/ / r STUDY OF

MULTIPHASE CHOPPER CONTROLLED

D.C. SERIES MOTOR

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE

l^uruk^betra QEnibersfitp, 3^uruks|)ctra

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF

i¥la£(tet of l^etbnologp
in
ClECtrital engineering
(CONTROL SYSTEMS)

By

Vijay Kumar Gupta

Guide

Prof. J,S. Gupta

DEPARTAfENT OF ELECTMCAI- ENGINEERINO

REGIOMAr. ENOIMEERIl^G COLX^EGE
KURUKSHETRA
py^£^9'S
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f£.«^^ts«crc
 This i s to certify ^ a t tli« dlsMrtatlon
ezitltXed "A Study di Hti2.tli^«sft Cboppor OcmtrolXed P*C«
6«sl68 Motor** imGH 18 telng gulalttta Itr Mr. VUiCT KWm QVBn
In partlaS. fuXflLnitnt for the avsrd of the Master of
Tedmodofiy (KLectxical Engineering) Degree in Contra Systto
of Rurukiiietre UnlvendtSTt Kurok^etrat l e a lecord of tiie
6tad®it*8 own work carried IF hla jxa&ase my supervision
anft Guidance durii^ t^s session 19S5*86.

( J.6
Pxol^stor^
BLeotrlcal Bngg* Septt*,
EegLonaX Bogg* Cdllege,
KtFitKEHETBA, Kuruk die tra^ 132119
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*Stm intfcr ^00 H i i ^ to flJl o^e]*i| ilui

li«re ii^lpMfaliQaireetSj or £i^s««otLy asrlng ttie CHwrgt
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vlj^lfi ill Vm I o « i oii£i»irt&«

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Hw ^tipsifiettaet «C tlittt litt aotivtttA at to tilco 19
dittnPttUoii WKk on tliit tq^o«

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liot otoivita • dfioi&nit pioBO in tlio irtr^lfto ipooi «ritot
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ttotog^ ^mtf Aoje^o aotot or AmdiiiotfsAfiOlA ooifefC* H M
FloilUiitjr of Hio e«o» oKTlot sMftor for tt«rtiqg| itooA eentvifti
tmeifig iiMI rotorm(L of nm i^ooA ODA ito ovoviotft oi^s^ldilit^
mA xtilifMlity Biko i t €mAmxi^ aooat «r pitvidliie o ooBlyU»
tlELo tiiisoo «r mtmmA^taL rotttii^ pOHtr in iatettiy^^,
fm irott aolofilar ^ Tfiotloit tipliootifln i s Btllii«rt
moA f«r iiootrio vtfii^ot «»& mm woigr pii^oiSl^ tetitix
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Hitfi oootf D«c« 0orlot Botor oro noxo p^ta.«r in toUdbdo
9ot6 tiiplieotloaftt tooiraao «r intoioit oftfaatteot of V017
 2

ii«tor e«M i«tke pietavt for p«rlleiatr ^pplissUoiiy ettftiiigi

ii«ea ecntycA i n t i ^ i r dirtetlM ini toilElqi of ti« ft«^^

GftaftfiUoaiOlr <s<»ilin(L of a«e* mtUt aolor

i t «iM;iiiit& tgr wO^ut/tmBmA 9t main flux AT liy ^ « •Ojonlmiit
i f imslusra vfl&tftp* f•fieUont of tlit mAn ilm tar adjQil*
Mjxt of mo fioia ^ n t n t eaa prflfitfo ifoodo otfly ^Sbtm Hio
rfttoa «iO«d| liiiltoit «t«A ^tliis IlJiiltoA Iqr iifeitfiieteigr
mam^tXkmi* eineo tbo fliOld idiiaiiig of tiio «•«• torlot
KOter 1« in oorioo «il2i tlio Jtmi^iiro idaainst li^ikiiii So
BOl pMiiiao* Hioit oonrontiimaOL aotboAo of oeetfA of
<l«o« oirlofttflfcorme^ oidar piotido difcroto oligpo of
voriiillooo ^% ^oy ovo tUm tatoooMBfOia.^ IsoffUlosltt
o e « ^ iMPit ipaoi maA laMOigfaQio*

Qw aojor &9» bicSco of tho oonfoaU^ua

BotboAs of ooifefca of |}«c* coxlot ifotor «ro*

(i) ifftoioaoy of ihm sotor i t rodnota 6m to inerooood

loooot i n 1 ^ eoBtveai ofiipMnt*

(ii) GiHiteLiiQoo miRiiig t^ tnor ii?**A otiior istkm rgioA upood

tivoSLvoo tSio ttm of oroibooUag 12io oontMl. mmdm^^*
 3
Ciii) fmtmm «f eotiag pm%$ mOm Urn tsrii^m
mi^nm Anggitfi SUA iarol^s fjnm^Bit
mAntmmmB

<iv> 3^ sons easts <^« CdntrC squiipsiit itsilf

prsssatt stf.ssi9b2jtXosA on His lystMi*

i t ^ His sairsnNttsafe •di^i.sUts 7^ (Hogr in

: . > • * * '

stf3jr sialMs mA stitiisqpisiit diifslspasi* sT z*Ct TtduMOsgry

tlis iPpiiesUoii of nnyilstsr iw tiw cmtxQd «r d«e« ssfiss
•otor s^iiiir* siieii apiTsst I'sd iwm
l^rslf^oilssd GoatfoaisA sqpipmnit «rsr tt% two asesdis Hwt
prorsdl t0 pmmw txi^ sffi^siieji liiv swliit«ii«9eet rsts
qpssft eoi*f^ cspsiiiXitgrf ^ftst #i»' ( r<^iiesd siss
saa wsJEgbt. to »ciE« tlisB Mai oo^potsflft for iiiaistriiti
^^^cutiimsi tfMBUmi pisriposis C 2i$t6)

mils ttsmg BCB* s for oontreOLiiag tlis «rsf«is

povsr iapttt to ths d«c* losae tits first psiBt to bs
osDAdofsA is tlist iHsltiwr tlis scores i s A*C« or !>»C*
Hisn ^«c« soiires i s svsli^ao no go in for i^«C* I I I M O pmm
ivi esaSiriL* lot ' * ' •
n way d«e* s^isnr is orsili^o o d«o*
fll^^sr eireiiit is ^w aest pmettoA IMSIIS «f preridlai
* • - *

sn of lieloiity eo^^oct mOii^tt s*c« Teltoti ees^tiNt*

• '*

1*1

Zt i i the process of rsapid eii»erf seitcliiag

i^eh eoisiset an ii#C» siiiay to « Xo«a for eofltfcaisd
frsetioii «r «s^ e^reie* Ose«iri& i s sceeiiiaLilised l«r sevoteii^
 4
tb* 9il«M mBgX* «r m« iUC* tMHl «t lillldl tH* CCB i t
^lifHTtA* mt $m m u tusa eoitoet ror th« i««t tf

«r i»^tsit i n ^mm e^eai* i e BI«S« maAXf^om m%wt^ wtOmim

^ » rf«*e» wtOm oT iroXtafi iSiai«a t o tim Bol«r# 1li«r«
«r» sti^ p e t i l t ^ fofsst cC fliast ^cnftiel i4t& «ti« IIB« «r
(7)
0«CtB* tAg* eois^eiU«d b ^ mv* coiKtf«u«d fiax mv* •te*

area ^c« mm^ ^ oftiUar «rftUi^l«, iuc*

li^tfi «»ittii»I ttdusliiBS i0 not Ttir p«ipta.«r now m d«r»
aii to r«iaoi«l3g rtiuioiii*

(1) Kajor proiaoB idth p&sio ooatv^ oxo tli»t i t

g«iiet«ti« tvBtm anoont ^ J^iiinoflies enfi rofttaeod pOHiV
fgBtiart pftftSeoIfti&y «l lov i^ooat•
(ii) A Isrs* mtieB ind^^tor «nft « ifeinik e«is«Bltor tro
U9iA for ro^Msli^ llio rlpjilo in t2io ostspttt*

(iii) i^i^ooA of t^o eotor e«ii*t bo eoBtroaiftA in BIMII

lA4lMP POBl^«

(if) JMeoainition o«i mOsr bo ac^iofed v i ^ ooqpiox

eontna dLr»dtvy eaitalkiiig o l d ^ l o i ^ eoet*

HtH t ^ aovOlD^i^iit er oneoiiifOii^loiMa

•eufoooy poitiblUtiOi or d«o« tiveiKittioii oaa diftri»
tutlea, ofllffK^iifElyrovlmia intiaroet in b^^toiy qporotod
 5
vtiUfidMi iMr« !•«& to i}»c« t» &•€• eoor^i&oa t»itfia&^pwt*

9^9SM Vtfloiao d«e« otttpnt ryoi o fivia d«e» ooiiToo to

^mtfoai Hio d»e» arivoo* mo IJagrfiitor aioppor ovoieowi
•Oft or 1^ lli>a«riMBlftiti oC tlio oomontl^Mft. ooHioAi of
oontpASlag A«e« drtrot* la d«e« «ltopp«r tHo nolttp io
iffOioi to tlMt Sana for o flpoeifiid pmet9& m& loaft i t
il^Ma eiicasiitoa or tbo iv^aiod voltogo to tooorod for
ttoofcii^ i^oolf l«a dumtloii 00 so to obnigo tlio iotio. of
ofOTftit voliogi Hilled to tHo looa^^^^n

D«c* Oiovporo iro eomsir uotA for roiliiao

OII& oeowroto i^otie xogKaoMoB of ^o d«o« fmimtort um&
ia olr ^ o f t t oafi oieotrlc t v A o * mty lioro lioea ^MAj
tiooA la ^o oonti^ai. of D*c« soiioo eotor um& ia teottor^r
tfilYoa YOliifaos* dioppoTi Had o psrtiotiXoiay Mgli «n&
rS«li fi«Ld of q^iOiostloa i a olootxie totXviqro liioto
tto odfiBi^ogoo of D«c« povwr A o t r l t e t i ^ mm ^root «iA
tiio oUedBfitloa of a^tlag froi sotor ooatyiO. rottotor
%9 Of tSrt^ MA foioiwot Inspoartoaoo* mo oli^ipore m
OkLoo Totr M O I OEtltod for ixmtX^mmUsm dflvoo liiolo
rogtnit^i^o Irifeiag m& rovorool. tsm ftoqttoatSjr fO«ilioa«
QUI a«o« oorioo aotor im aood aoiaiy ia Wm traelloa oad
tfawrofoio ^ o sola oi^oolo ia tbio diooorti^loa mi Iw
OB |}«c« e«tito aotca* ooatfoHod tsr powr «l^^or#
1*3 WBF'Mi tfiJtSiti SfciWiWriiifigtyAitimi^fcii

mmn ^tmn A«C» m^g^ $.B fsreiaiiljtf t«c^ Quem^m

cm bo eo«tr^ltd Jji @it€ii i ^ ^ trngm ^m ^mailMM i^Hi

Ciii) iilb«a iupplir i t #Miiii^<l iwm A«C« Ir f^tnUo® nelflr

^oQBietiQii litli mipeet t@ mm%w^9 ^m$x^m tad %9fii>

^fill>«r i t tttii l i r t t &•€# i t ^ l » ^kMimA twm iki«

mmmmUiimwmM$ i t vttf ttir*

a i i p p ^ Ci#c. cnup^r), ^#f» oo msa off tfe© «r i^ts^^tr

mii^M9 m&em i d ^ i t ^ t e t t o ti^^lir vgrtfoai e«»
lifofidt itel^tv f HMtr f«c^oif i M 3jBtt liia»i»iitt tci^^trtt ^
l i i t t i eofl^ffiSLltd ^ a r i ^ t t r *
ttoiori ^fty minm ^ timi dost d«c« ic^^i MQ^PI? poiiHr
to tli« notoaff fiiilfs f i t ioiif«e eursimt mm^ t^ loaA oyrftt^*

1110 p9iiE loift c@ri«iiit t# I3i» m^tmm H i * le^^dlfwiis^ fOits*

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«t tuo oQBftOf ioitfeo iifo to lotooMi* H M poaie oantot
aMi«i oi ^to ioo£«o own i t mSms^ I f i>r«Ml^ o f litor
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glvo ooaMaottt lloit oT i>oMir to ^o die* tiTiit »ot«* lioit
filter oosi&it of E»e i«tie&ile tstvoltieo tHo ptiMm of li£#,
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diippot <soiitv€l«$ €•«• eexios ootor ooid niHi iatiotfnt^iig

filtoir l»tMi^ tiso mmm^ ma& d^es^m§ I«£ to t^o aivolip*
a^at «r n a t i ^ o i i i^i^^mt ama^seiMm AfO« iOftoo mti»r«
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or di^* mwim mt^ mt^^tmM I r i»iaM|^ftio diqpptr orot
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i^at^ftt* mmf^ mEmmut^ t*e« iOfiot M^t^* Bol3i^ ftfll
Ko^ffO^'*^ aofo iUgfSirtiift oifiwtiioa to flat oi^ ^o ipoid*-
for^M* ^«rtf»t«flfti9t or ft i«o# oixiw i^lior o«»itrell«l W
 8

t«e« iBi'lAt wmUf ttmm9 ull^ ^ « •ipti^wiiilai.

sotor ti«iP« bets i^^^iia esmmrnWx^Qy^

CI) f€aripv#«i^ €^«raett f i l l e t *

Cii) lioti mrmnt ^mtmt&ti^MeBm

Civ) l ^ ^ € eoiilAStt in tfoi 1.0^ em«»iit«

 .9

Dii^uiilftd doMo^tioo oai analysis of tlie siaglo s^ie^^ <iliQ|$«ir

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t ^ ttfiiiPli'ftffl4s<enilluioco iSisouoiiiiid i^icSiti^HPos^olLfoo^ opiilLdblo
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o i t M p t is noao to eltmBiif tlio c^ioipper dfooit® « i 4$tlio
(i»nitxoi!U>€jr IMUMNS OO the grl wtgi f i gmtLftn of tiao ^^m^ganft of
ojpoiwteloii wiS on iNudloos cwBuiMtitliao <^UPOiiit®« A. DP^OOCOIL

13)0 'd*o» to diiMm dioipiso oeiovi:ft Hio <i«o« pouts

ovoliidilo ttt o SiamA irolta^ %&ml t o ottt^f^ «t tlio iNudablo
vol.togo lo«ol» F&g# 3»| (id 3&d (bl stioif li otO|^ ^OUB i^ioi^if
oi^ i o «s3ov«it «««o£osn»« losing tlie oo @t«to isfeosvol «lio
omixont flowing tiifOugiEi ^&m XmA iaoso^o® oi^er ttio iofiiioaott
of the oonxoe fi«Atogo Ci> iMstii tHo ^m^sistOHr i n tomed ol^«
mtfioQ tho off fitote ittfeosvoi* tlio onosgr ia eopsliod firam
oiiOiior tlio oloetxlool oiootxiooi oaonisr atoi»»d i n tti» oiseuit
iad^aoi^oee mt i^etm tlio Kiootlo oaocisar o£ iooA (ia o i ^ of
%o«itie ioaii soeli oo ii9tor eto*} or Seoei «tio oooMaotioo of
ttMso ^m no 00 to Moititida tim looi emssmxt m^ to caeipetMoto
for ttw io8s3O0« Since &m outj^mt of tlie cAMf^r i s i n ^Hm
 10

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iȣ puimis i s duffioiioitl^r lii#} as eenpaci^a to Use load oicetsit

be sttt^v Gb tha othar tmid§ i f ^le ioai iit^Kstttioe i s vavy

2af)06# tha anaigy^ atoxad ^baring 1 ^ Oi} i^aiiod « i i l ba anffieiaiit
t o walfitaln ttm onnaet €iaxix»gi tha o£S peciodU tlnia giving
tiaa to a wtcy ataady load oairnmt ana tl)a s^aaiad pulaa
aooffoa oimaat tm ahoas i n €ig» a«i Q»)« tha Maao VoXtage
^do ^ S ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^'^ ^^'^*^ ^ * faootioB of the Ratio of <m atata
Xetaxvai to ooa ofeio duratiaii itnoiai as asi^y !iatio (s) and i a
ai9>saasad aa

Ub6£0 !> id tha d«e* fliain voitaga« t^^ ma x aio tiaa

i n aaoondd^ xapsasanting tha OS pacioS ana one Ofela daratiaii
o£ tha ohai>s^r« The ohoii^r i s aaid to ha i n duty mods £or
0 < % < @X and i a fieaeitwaliog aoda d^itiag @T < t <i t • 9o
obtain tim sft<2iiivad load cdiacaetaiietiea* tha Haan Voitaga
flS^iiad to tha load i a oontxOUad hf thxea toaaio wathoda n^itionad
aa uttdar •

ci) ftot4 m Timti ^mit^ii^ m^mmt

smimaMag on tha eiceiiit pm^mmtmm on state intaivai
i a h»pt ooojtant and tciggaxiag pial^a to tha gatt o£ tha fh:i7fiator
a»a dai^fod di^^^anding «i» Qi^ the Hosm Voitaga <aipixttaent:»# so
that off Qtata intasvai vaciaa aitesing tSm £ea<|Qane3f of oiperatian*
 n

flKtan voitage m^oiiMMmts* «he one <sfOls interval tliMi being

iSiis atthedtt^ittsfile coreent eoetieisaiie^t ^kmimB «liififti

teteiwUie lUie « i ^ r anS Sower l i a i t s o£ loaS eursenti so
«}i«fc »«iin thi^at&r miaM tm tturnes on m^ mr mems^Hmii'f
f l y tlMB fiOBlSCOi CtiS?Qlii1&»

ftt» v«ria^« £8e<|Qnae7 sfstont t^ioagli giire^ one o£

the ailaexBative Mithads of oontioi* i t iJ aosttit^le iaeeauso
of the f^Uoieu^r diffi€Rilti*s«

(«) sluggish systMi * S»3|^MI£« t o the

70 oUtaiii £ii3Ll imige of VOl^ge Cootsoi i a the

iraci^^« tmt^iMmct e^tsUmh tin© fse^ftiiito/ ahoold i<ieaily
ho voxiea fcoo w s o t o i n f l M ^ (i3} • this i a vion o£
fxetpeaosr iiinitatioiui of the pmrnv ptaiso oSaaeate* l i o i t the
fttli raag^ of the qpeiratioa of the dicusov ooatcoi*
(b> Xt o^pisee ooeplioatea txig^g eirouit*
Cc) Ttm hasaaai^ iatco^Aaoe^ i a the Ohqif^ev output "P^tege
wave ere the foaetioasi of tim aiteiaetiag trnt^ivmsi^ e»3
thttfefoxe- oemiot he eoi^icttX^ f i i t s s e ^ Imemmm ^m aatiise
«id mmlltama of the lien^saies oco diffec«mt tot difftxsat
fceciueiMiea of op<^retioB#
 1 u

Zn «!•« o£ the iSboive M^(«iaiied di£fi«aiti«8 ^ tlie

ir«ri^»l)C £x»i|iiftiief dfMsiratioii ind Umk% svlfecMiig* t ^
e^mstant fxtieiar.ne^* v a t i ^ l s Q^ timi jf.>tim !;> pxm§&xmd m
i t enatsCK Xiaear Sitlmtlssiship bfitiwcii inpit aiix! ^Q.ipaft
noltagess* ^xnHMPev* ttie ^agnetie ;v«i9lit and tiie f i l t t r
r««tisiciiiaefits avKt stiaieiiista «itt) jtasstantlal. gains i n se^ixwd

HanMliigr «]q^l.aiii@u ISIIIK lliysiistor dMi^i^r ^ s e u i t and

itif isxitxoi HiR«liia»iogy# i t na^ &i^' iioKthMMie to 0ym a bxicf
aoeowit CNBi ttie eioasiiiestiaii on tbe ba$ie of tlic oontiol. as

&^p«i«Ulii@ ^g^tm ^M i ^ i a t i t y o£ ^@ inntaiitaneoiw

ioaa vaitage mam iaaa ffiursant* tttoi^^r laatar ooaMaatiaB eao
m elmtmlilm4 into singi® qaaisaotf' twt qi^a^aot or £otxr

f i g * 2«3{a) i^^Hs ^ ^ csonil^iirat^ioB of cstiog^eir nitli

t>oaitiira ioau in9ita9a ao3 jpoaitive ioaa ooss^st* OSitt mi
period t ^ o£ tYw -:>£:^ i s v a c i ^ to o&taia ti)c semlx^ laeaii
output «oltag»« siia 01930 ti^, mssms the ekMior ax»a<ms^ i a
tim tmmttmmiuiq Oiada ff/bleSi eoB^taots wn^ tHe ^ca i a ttuaed
are* 'Shm poiasit^ of voitag@ ani nm ais^rtioe o€ icipiis/
 I.'?

in tif« 3«ai«l« Q& 1 ^ iyimi!ipt|.«» of oaa«to»9it8 Hoai

Fif« 2*2 0»l* ^Heii Vbm %jm& mxmm^ $» e&tMmxmm^ tlMi %mK&

l:^ m i «<|l i Mm m C2#2)

flue ^M0m''>«fmSmm Sttipo witli ptMiiti've tm^ ipoltaie

s^io OQnli||i»rot|jan' i^oi^ «i,.tb tite wi»Ksi«bea «»Ito@^ «iS

OBfsoat mmH^m i s siisiii l» i i f s * 2«2Col am 0s^m mtti

looii to tiii iiooioo ot»s$i «t to s«i9^iex«tlife &i£iMoi« Tim» m

mmi^jmmm fof^iosotlao Jlooft i s mm^wmmf io t^Hto oaoo* Xf
tiio Motor iMWlt ««ii»i« 10 tit#i0£ tlioa t ^ ««i#l>f nolt^-s^o tiio
•oi^«ir««tl.oo toiKo plmm i^mm^ ^tm i^ioao ^«
i f tilt iMKOft #•»•£• OB t ^ nstor i® 2oos tiij»t i ^

tilt fittcn of polflo* If ^Sm Idottio iiiisgf of loo^ in oooJootioB

^lo ooKtiUntottfi iooS o8»e^k% lUi t ^ iona of p«^»Ni ^ onlt^iiRg

<m oni Oil' tiw £i€K« tlito ttiR ImA ipoitoge tii» oe
VOillO o f £^M i ^ ^i'VIKS lj(|f
 14

t o wxo t>y vacying ^ firoa 0 to $>•

Ttm oireitit aiagrswi fisr tiio ^oaaxifist cA^oi^p&r

«igpG«fttldi} with positiim ioaa voltiige ana eltiaer poeitive or
Dogatiim load eorxont 4o ^toum i n fig* a#4 («}« idaoseft:; the
tn^ ^Eutdcaitt oiiaii^jr idtli positivn or aaaatii^ load v o l t a ^
«<S potitiiK looa ottrmnt In «s islioMii i n f i g * 2«S(<i> oriS (b}«
iSi@ oifooit oi otioHii i n fig* 2«4Cft} m is ei|^«t»l« o£ doMverliig
eittior potfitite or £i090tl<«« I09A Oarcviit nitli po0itii» ootpit
ifoSLtmjB* fhe oorreiit i n positive aireetloo i » eordodto^fthe
s o ^ or ttift fifoovtaoeiioff ^dodo 6^ uliiJo &m.^ or d l o ^ O^ < f ^
oonont i n l ^ negative ^irootlon* sm SOR^ laoa s o ^ cmMtaet
periodie&llsr at a fixod f£0<pificif« t t ^ voltage «!»€ cyxt:o»t'
vmmtsma are as shoon i n £ig» 2*4 Oft)« 'Stm Average Voltaga
E ^ aeioiis tlie loaS i a timxfseoxm <»qp£Oaaea ftgr

^«a* *-|a>fc«fiE il,4)

Bofarriag to £ig« Z*%M and Cb)* i t i a aviaeet that

aisnltaw^iita oon^toetion of tho sORa 1 ana 2 i d l l ifioia a positive
voltage aeroat ttia looi* ^aian tfaa ocRa ore eoBeaxtataa Oiii # tlia
load otirrent oantinaaa to flow throoG^ the ^yto^ea la^ ind p^*
fMilcing the loaS valtage i ^ a t l v e * fiie «^»oraga lom valtago
l ^ o a o Isa eig^^ieaa^adi as •
 15

flM c^pistioii <2«S> m^mm tlusl^ s ^ enii lae "fmiMQ.

3«3«9
trie £oitCM^itafSc«t d u n ^ i r o ^ e c o ^ l ^ f off &9%ii tii@
Ii>4a«i#«^%af@ j « a i i ^ i e i ^ j ? ^ t tei^ p ^ i l t i i p t o r Negative*

two t.iio«ipoii»Bit #iaifi«ir oe «}%9«iii in £i@« 2«<l«

2«« flWm^iy^ ,ffi „ffMf^fi,„g^ffim

•'#Cf( Olt.tiOUl.% l ^ i m f "

go@8 tilsoiiQh % n^ms^ wtmm im enc^ lii^i t$i@ ooomtatioii i s

a»«iK«^ ^@ oisurciiit liisyi «o m imxxmi. sefo»' 'iiitli the telp of
tlm onesgf storage eJHaaeoto* m^ fian»it«ti4»i setaea© of
^Shftkt^i&t iB ^m ii»c» oiseult i s ealsaiflitd ac»3orcSI^ to tli@
iw i a iiNl#i ooa!nita!t&Qg ocseBsrvOnef^t® mm msmmm^ ^B& i^m
m i n i t i i ( ^ tti© ottripmst o^so i s ocM«iie^#

iiii» tii« iooii i@' i» 8@«ii^ mtli. tli@ esmmit^^t$Mm

mtmmw^iM I^ wi^ c ^ so o® to fmm oe «i^?i;ii«^ai <meitialoi|r
ciiz'^iit m slb0gm in £i9« 2*7C®l« 1 ^ aicsillat^^ ousstnt gooo
t o sw«o ®ft^ i^ie oi^pooitos' i s 0tiii9@@d t o i t s e^xieiuia iniitago#
miioh tvaoio OFF tlM SA« "mm^ tlm so^ i® tunrtea m^ i n o
 16
iisAtm tine deoiaed l»sr the values of 1.^ moA C^%

v>m« «i i^Kiwi in l i t * I*t0>>« thA eapaei^r ^ t a (^»i@4 to

i t s iModw» vs^tarp thro^li l ^ mamlft ma mroo tlie tsifgi^eifig
tlie ;«6it# i t mmtstem Wmfitiatpstlixw^ tiie SG& in in
oseiiistcunr iMBner* ^iii» «bit ^sc^as)^ oux^snit iaeti^ tli»
miitt lioif <sve^« (aftiir Urn p9%m:itf of tlie «€i:aeitor i^m tamtm
gmmxwm^ imeamm tlie qmmmtt t^m tli^ teii c»irfi»st^ eaesiM
l»y tUfi ^C^ i t i s tw»»d ast*

^otinir nsf of ^sEila!} ^ r t l % «xs i g lir «3^lieai&^vf

of oe^ ^'S» i»teii0 DFi

2«7C<^} tlni e^aoitojr i® initiaJiif isa^ to €^fmx^ t o i t s

ttsfgikaitjoset wC^ CI4>« 1 ^ /^iKilafF ^ ^ C/^ twm Off tof itaeSf

ititor «rie eiinrent ttisotif^ i t m^mm wms^ 4i«@ to ^)@ Ois>:ae^tox'
iMiia^ OEiangfi^ to ito aaxtaKK imiuo* ^^stip t l i ^ tihsa tte ania
£»®C^> i s tsSk^g&xm^ the oi|.'.iOitoe s@v@»ittt otiairgo tliiougii tSm
oifooit CKmeiotin® tlio ^ULo^ ti mi& tito inaao^ir I ^ .ifi patrallftJt
nith tim vmUi amiR}* aitov tm. c^ansfo on ^ e oiii^aoitor i s
»piojaoa» the oontttcfeion of tlio maiM .JM mm be ioitiate^ fe^
tsigiioriag t!i» .iiKilMif tl^^«t^» ^< 'a% i^ &mm ogaln* li»

than tim ImM mmxmat Isoiiig eareii^^ bf i t * fiio «i..«)suit

 17

f o r tim D^iait o^fole o£ « ^ » i t i < » *

£13X1 l&ai^ tmtsentf thm <immlm '^^ tsssmi^^^m, alsmix.

taBmm.^ 'Bm dreiiit hm tlie dSL&^^mit&^ of eQRSt<»« ^1
tine Qf^riitlqn liiic^ l^ ial%t Seiimaim^ mm^ ^^ fiieeS imlues
of L^ mm c^#

i^p#ciifi«d i^sias i»tl.li i t i s ^KtsesS OfS' %' tit© j ^ o i l i n t o i ^

opslfi <mrsi0iit# I M S ^c» i s a i i % M Ssei^ueiisisr d n a i i i t tmixxsi

(iiii) 'ThiLt «}Mi^lMuam%mrf osmmts^sii cdiotsit AS sINiiio $M

r i f • 2»7(e) dqavists ^im l-jm& a9<«f£fig ^CK»* ulso t t p
^msp^^ md diseti^c^^itif o f th© «i^'«i3iti03r irtii^si)

Ciir> I n t l w «s«eMi of I t e .'tmsiittey

QmBmiiisMXii.oa. i-fe^ieiad ^ » o t » m «ln98t tstmxm tHe soojeot voit«g*

 IS

€^c«tilt as wimm in itt* S«9C«}« 1^ tHtt ai«@^« s^we* if « ^ ^

iH»! thtt Main «»a '^^lAllfti^ fl^ei$t»»» fiB^P«citiiwlf» *^Ma@» ts*
muS. »* wl^ tlie mmtgf mimSIm m3mmm h^ «e3 C^ £«»§ 1 ^

file mmtMObl i^ri^% t» tit@!p# the oain aei «Gai£2.ac^ <i^dui i s

vitii 1 ^ efpiSsilitsr o£ ^>@ 4iW[iil.3Xf SCE t«i9i©s«f)«Ites &®ie@

atiifted ulth ci»spi«t to %hoim of iBaim &^ && 9m t&tm tSa^ t#

^sttiiiii ^w ««ipa(Sit9r (3^ td li® ^^cgsd tm m «oitai»

K«i^l,atB tiMt intto '^CH is txig^s^a* Tim i t a i etunreiit floMB

m>wo^% em^immB lattii i^ie ^imciiBSf aAC^ i s £lxe€« i^^i

tttie mmil^mt '^^ i» tiHRie4 <^» ^ « etp^ei^ir seiPecaBs i& c^iaspt
miwm^ At m md i.^ i s «o osisliiBftoc^ mammw m &tmm !^ tite'
|jitttfv«i X in Fig* i«9^>« mmMm ^ ^ 3^ «»^ % ^s& tli©
io«» l^s. oge^pmrnnmt m M» • » ! 0£ t ^ li»af e^el^ #f oi^ilI«tei96

't» «!• ir«i|t'i«itB» Tm t^^ a i s now tiue^d m.w tme-mm nm mmmnt

 IH

etsrvMit li©<sc»»s tt^piOfi ^ie leNiS enrc^it i ^ w-c^ i n ^oisiei*

n; 0*i Ii^ anil Q^ mmm& mmm^ df #iaife aes^s titie plii^@»

cii tim m^mltmtm Tim mlwm ^^ss^ 9mm» 0%. e»iiitc»« MCWNI
tte m$M 4iea OBS Si tlw eix««4% ^^m c^lt tiee i s less %liaii tlie
tin@ of i|^iie«tti9i3 mi IM0 vevttrse Mas aessass tlm Pite i^€K
i t gets i»iciiad CKTf •

^oda P* fats caircic^ M a a e ^ 1 ^ en^ai^^r mtxtm^ ^Sam'tiofm

ttixooi^ &*f @^ Sn^ ana i^a« •§ ^IQMS I ^ tha iiil»sval ISI i »
f i f « 3*9Qli) • Aa iMKMt aa ^ » aapgtciisor <vi^%^a siai^ ta a
valiK aipai t a tlit aoi»OP^«Kaaltaie| 1 ^ f^^ealieeiiiif ^ a ^
l»eiiiiifa ^ <»ttaaet i ^ iKimaa tlia oipacdl^x- eiscirefi% stacta
^MHi^linf• Pasiaf tliia paslofi« 1 ^ iatd aoneaBt ia^ mipp^Uaa ^
liia mmm/Sms eaatianm ^uroiaBli ^ ^ $a^iielte«- msd iS^m> tlicmii^
H^lie 'AMMte^ l^# t ^ a^psMdl^t^ fata aliasimd t a «9^ j,^y^ % ttia
Qi»itiNia2J,jr aiMiir&»{i earx«it atoewft 1 ^ ix^mm^ W§ i s £if«3«9{li>9
^iwa tiia eapaoitar vi^taga licaanaa isasa tnaa tti@ aaia?oa v^ltag©
i^* iQ liiaetlpd aa^ ttia aSi^»ig^i9 ai»reaiit bcaonaa aa3»>« % aaif*
mait Umm smmi^n m «^g ,,,^ aa at t a g a t saa%
 20

for tim nejKfc efol^ of «|p«r«t:i<iii« HIMII ^W tt«ln eCE« M i«

f i l e d «6«iii*

HI this 8G«U«i the desigsi pfodnoer for poimr «if«iiit

i s mttexiim^ a uoml ficiag oicooit for two pham ohei^ir i s
oitfo giipea*

For •afitts' and e^ncHiGr of oimmtioe f ro^r aoleotion

of oMli oom^ment io tmmm^sejit* '^^ aei^ttifjo i s 490s on ttio
toosis of the aiitf to ho pecfonns4 bjif thtse osni^ooBitts*
Prngmr ^leotion of t^fsistar and aiodos of tho ctiov^r
oiMoit i s tht asin ositeiio for seiiai»lo o^rotion of ^tm
ohonpor ocntsoiied d«o« dori^pes* Decree of ceUai&LUtsr*
eooBOnqr «n^ safR^ hovo to he eonsidsfed and xeq^sod trade*
offs HMde for seie«tian# f^iioh i s depi^idHit m^on the tyg*& of
doty porfosaed hr the partieuiar diode or thycistors* Extco
Oi^oeity i s to he pxoildi^ oven for overload of short ^oeatioD®*
sow of the jpuhiished ratiof^ of dadoes sho^d bo eaceeoded*
ttm foilawing p«30i!dur@ shooia he oiapted for th@ selti^ttion of
thyristors and diodes in the cdiopp@r cisoiit*
1* oeteraiiie oixotiit reqiiirennBts on the davioe*
ii} voitage and ei»r@Bt through the devioe mm% he
dBt»snined in t«xB» &£ tSm ii^pot veitage and oulituft
poMer re<|BircflMnts«
 21

ill) Cheeli §mc tMtmsX 0mt%mam iilp ittaxting mxtmantB^

Uii) Cheek for voittage tn»«i«8t«
(iir} DtttsjBitiie r«B9(i of t«iifMic«bit)i« o»ttr liiiah tlw

(ir) <^s«k tlifi aeg«ee of c«ii«lsiUt; st^rtA*

C2> ainKlt «i«l«ot p£aK«r cievioes Scoa thi joomal. ^Meiii<aa/timm»
jfor ti» fiiMil lAiMli mtme «• the aetiidied iq^ei£i««tiQii
ftiistit. of Micwcttd a««ioe^«
(3) ootojoiliK ^Mi cv^seflKut of l»«fe oinki*
C4) DetemlnB the roisuifcn^it of mmtmasm^ ana Oi*if'*^rol>tig<i

Hie tligfxifitoxs asu cdioseti on tlie basis of tilieir

IwriLtogp «KSi oiarj:«iit cAtiUigs*

Sho lai^xe0a«4 voltage mpm tUs .en oust oot« lo

ooif QOMi# 63«ieea tho forward «Ba lev^fiwi dtlooMag volta^
mgtSoQ of the ^CSi* zf tlio m^it^t voltagie Is E volts#
liotMiver ilorii^; eonaixtatiaii tiks c^^sioitor ottsina peale ««^tago
i^lflh oon ho 4oiihXe ehe ffi^lir i^tage i«o« 2C« The SCR mm%
^tlmtmad this imXtoge* Hieii Hh^iSiMtae i s ctiosoi for tht pusi^so
« factor of ««ftttT of S*S i s tlmm taiSmi into aoooast* so ^R
with St l0est t*S « 2 X E • 31^ iroits tomnxeL in^tsgo rstliag
snd sons reverse hioeHdasi voitoge should hs ctioseii*

ths owneent rstias of the SOB aepmiai ipsn the losA

 22
ve<pl9is«Ms&ta» Xt the f u l l load eiBTzeat of ths sotiir is X|#
after taking the lastor o£ safety !•&» the &ca should iflthst«iA
t h i ouTJDent wagaittiiSe o£ 1«S S|^ «tit}«» ioxr asEttlmsQtis iModuetion
liithoist teealditg (l9Mi«

f ht aiodm « » 4^)03«ii OR the l»a»i0 of Soii^uDa and

wvmmm hloc^ni voltage iagmnnm^ wA ImA s«i|alTOnmto«
thft ceqttixKaMtiitA os» mmm as i n the ease of i«c^«

law f steiih@«liiig <3iod8 evrci^t i s ^s&gmt^Hf 7!!^ of

^m %jo9A onrssnt X|^» fhe;; p^sit Xn'viex;!^ moltage of ^ » diode
should he fioxe ^i^m the 0«pi?ly voltage*

la a turn phuse clisi>per ci£:cnslt« hotli th^ c^o^psss

shore's tht load ourr^nt e^tisH?* '&mmi&m9 each dtiag^v
should he rated i.off half of tha looa etssxent*
'j^he irmltt^ of cott^aitatixm dj^oialt L astii C sliould ha
sclcoiseid i n suciSi a way t h i ^ tht: folXaidUtg e:m^^tiocis are
satisfied •

Ci) Paak eoantttatiik oacxeot should ha lafger than tha

BwwImiSTi antieiSratttd load eacxaat to misuse cooE^tation
of load ourrsot* Th«ca£ojDe one gats

idiase Z^^ i s « K « load otircimt

X i s tha ratio of peak ei^aeitor onrEeBt to

laaKitesw load eurse&t sod i t s valtie is alva^fs
gsaatctr than unit^r*
 23
U i ) commit tu«i o££ t i n t AIKSBIA tm ^m^mt «^«i
^yciator twm off tiae t^^^ for m U ^ l f t

\ •* * « i f * ^^

A t 4a the aacgiss to aXXtam for aeol/g^ ^^sicaci«

^ "r *i»®s
1 ^

. _ . . <i.
*• K IT

l^oJ^f.f't-

Z» ttolm oootloe aotallo «l)oti6 «l» a t g i t o i fiJEiag

«ic«itlt; lioo iseon 4lBflorilM»d«
A blook ^oQraa o£ tieiiig cii:otiit« ii^«ai eaa fise two
piiotfo oiMTS^o «l.if^ fdtii tiMi ogstiaai I8o3i«6£o» and 4ei«ttr
•tngti i& oiia««» i n f i g * 8*9• tl)e if«ve£9«w «t diffojpe^ p^toto
 24

o£ %im flxiiMi oiKmdt mem givten Sa £ig« 2*t0«

A tiMr ttixouit (SS$) i s usitd iMHBt i&« ^ aiuno* note
to 9eiit««toe «lo«k si^iiil* tbm tm^mws^ Q£ tim eloek « i ^ a l
i« 3® « £« Vhmm £ As the fss^afmor ot t ^ «iiqi;f»ip« 1 ^
ionsr lilt lammAmm if49$) mm m»a to g&t tM siQitsi sfe ^£fBs«iit
im^mtmima siiel} ss £# ac* 4£# S€ «te« iiigaal B at ts^ips tiw
cthqpi«r imtixmtmf is ieimxtitd and fsd to the diftsjeiiatistir*
^& ^gatitfe pttissn in tim otilg^ o£ ^ffwewitiator sctt ciUi^pttA
i^ s diote« flMms |p«lstts 8X)i invsjrted m& £ed to tus timv
eiieult (SSS) uliloli i s iKxa^oted ia tlis nonostsbie sods* Ths
ootput of « tlsMir eiCQuit Sb «liess polso wiatii is s^jestjiblo*
i s ns4tal«t«d Kith ^m sit^sl ii» Hie Mmfsmne^ o€ thft si^wi S
i s sqssi to tile trnvfimmf o£ Uw «lic)|^r« ^^i& mvSsoX^^^ output
G£ i s ths iMss £»c iasio lliyxiffta^^ o£ am i^baifi&iic*
Si^nsi 1. i s iii«gsts4 ana sodoiatsd «iitli tlie tintr
o««epigt to ^et ths oioek sigsai lif Car the ma$Ln thjrclstor «bs
otli^r sliQf^r* sipisi m. sad dT ^se nodhilstsa «dtli • hit^
ffio^iasney osvti«r« ths aedsi^se^ oatpit n n m^ c i s sss isa
to apto«»«p]ySY« fhs fwotion o£ ^ » ^toeoupier iis to isoists
tha fifing oiimilt mud dsiimr eic«i3it« Ths oytpoit of th&
«ptoooi«»lsr i s ooimeetsd to the dii'ver stage* rtiise ai^ser
si^iifiaatisB i s tissd to taigi^r th@ «Ai& th^^stoi»*
two iottr hit syacdisaQOiMi countsxs (t«i9i) sse ussA to
^mscsts asXsy sigssl* E i ^ t toggis sMitohss mm nssa to s s t
ths ao<|iti£«4 dsliqr» 'Om cm^v^ of di£ie«sitti«t«r i s smiasotea
to thi iooa tsfsdjasi of the m^stdimmimm eoistsr* \^ammmm ths
 25

signal C 90M ffWB Imi to hl^ ttie cenaili^r i s londNI «R«^ i%

•tftffts mna% denrn^ vliicili i s «Hi 3»Y toggle switel^es* As ssoii
as CKNttt i s ovQS* tlis oouttto^ givss <Mity^rt»#
isiK? fi'^is lilt OJ: tlx^ toggle ssitsliss i s ^gt<s^Tf
ooeneotsd t» the one ispst of exslnsiipe na g%ee« 7lie «^:ter
if^tst i s fioiKieetaa to tiie 9$jm^ ^* ^^MB the H3 i s low
tbff oiiCtiitst of the E^wiiattivi oa gats i s ^ « signal fi
itsel£# but irtmi the t^a i s h i ^ ths ms^^^ of eiteiitsiim on
gats i s this signal 7* ^lis i s used to gwaerato a aeliQf of •§«
ths viiiinit OS sjiictimiiioiis osmtejT i after invexsisii
i s sKiaalatea tdth ths o«i|?ixt of tim ^noltisive oa gate MS*
'j^m soanlatea oittt.iit i s fisst iijevectca and th«i £ea to the
$S5 aaiKiet^Xet eireuit* Thi^ ism:st^:d m^ut o£ S9»lt2Siiye QE
gate i s sDdttilatea with tiK." c^ignal F« aM--; i%)aylated aifpal
Iz Ixrmtct^ and fsd to tuc otherfliQR^taM€dseisit* ^^1%
outpi^ oS hoti! the Bxanost^ldis arc ttm todge^r s i s a l s to ^3m
tuo «scilac:sr thyrlstoxs*
fojr the px9^ip 0|i&£ati0Ki of the cvxtmit ossNotatodi
fS^xj^pett the naia l^ysistor shotO^ ise Hzx^d fixat# J"« f l i ^
flop i s used hese to ^el^ thi^ satisfaetoxir Opecatioci of ths
ohdipsr* J immt «fia oloelc ii^put aso oonaeoted to thcs tsiggar
sigaal £^ of the lesin thjfcistor nrliile E ii^^^ut i s grouodsa* 31is
octi^iit of the flip<»ilsi: i s waaolated «ith the eonei^iseidiag
SttKilasy thpl^tor pulse* nm outi]^ o£ ^«« flij;;*£loi> Hill
not he high lailes. the foain ttt^rci^tcnr |)t2lae ma i s aillilied to
Um nain shysistor* She oetpttt of J«iC £lip«»flo|» i s so^zlated
 26

tdtii thA mad^lmtr/ thycister £:ial^3e mid madaXa^'sSL 9Ut|:ut i s

iGU to tli^ as^toeoui^li&r £(3r Xsolatism* 1 ^ output o€ the
<^t<icQiu^2«r i s ccxmeetea to tlie adimr staQ»« llie islgnsl i s
aqpHfiled aRd ft^d to £}«:: ptalse tranefioxaf^r« whieh i s tawid to
tci0t|or tt)E^ aGBciiiyr3f t^tt^jpsis^Hr* The saDBS pcoc^Suco i s also
ttdiiirtod fidr ttss o^ier otaciliary ^tp:iotor pttloe*
vnec oii« o£ the dta^i^s is in ^uty interval m0i i f
thb t«i90er pisisit i s s^iiiiea to «IM» osin tlqrslstor of ttie
otherfilMv^ar*i t «ss fiyuaa thst i t Mia o ^t toiii«oo ^m to
ioif Cocwasa wXtog«a sososs it* ttm iiolts^ 4ca|i o£ tho main
ttisrcistor and the ^nothing p setor ot OB& d i a i ^ r sifseiups
soifoss ths othcir Junior* Sn snefo o osse* for st^iiislo
opsratioR of the «a«3f|-«ra nd^ daty ratio G "^0*% m harfl
gate ^Isivc st^ttia la© oMsd*
'ite tm^iafeincQr o t thii c^flppsc o m tie o&Jii&tea l>^
diaiigiiiQ the £c«(|u«ne:^ o£ ^ i s eioolc: a i p i a i aii^ aalbsf ratio
& is Qh«B^^ l>y eight toggle swltohss*
 27

«-5

( « ) <4k9$fVf %irtn»lk

Li
C\) jl4««i v v ^ V l«««t(M<i
j ! 1 j I

"'T:^

.4C

Fw-'a-i 5f«te-PHujf cttoff eg Circuit Art.

 28

C«L) Ciw>f^<v civ'csit

1—
• • • • •^

1
1 •

1 1
1 1 1 t->
t 1

1 •
k-^

SCR 0 P
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sen O I 5Cft 1 i) 1 SCR. I 0 [SCR

t|»J Voii<4<|C ci.A<i cv<^/«nk wav< i«v«ns

PW-13 SlTituE-aUftORKHT CHOpk>Eti C+t^-i^)

 30

U) ChoppfV Circuit

•^1<- v^ tr ^^i.

Lb) Volfe^ge trtd c y / v i h l Waveiovvni

F l ^ . Ik TW0-aUf»Dk2ANr CHOPfE:«(t.ct tic)

 31

VI

vJ^H

C«iJ CH»y^v ^Ycutfc

t^
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ir
•V - V -» - • »

I t
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1— 1 — t
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w»a»»i«i»^ [^ft'>ji- ^\i %c»%,i QiA SCR 1,1 \?W sum

tb) Wllo.9« and C«vy«*iV 'Ma/({oyv»y>

Fvn- ^'S tv^o-aoKuRAvT cHoPpew. U c j . ; viu J

 32

p<t

i=»H, i.* eowR-auApR/kWt cuoi'peR ct<L;t»v.)

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 33

Oft^
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L^ *

Cap^ci tov cwwfnt

Pt^ i-dcw cuRKenr \*'AvgH5ii.is o^Hii^ cot^Mj-rnTion

 34
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 36

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Fi9. ^2.^o:W4v«fo»nis * t Different Points of the f i r i n qg Ci

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 38

r«6* nmtm M0f®«

In tl^t ClM#tffir an «^«q»t i t »•&• to

iMMePiaifa& |»rQei<b2f» t» immm Him ^t^mw sipinitift^ for
Hit oiiiiaflittt elMpptr tti!^r«iUia d»e« meSMB mtm hmmmw
Hir «Ni MiHi 9f itJq^litl^t «• «xt lislttd to find tist
ifttA t«ti|Mi «liiartettiiili4$tt 34i«(l e«rftiifc iMtfet mariwft^
pluitt ddntiii ftr tv#slitet <aifl|»ptr «Mftv«iUyt& a««» t t r i t t
aot«r« im n^ytlng Hit i^ofptr eMitvia^td dit« t t r i t t
atttfi tbt »oii Xiotiffl^ t f Ht0ittl0 eif«iiit i t tiiKtii la
%# t i i t t m i t *

ISw Ada p9t1i.tBi in Hit tmili'gLt ^ <iifi9ptr

«tiitr«(Uti D«c» s t i i t t me^r i t Hitft tlit diri^fwaliia, t^glieis
liiieli attcfitett tut «pt?itioa 9i Hit ntfetr in difltttat atdtt
«r m d i i i ^ r tarcOt ««t nta aiatgr dut to atiOiiittf rtittioai
tetttta ^ t «f««ttist ioltietd ircatt^ tnd txttttiirt currtai*

anfitrietUy In^ tiktt <»sapttt^iioBia tlttt«

sifovt mtSiat^m t a t iditi^^tr eta«»«(atd d^o*

t t i l t t atttt «MM initiia ttim^tlea att hmm wait %tHi
flKT atlor mm ditif tr«
 3H

i
fbfiUilll^ out W(M «8i|JI''il9«

«iiiai7ii>9 pt^9^mA§ Wm m^tim coiitfMit £ i « MitttMft to t i a

finietl^ of Hi* «r«r«®i ^vgllw X^ «r itw anigltdM mvrm^

%m t i X^) • • • C3«t>
iHtftne « iiy«i €9«i« or «iMp«r x ^ i t fXMA
•ft ^ i i X t» lAfd HwtA* ^3m "ftajm «f £ Sw m glToii Xg^
isftlfldLaiAf i mtisMiSMHi'tilmtifiB <fti«ri(Sttfifti«t of tbo

fisr tm m^X gmwmmS^ A Xg^ ia ^ I gr«ragi

iPi&a» of e«ri«itf liio eafBotiMta.<»i cHiroetoiigtiot OOB te
«sp9eidyBMitod W tHo opffo*^ liioMi i a lif•C3«t) for IHm
tvoTia.iiot flf x^« i««* XQ^ ana x^^*

Xo Hiit m^rooGii tho imiiiHIiotloii disTtfttori*

oUoo bos tem n^iKdosUft % o itioi^it Xin* i^tcUii
tiiroi3# tiio potnt eorioa^i»iliig to tiio irouio of eurfoat
>

9»ii
K m K j ^ X^ « » • (3#0

*•• Hrfo
^
 (U) !lt«lft«iio»t tupA iUiduetaae*! oT « » aotcr amfttiitt
Mud fSttlft AM «eiitt«ai«

(iY) Hid ^i^?P«r «tttpit T i a t i ^ i s i^^if* wif* i««*

eo»mt«U9n iattyviO, i s asidiiilfts*

Cv> 1 ^ tlis eli^ppit fiiasti a ^ ilbtsHisiaf t^iffc is

E- •Eg • S^ • • • IL •

(vi) Hit eeadttstl$m «r «iirx«»% ^t^&a^ ^ s iaOiviaiid. i^ssss

«r Hts eHepp^ is c(8iyjMiis« m«f«fors titum^^ spsmtss
in t«9 sioaft ii0&<ay» ^ s ^clr intsrvil «a& fttMfesi^iiig
intMnriO.*

l i f t C3*l^ iietfs tlis enemt disgfini of *

«ati|itftft a«e« «itfipp«r eonsisUiis «i^ o ^ssss Him • snrits

•scii ehoppsr pbsts i s srsprsssfltsd Itgr « aii^ls tl^rfli^fir*

B Aid I. ysprsssBts t^tdL Bs«isfesni^ «ni iaatsetsms «P tlis
d«c« ssxiss aoton If^f Xtgt « * • 1*1. «i» ttis iafiisetwiai «r •
-^ sBooHdiig 3r«aieElor «»& B^ § ^ * • * * B^ i s Hui Bsdlftsnes
,> flf flw»«iiiig Hssctc^* HI© aiel^ ©^ , ©^ • • • D^srs ftrw»
«ties3iiig aiods ^m^ taiufs iso»liiiotis ioid eii]*i«sfe i f t!i«
iosi i s ntfaeissitS^ tmmtmum i s d ^ n H d i n fig« C3*a)«
«» n siisst «r « o a H i ^ s i i mnn^ism ^mmU i n ^ i r a U ^ a«ft
 41
fQe®&v«« m9 tutrgsr twm u emm&n mmf^^ HmnW t^&im
pmmt te & etmson losd« Hie dUT^^Ptnt ptisete «eae!tKSt
m^mmiimy i d ^ ft tSM fliiMi or (lyi^ iieoDdt tfsose 1Si«i
ilWM T i t tltd l^cici <^^^^liig pcrloa i n s^sonSs* t&ftn «
l^«rtima.tir cbc^mr i t (fit nm mnent slmt tlirougi Urn
Mioettliig rttetor ^3^ftimfttuKteixcidU iToxiic C^
iX" pttlofi
of lite ^)ei^«r lli« nooiliiai rvaetm* tiiii^slnG ^^ msptmA

eo3)Aietii8 «h€|^r ipliM^r« dllforeat sso^e of qperttlctfi «r9

tli&t es i&<3!pp«r ^emn ere COI^IK^UI^ t t «L tine*

l^^iiOitig tJapcm ^ e 48ty riHi, tnoi* esB bt

iMBO mm or mrt t^ian c^ic «ois^.6tJU3g x^mmB mt » ti8w« ?%»

(9)
in n ru!3fstloii ef t wM tile lotiul. ^ t of giiafte » « Xa
tua t^-it3^ii« t ^ ^us^er p0^G& t em be divided i e ^ di
i i i ^ f f ^ e or ^tifmat® 108i!l mrw&s^ otlfig it J msid gelling

fhrnn

HiKfe IS fepyeeente no* of «iiGpp9» plieee la

do^ laoie ilileii ^mp^tA^ t^on ttie rtlm of dnt^ Bi^oCS}*
 A?

no* «r jpusuMf <it) wxn tm m& givts irioti* or dut^ B^^ioCi)

S eimd^Ucij^mtdi i n ^tjr s^n*

imiiag t |
^^HF ^^^J ^^^^ ^^^w ^^^F ^ i P ^xlag Ct^t^}
"^^w ^^W ^^W' ^^^P" ^ w * ^^^fr ''m^ ^ W ^WK ^BiP 'WBP ^^^F ^HW' "iflilBWiPr ^W|P'

^ r m 3 a

Hme &«piai e^eettft ^SA vsOue ef S f cr

i^SMtQL inspection so e? to tw «$»!• to Orav tbo i««i|«od

 Wat m UHtivaa. of ttam tvHng ^m q^«ni^iiig
ef9^ «r tk9 dbvs^mf^ ^tm m fit^pm pUsata m% ^ a 9am eon*

^mOJU^t tint f«llii«ifig •qpH^^at s ^ « t tlm e«^pil«tt t t t

i« at

fCECS 3

fOB CS II

FOB Oi O

• • • • <3»3)
A d H ^ iSPL ^9 #9&mtloii C3»^ gtv«t

• ^ a K^ % »^ • B| C i | • I2 • • • • • ^n^
mom B* • B^ 4^m mA%* mt^ *Mt

$m cfi f t
SS^M^J^ir^.H^I^^Bl^

FfB (S S t

* »ijr ^gr *<r " ^a *a * ^ V

fm ® ttt i S • K^ igp "gr * \ ^n *®^m
MMMim fit t U «ici^tl^» elvftt

n SB • n K^ • « ^«r • ^1 ^^1 * "^S ^ * * * * V

4 1^1 4B* I
0 <
 45

it^m «r H ^ i t olittltiBd fyoRi lb* aagflitiMtlttii

diirteUrittict*

(2) w^ iBA t <u» tluHi eiOfifattlid ffwi •«• (3*5) «ad

i ^ i l l M C3^) 9m be itaia for flnliiig tte lo«d

euvfinit pliait c«rf@aat fttr t ^ iic»« <iC i^q^«r sAitity unci*

J^ol (mt ftcM talsa« 3*1* liDi»«tioo <3*$} ftol (3»6) e«s Di
iifMi f<r ttttsim tb« fidr^ii»iq»t«d ai«raet«i»rl«lle9 for
anSLI^ftii fSimpp»ief liitfv 0 i t m» of otuipptr sili«et#

C3»^) ^«r flnatiiHiit «iie|ip«r| iDlcii i s iistd for f i o a i ^

H M oas^ytMion for piifttt ourrKitt lead curfttife nod am»rot
otntift f AT tfor ito» of elM^cr i^aat* i t v mni ^ M it8t
of tlxit o^ttoUoiit ^im tfMOTtlotl oi(pro8tto» f«r ift^onftoatfliie
offlTftnl waA v«&t«eto of tuo ilioao cHoi^or «ro dotOopoA for
tfiffMNml tfyty iitttxvfSl*
Xa « tiro iHoai (^%p«r Unto oostt tio pootiKlo
atponiiag iQ^eii tlio ir^iit of at^y r«lio(6)«
 46

l&ftt i»t aod« 0 mm fB»m U Sa «odt 1« on» elkep;«r phaii

! • la <^lar iatu^via M»I mmw iiiopp«7 |bai» i » ia im^
tJHWiling latiff i l l iit«i» t t i a nod* 0 M b llitt <^iQip«r
patiM ait ia irvi«ife«tiiag iat«rflil* ^aai aoUt «i^iir
i^ttrt^t^v Hio 6$SSmtmsi^ pvaaietad wtfrafiiiBie is iliaiia
ia Hg* 3»3(«>«

Haya aa aaea as mm citc^par phass aniars iaHa

fsaatHasiiag isi^aivia atNr aatavs iato < l ^ ial«fVigl*
"Stotafwa eaiy asda I i s praaiislt* Hia pm^eWk wm^m»B
ia flboim ia rig* |4(^)«

HM f i 3 ^ af «tetar Batia 6 btgr^ia e«$ rasiata

ia Hia aeea3a»M «^ staaa 2 anft isaiSa t« la oa^ 2 bctli
dusi^^ l^asi fixa ia &E^y iat@fveSL# t^ss taa nadas i^aar
i^taatttaZjr «i^ ari€i& iim wmmt^m asifeava ia fig* 3«3Ce) #

As «:iq^iiiBid ptaflims ^ « t i a a tva iliasa

d»^per^ meia atatita^Niaaaaa c^ ^^mratlaa 4^pan8ii9«
apiai tha vitlus af ^tar Bgfeia#
 is^mm^icitm tor lJiitaiA«M<mt ircfLtagte mA
mfmnt9 f^ tfe« tuo emMtf oat &• 0 7 0«5 mft «fli^ i s
i < o«$ aft a«f«x«fiiA#

eim»f ^» XoiA eumnt puQiiftttt &t tiro tlMs

of UMI ci^of^r ^ 0 lotd ciimtit iNii«r€rB» can fet dividtd i s l o

f«itr aifliistBik lufttftil.* imHm ^Sm P6A »nitez«d (liA aisa
Sfift ) 3««& ^rz«iik fifiii ibmNm9 dofifig «f«afio^,( a ^ WBA
Mft} aioiil cnriviit iecsGrt* iiae« It ii«$tet«iitOUNNidr m»ma9&
tliit eli«|}p«r ti^aiAi am id»«ftieia« Shftafore phtit oirs^Rt
wtfTttfere vmx tm l^eatisal f«r iia ^a«»t and l^aaa nMrtfors
^«3>«e« ^ 1/2 aae* fsgn oaa amthar for tve i^aaa (lieiipar*
m a ^9 aiq^raaal^ for tlia pHaaa aarfant vgrefosa af
«ni «ii<ipiav pHaaa i e ealeiattiSt tiiafi tai@ e^i^aMlaa far
HM i^a$a cmna^ mmiom af aHwrtibappai?pliaaaa aan tm
aftil3^ waRtai ant*

3*^*^ C^g* 1 P«*3r Baitto 8 7 0*5

Zntaivia 1 Qi ap«f»tiaii (tnaa 0 <^ t ^ t|^

wmim ^^9 twit>mmttSL lie^ ^ a ^lappar ia eoiM^titig lianaa

f t ^
^ » E ^ i U^
%ava It^ K^ *^^
 48

mA %| i t i a i t i i l eiarstiJlfe ivm taw piwrioii* <^^»

•aft Sg • ( I j , , -JS^I ) <l4 - V Y >

 49

itiMitiilldii «f ¥i^i» ?j^^ ggm •«# (3»10) i » (3»11)

ioaiBtioii or niis •qM^M^^

fUtfO

l^gHoii 0«&)t C3*^} iiii C3«1<0 AM tik« V^MK^OII iaa^cnlMw

Milt losiA enTfVBti iraltsflP tcroi* ao^fetr tiaa ^mm 1 etuhrtst
asvlng I f t iatirvitl of <i$«rt^<»ii«

Diifii^ I M « ifiUzviLl eltopp«r l i » 08 toft CBd'pm a

i s (i?t a«iw« ISO** 1 i « pmmtf^ i»ii# •» it i« fmm ««• 3«H
 50

• • • • • (3.13)

io fMB •^ftHoii (3«t) tad (3*13) f V* €*t

* • • • (3*1^)
tQitgt0 a/aem9 ^9 mt/^ diiiiiii nils int«rfi3.

• S^ •K|^ ^ * ^ ^ • • * C3*li»)

^ ^12 * *1 * i a * ^1 ^ l / ^*
 51

Hfldttt&oii cC t ^ t t l ^ (3*17}f iNieoBBt

> i^ A . < •^^^ V^T> t*^^* V ^ T I J

C%5

K^pmU^i (3*t^}f <3«t^> « ^ (3«IB) 8tv«s tte JHutttnfctntfiee

tmummm mniim wit»mu«immmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmAmmmimmmSlmm

to itttewsd I oac^tfi 1 ^ ewtmw^w mm idLi^weoa tgr tliio

tg* Hftiioo f»3ft o^zAtloa <3»^t no sotf

!.• % / a t • a t 1^ . ^ . • . C3»W
 52
ietlu^QA «f tiil« «(iamtloii tw

w« • C3»9B)

m £wm «^«timt CS**^) tnd C3»20)f m get

^ mm <3*21}

•j3 « Rg» t^^tm^^mi . . . <3«2a

mna «ii2«ti,ii}i (3*^) mA C3*^f IMI e^t

«-V^
2

• K^^I^r^ .^.^ (3^23)

 53

<**«* 1^2 m 1^2 etc / t wig

lq|K»tiim (3*21} t(3«a3} ml C3«^) ^terllxse tli« iii«taal«ti.

• • • (3*25)
 54

^%i ^ •^^^ • . . • (3«a&)

Sow iiltftii i cumuli ^tim ^^o tot»vriil*

i ^ , •^l ^ V ^* • -^3 -^« •^^^

• X^ •-«**V'^^1 •-• (3.®)

lilQXO

EViatloiit (3*26), (3«;SB) ssd (3#S9) glimt tlM iiiitciii«Bt<m»

eiur»mt atiisg lute mm. h of «|>«rftm«ii«

 55
mmm oibtaiiittd all «hi T^xiablttt* i ^ « load
tmrccntf ipoltase aasomn weMK «id cnirseiits thftough ^ihem?mt %

tesiiod to tt«tal»ii«}i laomacsr oon^ticms so a» to Cisd tli*

MiitioS. -^ItMio of lood oursont ood I^MMO i emaraiito* aiii80#
BOffUor i t i s asmmed that lioth ^le^^p^r |;ii«86s i s iaentieoi*
timtm i s tm OBsA to Wi^ tUs oorsw^i ttuaough j^lioso a* beomiso
Lt i s siUttiisr to phaso i oseoe^t i t diii^iaosa tt^t "^ soocmas

aisoe ttoe load oui'isBt imlsiitos «t ti^Loe tuo otioiiser

exocponoiss m»& hss liaii opslo Sfn^stxy i t neea not sotted for
ftii tlie foor itttesvsl of oposotisBt Banmrnrt the phase etmoiit
las tote!»soifod for ail «ho four iasiorfs^s so as to ovaloattod
I* • in tiKxsw of IsnoiMi paKsastMur of ths obopf^r ootor {|XOMp«
Piwas find ths initial looi oorc^it in tmem of iooif t:aramiter«
rxon SQttatiOR (3«**8|^

«lMixe ij^ • ij^CtlA •• t2

also ij^it) • fc <i • a****^^/^ ) • z^ « * < * ^ V T ^3,31)

**•** ^ •* Hi, ^^*^ t • t*

rson e^joatiom (3«^) aaod (3»SI)« tn get
 56

vaitie of 30MI ««rsito% «BS naidUis t)» uae of thlA «^piatiofi«

one e m g t t tiMi 2o«4 «itrCQB% «fe ansr tine and ffooi tlw loaA

iiQV iBslng tlm laotmacf eon^tioiHi to finS tht i^haao %

QBft 96% tlMi i n i t i a l vaiues of ptmm t tmrsmit hf waMsg

v»m o£ di££t£«iit pliaso t eacr«nt «<saatioiis»

4. J t t Ci »•• •,••• , »^.,ft.iiiii. .HIT I.I. m4

K. ."**»**»*''^. -'*2-*»>>*ri -<*4-*,»/,,

m i'ii«»i"ii •iiiiiiiiim iiiif m o w * { ffli > iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM •iiiiiiiiiW 1 I iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iw I n m m > «
 57
it| •^-fejJ/^ M%^^>/r^ -C*4-«ta>/Y7i
«iiiMji iiirijmiii una ^ Mi immmmm»mmmmmmSLmmmmamtmimmmmmmm^(ff V d »
j^^VVlj " A

. ^ » ^ . ( « •^•'« ) O.SJ)

action toy ttsiag «QastiQiia ffon <3#7) to <3«S3) ^it ns^om

of load cmcxittiitf (haio etiriaeiit ean !» |Slnd oob*

In thim OMo aM»d» i and nsSo 0 s>x«9«»% «It*m«tivftl7«

III M»do i «if^ tfwf^ir l,li«8e im in duty intecvaS «Rd in mo&B 0*
tootiH dMifier wem in fxoe niiaeiittg infeejcvai*

m this ifitenwi ctesi^r % is m mid oiiai>{«r 3 i« oir*

rutting n « i in o^E^ia^OB ii*4}« %« 9i&t
s • a* i,^ i> i.« i ^ ^j^j^j

aoiution of this •^ettatiOB

ij^Ct) 1 ^ C i • o-^/p) • j y • - * / ^ CJ.SS)

Zfoad in»3Lt«gp aoiooo motor

FitMi oiipuitions {$m%%} md C3«3<}# ono got

 5H

()«38)

^lufcicm o£ this eqiMfciwi

iJZDi*

HlWIXtt

^ai • "^ • *i

and Tt • H ^

SqiMtianfl (3«9$}# C3*37} tm& (3#39} give* tht iaitvieoiiS

ittiXwi o€ XoNwi <mi»i«it# iRiS.t«s^ mmma, ttit motor ana i^tacM %

ftllf^f;^ l i t l JBfflHigft Ctine t|, to t^^

XMicii^ this iBtexYaX b o ^ etMs^Mir 1 aad ^leipswr 3 i s off«

 59

tmmm • • 0# fnai m^mtlmi i«4* «» get

Tim «»l«tftlQB «i£ ttiis mf^mkiatm ia

*u'*> • *u • "'*^'^^ «.«)

nlwse Sj^jl " initial eunwiit fson pnewtous efola

iron miosfeiaB (3«3S} flnA (3»40)t «• get

rjpm •^nati.aii (3«4i) «nd (3*42)« «• g»t

Vj^ <t) • I j ^1 • "^^ <3»*3>

fft«M i oomnt Im

Oil • « j i ; ^ m^^ m n^l^jj • l i j HI iiiigiii. C3««4>

 60

«» l»itA«l mUkim of cattxiot ftos ptwvlmm eifeUm

o f OlpOXVlSliQII*
EqiiisUoiio C3»41)« {1*49) iMl C3*4S) «ive Vim ixmtmtmmvm
valvft of load ottcs«iit# iroltago aerooo notor «id i^iaso t
cwnPHrt^ A i d i i o oooQiid «bOi^c*iraA o f oi^BratjLoB*
Sntexvoi S OF Qsomtion (tSaft t^ t o %^}
m iMm liit07r«S. Ohoiaipor t im (HTF and «liosi«i? a i s Q^#

H *!.•*• ^f**^
fiw ooiituUm of ^&» oqpBtiflB
« 4»Ct«^)/ir7 •Ct^)/p
S

fnon mqpaMitiiem (3*41) «ia <3»4«l* OBo «et

ij^Ct) - ^ • C ^ C . * * ' ^ - * * * ^ ^ - ^> • ^ i ••^^ i$.4t)

Voltagd acsswM nstor

^U • 4 *13 • *• " " ^ (3»49)

FfMi aqootiaM (3*47> « ^ <3*49)* ooe get

mr Vj3<t) • 1^ • i ^ • * ^ ^ C3*4f >

*i • """ ^"
Wr>

Zn this i s •xvaa diflifMir X %M OFW, Ttem

Solution of this •<iisaticn beeoiBM

ij3 C t ) . - ^ <i •« * * )
 63

^ ! & I »"••>• •'»i..«i.«i.i»i.w»iii.liii«>|[iinii iiriiii.i.iiiiiimiii ) 4|> J , ^ e

a* l« • !»• 4<rr*
MWW » ©

.(i>«,)/v /"CTV*^"^
»M<« - %. • ' i*"5'^>l
.^
"•"'
-y-'^

#E. * \^^ ^^ ^^ •* . » "^"^

Wmm mf^m^^m C3*53l and il«SI) mm gem

 63
» ^/r ^i/v %^V

E^pMUOB (3*S2)# ii«S4) «idl(9«S5l gives the ifistaitt4HB*ot»

ir«l«w o£ load oomas^* voltage aercMss notdr end pttaae eorcealfc
^teueiim this iatesvml.*
Bom 9utMiiXl9h the bcraods^ oooaitien for filling the
i a i t i e i iraitw o£ ieoa enuacmi^ ana i^hese i oiirseiit

• ( t • t-)/Y)
eis« ij^Ct) • %5| • ^
 64

(»*S7y

r e m •qiostion (3«SA> ana (3*$7)« «• 9B%

T^ • j|t ™ 'I't • * ^ * U*S9}

€1 • • ^ ^ J
I'or pliaMi I <nunMit

ijj (t)A -0 • ij4 (tl / t • t^

«Rinm(it# on* 9«% tli> i n i t i a l irsiue of i^uwo i oncvtnt* tieiio*

*it • T < * ^X^

^ a » o ^'*i
«» 1 ^ I OMIH I mil I i|iiiiil|iiiiiii> .Ml iiiiiiii M |

" -^a^^ ^ 3P ^« *^^*

 65

• ' "i i " i i i | i ' i ; i j INI ( l""ii ' ". ' iTr I III II Ill mil) (S«iO}

rhm bar aiOilag vam o i •^gsaUcn* C9«i«) to C3«M* otm

em get fiSiavaotMciatioi of t«i9 pimm c9iafss»r csootsiallitA d«e«
9tcie» aotor fior ^Utty cst&oo ICMW «bt«i 0»S«

maxom eannstit I s tte siii of s^aso onntsts IAMEI

tlwy am eoconetiiig aSsnltamoittily* fiie»ifox»# «iqpxni«i«i for

ttiB oowMMi oorxast own be o i a i l y (iesiiNid team Vtm ipiuwo eiimAt«

&]i£iSMi8ioii ti«e the c^oofoe oimwit i n £lf8t latosval

tlmt i s 0 to t|# i s Vim mm of pliiso one oiie»mt aiariiig odd
iiiMiMf.ivdi iatsswULfi* henOB

I i* f ^%
^Hcae) <i»«l)

;^4iiitisri3r« fli» @3ips<»«8ioit £GMt til* soasoe oucxont i a

ttM ^eoaoa intttivai that i s t^ to %2» ^'^^ ^^ ouMMtios of
ptuwo % msanetrnt aoiing oven naisefed ^eAocvaiSt that i s

1 ^ - i t a * H 4 • - ~ * • HC2ii>

€ J *i(aft>
 66
CurcwBt 1^2 ^^^ ^ ^ < o ^^"^ ^ ^ ^ raiio

zo our ««•• for tiw tHo S^UMMI «hag>pttr the sousoe cnanrmt iiUl be

CI) nhMi 8 70«S

Ciunnnit djpplA ««i Ise ••oii^r deciYvd £CCMI tlw #qi«itiaiis of

ttMC<&fOSO

7o £iad Ottt t£»i dif£«£«K® eliaraetesistiea vis* Jioaa

oiumMit i^iaao o e m n t anid aonxco etummt* £ov two ^mam ctiq^per
 67

idth tliB i«80&t4i noting i s giipua in q^pimdlii B#

 68

o
trof

"is- M t " « « « * i ' . H « C h « . c l „ i . n c Approxl«,Uc„

 69

-l>f^ '^fVwWl^i

1 i
>• *,/AA-1W\^.

o, zxs A - 4r^ aiv X ,i v

I "i

F i g - 3 1 - - 8<«.SU M u l t i p V v ^ s ^ CHopP«Y Ciy<;v>ii

 70

'u 4 "> t

h ^'^'z
"^ K -> t

•^-t
CX o 1 1

^^ Z-%(.k) W4vffoyii1 jor Two PKftSC ChojjpCt.

 71

LI^

Cb)

Fig. 3.3: CcoYxid. ) , c^sE

 72

SsD-i^

-> t
'GCH.
^x

->- t
2 1
Cc)

P i g . 3 .g- Ccontd.J CJLSE m

 7S

To cHwfir "^i^ t ^ imtHlesM^m of advant^ies of Cbe

t«o j^hmm fihoi^r eonfjee^Ued <S«o« oexias aofc^r oveir aieglo
pbaiMi ohoiipttr oonr.xoUs^U caXoiii«tioii of ifMted • tov^oe
duuraketeficUos* load ourrent* piiase casiaeiit aouxoe eunent a i ^
Cttmnt ciH»lie i n tbt load oonewit hm tmm &sm for « teat
sedos aotor*

'Sim iipeeifle«tio»;j of a*e« aoj^os nott^ ase i

Vo&tage ffatitig • 220 V

dtneent mtiiigi « iS m^*

TOt^ fteai0taaoe of tba o o t ^ » 4«49 ohes

TiQftal inauotanoe of tlie iao«or «* 9SS*6 oB
«^peelfieatLgii8 o€ anoothlng mae^s am
Xafiuotanoe of aiaoofeMctg saaetor • •096@&1 VA
naalalMtio^ of sxnoolililfi xaaotoir * ttS oV^vv\s
and dtms^ixiQ ^mslod of «3io ohoi^r i s asai»aa aa

S«33 X &0*^ aae*

^ fBagaatiai^iaii obar^MStaristicsi of a«e« aaslaa

iBOtor is alsoijii in f i g . S*i«

CaieulatiaB of »pi^i « 'S^oiKiua cSi^ufiusfeasiatioa Ibr

a , c , aaxiea nator oootioUa^l by two fsDaae oiMi^^r aa mil m
 74

•ifigl« s^tmom ttms^t baa iMNm oarziftS out i n the foUoMUif

CD l o r an m»mK^ imit» of ^totj^ ratio iul mA mummd

mXvm o£ X^^ tU^ the a i f fiexent vaiufta of R and R ^

Ui) ^ow ealetslato er«et3 ai^ toirque ffon mlMt t^ssi^etJL'm

a<iaati9iis«
£:^ciea«a?<»r%iiae c@iation £or dutjr i » t i o (L} » o«tt .md
atit^ catio (ii^) m 0*3 i a gives i n Talie 4»i ana
I'alilo 4*2 ceapeetiveiy*

Ca) Buty natio (c) 0«#

1 K ''af mw
atf i^iogie phase
Chopper dhoii?er

1 •ii9 •tl3 •118 1070«$S8 1076^44

a #aa3 •09433 •649 41««2@9 413»63
s •S33 •1066 2«669 203*283 200^93
7 •783 •11196 5^4!^ 126«296 1S4^06
9 •961 •106'm 8«649 93,0S9 76«11
it i«i9 •10916 13^Q899 67«a»}l 94«^
13 i«383 •10639 17*973 60«98 4a«63
ts i«440 •G96S3 21«719 42,161 39«S7
%f l»4GHl •08712 2S«176 34^834 31*96

(XiMe »o» 4«1}

 75

iSS>

*«r K "•f Bp^mA in caa/Me»

Tio s:ti«M aiaglfi itiiMMi

t •SI3 •lid •118 $I9»23 SI7.U

3 •283 •09433 •849 I83,07 I80.^
S #S33 •IO(M 2«66S t9«45 n.ll
7 •t83 •III96 $•481 42*dOS 39*77
9 •9«i •I06t8 8*«49 24«38 22*03
ii 3«I9 •10^8 13*089 ll«739 9«42
13 1*333 •10638 mm 3«28 •9U

(TiSlle iiO« 4*2}

grafih U9» 4^2«rnoAcm^$tX66.

4*3 <^i^fOBL4inorj or tarn t^m^^mm .mv^^ amm:ms jma sot^gE arimiyr4*

4*3 •! vat t m t^tiasft dioi^r caBtsoUad dl*e* ^ y l ^ tc^tof
ii> aiitj £ati0 (£»} • 8«4
t^ «<|i* sec*
t j • •9t atto*
%2 • «4S iieo*
 76

ioOBmSsKmmSBtm

mmmmmimmmmmmimmmmmmmmmmmm
tSSTdSSSSS^
•MMMMMMMM
%«0 %• t| %• tj % •» W '% •» it

9«0 Nssp* a»964 3«036 2*9«4 B«OM 2«9<4

2* S.0 • 4*964 S.036 4«944 S«036 4,964
3* 6*964 t*0i6 6*964 7*036 6*964
6*96$ 9*036 0*963 9*036 d*963
10*963 11*036 10*963 31*036 tO*t^3
6* 12*963 33*036 32*963 33*036 32*963

ittm» 4*3)

Qtm Phmm mtcz«&t^3 CiUK^.)

UO» of 3 ^ 1; « 0 % •» %jr % • t»2 * • » • i «f
% 3*0 m^9 •S608 #6996 3.076 2*338 •s^a
2* 5.0 • 3*634 3*673 3*349 3*338 3*634
3* 7*0 • 2*663 2*^3 4*370 4*3t6 2*663
4* 9*0 • 3*673 3.737 S*394 S*233 3*676
S* 33*0 « 4*689 4*727 6*204 6*243 4*684
6* 33*0 « S«696 S«734 7*233 7*247 S*6S6

CStSbS^ 4*4)
 77

^90 SMUMMh •...t^BBMI.)

»{!» * • V * • * • t» • ^Ml * • * ! tl • T

t« S«0 ^ ^ * 2«i367 a.neft 2«07S8 2*7288 2^}7$9

3*«367 •S938 2*8387
2. s»e • 4«t99 4.M0 9*1482 4*3^ 3*2492
i«673 4*782 2*672 4*793
3* t,0 • ««8420 6*9&8 4*178 8*928 4*278
3«7i0 $•842 2*720 8*842
4» f ,0 • 8«87« 8«f44 S*294 8*948 5*294
$•711 8*874 2*727 8*874
S* ti#0 • 10*894 t 9 » M 8 8*»»4 20*^8 8*204
4»nt 20*894 4*727 20*894
«• 13*0 • 12*807 i 2 * f 8 l 7*222 22*982 7*222
§•724 22*907 9*734 22*907

(7aibl« 4»S)

The vftsictlon of 2o jd onnweit* ]^hmm cvxwmA aod smmcm

cnanvBt for B m 0*8 £or two j^ia8« ^ l o s ^ r «aiitco21«d d*€r* MSifts
notor «t «0siiMi8 • • 2 u i <i€ Z ^ » 80 Jttp* i s sho«D i a f i g * 4*3*
(ii) aiity aaftio (@| • o*3
lime* t| • 0*3 7 see*
%2 * d*9 9 sse*
%^ m 0*8 7 SSO
8^ • 9 see*
 78

Cjt» MniMiml MA9A onsmii* A* (ijMinii, )

Ko* I""»'«"" It W %| i s i j i % «* %% %ti«4

U 3*0 i^l^p* 2*9«$ 3«0M a«9«3 3«694 2*949

2m S<^ • 4.94S 9«09« 4«9«9 5*094 4*949
»* ?•© • ••949 7»0Si 6*945 7*094 6*949
«• ••« • d«9«9 9«09« ^945 9*094 0*949
9* u»o • t0#949 U«094 10*945 U*054 10*949
tf# 11.0 • S2«9«9 IS«@94 12*949 13*094 12*949

(filllft 4«#>

2jp* Vkmtm eoTfimt i^ (i«ip«*)

^9* k mb * -H % • tfejl % m %^ * • T

3* 3*0 i«i»« 0*96iO 3*760 3*7022 0*627 0*5680

2* 9*0 • 3*723 2*933 2*096 3*779 3*723
3* t,0 • 2*796 3*977 3*920 2*843 2*786
4* 9*0 • 3*833 9*033 4*954 3*879 3*823
9* 3t*0 • 4*043 6*033 9*976 4*897 4*843
6* 33*0 • 9*890 7*040 6*993 9*931 9*8!^

1itmUM 4*71
 7B

• ' ' W W W — ' — — ' I '• « • I • » I timmmmmmmmffmmimiimmmi'mmmm]! n ,ij imtmmmmptmmmmmmfimmmmmmimmmmmmimmmmmim

Zt . ^ ^ ^ *«••••""» II II iiiMiiri ^ I mil ii,iiiiiiiii>iiiiiiii.iiiifiiiiiiiiijiii i.ii i i i i i ^ i i i i i H i . mm i mm

of i , ^ * « «

!• 3*6 mm* a«2Te 2«337 0 3*337 0

a* 9 a*2t0 9 a*270
2* S*9 • 4*S79 4*49 0 4«i93 0
9 4«S79 0 4*S79
3* 7*9 • 4*797 6*S913 0 6*313 0
9 6*TOt 0 6*7C7
4* 9*9 " 8*774 8*9{^ 0 9*337 0
9 9*77« 0 8*774
S* U*0 " 10*919 iO*t^ 0 16.93KI 9
9 i0*9l9 9 i0»ai9
«* 12*9 « ia*849 22*9S9 0 22*959 0
9 22*349 0 12*349

IXatolfi 4*9}

^l» irafl«t&OB o£ I4»aa omnctst* r'tii>^ aeaesm^ and scmreo

eiuvstit^ for s • 9*2* for two r^iase diOE^r oantroXIod d«e* i^rieo
no«or «fe »*;«it<l value o« l-,. • 5«9 o^* i» ahowi 4n iig» 4*4,
 80

$*3«2 jOT iteglf rniMff ^i^wfff n99ffl<iy^l<?^ 4ti?f f t f l t f

M M M CMwXttlll* C^^ps}
{I9«

IWIWllWlli
1P«llMI o f
X
Wl7JEtMli|...IH.>.
^--,5 t.tj
MMAi
^«r^
I* )«0 ^M|» 3*dQ3
2* »»o • S*t92 4«a34
3« t»0 • i*904 7*193
«• 9,0 • 3*S0S 9#t93
S# 11*0 • U.&93
6* »1.0 • 13*905 t3»19S 12«a05

<ir«lile 4.91

liOmrao cmcsofitt s,^^ imsi^B)

liO. valiMi o f %«iO
^H % • tu • ^

!• 3«8 -^tq^ 2*904 3*191 0

0 2*904
2. 9,0 " 4*904 9*192 0
0 4»«N^
$• t#e • 4*904 7*193 0
0 9*904
4* 9»0 • 9*90S 9*193 0
0 9*IK>9
S« U«9 « 19*909 11*193 0
0 10*909
«• I9«e • 12*909 13*193 0
0 12*909
"'" " &M •""1*165' ""
 8],

Wbm vaei«tian of load eureent md eoexie* eusx^Bit Max

doty satio Ul » 0*3 iwr «lngto ^tmm cftiers^r ^qiitiollsd d*e«
• « « ! • • moittxt iov «a Mstxaia INAIIB of Z^^ « i«0 /««?, im tliowi

Osaaemst ti^Xe l a tho loofi ouszviit has tmrna ealeiaatod

ff«t4o i&) fMT Single s>lias«

<!liiO« 9&T%M0 n o t o y #

iSurcttit Rip|,l@ for Z 4 i^ispi

«r

Valufe of
s
<ihtm^v

0 0*0 0*0
0*0728 0*0362
0«8 OtlOtt 0*0S4S
0.25 0«tSI7 0*0S67
0«3 0«1«99 0*0942
0*4 0*1942 0*0342
0*2022 0*0
0«4 0*1942 0«0342
0*7 0*1499 0*0543
0#7S 0*1S17 0*0947
0*1011 0*0943
0*0729 0*0342
0 0*0
i§Mm 4*i«
82
 83
4m4 CQIK3i2SiaR

ndtiCir dtopcE^ls ^pm « ^ W9^xm of Snfty ratio (s) o£ ttw

cSMi^ir vhldi wa,t$»B txom 01 « l«o. stw ei^ii^sion £oir ttM
tottd muami^ ^mm emxmtz ms^ Boimm oaneniit* hss IMNUI
d*v»l«i«d far thtt two «»tes of dot^r ratio i«o« i^ 70*S «Dd
Q< 0«S« tilt taqj^iMtioci £ ^ «p6c^ tor^ofi ^)araeterlst4«tt «Mt
rlpi;^!* oom^ntnt in ioaa eorfe&t has also deec dr«Bi«|i«4»
03r Galeaiating tb»' toad Gi£ne«»t# |^^»^ ««arreiit aoS
aootOK cnsrsinit aiaraofceridtios for a d«e« acrias notor aMit» Uatf
l»f ti^a s:iiasa dtorpar afe ^iit^ ratio Cc) • 0«3 zs*& ^Sxstf ratio (&>•
0*ll« mem foaas of these ai^^cost casrenti has tatcm i^ottcd*
thoaa waiiefoffli agrreea i^th tha« nha^^er s^rtdieteci for tao
eaaaa of ^t!atTf ratio# one ia @ 7 0»S and othtr ia a < 6«S« SB
aadittOB to thia apaafl • ^^r^oa <mariD0ta^at4oe m^ rlif^I*
oaqpooent in to tha ImA eoem&t has al^o ha«m eaiooi^aa and
plotted* All thaae idia^oteriatiea of two phaso <twi9^par
oem roilad d«e« aaslaa mtor has aiao haeo oarsied £»r aiagXa
phaaa Ohoippar omtioilftd d«o» mtvles a9tor# Ttiesa diffarest
vaPBfonws for tKHOi eaattt haatoeafi,oQO|}arad«iihiOh ahowa ^tm
"ralidity and aavaatagaa of tifo i^asa Ohai^par eontrollaa a««»
aartaa aKitor o««r aiaoSa phaae otioi^r oontioiia^ d»o# aaiiea
notor# «hi«ti ia tha m3i$» ^J^cstims of thiiii ^^Lsffiirtatioii*
Bmmd Qs% thi QMottiat^a perfon^Bioa of d^e* smsimm
motor* aona icf^ostant c^jisolusiQoa hawo hsmk «aat» «hiOh are •
 S'4

U) Tm phAttt mam^w e»tfoSle4 d*Q» 8»fi«8 Motor gin^ft*

vim cmam of iip6«a ip«rt«tiaii m ^tom-axeS, to 0iii9l«
j^Mam ohe^pcr sane o^snUsg ambitions*
Ui} xt has Iwen otioM} %lt«fe p o ^ dtsiaita ois ite SOOJBCMI
cmmmt i s JLftss^lsr x<(5^«o@<i iM caso of tw» phasw
c9iai»p«r oantfoiles 4«e* oecisd taert^ar*
(iii) ^ 3 t im^ns* ift oaas of die0l@ irltase «l»rpf»r ooRtsoll^
d*e« s@x!ie9 motor# eouro* s!)oulS tsB ce^ta^e of si^pir
peak iSemax^ o£ the l.o4i^ Qtts»«tt«
WLi) !Ul$|.l& d^B^oRt^i^t^ in tlie ioatS conewrtt cantsoliod i s
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 85

8 10 12 U 16 la 1
If in Amps
1 MAGNETISATION CHARACTERISTfCS OF D. C
SERIES MOTOR
 86

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 87

0.1 T 03T0.6T T
LOAD CURRENT WAVE-FORM

O.IT 0.5T 0.6T T —* t

PHASE-1 CURRENT WAVE-FORM

. "OTT O.^T 0.6T T - ^ r

A (li) P H A S E j J - CURRENT WAVE-FORM

t
w

0 O.IT 0.5T0.6T LOT —^t

(iV) SOURCE CURRENT WAVE-FORM

FIG. 4.3 DIFFERENT WAVE-FORMS OF TWO PHASE

CHOPPER CONTROLLED D. C. SERIES
MOTOR AT DELTA = 0-6
 88

0.3T 0.5T 0.8 T T •* t

LOAD CURRENT WAVE FORM

0,3T 0.5T 0.81 LOT

PHASE-1 CURRENT WAVE FORM

fNJ

2.0
U)

0.3 T 0.5 T OBT 1.0 T t

FIG. 4.4 DIFFERENT WAVEFORMS OF TWO PHASE
CHOPPER CONTROLLED D.C, SERIES MOTOR
AT DELTA = 0 3
 89

1 5.2^

LOAD CURRENT WAVE-FORM

(A

0.6T T ^\
(li) SOURCE CURRENT WAVE-FORM
FIG. A.5 DIFFERENT WAVE-FORMS OF SINGLE PHASE
CHOPPER CONTROLLED D. C SERIES MOTOR
AT DELTA =0.6
 90
1 1

! "

- 5.0

/ 1
4.8 1 1
1 **
03T T ^ \

(i) LOAD CURRENT WAVEFORM

CA

0.3T T _ ^ \

(ii) SOURCE Z\}RREHJ WAVEFORM

FIG. Z».6 DIFFERENT WAVEFORMS OF SINGLE PHASE
CHOPPER CONTROLLED D. C. SERIES MOTOR
AT DUTY RATIO DELTA 0=03
 91

SINGLE PHASE CHOPPER

0.1 025 0.4 0.5 ae 0.75 0.9 1.0

VALVE OF DELTA
FIG.4.7 VARIATION OF RIPPLE IN LOAD CURRENT WITH
DUTY RATIO (8 )
 92

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