See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/321357452

Directive antennas for future 5G mobile wireless communications

Conference Paper · August 2017

DOI: 10.23919/URSIGASS.2017.8105059

CITATION READS

1 240

2 authors:

Mohamed Mamdouh Ali A. R Sebak

Concordia University Montreal Concordia University Montreal
33 PUBLICATIONS   203 CITATIONS    506 PUBLICATIONS   3,331 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

High gain antennas based on printed ridge gap waveguide View project

Performance Studies and Review of Millimeter Wave MIMO Beamforming View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Mohamed Mamdouh Ali on 11 October 2018.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 
QG856,*$660RQWUHDO$XJXVW

Directive Antennas for Future 5G Mobile Wireless Communications

0RKDPHG0DPGRXK0$OL$EGHO5D]LN6HEDN
(OHFWULFDODQG&RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ'HSDUWPHQW&RQFRUGLD8QLYHUVLW\
0RQWUHDO4&&DQDGD
PRBDO#HQFVFRQFRUGLDFDDEGR#HFHFRQFRUGLDFD


Abstract 2.1 Single Element Antenna configuration
,QWKLVSDSHUDVLQJOHGLUHFWLYHDQWHQQDIRUWKHIXWXUH*PRELOH
ZLUHOHVV FRPPXQLFDWLRQV LV SURSRVHG 6HYHUDO JDLQ )LJ  VKRZV WKH JHRPHWU\ RI WKH SURSRVHG GLUHFWLYH DQWHQQD
HQKDQFHPHQW WHFKQLTXHV LQFOXGLQJ DQWHQQD DUUD\V PHWDOOLF 7KH HOOLSWLFDOSDWFK LVSULQWHGRQD ORZ SHUPLWWLYLW\ ³İU ´
KRUQGLHOHFWULFKRUQVXSHUVWUDWHKRPRJHQRXVKHPLVSKHUHOHQV JURXQGHGVXEVWUDWHZLWKDPPWKLFNZKHUHLWLVIHGE\D
DQGFRQYH[K\SHUEROLFOHQVDUHSUHVHQWHG$UHDOL]HGJDLQRI ȍPLFURVWULSOLQHRQWKHEDFNVLGHRIDVHFRQGWKLQGLHOHFWULF
PRUH WKDQ  G% ZLWK VPDOO VLGH OREH OHYHO LV DFKLHYHG 7KH OD\HUZLWKDKLJKHUSHUPLWWLYLW\³İU ´DQGPPWKLFN
SHUIRUPDQFHRIGLIIHUHQWDQWHQQDVLQFRUSRUDWLQJGLIIHUHQWJDLQ WKURXJKDQHOOLSWLFDODSHUWXUHHWFKHGLQWKHJURXQGSODQHZLWKD
LPSURYHPHQWWHFKQLTXHVLVSUHVHQWHG ZLGWKQHDUO\HTXDOVWRKDOIZDYHOHQJWKRIWKHFHQWHUIUHTXHQF\
³DURXQG  *+]´ %DVHG RQ VHYHUDO SDUDPHWULF VWXGLHV DQG
1. Introduction RSWLPL]DWLRQWKHRSWLPL]HGSDUDPHWHUVDUHVXPPDUL]HGLQ7DEOH
,
7KHGHPDQGIRUKLJKTXDOLW\XELTXLWRXVZLUHOHVVFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
V\VWHPVLVPRUHWKDQHYHUEHIRUH7KLVUHTXLUHPHQWLVWKHGULYLQJ
IRUFHWRZDUGVWKHUDSLGUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWLQWKHILHOGV
RILQIRUPDWLRQDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQWHFKQRORJLHVZRUOGZLGHWKDW
OHDGVWKHUHVHDUFKFRPPXQLW\WRZDUGVWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIQH[W
JHQHUDWLRQRIZLUHOHVVFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
7KH SODQQHG * FHOOXODU QHWZRUNV EDVH VWDWLRQV DQG PRELOH
GHYLFHVZLOOHVVHQWLDOO\PDNHXVHRIPPZDYHIUHTXHQF\EDQGV
WRPHHWFRQVXPHUV¶HYHUJURZLQJGHPDQGIRUKLJKGDWDUDWHDQG
FDSDFLW\ IURP ZLUHOHVV VHUYLFH SURYLGHUV 0LOOLPHWHUZDYH
DQWHQQDGHVLJQLVFRQVLGHUHGDVWKHILUVWVWHSIRUUHDOL]LQJPP 
ZDYHZLUHOHVVFRPPXQLFDWLRQV\VWHPV1RWRQO\LPSURYLQJWKH DE
KLJKO\ GLUHFWLRQDO DQWHQQD JDLQ EXWDOVRUHGXFLQJWKH VL]H DQG
HPSOR\LQJ D VXLWDEOH LPSHGDQFHPDWFKLQJ EDQGZLGWK DUH Figure 1. *HRPHWULFDO FRQILJXUDWLRQ RI WKH SURSRVHG *
FRQVLGHUHGFULWLFDOGHVLJQUHTXLUHPHQWV DQWHQQDDWRSYLHZDQGEVLGHYLHZ

7KH ODWHVW SXEOLVKHG OLWHUDWXUH VKRZV WKDW IRU WKH IXWXUH * 
PRELOHFRPPXQLFDWLRQWKHIUHTXHQF\RIRSHUDWLRQLVH[SHFWHG
TABLE I.
WREHDURXQGWKH.DEDQGLQJHQHUDODQGPRUHSUHFLVHO\DW
7KHRSWLPL]HGSDUDPHWHUVRISURSRVHG*DQWHQQD$OOXQLWV
*+]'XHWRWKHSURSDJDWLRQFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHVHIUHTXHQF\
EDQGVWKH FHOO VWUXFWXUH QHHGV WREH FRPSDFWLQ VL]H WKDWZLOO DUHLQPP

UHVXOWLQODUJHQXPEHURIEDVHVWDWLRQV>@>@
7KHUH LV D QHHG IRU GHVLJQLQJ DQWHQQD ZLWK KLJKHU JDLQ WR          
RYHUFRPH WKH SDWK ORVV GXH WR WKH DWPRVSKHULF DEVRUSWLRQ RI
HOHFWURPDJQHWLFZDYHVDWKLJKHUIUHTXHQFLHV6RPHZRUNGRQH 
E\ WKH DXWKRUV RQ GHVLJQLQJ * KLJK JDLQ DQWHQQDV  DUUD\V 
UHIOHFWDUUD\VKDYHEHHQUHFHQWO\UHOHDVHG>@>@
2.2 Results and Discussions
,Q WKLV DUWLFOH JDLQ HQKDQFHPHQW WHFKQLTXHV VXFK DV DQWHQQD
DUUD\VPHWDOOLFKRUQGLHOHFWULFKRUQVXSHUVWUDWHKRPRJHQRXV 7KH SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH SURSRVHG DQWHQQD LV DQDO\]HG DQG
KHPLVSKHUHOHQVDQGFRQYH[K\SHUEROLFOHQVDUHSODFHGRYHUWKH RSWLPL]HG XVLQJ IXOOZDYH (0 VLPXODWRU &67 0:6 >@ 7KH
SDWFKWRDFKLHYHDUHDOL]HGJDLQPRUHWKDQG%LXSWRG% VLPXODWHGUHVXOWRI6SDUDPHWHUIRUWKHSURSRVHG*DQWHQQDLV
ZLWKVPDOOVLGHOREHOHYHO VKRZQLQ)LJ,WLVREYLRXVWKDWWKHDQWHQQDSURSHUO\PDWFKHG
DW*+]ZLWK6OHVVWKDQG%DQGLPSHGDQFHEDQGZLGWK
2. Proposed Directive 5G Antennas RI*+])LJEVKRZVWKHVLPXODWHGUDGLDWLRQSDWWHUQVRI
SURSRVHG * DQWHQQD DW IUHTXHQFLHV RI  7KH ILJXUH
GHPRQVWUDWHV WKDW WKH DQWHQQD LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ GLUHFWLRQDO
SDWWHUQVZLWK6//G%DQGG%PD[LPXPJDLQ
RIUDGLDWLQJHOOLSWLFDOSDWFKDWGLVWDQFHPPZLWKKHLJKWRI
PPDQGWRSUDGLXVRIPPWRIDFLOLWDWHWKHIDEULFDWLRQSURFHVV
7KHSURSRVHG*DQWHQQDZLWKDVXSHUVWUDWHOD\HUZLWKε = 7.6
RSHUDWLQJ DW  *+] LV LQWURGXFHG )RU JDLQ LPSURYHPHQW D
VXSHUVWUDWHGLHOHFWULFOD\HURIDWKLFNQHVVPPDWORFDWHGDW
GLVWDQFHPPIURPWKHWRSVXEVWUDWHDVSUHVHQWHGLQ)LJG
LVDSSOLHGDERYHWKH*DQWHQQD)LJHVKRZVDSURSRVHG*
DQWHQQD ZLWK D KRPRJHQRXV KHPLVSKHULFDO OHQV ZLWK ε = 2.2
RSHUDWLQJ DW  *+] LV SUHVHQWHG )RU JDLQ LPSURYHPHQW D
KHPLVSKHULFDOOHQVZLWKGLDPHWHUPPDWORFDWHGDWGLVWDQFH
PPIURPWKHWRSVXEVWUDWH7KHYLUWXHIRUWKHXWLOL]DWLRQRI
D K\SHUEROLF OHQV FRQVLVWV PDLQO\ LQ LWV VLPSOH VKDSH DQG
WKHUHIRUHHDVLHUGHYHORSPHQW)LJIVKRZVWKHVLGHYLHZRI
WKH SURSRVHG DQWHQQD ZLWK VLQJOH DQG GRXEOH FXUYH FRQYH[
K\SHUEROLFOHQVHV)RUWKHVXEVHTXHQWVWXG\WKHGHVLJQHGOHQV
 ZLWKWKHGLDPHWHURIPPDQGWKHIRFDOGLVWDQFHHTXDOLQJ
D PPIRUVLQJOHFXUYH&RQYH[K\SHUEROLFOHQVDQGOHQVZLWKWKH
GLDPHWHURIPPDQGWKHIRFDOGLVWDQFHHTXDOLQJPPIRU
GRXEOHFXUYH&RQYH[K\SHUEROLFZHUHVHOHFWHG


E  
DEF
Figure 2. 6LPXODWHG UHWXUQ ORVV _6_ YHUVXV IUHTXHQF\ RI 
SURSRVHG'LUHFWLYH*DQWHQQDE6LPXODWHGUDGLDWLRQSDWWHUQV
RISURSRVHG*DQWHQQD*+]


3. Proposed Gain Enhancements Techniques

For 5G Directive Antenna

)LJSUHVHQWVWKHJHRPHWULFDOFRQILJXUDWLRQVRIWKHSURSRVHG
JDLQ LPSURYHPHQW WHFKQLTXHV WKDW LQFOXGLQJ DQWHQQD DUUD\V  
PHWDOOLF KRUQ GLHOHFWULF KRUQ VXSHUVWUDWH KRPRJHQRXV GHI
KHPLVSKHUH OHQV DQG FRQYH[ K\SHUEROLF OHQVHV )LJ D 
LOOXVWUDWHV WKH JHRPHWULFDO FRQILJXUDWLRQ RI WKH SURSRVHG IRXU 
HOHPHQW DQWHQQD DUUD\ 7KH SURSRVHG DUUD\ LV EXLOW XVLQJ D Figure 37KHJHRPHWU\RIWKHSURSRVHG*DQWHQQDZLWKJDLQ
GHVLJQHG  WR :LONLQVRQ SRZHU GLYLGHU DQG IRXU LGHQWLFDO LPSURYHPHQW WHFKQLTXHVD7UDGLWLRQDO IRXUHOHPHQW DQWHQQD
DQWHQQDHOHPHQWV7KHVSDFLQJDPRQJDQWHQQDHOHPHQWVLVVHWWR DUUD\ E 6HULHV IHHG DQWHQQD DUUD\ F '5$ KRUQ G
EHDOPRVWDKDOIZDYHOHQJWKDW*+]WRDYRLGWKHJUDWLQJOREHV 6XSHUVXEVWUDWH H KHPLVSKHULFDO OHQV I 6LQJOH DQG GRXEOH
7KHJHRPHWULFDOFRQILJXUDWLRQRIWKHDOWHUQDWLYHEHVWSURSRVHG FXUYHFRQYH[K\SHUEROLFOHQVHV
VHULHVIHGIRXUHOHPHQWDQWHQQDDUUD\LVVKRZQLQ)LJE7KH
$OORISURSRVHGFRQILJXUDWLRQVKDYHEHHQGHVLJQHGRSWLPL]HG
VSDFLQJ DPRQJ UDGLDWLRQ HOHPHQWV LV RSWLPL]HG DW  *+] WR
DQGVLPXODWHGXVLQJ&67SURJUDP7KHVLPXODWHGUHVXOWVRIWKH
GHFUHDVHVWKHVLGHOREHOHYHO7KLVW\SHDQWHQQDDUUD\GRHVQRW
UHIOHFWLRQFRHIILFLHQWV_6_IRUWKHSURSRVHGJDLQHQKDQFHPHQW
DIIHFWWKHEDQGZLGWKRQWKHFRQWUDU\WRWKHWUDGLWLRQDODQWHQQD
WHFKQLTXHVIRUWKHSURSRVHG*GLUHFWLYHDQWHQQDDUHLOOXVWUDWHG
DUUD\ GLVFXVVHG EHIRUH )XUWKHUPRUH LW KDV FRPSDFW VL]H
LQ )LJ  ,W LV DSSDUHQW WKDW WKH SURSRVHG DQWHQQD ZLWK WKHVH
FRPSDUH WR WUDGLWLRQDO RQH EHFDXVH RI WKH DYRLGDQFH RI IHHG
WHFKQLTXHV KDV D JRRG LPSHGDQFH PDWFKLQJ DW WKH GHVLUHG
QHWZRUN)LJFGHSLFWVWKHJHRPHWULFDOFRQILJXUDWLRQRIWKH
IUHTXHQF\EDQGRI*+]IRU_6_OHVVWKDQG%$OVRWKH
SURSRVHG GLUHFWLYH DQWHQQD ZLWK GLHOHFWULF KRUQ ZLWK ε = 7.6
FRPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWKHSURSRVHGWHFKQLTXHVIRUWKHVLPXODWHG
DQG WKLFNQHVV RI  PP SODFHG RYHU WKH FHQWHU RI UDGLDWLQJ
UDGLDWLRQ SDWWHUQV LV SUHVHQWHG LQ )LJ  7DEOH ,, VKRZV WKH
HOOLSWLFDOSDWFKDWGLVWDQFHPPZLWKKHLJKWRIPPDQGWRS
FRPSDULVRQ RI WKH UHDOL]HG JDLQ DQG VLGH OREH OHYHOV RI WKH
UDGLXV RI  PP 7KH GLHOHFWULF KRUQ FDQ EH UHSODFHG ZLWK
PHWDOOLFKRUQZLWKWKLFNQHVVRIPPSODFHGRYHUWKHFHQWHU
SURSRVHG*DQWHQQDZLWKWKHVXJJHVWHGWHFKQLTXHVWRLQFUHDVH
WKHJDLQ
SURSRVHGDQWHQQDHOHPHQWFRQVLVWRIHOOLSWLFDOSDWFKSULQWHGRQ
DORZSHUPLWWLYLW\JURXQGHGVXEVWUDWHZKHUHLWLVIHGE\Dȍ
PLFURVWULSOLQHRQWKHEDFNVLGHRIDVHFRQGWKLQGLHOHFWULFOD\HU
ZLWKDKLJKHUSHUPLWWLYLW\WKURXJKDQHOOLSWLFDODSHUWXUHHWFKHG
LQ FRPPRQ WKH JURXQG SODQH 7KH SHUIRUPDQFH RI GLIIHUHQW
DQWHQQDVLQFRUSRUDWLQJGLIIHUHQWJDLQLPSURYHPHQWWHFKQLTXHV
KDVEHHQSUHVHQWHG

5. References


Figure 4 5HIOHFWLRQ FRHIILFLHQW _6_ YHUVXV IUHTXHQF\ RI
SURSRVHG*DQWHQQDZLWKJDLQLPSURYHPHQWWHFKQLTXHV
TABLE II.
7KHFRPSDULVRQRIWKHUHDOL]HGJDLQDQGVLGHOREHOHYHOVRIWKH
SURSRVHG*DQWHQQD

Gain Enhancements Gain (dB) Side lobe level 
Technique (dB)
D
E­ H­
plane plane
3URSRVHG*DQWHQQD   
:LONLQVRQ$UUD\   
G%
6HULHVIHGDUUD\   
G%
6XSHUVXEWUDWH   
G%
'5$KRUQ   
G%
0HWDOOLFKRUQ   
G%
6LQJOHFXUYHFRQYH[   
K\SHUEROLFOHQV G% 
'RXEOHFXUYHFRQYH[ G%   E
K\SHUEROLFOHQV Figure 5.6LPXODWHGUDGLDWLRQSDWWHUQVRISURSRVHG*DQWHQQD
+HPLVSKHULFDOOHQV   ± DW*+]ZLWKJDLQLPSURYHPHQWWHFKQLTXHVD(SODQHE
G%
 0 0DWHUQLD DQG 0 )DOOJUHQ HW DO ³6FHQDULRV IRU *
4. Conclusion
$VLQJOHGLUHFWLYHDQWHQQDIRUWKHIXWXUH*PRELOHQHWZRUNV
KDV EHHQ SURSRVHG 6HYHUDO JDLQ HQKDQFHPHQW WHFKQLTXHV
LQFOXGLQJ DQWHQQD DUUD\V PHWDOOLF KRUQ GLHOHFWULF KRUQ
VXSHUVWUDWH KRPRJHQRXV KHPLVSKHUH OHQV DQG FRQYH[
K\SHUEROLFOHQVHVKDYHEHHQSUHVHQWHG$UHDOL]HGJDLQRIPRUH
WKDQG%ZLWKVPDOOVLGHOREHOHYHOKDVEHHQDFKLHYHG7KH
+SODQH
 $2VVHLUDQ)%RFFDUGL9%UDXQ..XVXPH30DUVFK
PRELOH DQG ZLUHOHVV FRPPXQLFDWLRQV WKH YLVLRQ RI WKH
0(7,6SURMHFW´,(((&RPPXQ0DJYROQRSS

 $ , 6XO\PDQ $ 7 1DVVDU 0 . 6DPLPL * 5
0DFFDUWQH\ 7 6 5DSSDSRUW DQG $ $OVDQLH ³5DGLR
SURSDJDWLRQSDWKORVVPRGHOVIRU*FHOOXODUQHWZRUNVLQ
WKH  *+= DQG  *+= PLOOLPHWHUZDYH EDQGV´ ,(((
&RPPXQ0DJYROQRSS
 0 0 0 $OL 2 0 +DUD] 6 $OVKHEHLOL $5 6HEDN  20+DUD]000$OL³$0LOOLPHWHU:DYH&LUFXODU
'HVLJQ RI %URDGEDQG DQG 'XDO%DQG 3ULQWHG 6ORW 5HIOHFWDUUD\ $QWHQQD IRU )XWXUH * &HOOXODU 1HWZRUNV´
$QWHQQDV IRU WKH )LIWK *HQHUDWLRQ * 0RELOH DQG $FFHSWHGLQ7KH,(((
:LUHOHVV&RPPXQLFDWLRQVQG1DWLRQDO5DGLR6FLHQFH  ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6\PSRVLXP RQ $QWHQQDV DQG 3URSDJDWLRQ
&RQIHUHQFH156&WKRI2FWREHUFLW\(J\SW DQG 861&856, 1DWLRQDO 5DGLR 6FLHQFH 0HHWLQJ $3
 2 0 +DUD] 0 0 0 $OL $ (OERXVKL $5 6HEDN
³)RXU(OHPHQW'XDO%DQG3ULQWHG6ORW$QWHQQD$UUD\IRU
WKH )XWXUH * 0RELOH &RPPXQLFDWLRQ 1HWZRUNV´ 7KH
 ,((( ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6\PSRVLXP RQ $QWHQQDV DQG
3URSDJDWLRQ DQG 861&856, 1DWLRQDO 5DGLR 6FLHQFH
6861&856, -XO\   %ULWLVK &ROXPELD
&DQDGD
 (OERXVKL 2 0 +DUD] $5 6HEDN ³+LJK *DLQ
&LUFXODUO\3RODUL]HG6ORW&RXSOHG$QWHQQDIRU0LOOLPHWHU
:DYH$SSOLFDWLRQV´0LFURZDYH$QG2SWLFDO7HFKQRORJ\
0HHWLQJ $36861&856, -XO\   %ULWLVK /HWWHUV9RO1R1RYHPEHU
&ROXPELD&DQDGD
 0XKDPPDG$$VKUDI2VDPD0+DUD]6DOHK$OVKHEHLOL
 000$OL20+DUD]6$OVKHEHLOLDQG$56HEDN &RPSDFW6L]H(QKDQFHG*DLQ6ZLWFKHG%HDP&RQIRUPDO
³%URDGEDQG 0LOOLPHWHU:DYH 5HFWDQJXODU 5HIOHFWDUUD\ $QWLSRGDO 7DSHUHG 6ORW $QWHQQD 6\VWHP IRU * 0,02
$QWHQQD 8WLOL]LQJ 1RYHO 3RODUL]DWLRQ ,QVHQVLWLYH 0XOWL :LUHOHVV &RPPXQLFDWLRQ 7KH WK ,((( ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
5HVRQDQW 8QLW &HOOV´ $FFHSWHG LQ QG 1DWLRQDO 5DGLR &RQIHUHQFH RQ :LUHOHVV DQG 0RELOH &RPSXWLQJ
6FLHQFH &RQIHUHQFH 156&  WK RI 2FWREHU FLW\ 1HWZRUNLQJ DQG &RPPXQLFDWLRQV :L0RE  2FW
(J\SW $EX'KDEL8$(
 &67&RPSXWHU 6LPXODWLRQ 7HFKQRORJ\ 'RFXPHQWDWLRQ
$YDLODEOHRQOLQHDWKWWSZZZFVWFRP


View publication stats