Documenti di Didattica
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Schools, Methods and Case Studies
Central European University, Budapest
Fall 2006
Constantin Iordachi
Department of History
Iordachinc@ceu.hu
Overview:
The pivot of many novel developments in European and American historiography
in the last decades, social history has evolved as a separate field of historical inquiry,
becoming institutionalized in new academic departments, research institutes and
specializing journals, such as Journal of Social History, the International Review of
Social History, Past and Present, Comparative Studies in Society and History,
Geschichte und Gesellschaft, etc. During the time, social history has become very
diverse, covering a multitude of theoretical stances, methodological practices, and sub
disciplines. These include the history of social categories and social organization, of
work, of towns, of peasants, of the family, of children, of consumption, of poverty, of sex
and gender, of medicine, of mentalités, of demography, of crime, of popular culture, etc.
It is therefore not surprising that no standard definition of social history has
gained unanimous scholarly acceptance. Some historians define it negatively, in order to
emphasize what social history is not (i.e. “history with the politics left out”), while others
underline its inclusive character, defining social history positively as “total” history, and
not just the study of politics. It is, however, commonly accepted that the rise of social
history has been intrinsically linked to the development of behaviouralism, with its
cliometrician and quantitative approaches and the growing interaction between history
and the neighboring fields of anthropology, literary studies, psychology, sociology and
political science. The practice of social history encompasses a shift of interest from
political events to socioeconomic structures, and a change in historical methods from
narrative to quantitative techniques and interdisciplinary models of interpretation. In
addition, social history has always been “theoretically minded,” being characterized by
the conscious and largescale utilization of models and types of historical interpretation.
The enlargement of the analytical focus from the history of political elites to that of wider
sociopolitical groups has also stimulated the comparative study of societies at micro and
macrolevel (be it global or regional).
This course traces the development of social history as a discipline of history,
from an interdisciplinary perspective. It examines main historiographical schools and
approaches in the field; explores some of the methodological principles which underlie
social history research and writing; and encourages reflection on controversial matters
relating to the writing of social history. While it can be safely appreciated that every type
of historywriting implicitly employs elements of social history research, the course aims
to make these elements explicit, by increasing students’ awareness of the specific
theoretical underpinning, methodological tools, vocabulary, and sources associated with
social history. It is hoped that this systematic introduction will further hone students’
ability to engage in original comparative research.
The course is divided into introduction, three main parts, and conclusion. After a brief
contextual introduction, the first part focuses on the emergence of social history as a
reaction to the dominant political history of the nineteenth century and its crystallization
in different national variants: the American behavioralism, the British neoMarxist
“Group” and “history from below,” the three generations of the French Annales and their
interest in deep structures and the longue durée of historical change; the German
“Bielefeld school” and its paradigm of Gesellschaftsgeschichte, and the Italian school of
“microstoria.” For each national school, in addition to historiographical overviews, a
representative historical writing will provide the basis for seminar discussion.
The second part continues with a discussion of the interdisciplinary dialogue and the
debates between social history and the social sciences, particularly sociology,
anthropology and literary studies. It provides a review of recent trends such as
postmodern and poststructuralist challenges, the revival of the narrative and the
fragmentation of the historical discourse, assessing their impact on the writing of social
history. The third part addresses main methodological challenges posed by social history
research, namely issues of social terminology, categorization and specialized vocabulary;
generalizing from fragmentary evidence; understanding causality; establishing
differences and similarities among historical phenomena; employing appropriate
concepts; and evaluating competing explanatory accounts. Finally, on the basis of the
course discussion, the conclusions offer an informed and constructive “critique” of social
history, opening students to fresh transnational and relational approaches to regional and
European social history.
The course combines large scale comparisons with microhistorical analyses, and
relational and transnational approaches with knowledge of local trends in historiography.
In order to enable students to make meaningful comparisons, reading samples alternates
historiographical debates with extracts from authoritative works of “practitioner
historians,” such as E. P. Thompson, Michel Foucault, Reinhart Koselleck, Daniel Roche,
Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, and William Sewell.
In addition to the assigned reading materials, the course syllabus also provides
general bibliographical guidelines on the field of social history. Students are also
encouraged to monitor the activity of new research institutes and academic departments
on social history in EastCentral Europe, such as the Institute of Social History of the
National Academy of Science, Budapest; the Department of Economic and Social
History, ELTE University, Budapest; the Institute of Social History of the National
Academy of Science, Warsaw; the Centre for Social History at the Institute of General
History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow; the Association for Social
History, Belgrade; and the Institute of Economic and Social History, Charles University,
Prague; and to consult new regional periodicals in the field, among which: ÖZG –
Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften, (Vienna), Revista de Istorie
Socială (Bucharest) Korall. Tárdadalomtörténeti folyóirat (Budapest), The Russian
Social History Yearbook/ Social'naja istorija. Ezhegodnik (Moscow), Čas–človek a
spočnost’ (Bratislava), Godišnjak za društvenu istoriju/Annual for Social History
(Belgrade), and the Prager wirtschafts und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen/Prague
Economic and Social History Papers.
Course Requirements:
Students are expected to attend all seminars, read the assigned readings and prepare to
actively participate in seminar discussions. The requirements and grading breakdown of
the seminar are as follows:
Seminar participation (30 percent), based on both the quantity and quality of the
students’ contributions and involvement during discussions of readings;
Book presentation (35 percent); Titles will be selected from a book list provided at
the end of the syllabus. All reports must be circa 1.500 words and should include a
relevant summary of all of the important topics and conclusions covered in the book
and an analysis of the historical significance of the work. The analysis should
evaluate the relevance of the book to the class discussion, identify what kind of social
history sources the book employs and what type of interpretation it applies to
historical events and characters, and provide an evaluation of the historical meaning
of the book to the contemporary scholarly audiences.
Final essay (35 percent): A final essay of approximately 4.000 words will be due two
weeks after the final seminar, on a topic relevant to both the course subjectmatter
and students’ particular research interest.
Course Topics :
1. The Rise of Social History: Political and Historiographical Contexts
2. Social History in the USA
3. Social History in the United Kingdom
4. Social History in France
5. Social History in Germany
6. Social History and the Linguistic Turn
7. Social History and Postmodernism
8. Social History and Cultural History
9. Methods of Social History Research (I): Quantification and Computer Techniques
10. Methods of Social History Research (II): Vocabulary, Terminology and Social
Categorization
11. Varieties of Social History: Microhistory and Alltagsgeschichte
12. Toward a “New” Social History?
Course Outline and Readings:
I. Introduction
1. The Rise of Social History: Political and Historiographical Context:
Required readings:
Geoff Elley, “Some Recent Tendencies in Social Studies,” in Georg G. Iggers and
Harold T. Parker, eds., International handbook of Historical Studies:
Contemporary Research and Theory (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press,
1979), pp. 5570.
Harry Ritter, “Social History,” in Dictionary of Concepts in History (London,
New York, Westpoint: The Greenwood Press, 1986), pp. 408413.
“Social History” in D.R. Woolf, ed., A Global Encyclopedia of Historical
Writing, 2 vols. (New York: Garland Publications, 1998), vol. 2, pp. 844
849.
C. Conrad, “Social History” in International Encyclopedia of the Social &
Behavioral Sciences, ed. Neil H. Smelser, Paul B Baltes (Amsterdam,
2001), vol. 21, 1429914306.
I. National Schools and Historiographical Traditions:
2. Social History in the USA:
Required Readings:
Georg G. Iggers, “American Traditions of Social History,” in Historiography in
the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern
Challenge (Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press, 1997), pp. 4150.
Ernst Breisach, “American Progressive History” and “Historiography as a Mirror
of Postwar America,” in Historiography: Ancient, Medieval and Modern
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), pp. 362370, 385394.
Laurence Veysey, “The ‘New’ Social History in the Context of American
Historical Writing,” Reviews in American History, Vol. 7, No. 1, (Mar.
1979), pp. 112.
Article presentation: Frederick J. Turner, “Social Forces in American History,”
The American Historical Review, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Jan., 1911), pp. 217233.
Further bibliography:
Fred Anderson, Andrew R. L. Cayton, “The Problem of Fragmentation and the Prospects
for Synthesis in Early American Social History,” The William and Mary
Quarterly, Vol. 50, No. 2, Early American History: Its Pasts and Future (Apr.
1993), pp. 299310.
Robert E Gallman, “Some Notes on the New Social History,” The Journal of Economic
History, Vol. 37, No. 1, (Mar. 1977), pp. 312.
3. Social History in the United Kingdom:
Required readings:
Gertrude Himmelfarb, “The Writing of Social History: Recent Studies of 19th
Century England,” The Journal of British Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1, (Nov.
1971), pp. 148170.
Gertrude Himmelfarb, “The Group: British Marxist Historians,” in The New
history and the Old (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard
University Press, 1987), pp. 7093.
Eric Hobsbawm, “From Social History to the History of Society,” in Felix Gilbert
and Graubard, Stephen, eds., Historical Studies Today (New York: WW
Norton, 1972), pp. 126.
Book presentation: E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class
(New York: Random House, 1963).
Further bibliography:
E. P. Thompson, “Eighteenth century English society: class struggle without class?”
Social History, Vol. 2, No. 5, (1978), pp. 133165.
N. B. Harte, “Trends in Publications on the Economic and Social History of Great Britain
and Ireland, 19251974,” The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 30, No.
1, (Feb. 1977), pp. 2041.
L. A. Clarkson, “The Writing of Irish Economic and Social History Since 1968,” The
Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 33, No. 1, (Feb. 1980), pp. 100111.
Richard E. Miller, “Composing English Studies: Toward a Social History of the
Discipline,” College Composition and Communication, Vol. 45, No. 2, (May,
1994), pp. 164179.
4. Social History in France:
Required readings:
Ernst Breisach, “The Annales School,” in Historiography: Ancient, Medieval and
Modern (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), pp. 370376.
Georg G. Iggers, “France: The Annales,” in Historiography in the Twentieth
Century, pp. 5164.
Editors of Annales, “Histoire et Sciences Sociales: Un Tournant critique,”
Annales ESC 43 (Mar.Apr. 1988), pp. 291293, published in English as
“History and Social Science: A Critical Turning Point” in Jacques Revel
and Lynn Hunt, eds., Histories: French constructions of the past,
translated by Arthur Goldhammer (New York: New Press, 1995), pp. 480
483.
Editors of Annales, “Tentons l’expérience,” Annales ESC 44 (Nov.Dec. 1989),
pp. 13171323, published in English as “Let’s Try the Experiment,” in
Revel and Hunt, eds., Histories: French constructions of the past, pp. 484
491.
Antoine Prost, “What Has Happened to French Social History?” The Historical
Journal, Vol. 35, No. 3 (Sept. 1992), pp. 671679.
Book presentation: Daniel Roche, A History of Everyday Things: The Birth of
Consumption in France, 16001800, translated by Brian Pearce
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 309 p.
Further bibliography:
Aymand Maurice, “The Annales and French Historiography (19291972),” in The Journal
of European Economic History, Vol. 1, (1972), 2, pp. 491511.
Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 192989 (Oxford:
Polity Press, 1990).
Clark, Stuart, ed., The Annales School: Critical Assessments. 4 vols. (London: Routledge,
1999).
Social Historians in Contemporary France: Essays from Annales. Edited and translated
by the staff of Annales, Paris. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.
5. Social History in Germany:
Required readings:
Georg G. Iggers, “Critical Theory and Social History: ‘Historical Social Science’
in the Federal Republic of Germany,” in Historiography in the Twentieth
Century, pp. 6577.
Ernst Breisach, “The Transformation of German Historiography,” in
Historiography: Ancient, Medieval and Modern, pp. 378385.
Jürgen Kocka, “Theory and Social History: Recent Developments in West
Germany,” in Social Research, 47 (1980) 2, pp. 426457.
Book presentation: Jürgen Kocka, Facing total war: German society, 19141918
(Leamington Spa: Berg, 1984).
Further bibliography:
Iggers, Georg G. The German conception of history: the national tradition of historical
thought from Herder to the present (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University
Press, 1983).
Iggers, Georg G. The Social History of Politics: Critical Perspectives in West German
Historical Writing since 1945 (Dover, N.H.: Berg, 1985).
7. Social History and the Linguistic Turn:
Required readings:
Georg G. Iggers, “The Linguistic Turn: The End of History as a Scholarly
Discipline?” in Historiography in the Twentieth Century (Middletwon,
CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1997), pp. 118133, and 168170.
Reinhart Koselleck, “Begriffsgeschichte and Social History,” in Futures Past. On
the Semantics of Historical Time, trans. Keith Tribe (London and
Cambridge: MIT Press, 1985), pp. 7392.
Book presentation: Reinhart Koselleck, Preussen zwischen Reform und
Revolution: allgemeines Landrecht, Verwaltung und soziale Bewegung
von 1791 bis 1848 (Stuttgart: Klett, 1967).
Further bibliography:
Roland Barthes, “The Discourse of History,” Comparative Criticism: A Yearbook, vol. 3
(1981), pp. 328.
Melvin Richter, “Reconstructing the History of Political Languages: Pocock, Skinner and
the Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe,” History and Theory Vol. 29, No. 1, (1990),
pp. 3869.
Reinhart Koselleck, “Sozialgeschichte und Begriffsgeschichte” in Wolfgang Schieder
and Volker Sellin, eds., Sozialgeschichte in Deutschland: Entwicklungen und
Perspektiven im internationalen Zusammenhang, 2 vols. (Göttingen:
Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 1987), vol. 2, pp. 89107.
Hayden V. White, The Content of the Form: Narrative Discourse and Historical
Representation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987).
Peter Burke and Roy Porter, eds. The Social History of Language (Cambridge,
Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, 1987).
Bryan Palmer, Descent into Discourse: The Reification of Language and the Writing of
Social History (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990).
8. Social History and Postmodernism:
Required readings:
Jane Caplan, “Postmodernism, Poststructuralism, and Deconstruction. Notes for
Historians,” Central European History, Vol. 22, No. 3/4 (1989), pp. 260
279.
Rudy Koshar, “Foucault and Social History: Comments on ‘Combined
Underdevelopment,’” The American Historical Review, Vol. 98, No. 2
(April 1993), pp. 354363.
Golstein, Jan, “Foucault among the Sociologists: The ‘Disciple’ and the History of
Profession,” History and Theory, 23 (1984), pp. 170192.
Book presentation: Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the
Prison, translated from the French by Alan Sheridan (New York: Vintage
Books, 1977).
Further bibliography:
F. R. Ankersmit “Historiography and Postmodernism,” History and Theory, Vol. 28 No.
2, (1989), pp. 137153.
Foucault, Michel, The Archaeology of Knowledge, translated from the French by A. M.
Sheridan Smith, (London: Routledge, 1972).
Foucault, Michel, The History of Sexuality, translated from the French by Robert Hurley,
(New York: Vintage Books, 19881990).
9. Social History and Cultural History:
Required readings:
William H. Sewell, Jr. “The concept(s) of culture,” in Victoria E. Bonnell and
Lynn Hunt, eds., Beyond the cultural turn: new directions in the study of
society and culture (Berkley, Cal.: University of California Press, 1999,
pp. 3561.
Lynn Hunt, “Introduction: History, Culture, and Text” in Lynn Hunt, ed., The
New Cultural History, with an introduction by Lynn Hunt Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1989, pp. 124.
Fass, Paula S. “Cultural History/Social History: Some Reflections on a
Continuing Dialogue,” Journal of Social History, (Fall 2003), pp. 3946.
Book presentation: Lynn Hunt. Politics, culture, and class in the French
Revolution (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984).
Further bibliography:
Patricia O’Brien, “Michel Foucault’s History of Culture” in Lynn Hunt, ed., The New
Cultural History, with an introduction by Lynn Hunt (Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1989), pp. 2546.
Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn Hunt “Introduction,” in Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn
Hunt, eds., Beyond the Cultural Turn: New Directions in the Study of Society and
Culture; with an afterword by Hayden White Berkeley, Cal.: University of
California Press, 1999, pp. 134.
Roger Chartier, “Intellectual History or Sociocultural History? The French Trajectories,”
Trans. Jane P. Kaplan, in Dominique La Capra and Steven L. Kaplan, eds.,
Intellectual History: Reappraisals and New Perspectives (Ithaca, NY.: Cornell
University Press, 1982), pp. 1346, republished in Revel and Hunt, eds.,
Histories: French constructions of the past, pp. 287297.
III. Methods of Social History:
9. Social History and Gender
10. Quantification and Computer Techniques:
Required readings:
Emmmanuel le Roy Ladurie, “The Historian and the Computer” in The Territory
of the Historian, trans. T. B. and Sian Raynolds (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1979), pp. 35.
François Furet, “Quantitative History” in The Workshop of History, trans.
Jonathan Mandelbaum (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), pp.
4053.
Bernard Lepetit, “L’Histoire quantitative: Deux ou trois choses que je sais d’elle,”
Histoire et Mesure, 4 (1989), pp. 191199, published in English as
“Quantitative History: Another Approach,” in Revel and Hunt, eds.,
Histories: French constructions of the past, pp. 503512.
Chapter presentation: Miles Fairburn. “To Count or not to Count” in Social
history: problems, strategies, and methods (New York: St. Martin's Press,
1999), pp. 145176.
Further bibliography:
Arthur E. Imhof and Oivind Larsen. “Social and Medical History: Methodological
Problems in Interdisciplinary Quantitative Research,” Journal of Interdisciplinary
History, Vol. 7, No. 3, (Winter 1977), pp. 493498.
Christopher Lloyd, “The Methodologies of Social History: A Critical Survey and Defense
of Structurism,” History and Theory, Vol. 30, No. 2, (May 1991), pp. 180219.
Arthur L. Stinchcombe, Theoretical Methods in Social History (New York: Academic
Press, 1978).
11. Vocabulary, Terminology and Social Categorization:
Required readings:
Alfred Cobban, “The Vocabulary of Social History,” Political Science Quarterly,
Vol. 71, No. 1 (March 1956), pp. 117.
Daniel Orlovsky, “Social History and its Categories,” Slavic Review, Vol. 47, No.
4 (Winter 1988), pp. 620623.
Article presentation: Jürgen Kocka, “The Middle Classes of Europe,” The Journal
of Modern History, Vol. 67, No. 4 (1995), pp. 783806.
12. Oral History, Microhistory and Alltagsgeschichte
:
Required readings:
Giovanni Levi, “On Microhistory,” in Peter Burke, ed., New Perspectives on
Historical Writing (Cambridge, England Polity Press, 1992), pp. 93113.
Jacques Revel, “Microanalyse construction du sociale” in Revel, ed., La
construction du social (Paris: Gallimard, 1996), published in English as
“Microanalysis and the Construction of the Social,” in Revel and Hunt,
eds., Histories: French Constructions of the Past, 492502.
David F. Crew, “Altagsgeschichte: A New Social History ‘From Below?’”
Central European History, 22 (1989), pp. 394407.
Book presentation: Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, Montaillou: Cathars and
Catholics in a French village, 12941324, Translated by Barbara Bray.
London: Penguin Books, 1990.
Further bibliography:
Geoff Eley, “Review: Labor History, Social History, ‘Alltagsgeschichte:’ Experience,
Culture, and the Politics of the Everyday: A New Direction for German Social
History?” The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 61, No. 2 (Jun., 1989), pp. 297
343.
Patrick H. Hutton, “Placing History in Contemporary Historiography,” in History as an
Act of Memory (Hanover and London: University of Press of New England,
1993), pp. 126.
IV. Conclusions:
13. Toward a “New” Social History?
Required readings:
Steven. C. Hause, “The Evolution of Social History,” French Historical Studies,
Vol. 19, No. 4, Special Issue: Biography (Autumn 1996), pp. 11911214.
Patrick Joyce, “The End of Social History?” in Keith Jenkins, The Postmodern
History Reader (London: Routledge, 1997), pp. 341365.
Geoffrey Elley and Keith Nield, “Starting Over: The Present, the Postmodern
and the Moment of Social History,” in Jenkins, The Postmodern History
Reader, pp. 366379.
Further bibliography:
Lutz Niethammer, “The Dissolution of History,” in Posthistoire: Has History Come to an
End ? (London: Verso, 1992), pp. 135152.
Peter Burke, “Overture: The New History. Its Past and Its Future,” in Burke, ed., New
Perspectives on Historical Writing (Cambridge, England Polity Press, 1992), pp.
123.
Gertrude Himmelfarb, “Some Reflections on the New History,” American Historical
Review, Vol. 94, No. 3, (1989), pp. 661670.
Peter Novick, “The center does not hold” in That Noble Dream. The “Objectivity
Question” and the American Historical Profession (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1988), pp. 522527.
Jörn Rünsen, Studies in Metahistory, edited and introduced by Pieter Duvenage (Pretoria:
Human Sciences Research Council, 1993).
List of books proposed for review:
Bloch, Marc. Apologie pour l'histoire ou Metier d'historien. Paris: Armand Colin, 1961.
Duby, Georges. The Three Orders: Feudal Society Imagined, translated by Arthur
Goldhammer; with a foreword by Thomas N. Bisson. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1980.
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, translated from the
French by Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, 1977.
Furet, François. Penser la Revolution française. Paris: Gallimard, 1978.
Koselleck, Reinhart. Preussen zwischen Reform und Revolution: allgemeines Landrecht,
Verwaltung und soziale Bewegung von 1791 bis 1848. Stuttgart: Klett, 1967.
Ladurie, Emmanuel Le Roy. Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French village,
12941324, Translation of Montaillou, village occitan de 1294 à 1324. Translated
by Barbara Bray. London: Penguin Books, 1990.
Roche, Daniel. A History of Everyday Things: The Birth of Consumption in France,
16001800, translated by Brian Pearce. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2000.
Sewell, William. Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old
Regime to 1848. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
Thompson, E. P. The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Random House,
1963.
General Bibliography:
Historiography:
Barraclough, Geoffrey. Main trends in history. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1979, 259 p.
Breisach, Ernst. Historiography: ancient, medieval & modern. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1994, 2nd ed, 481 p.
Burke, Peter. New Perspectives on Historical Writing. University Park, Penn.:
Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992, 254 p.
Butterfield, H. The Whig Interpretation of History. New York: Norton, 1965, 132 p.
Clark, Stuart, ed. The Annales School: Critical Assessments. 4 vols. London: Routledge,
1999.
Fogel, Robert William and G.R. Elton. Which Road to the Past?: Two Views of History.
New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983, 136 p.
Furet, François. The Workshop of History, trans. Jonathan Mandelbaum. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1984.
Himmelfarb, Gertrude. The New History and the Old. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press
of Harvard University Press, 1987, 209 p.
Hobsbawm, Eric. On history. New York: New Press, 1997, 305 p.
Howell, Martha C. and Walter Prevenier. From Reliable Sources: An Introduction to
Historical Methods. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2001, 207 p.
Iggers, Georg G. ed. Marxist Historiography in Transformation: East German Social
History in the 1980s. Translated by Bruce Little. New York: St Martin's Press,
1991, 263 p.
Iggers, Georg G. Historiography in the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objectivity to
the Postmodern Challenge. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press, 1997, 182
p.
Iggers, Georg G. New Directions in European Historiography. Middletown, Conn.:
Wesleyan University Press, 1984 Rev. ed., 267 p.
Iggers, Georg G. The German Conception of History: The National Tradition of
Historical Thought from Herder to the Present. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan
University Press, 1983 Edition Rev. ed., 388 p.
Iggers, Georg G. The Social History of Politics: Critical Perspectives in West German
Historical Writing since 1945. Dover, N.H.: Berg, 1985, 312 p.
Jenkins, Keith. On "what is history?" From Carr and Elton to Rorty and White. London:
Routledge, 1995, 200 p.
Jenkins, Keith. The postmodern history reader. London: Routledge, 1997.
Ladurie, Emmmanuel le Roy The Territory of the Historian, trans. T. B. and Sian
Raynolds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.
Laqueur Walter and George L. Mosse, eds. The New History: Trends in Historical
Research and Writing since World War II. New York: Harper & Row, 1967, 265
p.
Marius, Richard and Melvin E. Page. A Short Guide to Writing about History. New York:
Longman, 2002. 4th ed., 227 p.
Munslow, Alun and Robert A. Rosenstone, eds. Experiments in Rethinking History. New
York, NY: Routledge, 2004, 245.
PallaresBurke, Maria Lúcia. The New History: Confessions and Conversations.
Cambridge: Polity, 2002, 247 p.
Peter, Burke. The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 192989 (Oxford:
Polity Press, c1990).
Powicke, F. M. Modern Historians and the Study of History: Essays and Papers.
London: Odhams Press, 1955, 256 p.
Revel, Jacques and Lynn Hunt, eds., Histories: French constructions of the past,
translated by Arthur Goldhammer. New York: New Press, 1995.
Stuchtey, Benedikt and Eckhardt Fuchs, eds. Writing world history, 18002000. London:
German Historical Institute, 2003, 367 p.
Tosh, John. The Pursuit of History: Aims, Methods, and New Directions in the Study of
Modern History. London: Longman, 1991, 2nd ed., 243 p.
Social History:
Books:
Andrle, Vladimir. A Social History of TwentiethCentury Russia. London: E. Arnold,
1995, 289 p.
Ayçoberry, Pierre. The Social History of the Third Reich: 19331945. Translated from the
French by Janet Lloyd. New York: New Press, 1999, 380 p.
Black, Christopher F. Early Modern Italy: A Social History. London: Routledge, 2000,
279 p.
Briggs, Asa. A Social History of England. New York: Viking Press, 1984, 1983, 320 p.
Burke, Peter and Roy Porter, eds. The Social History of Language. Cambridge
[Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1987, 219 p.
Burke, Peter. A Social History of Knowledge: From Gutenberg to Diderot. Burke.
Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2000, 268 p.
Burnett, John. A Social History of Housing, 18151985. Illustrated by Christopher
Powell. London: Routledge, 1991 c1986 2nd ed., 387 p.
Eisenstadt, Shmuel N., Wolfgang Schluchter and Björn Wittrock, eds. Public Spheres
and Collective Identities. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2000, 293
p.
Girouard, Mark. Cities and People: A Social and Architectural History. New Haven:
Yale University Press, 1989, c1985 vii, 397 p.
Griffin, Larry and Marcel van der Linden, eds. New Methods in Social History. New
York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Supplement of International Review of
Social History.
Grunberger, Richard. The 12year Reich: A Social History of Nazi Germany, 19331945.
New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1979, c1971, 535 p.
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