MODUL TURBIN PERFORMANCE

OPTIMASI & EFISIENCY

oleh : santoso budi

santoso budi, Fak Tek Mesin, UNTIRTA ,

santosobud@yahoo.com, HP 08129589918
 CURICULUM VITAE
Nama : Santoso Budi
Tgl,tempat lahir : 22 Oktober 1954, Jogjakarta
Pekerjaan : PT . Indonesia Power ( Purna Bhakti)
Doster Fak Tek Mesin UNTIRTA ( non aktip )
Acessor LPK Propinsi Banten ( Disnaker )
Acessor Bidang Pembangkit ( DJK)
Instruktur PT. PLN UDIKLAT Suralaya
Instruktur Boiler PT . ELBANA (LP2K3)
Instruktur Boiler PT . Sundoro Asia (LP2K3)
Instruktur Turbin PT . Tehnik Wisnu Pratama (LP2K3)

Pendidikan Formal :
❖ Sekolah Teknik Mesin
❖ Poly Teknik ITB Bandung
❖ Teknik Mesin UGM Jogjakata

Pendidikan/kursus non formal :

❖ Maintenance Conveyor System tahun 1996, Samsung, Korea Selatan
❖ Electro Static Presipitator tahun 2007, Denmark
❖ Electrode Wire & EP Mechanism tahun 2007, Swedia
❖ Continous Ship Unloader Krupp tahun 2007, Guang Zho China
❖ Swirl Unloader Mac GREGOR tahun 2007, Filipina
❖ Boiler Plasma Ignition System 2008, Yantai, China
❖ Steam Power Plant 600 Mga Watt 2009, Nancang, China
santoso budi, Fak Tek Mesin UNTIRTA,
santosobud@yahoo.com, HP 08129589918
Steam Power Plant ( Langkah I, ambil data )
Steam Power Plant ( Langkah II gambar dlm p-h)
 Steam Power Plant (Langkah III, cari Enthalpy)
State Position Enthalpy h [kJ/kg]
1 HP turbine inlet h1 = h25MPa, 550°C = 3330 [kJ/kg]
2 HP turbine outlet h2 = h5MPa, 300°C = 2926 [kJ/kg]
3 Reheat turbine inlet h3 = h4.5MPa, 550°C = 3556 [kJ/kg]
4 LP turbine inlet h4 = h800kPa, 350°C = 3162 [kJ/kg]

h5 = h10kPa, quality X=0.93 = hf+X.(hg-hf)

5 LP turbine outlet (quality region) hf = 192 [kJ/kg], hg = 2584 [kJ/kg] =>
h5 = 2417 [kJ/kg]

6 Hotwell outlet (subcooled liquid) h6 = hf@40°C = 168 [kJ/kg]

7 Condensate Pump outlet h7 = h6 = 168 [kJ/kg]
T9 = Tsat@800kPa = 170°C
9 Open Feedwater Heater (saturd liquid)
h9 = hf@800kPa = 721 [kJ/kg]
T10 =T9+5°C = 175°C
10 Feedwater Pump outlet (comps liquid) h10 = h30MPa, 175°C = 756 [kJ/kg]
(Comp liquid)
Steam Power Plant ( Langkah IV, hitung extraction)
DATA ENTHALPHI (Langkah V, cari Enthalpy)
State Position Enthalpy h [kJ/kg]
t8 HP Turbine tap ht8 = h8MPa, 350°C = 2988 [kJ/kg]
T11 = Tsat@8MPa = 295°C
11 Closed Feedwater Heater #8 outlet
h11 = h30MPa, 295°C = 1304 [kJ/kg]

Tf7 = Tsat@5MPa = 264°C

f7 Closed Feedwater Heater #7 outlet
hf7 = h30MPa, 264°C = 1154 [kJ/kg]

Td8 = Tf7+5°C = 269°C

d8 Closed Feedwater Heater #8 drain
hd8 = h8MPa, 269°C = 1179 [kJ/kg]

Tf6 = Tsat@2MPa = 212°C

f6 Closed Feedwater Heater #6 outlet
hf6 = h30MPa, 212°C = 918 [kJ/kg]

Td7 = Tf6+5°C = 217°C

d7 Closed Feedwater Heater #7 drain
hd7 = h5MPa, 217°C = 931 [kJ/kg]

t6 Reheat Turbine tap ht6 = h2MPa, 450°C = 3358 [kJ/kg]

Td6 = T10+5°C = 180°C

d6 Closed Feedwater Heater #6 drain
hd6 = h2MPa, 180°C = 764 [kJ/kg]
 Extract steam Flow HP, IP Section
( h11 - hf7)
y8 = -------------- =
(h t8 - hd8)

( hf7 - hf6) - y8 ( hd8 - hd7)

y7 = -------------------------------- =
(h2 - hd7)

( hf6 - h10) – (y7 + y8)( hd7 - hd6)

y6 = ----------------------------------------- =
(ht6 - hd6)

(h9 - h8) – (y6 + y7 + y8)(hd6 - h8)

y5 = ------------------------------------------ =
(h4 - h8)

Z = 1 - (y5 + y6 + y7 + y8 ) =
 Steam Extraction HP, IP Turbine
Power Plant

Fractional mass
Mass flow path State conditions
flow
HP Turbine tap t8 to Closed Feedwater Heater #8 8MPa, 350°C y8 = 0.083

HP Turbine outlet 2 to Closed Feedwater Heater #7 5MPa, 300°C y7 = 0.108

Reheat Turbine tap t6 to Closed Feedwater Heater #6 2MPa, 450°C y6 = 0.050

Reheat Turbine outlet 4 to Open Feedwater Heater #5 800kPa, 350°C y5 = 0.025

Steam Power Plant
State Position Enthalpy h [kJ/kg]
t4 LP A&C Turbine tap ht4 = h450kPa, 280°C = 3025 [kJ/kg]
T8 = Tsat@450kPa = 148°C
8 Closed Feedwater Heater #4 outlet
h8 = h800kPa, 148°C = 624 [kJ/kg]
t3 LP B&D Turbine tap ht3 = h250kPa, 220°C = 2909 [kJ/kg]
Tf3 = Tsat@250kPa = 127°C
f3 Closed Feedwater Heater #3 outlet
hf3 = h800kPa, 127°C = 534 [kJ/kg]
Td4 = Tf3+5°C = 132°C
d4 Closed Feedwater Heater #4 drain
hd4 = h450kPa, 132°C = 555 [kJ/kg]
t2 LP A&C Turbine tap ht2 = h100kPa, 120°C = 2717 [kJ/kg]
Tf2 = Tsat@100kPa = 100°C
f2 Closed Feedwater Heater #2 outlet
hf2 = h800kPa, 100°C = 420 [kJ/kg]
Td3 = Tf2+5°C = 105°C
d3 Closed Feedwater Heater #3 drain
hd7 = h250kPa, 105°C = 440 [kJ/kg]
ht1 = h40kPa, quality X=0.98 = hf+X.(hfg)
t1 LP B&D Turbine tap
hf = 318 [kJ/kg], hfg = 2319 [kJ/kg] => ht1 = 2590 [kJ/kg]
Tf1 = Tsat@40kPa = 76°C
f1 Closed Feedwater Heater #1 outlet
hf1 = h800kPa, 76°C = 319 [kJ/kg]
Td2 = Tf1+5°C = 81°C
d2 Closed Feedwater Heater #2 drain
hd2 = h100kPa, 81°C = 339 [kJ/kg]
Td1 = T6+5°C = 45°C
d1 Closed Feedwater Heater #1 drain
hd1 = h40kPa, 45°C = hf@45°C = 188 [kJ/kg]
 Extract steam Flow LP Section
ZF ( h8 - hf 3 )
y4 = ------------------ =
(ht 4 - hd4)

ZF ( hf 3 - hf 2) - y4 ( hd4 - hd3)
y3 = -------------------------------------- =
(h t3 - hd3)

ZF ( hf 2 - h f 1) – (y3 + y4)( hd3 - hd2)

y2 = ---------------------------------------------- =
(ht 2 - hd2)

ZF (h f1 - h7) – (y2 + y3 + y4)(hd2 - hd1)

y1 = --------------------------------------------------- =
(h t1 - hd1)

ZF = Z - yFPT =
m FPT = 65,4 kg/sec
 Steam Extraction LP Turbine
Power Plant

Mass flow path State conditions Fractional mass flow

Reheat Turbine outlet 4 to Feedwater Pump

800kPa, 350°C yFPT = 0.053
Turbine (mass fraction 65,4[kg/s]/1234[kg/s])

LP TurbineA&C tap t4 to Heater #4 450kPa, 280°C y4 = 0.027

LP TurbineB&D tap t3 to Heater #3 250kPa, 220°C y3 = 0.033

LP TurbineA&C tap t2 to Heater #2 100kPa, 120°C y2 = 0.029

LP TurbineB&D tap t1 to Heater #1 40kPa, quality X=0.98 y1 = 0.041

Balance Energi Steam Power Plant
 KERJA TOTAL OUTPUT TURBINE

W HPT = Kerja Hight Pressure Turbin per kg steam flow ( kJ/kg)

W RPT = Kerja Reheat Pressure Turbin per kg steam flow ( kJ/kg)
W LPT = Kerja Low Pressure Turbin per kg steam flow ( kJ/kg)
 PANAS DIMASUKAN KE
BOILER

Boiler Effisiency ASME PTC 4-2008

q in = energi panas yang dihasilkan Boiler per kg steam flow ( kJ/kg)

q in actual = energi panas nyata diberikan ke Boiler per kg steam flow ( kJ/kg)
η boiler = efisiensi Boiler ( % ) didapat setelah tau GCV batubara dipakai
h11 = Enthalpy Air pengisi masuk Steam Drum Boiler ( kJ/kg)
h1 = Enthalpy uap masuk HP Turbin ( kJ/kg)
h2 = Enthalpy Uap cold Reheater masuk Boiler ( kJ/kg)
h3 = Enthalpy Uap hot Reheater keluar Boiler ( kJ/kg)
y7 = Ectraksi Uap dari HP Turbin ke HP Heater 7 (%)
y8 = Enthalpy Uap dari HP Turbin ke HP Heater 8 (%)
GCV = Gross calor value dihitung
 DIRECT EFISIENSI THERMAL
STEAM POWER

q in Turbin = q out Boiler

Qout Qout 2536 KJ/Kg bb

ɳ boiler = ------ = ------- = ----------------------- = 0,88
Qin GCV 2882 KJ/Kg bb
q in actual = q in Boiler ~ GCV

WT = Kerja Turbin Total per kg steam flow ( kJ/kg)

 UN-DIRECT EFFISIENCY THERMAL
STEAM POWER PLANT

Qout Qout 16.018, 732 KJ/Kg bb

ɳ boiler = ------ = ------- = ----------------------------- = 0,78619
Qin GCV 20.375, 104 KJ/Kg bb
 KERJA INPUT BFPT
( BOILER FEED WATER PUMP TURBIN )

ṁ =1234 Kg / sec
 KERJA TOTAL OUTPUT
TURBINE & PANAS INPUT BOILER
 UN-DIRECT EFFISIENCY THERMAL
STEAM POWER PLANT

q in = (h1 - h11) – (1 - (y7 +y8 ) (h3 - h2)

q out = [z- (y1 +y2+y3+y4)] h5 +(y1 +y2+y3+y4) hdl – z.h6

WT q in - q out
ɳ th = ------ = ---------------
q in q in
UN-DIRECT EFFISIENCY THERMAL
STEAM POWER PLANT
TERIMAKASIH