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24 September 2016
REUTERS
He remains in the saddle but not everyone thinks he is heading in the right direction
Jeremy Corbyn's election in September 2015 as Labour leader, at the age of 66,
counted as one of the biggest upsets in British political history.
His re-election to the post almost a year later was not such a surprise but could prove
even more momentous in terms of Labour's direction in the coming years and the future
course of British politics.
If that is the case, Mr Corbyn will be a highly influential figure during one of the most
important political periods of the past 50 years - as the clock ticks down to the UK's exit
from the EU following the Brexit referendum vote.
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But to his army of supporters he is the only honest man left in politics, someone who can
inspire a new generation of activists, and make them believe that there is an alternative to
the neo-liberal Thatcherite consensus that has let them down so badly.
The veteran Labour politician says politics is about fighting for causes one believes in
A fixture on the British left for more than 40 years, he has been an almost ever-present
figure at demos and marches, a joiner of committees, a champion of controversial causes,
a tireless pamphleteer, handy with a megaphone.
But not even his most ardent admirers would have had him down as a future leader of Her
Majesty's opposition. And not just because he believes in the abolition of the Monarchy.
Corbyn's brand of left-wing politics was meant to have been consigned to the dustbin of
history by New Labour.
He belongs to what had been a dwindling band of MPs, which also includes Diane Abbott
and John McDonnell, who held fast to their socialist principles as their party marched
moved right - and into power - under Tony Blair.
'My turn'
At the start of the 2015 leadership contest, after scraping on to the ballot paper at the last
minute, thanks to charity nominations from Labour MPs who wanted a token left-wing
candidate to "broaden the debate", he explained to The Guardian why he had decided
to run.
GETTY IMAGES
Jeremy Corbyn was greeted by rapturous crowds during his 2015 victory
That view was quickly revised as Corbynmania took hold. Something about the Islington
North MP struck a chord with Labour leadership voters in a way that his three younger,
more polished, more careerist, rivals patently did not.
Despite, or perhaps because, of his unassuming, low-key style, he seemed able to inspire
people who had lost faith in Labour during the Blair/Brown years and bring hope to young
activists fired up by his anti-austerity message.
His entry into the contest also prompted a surge in people - many from the left of the
existing Labour membership - joining the party or paying £3 to become registered
supporters.
His perceived integrity and lifelong commitment to the socialist cause made him an
attractive option to many left-wing voters jaded by the spin and soundbites of the
Westminster political classes.
Over the course of a year or so since becoming leader he has become something of a cult
figure - ironic for someone who always insisted he didn't do personality politics and had
never tried to cultivate a following among MPs.
Legendary frugality
He once confessed he had never smoked cannabis - practically unheard of in the left-wing
circles he grew up in, but the mark of a man who is known for his austere, almost ascetic,
approach to life.
His frugality is legendary. He usually has the lowest expenses claims of any MP.
"Well, I don't spend a lot of money, I lead a very normal life, I ride a bicycle and I don't
have a car," he told The Guardian.
Asked what his favourite biscuit was during a Mumsnet Q&A , he answered: "I'm totally
anti-sugar on health grounds, so eat very few biscuits, but if forced to accept one, it's
always a pleasure to have a shortbread."
He spent his early years in the picturesque Wiltshire village of Kington St Michael. When
he was seven, the family moved to a seven-bedroomed manor house in the hamlet of
Pave Lane, in Shropshire.
The youngest of four boys, he enjoyed an idyllic childhood in what he himself has called a
rural "Tory shire".
Corbyn off-duty
Personal life: Lives with third wife. Has three sons from earlier marriage.
Food and drink: A vegetarian who rarely drinks alcohol. According to The Guardian, his
favourite restaurant is Gaby's diner in London's West End, where he likes to eat hummus
after taking part in demonstrations in Trafalgar Square.
Hobbies: Running, cycling, cricket and Arsenal football club. According to the Financial
Times: "He loves making jam with fruit grown on his allotment, belongs to the All Party
Parliamentary Group for Cheese and is a borderline trainspotter." He does not own a car.
He is known for having an unusual hobby - an interest in the history and design of
manhole covers.
Culture: A lover of the works of Irish poet WB Yeats. His favourite novelist is said to be
the late Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe, whose most famous work, Things Fall Apart, is
about the tensions between colonialism and traditional societies. He is a fluent Spanish
speaker and enjoys Latin American literature. His favourite films are said to be The Great
Gatsby and Casablanca.
His brother Piers, now a meteorologist known for denying climate change is a product of
human activity, has described the Corbyn boys as "country bumpkins".
Corbyn disagrees with his brother on climate change but they remain close. They both
Their maths teacher mother Naomi and electrical engineer father David were peace
campaigners who met at a London rally for supporters of Spain's Republicans in the fight
against Franco's fascists.
Piers, who would go on to be a well-known squatters leader in 1960s London, was even
further to the left than Jeremy.
Both boys joined the local Wrekin Labour Party and the Young Socialists while still at
school.
Corbyn had begun his education at the fee-paying preparatory school, Castle House, in
Newport, before moving into the state sector, after passing his 11-plus.
He was one of only two Labour-supporting boys at Adams Grammar School, in Newport,
when his class held a mock election in 1964.
In an interview with The Sun, his friend Bob Mallett recalls Corbyn being jeered by his
right-wing schoolmates: "Jeremy was the Labour candidate and I his campaign manager
because at a middle-class boarding grammar school in leafy Shropshire, there weren't
many socialists. We were trounced."
Corbyn left Adams with two A levels, both at grade E, and an enduring hatred of selective
education.
Corbyn in quotes
"It was an illegal war and therefore [Tony Blair] has to explain to that. Is he going to be
tried for it? I don't know. Could he be tried for it? Possibly," on the Iraq war.
"Are super-rich people actually happy with being super-rich? I would want the super rich
to pay properly their share of the needs of the rest of the community," on Channel 4 News.
"He was a fascinating figure who observed a great deal and from whom we can learn a
great deal," on Karl Marx to the BBC's Andrew Marr.
"Without exception, the majority electricity, gas, water and railway infrastructures of Britain
were built through public investment since the end of WW2 and were all privatised at
knockdown prices for the benefit of greedy asset-strippers by the Thatcher and Major-led
"Some people say to me, are we still worried about Hiroshima. My reply is that the
weapons were used specifically against civilians and while 'fireworks' compared to what is
now available, killed and have killed for the past 59 years. Nuclear weapons have saved
no lives, killed thousands and maimed many more and impoverished the poor nations
who have them," on his website.
"I started wearing a beard when I was 19 and living in Jamaica; they called me 'Mr
Beardman,'" on winning the Beard Liberation Front's Beard of the Year award in 2002.
He reportedly split up with his second wife Claudia after she insisted on sending their son
Ben - now a football coach with Premier League Watford - to Queen Elizabeth Grammar
School, in Barnet, instead of an Islington comprehensive.
After leaving school, Corbyn spent two years in Jamaica, with Voluntary Service
Overseas, something he has described as an "amazing" experience.
Back in the UK he threw himself into trade union activism, initially with now long defunct
National Union of Tailors and Garment Makers.
PA
He started a course in Trade Union Studies at North London Polytechnic but left after a
"He probably knew more than them," Piers told The Sun.
But his real passion was for Labour Party politics - and in 1974 he was elected to
Haringey District Council, in North London.
In the same year he married fellow Labour councillor, Jane Chapman, a university
lecturer.
Chapman says she married Corbyn for his "honesty" and "principles" but she soon grew
weary of his intense focus on politics.
"Politics became our life. He was out most evenings because when we weren't at
meetings he would go to the Labour headquarters, and do photocopying - in those days
you couldn't print because there were no computers,' she told The Mail on Sunday.
GETTY IMAGES
"If Jeremy Corbyn becomes leader it won't be a defeat like 1983 or 2015 at the next
election. It will mean rout, possibly annihilation", former Labour leader and prime
minister Tony Blair.
"The showbiz glitz of New Labour temporarily hid the hole where the heart of Labour was
supposed to be. Now the 'Corbynites' (whoever expected to use that phrase?) are trying
to hide that hole behind some old banners and a bloke with a beard," left-wing
commentator Mick Hume.
"There is something inherently virtuous about him, and that is a quality that can rally the
support of a lot of people, and most importantly, a lot of young people," singer and
activist Charlotte Church (pictured).
"While most of his chums have all moderated their views, dumped their corduroy jackets
and grey suits, shaved their beards and quietly cancelled their CND subscriptions, [he]
has hardly changed a bit; he is the Fidel Castro of London N1," Telegraph journalist
Robert Hardman.
They shared a love of animals, they had a tabby cat called Harold Wilson, and enjoyed
camping holidays together in Europe on Corbyn's motorbike.
But fun was in short supply at home, recalls Chapman, who remains in touch with Corbyn
and backed his leadership bid.
During their five years together he never once took her dinner, she told The Mail,
preferring instead to "grab a can of beans and eat it straight from the can" to save time.
In 1987, Corbyn married Claudia Bracchita, a Chilean exile, with whom he had three sons.
The youngest, Tommy, was born while Corbyn was lecturing NUPE members elsewhere
in the same hospital. Twenty-five-year-old Seb has been helping out on his father's
leadership campaign.
Corbyn got married for a third time last year, to his long term partner Laura Alvarez, a 46-
year-old Mexican fair trade coffee importer.
In the bitter internal warfare that split Labour in the late 1970s and early eighties, Corbyn
was firmly on the side of the quasi-Marxist hard left.
A Labour man to his fingertips - he was no Militant "entryist" trying to infiltrate the party by
stealth - he nevertheless found common cause with former Trotskyists such as Ted
Knight, and joined them in their battle to push the party to the left.
He became a disciple of Tony Benn, sharing his mentor's brand of democractic socialism,
with its belief in worker controlled industries and state planning of the economy, as well as
Benn's commitment to unilateral nuclear disarmament and a united Ireland.
Corbyn's causes
Here is just a small selection of the campaigns Jeremy Corbyn has been involved
with over the past 50 years.
Irish Republicanism: Organised Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams' visit to the Commons in
1983. Once employed Irish Republican dissident Ronan Bennett as a member of staff at
Westminster
Miners' strike: Invited striking miners into Commons gallery in 1985 who were expelled
for shouting "Coal not Dole"
Miscarriages of justice: Worked on on behalf of the Guildford Four and Birmingham Six,
who were eventually found to be have been wrongly convicted of IRA bombings in
England in the mid-1970s
Animal rights: Joined the League Against Cruel Sports at school, became a vegetarian
at 20, after working on a pig farm
Gay rights: Spoke out in 1983 on a "No socialism without gay liberation" platform and
continued to campaign for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender rights
Corbyn was never seen as a great orator like Benn, or a firebrand like miners' leader
Arthur Scargill, but he worked tirelessly behind the scenes, his trousers stained with
purple ink from the copying machines that produced the pamphlets and newspapers that
were the lifeblood of the British Left in the pre-internet era.
He ran the London Labour Briefing newspaper, which helped propel Ken Livingstone to
power on the Greater London Council.
He was elected to Parliament in 1983, to represent his home patch of Islington North, a
seat he has held ever since and where he has increased his majority from 5,600 to
21,000, and as a back benchers was by most accounts a popular and hard-working MP.
The Bennite faction that Corbyn belonged to was already in retreat, following their leader's
failure to capture the deputy leadership of the party in 1981.
'Modernisation'
After fighting and losing the 1983 election on arguably the most left-wing manifesto it had
ever put before the British public, with its commitment to renationalising the utilities just
privatised by the Thatcher government, pulling out of the EU, nuclear disarmament and
the creation of a "national investment bank" to create jobs, Labour began the painful
process of "modernisation" that led to the birth of New Labour.
And Corbyn would spend the next 32 years on the backbenches fighting a rearguard
action against his party's abandonment of the radical policies and values contained in the
'83 manifesto in the name of electability, under Neil Kinnock, John Smith and, most
notably, Tony Blair.
Corbyn has suggested Tony Blair should face a war crimes trial
Corbyn might have hailed from the same North London district as Blair and entered
Parliament in the same year but that is where the similarity ended.
He abhorred Blair's embrace of free market economics and did his best to be a thorn in
the younger man's side throughout his time in Downing Street, although Blair's large
majorities ensured the damage was barely noticeable.
He would always vote with his conscience, rather than be dictated to by the party whips.
It earned him the accolade of being Labour's most rebellious MP, defying the party
managers more than 500 times.
It also meant he and his allies became increasingly isolated, with their views and
interventions ignored by the mainstream media and most of their colleagues on the
Labour benches.
Blair's dire warnings that Labour would face "annihilation" if it elected Corbyn during the
leadership contest were met by Corbyn with a suggestion that his predecessor as Labour
leader should probably face trial for war crimes over his role in the Iraq war.
Corbyn has been a stalwart of the British left for more than 40 years
PA
Corbyn and his comrades - unlike their modernising colleagues they would use the term
without irony - routinely attached themselves to any cause that felt like it would strike a
Internationalist in outlook, they would proclaim solidarity with socialist campaigns and
governments in places like Cuba, Chile, Nicaragua, El Salvador and attack US policies
that, in Corbyn's view, enslaved the Latin American world.
He incurred the wrath of the Labour leadership early on his career when he invited two
former IRA prisoners to speak at Westminster, two weeks after the Brighton bomb that
had nearly killed Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet.
Later on it would be his willingness to share platforms with representatives of Hamas and
Hezbollah that would put him at the centre of controversy. When challenged, he insists he
does not share their views but that peace will never be achieved without talking to all
sides.
He chaired the Stop the War Coalition and became a leading figure in the anti-austerity
movement, which began to attract large crowds of young activists eager for something to
believe in and to take the fight to then Prime Minister David Cameron.
Still, no one gave Corbyn a prayer when he entered the contest to succeed Ed Miliband
as Labour leader, with bookmakers offering a price of 200-1.
His elevation to rock star status, among the crowds who flocked to his leadership
campaign meetings, must have been as much of a shock to Corbyn as it was to his
opponents, but he never showed it.
He carried on, just as he always had, railing against inequality, talking about hope,
promising to renationalise industries, tax the rich and scrap Trident, and wearing the same
white, open-necked shirt with pens sticking out of the top pocket.
The Labour leader has sought to bring a new approach to Prime Minister's Questions
During that leadership campaign Jeremy Corbyn is understood to have rejected pleas
from some supporters for him to stand aside, having made his point and injected new life
into Labour's left, to leave the field clear for a younger candidate who might have more
electoral appeal. He appeared determined to make a go of the leadership.
Many "moderate" shadow cabinet members returned to the backbenches rather than
serve under him but he was able to put together a top team that reflected a broad range of
opinion within the party.
Leadership challenge
The coalition behind Mr Corbyn held together for nine months, despite growing discontent
among Labour MPs who had never wanted him as leader and could not accept either his
style of leadership or his policies.
The EU referendum brought things to a head. Corbyn, who had been a Eurosceptic as a
backbencher, was accused of mounting a half-hearted campaign to keep Britain in the EU
Labour MPs, some of whom had been plotting to topple Corbyn at some point, saw this as
the chance to make their move to try and force him to stand down, amid fears they would
be wiped out at a snap election they expected to follow the referendum with him as leader.
PA
Owen Smith said his rival was unelectable but Mr Corbyn trounced him at the polls
He faced a mass walkout from the shadow cabinet and then a vote of no confidence,
which he lost by 172 votes to 40, as Labour MPs - enemies and previously loyal shadow
ministers alike - urged him to quit.
He refused to budge, pointing to the huge mandate he had received from Labour
members and arguing that he had done better than many had expected in the electoral
tests he had faced since becoming leader.
MPs selected Owen Smith, a former member of his shadow cabinet who claimed to share
the same left wing values, to take him on in another leadership election.
The Labour leader continued to draw in crowds that other politicians can only dream of
GETTY IMAGES
But critics joked that his endorsement by UB40 showed he was stuck in the 1980s
So Jeremy Corbyn, the reluctant leader who had to be persuaded to stand in 2015, now
found himself fighting to hold on to a position he never expected to hold, this time as
And, back on the campaign trail among his own supporters, he seemed to rather enjoy
himself.
As was the case a year earlier, thousands of people flocked to hear Mr Corbyn speak at
rallies across the country - 10,000 turned up at a single event in Liverpool - as he sought
to tap directly into grassroots support for his message as a counterweight to the perceived
hostility of the "mainstream media".
Mr Corbyn's re-election has strengthened his position, with signs some of his critics are
willing to serve under him again despite their differences.
But it remains to be seen whether his commitment to reach out to his opponents and
focus squarely on winning the next election will act as springboard to a new phase of his
leadership or prove only a temporary respite in what some have said is an existential
battle for control of the party.
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