate co relation is,
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Nu = 0.13 (Gr. Pr)0.333
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Where, different parameters are evaluated at the mean film temperature


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with standard notation.


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= l04 kg/m3, µ = 3.12 kg/m-h, Cp = 150.7 J/kg.K, k = 13.02 W/m.K,

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Q7) a) What is a solid angle? Explain with diagram. [6]
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b) Define Kirchhoff’s law and prove that when the black body is thermally
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equilibrium with the surrounding its emissivity is equal to absorptivity.[4]
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c) Find the shape factor with respect to itself in given figure below. Assume
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surface 1 is a hemispherical cavity. [6]


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Q8) a) Define gray body? [2]


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b) What are properties of view factor? [6]


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c) Two large parallel planes with emissivity 0.6 are at 900 K and 300 K. A
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radiation shield with side polished and having emissivity of 0.05, while
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emissivity of other side is 0.4 is proposed to be used. Which side of the


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shield to face the hotter plane, if the temperature of the shield is kept to
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be minimum? Justify your answer. [8]


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Q9) a) For counter flow heat exchanger prove that,

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LMTD = ( Δ T1 – Δ T2) / ln ( Δ T1/ Δ T2)

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With standard notation. [8]

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b) In a shell and tube heat Exchanger, tubes are 4 m long, 3,1 cm O.D. and

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2.7 cm I.D. Water is heated from 22 ºC to 45 ºC by condensing steam at

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100 ºC on the outsides of the tubes. Water flow rate through the tubes is

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10 kg/s. Heat transfer coefficient on steam side is 5500 W/m2K and

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water side is 850 W/m2K. Neglect material resistance as well as fouling
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resistance, don’t consider the correction factor. Find the number of tubes.
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Q10) a) Explain in detail the pool boiling curve. [6]

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b) Differentiate between film wise and drop wise condensation [4]

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c) Write a short note on : [8]
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i) Heat Pipe.
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ii) Electronic Cooling system.


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